LAB REPORT 1 :

ZEROTH LAW

NAME ANITA FITRIYANI BINTI OTHMAN

CLASS DKM2A
MATRIX NO 16DKM19F2001
LECTURER’S NAME MADAM ROZEAH BINTI RAMLEE
 1.0 Experiment Outcomes

1.1 To determine the equivalent temperature of

the 3 cubes.

1.2 To prove the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.

 2.0 Theory

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two bodies are

each in thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also
in equilibrium with each other. Thermal equilibrium means that
when two bodies are brought into contact with each other and
separated by a barrier that is permeable to heat, there will be no
transfer of heat from one to the other. The Zeroth Law of
Thermodynamics defines temperature and makes thermometers
possible. For a thermometer to be useful, though, it must be first
calibrated. All other basic units of measure, e.g., for length, mass,
time, etc., are each defined according to a precise standard. In this
case, we must not only define a unit of measure, but also the
beginning point of the scale. 

Figure 1 : Zeroth Law

 3.0 Apparatus / Equipment

3.1 Thermometer
Using the logic of the zeroth law, we can conclude that the two
separate cups of boiling water are in thermal equilibrium with each
other. The zeroth law therefore enables us to use thermometers to
compare the temperatures of any objects we like .

3.2 Bunsen Burner

A Bunsen burner is a portable gas burner used for heating,
burning and sterilising materials in a laboratory.
3.3 Three Metal Cubes
To determine density .

3.4 Wire Gauze

A wire is a sheet of thin metal that has net like patterns or a
wire mesh. Wire gauge is placed on the support ring that is
attached to the retort stand between the Bunsen burner and the
glassware to support the beakers, flasks or other glassware
during heating .
3.5 Stopwatch
A stopwatch is a handheld time piece designed to measure the
amount of time elapses between its activation and deactivation.

3.6 Tripod Stand

A laboratory tripod is a three-legged platform used to support flasks
and beakers. Tripod are usually made of stainless steel or aluminium
and lightly built for portability within the lab. Often a wire gauge is
placed on top of the tripod to provide a flat base for glassware.
Tripods are generally tall enough for a Bunsen burner to be placed
underneath.
4.0 Assembly Diagram
 Figure 2: Beginning Step Of Zeroth Law

Figure 3 : Final Step Of Zeroth Law

5.0 Safety Precautions

Be cautious when using the Bunsen burner.

Be careful handling the cube that has been heated.

Do not run or play in the laboratory.

Make sure you do this experiment under the supervision of a

lecturer or a superior
If glassware accidentally becomes broken, carefully clean it up
with a broom and dustpan.  Dispose of the broken glass in
containers labeled FOR BROKEN GLASS ONLY.

Label all test tubes and other containers with contents.

 6.0
1. Fix the retort and tripod stand.
2. Place the wire gauze on the tripod stand.
3. Place the Bunsen burner under the wire gauze and turn it on.
4. Place cube A in the refrigerator.
5. Place cube B in a room temperature.
6. Place cube C on the wire gauze to be heated up
7. All three cubes should be placed at their respective places at the
same time.
8. Start the stopwatch and wait till it gets to 10 minutes.
9. After 10 minutes, turn off the Bunsen burner.
10. Take out cube A that has been put in the refrigerator and put all
three cubes on a table, further away from each other.
11. Take the reading of each cubes.
12. Move the three cubes closer to each other till the sides touches
each other.
13. Draw a data table.
14. Take the reading of the temperature of all three cubes every 2
minutes.
15. Record the reading of the temperature of cube A, B and C till all
three cubes has the same temperature.
 7.0 Results/ Data

TIME ( MINUTES) TEMPERATURE °c

A (ROOM ) B (FIRE) C ( ICE)
0 37 70 24
2 48 42 41
4 48 40 44
6 45 38 43
8 44 36 42
10 40 35 41
12 36 36 36
Table 1 : Experiment Data
 8.0 Discussion

8.1 What is the purpose of this experiment?

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics defines temperature and makes

thermometers possible. For a thermometer to be useful, though, it
must be first calibrated. All other basic units of measure, e.g., for
length, mass, time, etc., are each defined according to a precise
standard. In this case, we must not only define a unit of measure, but
also the beginning point of the scale.
Most thermometers contain liquid or metal that changes volume or
shape depending on its temperature. When the liquid or metal
reaches thermal equilibrium with the object or substance being
measured, the temperature-sensitive property of the material in the
thermometer can then be exploited to indicate its temperature.
8.2 At which temperature does the 3 cubes reach the equilibrium
temperature?

The equilibrium temperature for all 3 cubes from different type of

temperature is 36°c .
8.3 Relate the results of Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics with the
theory.
As we can see in the result that all 3 metal cubes reaches thermal
equilibrium no matter from where and what temperature , as related
in definition of Zeroth law where that if two bodies are each in
thermal equilibrium with some third body, then they are also in
equilibrium with each other. Thermal equilibrium means that when
two bodies are brought into contact with each other and separated
by a barrier that is permeable to heat, there will be no transfer of
heat from one to the other.
 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

In conclusion ,experiment outcomes is achived and proved in this

planned Zeroth law experiment .The experiment must be carried
very carefully due to use of fire from Bunsen burner. After few
minutes ,the hot and cold metal cube changes to normal room
temperature which is 36°c.Lastly,all metal cube faces thermal
equilibrium to surrounding . Another type of thermometer is based
on the thermal expansion of metal. Again, the problem is how to
amplify a very small change in size so it can be read on a scale. One
way is to use a coil with many loops so a slight change in length is
multiplied by the number of loops. Another type exploits the fact
that different metals expand at different rates when heated. Strips of
two different metals with different coefficients of expansion can be
laminated together so that the assembly will curl when it is heated.
This deflection can move a needle that can be read against a scale.

Another method for measuring temperature relies on colour changes

in temperature-sensitive organic materials. These are typically only
useful for measuring limited temperature ranges, such as indicating
fever or monitoring room temperature. Another device, called a
thermistor, works based on changes in the electrical resistivity of a
semiconducting material due to its temperature. These devices can
detect extremely small temperature changes and are used in
bolometers and to monitor laboratory experiments. However, no
measurement would be possible without relying on the principle
described in the Zeroth Law.
 10.0 References
https://www.livescience.com/50833-zeroth-law-
thermodynamics.html#:~:text=The%20Zeroth%20Law%20of
%20Thermodynamics%20states%20that%20if%20two
%20bodies,in%20equilibrium%20with%20each
%20other.&text=This%20says%20in%20essence%20that,are
%20all%20the%20same%20temperature.
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Bo
ok%3A_University_Physics_(OpenStax)/Map
%3A_University_Physics_II_-
_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/01
%3A_Temperature_and_Heat/1.02%3A_Temperature_and_The
rmal_Equilibrium
https://www.scribd.com/document/431071686/Lab-report-
First-Law-of-Thermodynamics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics