POLYTECHNIC UNGKU OMAR

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
LABORATORY

DJJ30093 – ENGINEERING MECHANICS

PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

Lecturer’s Name:

Group Members:
Name: Reg. No.
1) KHUGANESAN A/L SUBRAMONEY 16DKM19F2018
2) VISAL A/L RAKUNATAN 16DKM19F2014
3) NUR HAFNI BINTI ISHAK 16DKM19F2004
4) NUR ZULAIKHA BINTI KAMARUZAMAN 16DKM19F2016

COORDINATED BY:
CURRICULUM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

TITTLE: PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

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OBJECTIVES:
To show the principle of conservation of energy

INFERENCES:
1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another form.
The total energy in the universe is constant.
2. Gravitational potential energy,

3. Kinetic energy,

HYPOTHESIS:
The gravitational potential energy, will be transform to kinetic energy and the magnitude of the
gravitational potential energy will be equal to the magnitude of kinetic energy, .

APPARATUS:
1. Friction compensated runway
2. Trolley
3. Ticker timer 50Hz
4. 12V AC Power supply
5. Slotted mass
6. Pulley
7. Ruler 1 m
8. Carbonized ticker tape
9. Cellophane tape
10. Polystyrene sheet/ soft board
11. Inextensible string
12. Electronic balance
13. Wooden block

PROCEDURE:
1. Measure the mass of the trolley, m1 and slotted mass, m2 by using electronic balance.
2. Set up apparatus as shown in Figure 4.
3. Attach one end of the ticker tape to the back of the trolley and the other end is passed through
the ticker timer.
4. Tie one end of the string to the trolley and the other end to the slotted mass. (The string must
pass through the pulley).
5. Measure the height, h of the slotted mass from the soft board/polystyrene sheet by using a
ruler.
6. Switch on the ticker timer and release the trolley, so the slotted mass falls and the trolley is
pulled along the runway.
7. Measure the length, l of the last 10 dot strips of the ticker tape. Calculate the final velocity, v of
the slotted mass and trolley.
8. Calculate potential energy, EP and kinetic energy, EK and record in Table 4.

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DATA: Table 4

1. Mass of the trolley, m1 0.16 kg

2. Mass of the slotted mass, m2 0.4 kg
3. Height of slotted weight before released 0.5 m
4. Gravitational potential energy of the slotted
weight, (0.4)(2)(9.81)(0.5)
= 3.924 J
5. Length of the last 10 dot strips, l 55.5 cm
0.555 m
6. Time of the 10 dot strips, t 0.2 s
7. v= 0.555/0.2
Final velocity of trolley and weight, =2.775 m/s
8. Kinetic energy of the trolley and the slotted weight, EK= ½ (0.16+0.4)(2.775)2
= (0.28)(2.775)2
= 2.156 J

9. Loss of energy, EP - EK 3.924 - 2.156

= 1.786 J

ANALYSIS:
1. State the law of conservation of energy.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed-only converted form of energy to another.This means that a system
always has the same amount of energy,unless it’s added from the outside.This is
particularly confusing in the case of non-conservations forces,where energy is
converted from mechanical energy into thermal energy,but the mechanical energy
into thermal energy,but the overall energy does remain the same.The only wat to
use energy is to transform energy from one form to another.

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2. State the energy changes that involved in the experiment.
Potential energy to kinetic energy
3. Is the value of gravitational potential energy, EP is the same value as kinetic energy, EK?
Explain why?

NO, potential energy is energy stored in an object due to its position or

arrangement. Kinetic energy is of an object due to its movement –its motion. All
types of energy can be transformed onto other types of energy. This after for
potential and kinetic energy as well.

CONCLUSION:
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be create or destroyed.
Energy may change from one form of energy to another and even friction does not
destroy energy but converts it into thermal energy. Energy conversation palys an
important role in saving nonrenewable energy resources. Furthermore, non-
renewable energy sources take many centuries to regenerate. Moreover, humans
consume energy at a faster rate than it can be produced. Therefore, energy
conservation would lead to the preservation of these precious non-renewable
sources of energy.

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