TVL-AFA-Agricultural Crops Production

Learning Area Grade Level Twelve

W6 NC II
Quarter Four Date

I. LESSON TITLE Carrying out harvest and postharvest operations (LO 3. Perform post-harvest
operation)
TLE_AFAACP9-12CHPO-IIIj-IVa-h-32
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING 3.2 Monitor postharvest equipment to avoid damage to crops in line with
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) manufacturer/enterprise procedures.
3.4 Store and stack crops in cool dry place prior to distribution in line with enterprise
procedures.
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT  Postharvest equipment
- Monitoring of postharvest equipment to avoid damage to harvest
 Stacking ad storage of crops

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 90 minutes)

Presentation
From your previous lesson, postharvest handling and operations were discussed. You already knew that postharvest operations varies,
with regards on the type of crops (fruits and vegetable). Before moving with new topic please answer Learning Task 1 as a review.
Learning Task 1: Enumeration:
Direction: List at least five (5) possible answer for the following;
A. Postharvest Operations in Fruits 1-5
B. Postharvest Operations in Vegetables 6-10

After going through with new lesson, you will be able to named different postharvest equipment and identify their uses. Likewise
you will going to determine how to store and stack properly the produce, to prevent them from bruises, cracks etc.

Postharvest Equipment
Equipment used in the post-harvest handling of produce varies widely according to the specific crop, its intended use, the nature of
any particular enterprise and the point that produce has reached within the post-harvest handling system.
Example of Postharvest Equipment
1. Power drive corn thresher machine- recommended for corn maize threshing due to its multiple advantages, such as high threshing
efficiency, low investment, low operation cost, easy to move, multiple power choice.
- has an additional advantages of simultaneous winnowing and cleaning
2. Grain thresher machine – used for millet, sorghum, soybeans, small bean, corn maize threshing. This thresher machine is more efficient
and have more service life, which can drive by electric motor, diesel or petrol engine.
3. Grain cleaner machine – can separate chaff, dust, stone from grain. The capacity from hundred kilograms to several tons per hour. It is
much useful and not depending on natural wind.
4. Peanut sheller machine - a kinfd of postharvest equipment which is used to removed hard shell and get clean peanut seed.
5. Grain mill machine – is a very essential tools used for corn, rice, wheat, beans grinding. It can also used on grinding herbs such as red
chillies, black pepper, white pepper, cinnamon, dry cassava root etc.
6. Grass shopper machine/hay making machine – also called chaff cutter machine, widely used in cutting forage grass, fresh or dry corn
stalk, rice straw etc.
7. Hot water treatment machine -
https://youtu.be/GjljuV5p-6w
8. Sorter- use tor sorting damage produce
9. Weighing scale – used to weigh the produce goods.
Stacking and Storing of crops

Harvested grains are usually dried before being stored because moisture encourages the growth of microorganisms. They are
then stored in metal or earthen containers, gunny bags or grain silos. The godowns where grains are stored are first fumigated to get rid of pests.

Storage
Different vegetables need different storage conditions. Temperature and humidity are the main storage factors to consider.
There are three combinations for long-term storage:
1. cool and dry (50-60°F and 60% relative humidity),
2. cold and dry (32-40°F and 65% relative humidity), and
3. cold and moist (32-40°F and 95% relative humidity).

For cold conditions, 32°F is the ideal temperature. This temperature is not easy to attain in most homes. Expect shortened
shelf-lives for your vegetables as storage conditions deviate from the ideal temperature. This shortening of their life span can be up to 25
percent for every 10°F increase in temperature.
Basements are generally cool and dry. If storing vegetables in basements, provide your vegetables with some ventilation.
Harvested vegetables are not dead, but they still "breathe" and require oxygen to maintain their high quality. Protect them from rodents.
Home refrigerators are generally cold and dry (40°F and 50-60% relative humidity). This is fine for long-term storage of garlic
and onions, but not much else. Putting vegetables in perforated plastic bags in the refrigerator will provide cold and moist conditions, but
only for a moderate amount of time. Unperforated plastic bags often create too much humidity, which leads to condensation and growth of
mold or bacteria.
Root cellars provide cold and moist conditions. As with basements, provide ventilation and protection from rodents when storing
vegetables in cellars. You can use materials such as straw, hay or wood shavings for insulation. If using such insulation, make sure that it is
clean and not contaminated with pesticides.
Some vegetables, such as cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes, require cool (55°F) and moist storage. These conditions are difficult
to maintain in a typical home. Expect to keep vegetables requiring cool and moist storage conditions for only a short period .

Storage in Bags
- This method consists of conserving dried and cleaned grain in bags made of plant fibre or plastic, and neatly stacking the bags in
carefully prepared areas.
- This method is little used in developed countries but is widespread in developing countries. It is economical and well-adapted to local
grain-transport and marketing conditions.
There are several ways of storing grain in bags. The bags of grain can be stacked out-of-doors under tarpaulins, or placed inside
storehouses, sheds or warehouses.
- Sometimes, especially for seeds, grain is stored in bags in refrigerated warehouses.
Outdoor storage
These are storage systems in which the bags are not stacked in solidly constructed buildings. The main systems of open-air storage are:
 storage in pyramids,
 storage in flexible silos.
The advantage of these systems is that they can be set up quickly and fairly easily. For this reason they are generally used when storage needs are
specific and urgent.
 Storage in pyramids
- This system is often used for short-term storage in dry areas. It consists of stacking bags pyramids on platforms that can be protected
in case of bad weather.
- The platforms on which the bags are stacked must effectively protect the grain against termite attacks.
This technique is frequently used for groundnut storage .
Storage in flexible silos
- Storage in flexible silos is often used for setting up a security reserve and is very similar to storage in pyramids.
- The main difference is the greater complexity of the storage facility.
- A flexible silo is made of a concrete platform, generally circular in shape. Walls of galvanized screening about 2.5 metres high are
erected around it and the inner walls lined with a thick film of plastic. On the outside, about 50 cm from the walls, galvanized metal
sheets about 1 m high surround the silo to protect the grain from rodent attacks.
D. Development (Time Frame: 20 minutes)
Learning Task 2: Matching Type
Direction: Read the item in Column A. Select the terms in column B that could best fit in the description in column
A. Write the letter of the correct answer on a clean sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1.It is recommended for corn maize threshing due to its multiple advantages A.Storage in bags
2.Also called chaff cutter machine, widely used in cutting forage grass, B. Storage in pyramid
fresh or dry corn stalk, rice straw etc.
3. This method consists of conserving dried and cleaned grain in bags made C. Grass shopper
of plant fibre or plastic, and neatly stacking the bags in carefully prepared machine/hay making
areas machine
4. This system is often used for short-term storage in dry areas D. Outdoor storage
5. These are storage systems in which the bags are not stacked in solidly E. Power drive corn thresher
constructed buildings machine

E. Engagement (Time Frame: 30 minutes)

Learning Task 3: Essay
Direction: Read and answer the question carefully. Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.
1. What is postharvest operations?
2. How does it varies?
3. What is storage in bags?
4. What is flexible silos?
5. How does it differ from one another?

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 90 minutes)

Learning Task 4. Flash Card
Direction: With the use of google engine, old magazine and books, please search /look for the pictures of different
postharvest equipment . Then print/draw and cut and paste in a short bond paper with cardboard and
margin. Do not forget to write the description below the image of each equipment .
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
Quality of image 40
Properly Label 30
Creativity and Resourcefulness 30
Total 100
ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 25 minutes)
(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Learning Task 5: Modified True or False
Direction: Read the description carefully. Write Pre if the statement is correct and Post if incorrect, then write the word to
make the statement correct.
Write your answer in a clean sheet of paper.
1. _________________________ Equipment used in the post-harvest handling of produce varies widely according to the specific crop.
2. ________________________ Weighing scale is use tor sorting damage produce.
3. ________________________ Home refrigerators are generally cold and dry (40°F and 50-60% relative humidity).
4. ________________________ Flexible silon storing method is little used in developed countries but is widespread in developing
countries
5. _______________________ Home refrigerators are generally cold and dry (30°F and 40-50% relative humidity).
6. _______________________ Storage in bags are storage systems in which the bags are not stacked in solidly constructed buildings.
7. _______________________ A flexible silo is made of a concrete platform, generally circular in shape.
8. _______________________ Cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes, require cool (75°F) and moist storage
9. _______________________ Moisture encourages the growth of microorganisms.
10. _______________________ Putting vegetables in perforated plastic bags in the refrigerator will provide cold and moist
conditions, but only for a moderate amount of time

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: _________)

 Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column for
Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
 - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8

VII. REFERENCES Agricultural Crops Production: Intermediate; by 3G Elearning FZ LLC, copyright

@2016 by 3G Elearning FZ LLC
Google.com

Prepared by: Jorice B.Hari Checked by: Mary Grace M. Cabili

Teacher II Principal I