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Senior Profiles pg. 2 Supreme Court Decision pg.

Tumultuous Ticket Quandary pg. 5 Goodbye Late Starts pg. 8

MAY 2009
The Bolt EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL
thebolt.dearbornschools.org

DEARBORN, MI

Can You Hear Me Now?


A
By CAMERON SHANE
s the entire they’ve been stricter about being able to text in class, but that students don’t completely
school should phones lately because every- I think it’s good that we’re understand the obviousness of
one still uses them anyway, not allowed to because it’s a their actions.
know by now, and people aren’t going to pay huge distraction sometimes “Kids drive me crazy with
teachers and administra- attention one way or another, and I think my grades, and my their cell phones because they
tion alike have recently however I have found myself parents, appreciate any extra think that they are all slick
started cracking down on to be less likely to pull out concentration on my work,” when they have them out,
students for their usage my phone just to check a text said Brianna Ca- but teachers
because I don’t want my par- ruso, 9.
of cell phones and mp3 ents to have to come in to get With students
“Taking someone’s know they’re
what

players during school it back for me,” said Brandon nearly all on the phone away brings doing,”
hours. Evans, 10. same side, the
Their pursuit to ban such Many students have shown opposing force
me joy because said Mrs.
Schuck.
electronics from being even the feelings similar to Evans, and is clearly the kids think they can What
slightest bit visible has resulted one sophomore offered an un- teachers. But how the future
in many students taking ex- likely solution to the predica- do they really
do whatever they holds for
treme caution before popping ment. feel about phones want...” cell phones
in ear buds or checking a text “I use my Zune and my cell and mp3 players and mp3
message at the risk of having phone almost every second in school? One math teacher players at school is uncertain,
their beloved electronics taken I can in all of my classes, made her opinion loud and as it cannot be known whether
away and submitted to the but I think that the best way clear. teachers with continue their
office. to stop students from using “I agree with our policy stand against electronics, or
“I think it’s stupid that them would be to say that we because using phones during just become apathetic with the
can use them because then I school is a distraction, and it upcoming summer break.
wouldn’t feel like I have to detracts from the learning pro- A tenth grader blames the
disobey,” said Alejandro cess. Taking someone’s phone teachers less than appeal-
Pardo, 10. away brings me joy because ing classes for the continued
As displayed by Evans kids think they can do what- problem, and offers yet another
and Pardo’s comments, an ever they want and break the unlikely solution to this issue.
overwhelming portion of rules without getting caught, “If school was more fun
students are in protest with and that makes it fun to see no one would have a reason to
the newly reinforced rules, them get in trouble,” said Ms. bring an iPod and that would
however one student has O’Rourke. solve the school’s problem.
managed to find light at As expected, O’Rourke I only take mine out when
the end of the tunnel. was not the only teacher who I’m bored and I think it’s the
“I don’t necessar- had something to say about same for everyone else, and it
ily like not cell phones being used couldn’t be that hard for teach-
during school. New ers to add more fun activities
to the school, this his- into their lesson plans,” said
tory teacher believes Craig Henderson, 10.
Features
MAY 2009 EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 2

Congratulations
By HANAN MURSHED

W
here do you see yourself after college or even after high school?
Edsel Ford has a handful of seniors who are off to an amazing start in life. This doesn’t mean it’s too late for anyone
else. The Bolt wants to recognize these hardworking 2009 Thunderbirds. Congratulations to the class of 2009 graduates and
remember Go Thunderbirds!
Name & Age Kim Mattern, 17
GPA 3.0
College Attending Western Michigan University
in the Fall
Chosen Major Theater or video editing because I enjoy musical the-
and Why ater and being on stage but besides that, I love filming
Name & Age Laila Ali, 18
and taking different clips and putting them together in
GPA 3.99 a movie. The finished project is editing. Entertaining
College Attending Wayne State University people is a great thing to do for the world when the
in the Fall world is in such a bad state.

Chosen Major Biology leading to a degree in pharmacy; I like chem- Role Model Anyone who has the guts and patience to make it to
and Why istry and biology and I wanted a job in the medical Broadway (it’s not easy!)
field. Words to Live By “Sometimes it’s just good to tilt your head to the right
Role Model My family has inspired me throughout my educa- gaze off into the distance and let your mind go.” -J.D.
tional career and I believe that their confidence in me from the T.V. show Scrubs
is what helped shaped the individual I am today.
Words to Live By “It is better to look ahead and prepare than to look
back and regret.”- Jackie Kersee
Advice to under- Don’t slack off and take advantage of all the oppor-
classmen tunities Edsel has to offer because in the end it will
pay off.
Name & Age Anese Yaffai, 17
GPA 4.0
College Attending University of Michigan Dearborn
in the Fall
Chosen Major Pre Med so I can help others, it’s highly encouraged
and Why by many, and it’s a field that is always growing and
needs more people.
Name & Age Annika Doner, 18
Role Model My parents because they push me to do my bes and
GPA 4.23 taught me what I need to know to be successful.
College Attending University of Michigan Ann Arbor Words to Live By La ilaha ilallah, Muhammed rasool allah which
in the Fall means there’s no God but one and Muhammed is
Chosen Major Environmental Science because I want to help keep God’s prophet.
and Why the Earth clean and clean up all the damage humans Advice to under- Always have an open mind.
have done. classmen
Role Model Franklin D. Roosevelt, he did what he thought would
help the country through it toughest times, even when
the Republicans tried to stop him.
Words to Live By “It’s hard to make decisions when you know what
your values are.“ -Roy Disney
Advice to under- Get ready to apply for colleges and scholarships. It’s a
classmen ton of work but it may be worth it it.
MAY 2009
Features EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 3

Class of 2009! C
Name & Age Mary Clutter, 17
GPA 4.1
College Attending University of Chicago (where the fun goes to die!)
in the Fall
Chosen Major Mathematics with a premed intent because math is
and Why the only thing I’m good at and I’m really interested in
diseases and alternative medicines.
Role Model Dr. Temperance Brennan from the T.V. shoe Bones
because she is ridiclously smart and nerdy and she’s Name & Age Megan Filipowski, 17
the best in her field. GPA 4.02
Words to Live By “Where do masters find their apprentices? College Attending Spring Arbor University
Not on CraigsList...I checked.” -Dr. Sweets from in the Fall
Bones
Chosen Major Professional Writing; I want to use my gift of words to
“I don’t know what that means.” -Dr. Temperance
and Why benefit others and share my experiences with the world.
Brennan from Bones
I feel that I connect better with people through the things
Advice to under- If you want to have to do when you have to do it, a I write and maybe one thing I say will have an impact on
classmen time will come when you can do what you want when someone somewhere.
you want to do it.
Role Model My mother and grandmother. They are both strong women
and have always been there for me. They’ve showed me
what hard work can accomplish and that no goal is out of
reach. They remind me that I can always reach the stars.
Words to Live By “Never let the fear of striking out keep you from playing
the game.” -Babe Ruth
Take risks, you can’t steal second with your foot on first.
Do more than talk, say something.
Advice to under- Don’t be afraid to be yourself because you’ll find the
classmen people that will walk with you in your journey through high
school and maybe beyond. As Dr. Suess says, “Be yourself
and express your true feelings because those who mind
don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind.”
Name & Age Cindy Wan, 17
GPA 4.17
College Attending University of Michigan Ann Arbor
in the Fall
Chosen Major Biomedical Engineering because I’m intrigued by the idea of developing
and Why new medical technologies, and I’m choosing to take advantage of my
gift in math.
Role Model My grandma. She put herself through college and beat down those who
stood in her way of success.
Words to Live By No matter what your mom tells you, you are not the best and you are not
the most amazing person in the world. Learn to make the most of what
you are and prove to yourself that you deserve to be in this world.

Advice to under- Honestly, you are going to end up working for a high school nerd one
classmen day. No one gives a crap how cool you think you are now if you’re go-
ing to end up living in a van down by the river
Sports
MAY 2009 EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 4

Softball Hits It Out of the Park


T
By LORI BOETTGER
his The first home game on the new field
year’s was victorious for the Thunderbirds,
var- beating Crestwood 9-6. That game only
sity softball marked the beginning of the season; there
team is off to are still many games to play at home to
a good start; break in the new field.
having a new There are five returning seniors,
coach and a Katrina Koehn, Stephanie Greeson, Holly
new field has Tebelman, Annika Doner, and Danielle
not set them Boettger. There are also some returning
back one bit. juniors on the team including Lori Boett-
The var- ger and Sarah Irish. Finally, there is one
2009 Varsity Softball Team sity softball returning sophomore, Lauren Johnson.
team’s new coach, Mike Moyer, has formerly coached the varsity “It’s different with a new coach, but
baseball team at Ypsilanti and is now a teacher at Lowery Middle we are learning a lot and it is paying off
School. in the field,” said Katrina Koehn, 12.
The girls have played ten games with a record of 5-5, beating For the most up-to-date scores and
Crestwood twice, Redford Thurston, Romulus, and Annapolis. highlights, see http://thebolt.dearborn- Senior captain Katrina
They lost to Redford Union, Romulus, Taylor Kennedy, Wood- schools.org. Koehn pitches the ball
haven, and Melvindale.

To Play or Not to Play?


M
By MICHELLE GAEDKE
any high school courses if they wish to play are different periods through- National Letter of Intent.
athletes hope to Division II. Next, students out the year when an athlete The truth is, not everyone
eventually play at must meet the GPA require- can be contacted. Coaches are has the opportunity to play
the college level. Continu- ment. The GPA of Division also restricted on the amount sports at the college level. To
ing to compete in athletics in I athletes follows the sliding of phone calls they have the best chance
college begins in high school scale provided by the Clearing- are allowed, at making it, it is
with academics, and it is very house and GPA for Division II however, important to
important to be eligible to play. athletes must be at least a 2.0. prospective first meet all
The National Collegiate Athletes must receive a quali- athletes can the academic
Athletic Association (NCAA) fying score for either the ACT call coaches require-
Clearinghouse is set up to or SAT, which is also shown at any time. ments. After
provide guidelines and to on the sliding scale. Lastly, all Next it is this take the
ensure that all potential college college-bound athletes must important to initiative.
athletes meet the requirements. complete a questionnaire and take visits to Many excel-
So what does it take to receive amateurism certifica- college cam- lent athletes
be eligible? First, all ath- tion. puses. Athletes are overlooked
letes must graduate from After fulfilling all of the are allowed up to because they do not
high school. Students must academic requirements, the five official visits and as ask questions, do research,
complete at least 16 courses next step is understanding the many unofficial visits as they and contact colleges.
approved by the Clearinghouse recruiting process. College like. After making a decision,
if they wish to play at the coaches have strict rules, and the final step of recruitment
Division I level and at least 14 depending on the sport, there is committing by signing the
Editorials
MAY 2009 EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 5

Seven Just Won’t Cut It


Has this year’s senior class paid too high of a price for previous miscues?
By LAUREN VALLEE—EDITORIAL

C
ongratulations, mencement ceremonies, two of friends who happen to be un- limos and skip class.
class of 2009! which I attended, to see both derclassmen. A recent bulletin in the
We are graduating of my cousins graduate in ’06 How does the administra- school announcements specifi-
June 6! I hope your families and ’08. tion expect us to choose? I cally stated that “Senior Dress-
weren’t planning on traveling According to Mr. Jaafar, cannot even imagine explain- Up Day” during Spirit Week
from across the country to see the decision to re-vamp com- ing to my cousin why she’ll was “NOT a Pride Day.” I’m
you walk at commencement, mencement was made to create be left out of my graduation. sure the rest of the senior class
because chances are, seven a more intimate, tight-knit Perhaps it would go something appreciated that wonderfully
tickets for your entire family atmosphere for our ceremony. like, “Sorry, but even though helpful clarification as much
might just be insufficient—bet- Also, during the commence- I got to see you walk last year as I did. In case anybody was
ter tell the rest to stay home. ment of ’07, a fence was bro- at DHS, you don’t get to come confused, the instructions were
Instead of having an open ken by a large group of people, to my commencement because to dress up, but have NO pride.
graduation ceremony, seniors and since less people will be you didn’t quite make the list Also, on “Senior Picture
will be limited to seven tickets attending the ’09 ceremony, of who gets a ticket. But hey, Day” earlier in the year,
per student, and anyone want- it will be easier for security you’re still invited to my grad the class of ’09 missed out
ing to attend the ceremony will guards and the police force to party, so that makes up for it, on breakfast and flowers, a
need a ticket to get in. These control the crowd. right?!” luxury that former seniors got
tickets are interchangeable; for I share Mr. Jaafar’s senti- The commencement fiasco to enjoy. The class of ’09 took
example, if a senior only has ment that commencement is yet another example of how money out of their own class
three family members attend- should be a dignified and the class of 2009 gets to fund to purchase these items,
ing, they can give their other formal affair, free of riffraff continue to pay for previous in honor of the upperclass-
four tickets away to a friend, with air horns and obnoxious classes’ mistakes. men… It would have been nice
etc. noisemakers, along with those We witnessed it in the fall, to have the favor returned.
This year, the layout for who have no reason to attend when the leadership program Our class has become
the commencement ceremony other than to cause trouble. was cut thanks to the blatant the victim of circumstances
will be radically different However, by limiting seniors abuse of privileges by previous beyond our control, and I
than previous years. For the to seven tickets per family, we years’ officers, and our class ardently refuse to accept the
graduation ceremonies of enter into a Faustian bargain officers were forced to plan “this is what happened last
’06 and ’07, graduates were whose moral consequences fundraisers and school pride time we did this” excuse that
seated facing the goalposts, clearly outweigh the benefits. events outside of school. our administrators are so fond
with the stage situated roughly Students will have to The last pep rally we had of. I understand that a small
in the end zone nearest to the choose who from their family was limited to only the fresh- percentage of people tend to
school. Family and friends and circle of friends they will man class and Link Crew ruin things for the rest of us;
could choose to sit in either the be able to invite, which in leaders, since eggs have been however, I was not responsible
home or away bleachers, and some cases will tear families thrown and fights have broken for the destruction of a fence in
anybody was free to attend. apart. I have a relatively small out at previous rallies. 2007, and now my family and
For the class of ’09 com- immediate family, but still an- We also experienced dis- my fellow classmates are being
mencement, seating will be ticipate issues with the number crimination when we were no punished for it. Whether or not
limited to the home bleach- of tickets we’re allotted. After longer allowed a true Senior this was the intention of the
ers only, with the stage in the a tally of who needs to be Pride Day, and had to re-name new ticket-limiting stipulation,
center, and graduates seated invited, I am still at least one it “Senior Picture Day,” and it is simply reality.
facing the stands, flanking the ticket short, not even including “Senior Dress-Up Day,” since
stage. This setup is similar to my extended family, several previous seniors thought it Continued on pg. 7
that of Dearborn High’s com- pairs of aunts and uncles, and would be a smart idea to rent
MAY 2009
Editorials EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 6

By GABBY TOUPIN
Got Prayer?
I
n a recent Supreme Court hearing the court decided that it would be unconstitutional for Coach Marcus Borden, a New Jersey high
school football coach, to take part in a silent, student lead prayer with his team.
This decision is shortsighted because religion is everywhere and many people don’t feel the need to hide their religious beliefs
when they are in public.

PRO
Borden has been fighting this ban on team prayer since November 2005 when Borden and
his attorney Ronald Riccio filed a federal lawsuit arguing that the school district’s regulations
were too strict. In 2006 a district court judge ruled that the school district’s rules were uncon-
stitutional, but in 2008 the decision was reversed. When Riccio asked the Supreme Court to
review the court decision they declined to hear Borden’s appeal.
Since the prayers were being led by the students and not the coach, it proves that most stu-
dents hadn’t been uncomfortable in this situation. Knowing that Coach Borden has been doing this with his team for 26 years allowed
the students to know his reputation and what the normal pre-game
By ALYSSA GIRARDI

R
rituals would be. Students trying out for the team had to be aware that
the team participated in pre-game prayers and factor that into their ecently, the Supreme Court forbade a high school
decision to try out. football coach from pre-game prayer with his team
The Supreme Court may have found this issue to be unconstitutional due to the ban of religion in public schools. The de-
because of religious promotion, but how can that be when nothing cision to rule this case unconstitutional was accurate because
was being said out loud? These prayers were silent; no student was prayer should remain a private act in public places such as
declaring the whole team’s prayer to any specific higher being. The schools.
students all had the chance to direct their thoughts and prayers to their Coach Marcus Borden declared that disallowing him to
own “god” or to not even pray at all and sit in the silence. No student- pray with his team was infringing his first amendment right
athlete was being forced to take part in prayer, nor were they being to free speech. However, the courts turned the situation
told who or what to believe in. Since students were not being forced to around, saying that what Borden was doing is considered
worship a specific god or religious figure, by their coach, why are they religious endorse-

CON
banned from taking this time out with their team to have a moment of ment.
Richard Katskee,
silence before a game?
an attorney for the
Americans United
for Separation of
Church and State,
told HighSchool-
Sports.nj.com, “Children have a clear right to attend public
schools without religious pressures being brought to bear by
school personnel.”
Regardless of the beliefs of players and coaches, the val-
ues of these people should be reserved strictly for personal
life. In 2005, a few Jewish players on Borden’s team com-
plained to the superintendent about the uncomfortable ritual.
These boys should be granted the right to engage in sports
without having to be put into the uneasy situation of praying
as a group.
Coach led prayer is clearly not only unconstitutional,
but morally incorrect, and the Supreme Court is justified
in refusing to revisit the case of New Jersey football coach
Cartoon from www.blogspot.com, unknown author Marcus Borden.
MAY 2009
Editorials EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 7

By ALEX SYTEK
The End is Near...
I
t seems Detroit has taken a break from other major independent labels. instance, are prime examples of do-it-
music. Since Iggy and the Stooges, Worst case scenario in my mind, this yourself labels popping up in Michigan to
since MC5, since Motown, Detroit leads to a chain reaction of self-destruct- showcase the weird, the noisy, and those
has never really led any sort of musical ing independent record labels throughout you wouldn’t hear otherwise. Homemade
revolution, and with everyone’s focus on the eastern U.S. But I’m going to take the tapes and CD-Rs created by local artists
our economic crisis, many aren’t giving optimistic (and realistic) perspective and from our own communities are reaching
our cultural crisis a second glance. say that as long as we’re listening, they’re all over the continent thanks to the likes of
Corey Rusk announced Feb. 18 that going to keep recording. So let’s look at labels like these.
his record label, Chicago’s Touch and Go the other way this could turn. Thanks to the internet, people any-
Records, is going on an where are able to write
official hiatus until further and record their own
notice. The name may not music right from their
sound all too familiar, but own home if they like,
Touch and Go Records and thanks to this
has been an influential dis- do-it-yourself mental-
tributor in the Midwest for over 20 years, Losing one independent record label ity the inspiration is perpetual. Although
propelling independent music from in and is not signaling the death of indie music it’s probably safe to say that most of these
around Michigan. Bands ranging from altogether. If anything, this noble sacrifice artists won’t be flying in private jets and
anyone between MTV’s favorite new act is feeding the underground wave of do- sipping champagne anytime soon, that’s
TV on the Radio and short-lived Detroit it-yourself production that is flooding the not necessarily the primary goal for most
hardcore punk band Negative Approach internet. All over the world, the country, of these artists. But who am I to say who
have all made their mark through the and even Michigan right now are do-it- will make it and who won’t? As a matter
Touch and Go name. But what does this yourself labels and distributors who focus of fact, just a mere 20 years ago Touch
mean for the rest of the Midwest? Being on promoting local and obscure artists. AA and Go Records itself started out only as
a leading distributor, the halting of Touch Records of Detroit, and Hanson Records a few friends photocopying fanzines and
and Go directly affects the progress of and American Tapes of Ann Arbor, for bootlegging their first live shows.

‘09 Suffers, Tickets Don’t Suffice continued from pg. 5


By LAUREN VALLEE — EDITORIAL
I have attended every the time, because it was held graduates that explain my you find yourselves with any
graduation I could since I was indoors at U of M Dearborn. desire to attend the previous extra tickets, feel free to send
a freshman here at Edsel Ford. Students had only six tickets commencement ceremonies. them my way. Underclassmen,
I have friends whose siblings per family given the change It’s about respect for those who if you find yourselves without
graduated in ’06, had friends in venue, since our field was have gone before me and com- a ticket, I don’t blame you for
of my own graduate in ’07, and under construction at the time. pleted their high school years. considering the alternative of
unfortunately did not get to I’m still trying to wrap my It’s about school pride. Watch- hopping the fence.
see the class of ’08 walk since head around why we have to ing the seniors become
I did not have a ticket to the hand out tickets for admission graduates of Edsel Ford
ceremony. into our brand new outdoor High School is just some-
However, limiting attendees stadium. thing that the underclassmen
at the ‘08 commencement was But it’s not just my own need to be a part of.
a reasonable concession at personal connections to the So, my fellow ‘09ers, if
Current Events
MAY 2009 EDSEL FORD HIGH SCHOOL PAGE 8

Quiet for a Lacking


STAFF 2009
The Mice Slayer: Rydzik
Editors-in-Chief:

Late Starts
Megan Filipowski, Lauren

Day
Vallee
Copy Editor:
Deanna Suleiman
Managing Editor:
Lindsay Finnerty
By MAY ASKAR

L
By MIKENZIE FROST

S
Sports Editor:
ate start has recently ended and that means Amber Kolts
ilence is usually something that is as- goodbye to sleeping in on Wednesdays. Layout/Web Design:
sociated with school, but on this day, it Late start originally began at Fordson Donovan Golich, Scott Werth
Seniors:
is anything but usual. High School and there are other schools who partici- Rana Alhadi, Mike Boettger,
On April 24, students took a stand for what they pate in late start throughout other districts for differ- Haley Bowers, Michelle
believed in by participating in the Day of Silence, ent reasons. Gaedke, Cedrick Gulley, Ka-
a student-led national event that brings attention to So what is the exact reason for late start? It was fah Hussein, Andrew Lyon,
Bianca Osbourne, Allison
anti-lesbian, started so that teachers could hold their meetings in Petlichkoff, Alex Sytek, Nina
gay, bisexual, the morning. But will it continue next year? Most Toupin
and transgender say that it probably will. Juniors:
“I feel more relaxed on late starts, I don’t have Danielle Aguirre, Lori
name calling, Boettger, Safa Kaid, Mariam
bullying and to worry about getting up early and being late to Mohamed, Cari Moore, Emily
harassment in class,” says Jamila Mothana, 10. Moreno, Gabby Toupin
schools. Late starts could be used for a variety of things. Sophomores:
For example, you could use late starts for extra Jeff Abdullah, May Askar,
The Day of Mikenzie Frost, Alyssa Gi-
Silence started study time, tutoring, eating a good breakfast, and of rardi, Dakota Joseph, Hanan
in 1996 and has course catching up on your sleep. Murshed, Chelsea Ravasani-
been practiced at The disadvantages of late start are that some Asl, Cameron Shane, Jesse
students are even reluctant to go to their first hour Shupe, Sara Yaffai
Edsel for three
years. It has classes on late start. Other times, students are com-
ing into their MISSION
turned into the
STATEMENT
largest student- morning classes
later than usual. The Bolt staff is committed
led national to bring the Edsel Ford stu-
event in the “I don’t
dent body and administration
United States. dislike late newsworthy articles that will
Students at Edsel starts, it’s a good educate, inform and entertain
opportunity for in a reliable and timely fash-
usually stay ion while maintaining the
silent throughout the teachers to
district wide core values and
the whole day, but other students talk during class, and collaborate, it’s contributing to the overall
stay silent during breaks, such as lunch and passing only going to get pride of our school.
time. more efficient
EDITORIAL POLI-
“I do the day of Silence to show my support of les- over time,” says
CY FOR LETTERS
bian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people and protest Mr. Schleif.
“I love late starts,” says Mohamad Farhat, 10. TO THE EDITOR
the oppression against them,” states Molly Mentor, 10.
To break the silence, students participated in a The Bolt welcomes your
special Breaking of the Silence Ceremony after school. opinions on stories or
editorials featured within
They met in a big circle and talked at once. Then the the paper. The editorial staff
students moved to Ford Field where they shared their reserves the right to print
experiences throughout the day, enjoyed food, and and edit letters. Authors
watched various performances. of edited letters must be
verified before consider-
“People need to realize that they have to be accept- ation for final printing.
ing of other people in the world. The Day of Silence is a good way to bring attention to all the people that get Anonymous letters will not
mistreated in school and out of school,” exclaims Bruce Brown, 10. be accepted.

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