CONCORDIA COLLEGE KASUR

nd
2 YEAR
CHEMISTRY
QUESTIONS
BANK

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CONCORDIA COLLEGE KASUR
CHAPTER 1

SHORT QUESTIONS

1. Why size of cation is smaller while size of anion is greater than parent atom?
2. Why atomic radius decreases from left to right within period and increases from top to
bottom within a group?
3. What is lanthanide contraction?
nd st
4. Why 2 ionization energy is greater than 1 I.E.?
5. Why ionization energy decreases down the group and increases across a period?
nd
6. Why 2 electron affinity is shown with positive sign?
7. How melting points change across short periods?
8. Why diamond is non-conductor while graphite is conductor of electricity?
+3 +2 +1
9. The hydration energies of ions are in the following order; Al >Mg >Na .
Explain.
10. Justify that ZnO is an amphoteric in nature?
11. Why oxidation state of noble gases is zero?
12. Why metallic character increases down the group?

LONG QUESTIONS

1. Ionization energy
2. Electron affinity
3. Position of hydrogen
4. Atomic size
Q.1.
CHAPTER 2
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why limewater turns milky on passing CO2? What happens when excess of CO2 is
passed through limewater?
2. What is effect of heat on NaNO3 and LiNO3?
3. Why aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is basic in nature?
4. Write down three advantages of Down’s cell.
5. Why alkali and alkaline earth metals are the most reactive elements in periodic table?
6. Justify that BeO is amphoteric oxide.
7. What happens when lithium carbonate and sodium carbonate are heated and beryllium is
treated with caustic soda?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. Write down point regarding peculiar behavior of Beryllium from other family members.
Q.2. Write down point regarding peculiar behavior of lithium from other family members.
Q.3. Describe the diagram, the manufacturing of sodium by Down’s cell.
Q.4. Describe manufacture of sodium hydroxide by Nelson cell method.

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CHAPTER 3
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. How aluminium metal is used to remove air bubbles from molten metals?
2. Describe chemistry of borax bead test.
3. How does borax serve as water softening agent?
4. What is the effect of heat on orthoboric acid?
5. Why aqueous solution of borax is alkaline in nature?
Give uses of boric acid.
6. Why CO2 is non-polar in nature?
7. Why is CO2 acidic in nature?
8. Why CO2 is gas while SiO2 is solid in nature?
9. Why aluminium is not found as free element?
10. Write down uses of aluminium.
CHAPTER 4

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why phosphorous and other members of group VA show more than one oxidation
states?
2. Justify that NO acts as an oxidizing agent.
3. What is ring test?
4. Justify that sulphuric acid is dehydrating agent by writing two equations.
5. Show with two examples that HNO2 is strong reducing agent.
6. Write down reactions of HNO3 with Zn.
7. What is aqua regia? How it dissolves gold?
8. Write down two chemical reactions of NO in which it acts as reducing agent.
9. What is the basic principle of contact process?
10. Why is SO3 dissolved in H2SO4 but not in water?
11. Give four uses of nitric acid.
12. Give uses of sulphuric acid.
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. Discuss Birkeland Eyed process for manufacture of HNO3.
Q.2. Give eight points of similarities of oxygen and sulphur.
Q.3. Write contact process for the manufacturing of sulphuric acid.
of each.

Q.4. Write down the chemical equations when HNO3 reacts with:
(a) Copper (b) Manganese (c) NaOH (d) Zn
(b) Zn (b) Sn (c) Hg (d) Ag

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CHAPTER 5

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. How fluorine is different from others members of family?
2. What is disproportionation reaction?
3. Why fluorine is strong oxidizing agent than chlorine?
4. On what factors oxidizing power of halogens depends?
5. Why HF is weaker acid than HI?
6. How activity of bleaching powder is measured? Or What is available chlorine?
7. What happens when bleaching powder reacts with CO2, HCl and NH3?
8. What iodized salt?
9. Why iodine has metallic luster?
10. The acidic strength of the oxyacids of halogens increases with in number of oxygen
atoms. Why?
11. Describe Hasenclever’s method for the formation of bleaching powder.
12. Write uses of bleaching powder.
CHAPTER 6
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between typical and non-typical transition elements.
Why transition elements show variable oxidation states?
2. What is paramagnetism?
3. Define interstitial compounds.
4. Why transition metals are coloured?
5. Give IUPAC names of K4[Fe(CN)6] and [PtCl(NO2)(NH3)4]SO4.
6. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent. Justify giving examples.
7. How many unpaired electrons have Cr (24) and Ag (47).
Why does damaged tin plated iron get rusted quickly?
8. How does the process of galvanizing protect iron from rusting?
OR
What is sacrificial corrosion?
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. What is corrosion? Discuss electrochemical theory of corrosion.
Q.2. Give systematic name of following complexes.
2+
(i) [Fe(H2O) 6] (ii) K2[PtCl6]
(iii) K4[Fe(CN)6] (iv) [CO(NO2)6(NH3)3]
Q.3. Properties of transition elements.
Q.4. Distinguish between cathode coating and anode coating of iron.

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CHAPTER 7
SHORT QUESTIONS
’
1. What is the importance of Wohler s work in chemistry?
2. Define cracking. Write names of different types of cracking.
3. What is reforming?
4. Define heterocyclic compounds.
5. Define functional group. Write down three functional groups containing oxygen.
6. D efine isomerism with example.
Or
Write down isomers of C2H6O and pentane.
7. What is cis-tans isomerism?
8. Why is there free rotation around sigma bond but not around pi-bond?
9. Define tautomerism. Give example
10. What is metamerism? Give example
11. What is meant by peculiar behavior of carbon?
12. There is no cis-trans isomerism in 1-butene but 2-butene shows?
13. Define knocking? How it can be controlled?
LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. What is meant by hybridization? Give the structure of Methane, Ethane, Ethene and Ethyne.
Q.2. What is isomerism? Discuss positional isomerism and geometrical isomerism.
Q.3. How organic compounds are classified. Give suitable example of each type.
Q.4. Write a note on cracking and reforming of hydrocarbons.
CHAPTER 8
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Why sigma bonds are inert?
2. Describe Clemmenson and Wolf-Kishner reduction.
3 . Why alkanes are less reactive than alkenes and alkyne is more stable than alkene?
4 . What is Raney nickel and for what it is used?
5 . What is meant by mustard gas?
6. What is Lindlar catalyst? Where is it used?
7. How will you prepare cis and trans-2-butene?
8. State Markonikov rule.
9. How will you convert ethene into ethyl alcohol?
10. Write down industrial preparation of acetylene.
11. How will you convert acetic acid into methane?
1 2 .Write down the reaction of ethyne with alkaline KMnO4 solution. O r c o n v e r t
Ethyne into oxalic acid
13. Starting from ethyne, how will you prepare ethanal?
14. Write down the formula of vinyl bromide and isobutylene.
15. How methane is converted into formaldehyde?
16. How ethene is converted in to polythene?
17. What are different uses of methane?

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LONG QUESTIONS

Q.1. Explain Kolbe’s electrolytic method with mechanism for preparation of alkane alkene and
alkyne or ethane, ethene and ethyne.
Q.2. Explain free radical mechanism for the reaction of chlorine with methane in the
presence of sunlight.
Q.3. How will you distinguish among ethane, ethene and ethyne?
Q.4. Write a detail note on acidic nature of alkyne.
Q.5. What happens when ethyne is reacted with KMnO4, acidic water in HgSO4, NH3 and
HBr?
Q.6. What happens when ethene is reacted with KMnO4, O3, HBr and S2Cl2?
CHAPTER 9
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What are the results of X-ray studies of benzene molecule?
2. Define resonance and resonance energy.
3. Write two objections to Kekule formula of benzene.
4. Convert benzene into m-chloronitrobenzene.
5. Why benzene is less reactive than alkenes?
6. Convert benzene into p-chloronitrobenzene.
7. How benzene is converted into oxalic acid? O r oz o n o l y s i s o f b e n z e n e ?
8. How benzene is converted into benzoic acid?
9. Draw resonance structures of benzene.
10. What are monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
11. How hexane and heptane are converted into benzene and toluene respectively?
12. Write a reaction when mixture of benzene vapours and oxygen gas is passed over
vanadium pentoxide? Or how benzene can be converted into melic acid?
13. Write names and draw structures of three possible isomers of xylene..
14. What is Wurtz-Fittig reaction?
15. What are major products when chlorine reacts with toluene in the presence of
sunlight?

LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. Discuss orientation in electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene.
Q.2. What are Friedel- craft reactions of benzene? Or describe mechanism of acylation
and alkylation.
Q.3. Describe mechanism of nitration and alkylation.
Q.4. Explain structure of benzene on the basis of atomic orbital treatment.
Q.5. Explain mechanism of halogenation of benzene.
Q.6. Draw mechanism of sulphonation and nitration of benzene.

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CHAPTER 10
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define alkyl halides. Write down their classification.
2. What is best method for the preparation of alkyl halides?
3. Describe down Wurtz reaction.
4. Give best method for the preparation of alkyl iodide
5. Define electrophile and nucleophile.
6. What are leaving group and substrate?
7. Prepare ethyl thioalcohol and ethyl acetate from ethyl bromide.
8. How ethyl bromide reacts with aqueous and alcoholic KOH?
9. Prepare ethyl halide from ethyl alcohol by two methods.
10. Convert ethyl bromide into ethane.

LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. Write a detail note on compersion of E1 and E2 reaction?
Q.2. Prepare the followings using ethyl bromide as starting material.
(i) Ethane (ii) Ethene (iii) n-butane (iv) TEL
Q.3. Convert ethyl bromide into:
(i) Propane (ii) Ethyl cyanide (iii) Ethene (iv) Ethane
Q.4. What are SN-reactions? Differentiate between SN1 and SN2 reactions.
CHAPTER 11
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. How wood spirit is prepared from water gas?
2. Why alcohol obtained in fermentation process never exceeds 12 to 14%?
3. How ethyl alcohol is denatured?
4. How will you chemically differentiate between methanol and ethanol?
5. Ethyl alcohol is a liquid but ethyl chloride is gas. Why?
6. What is Lucas test for the distinction of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
7. Ethanol gives different products with sulfuric acid under different conditions. Give
reactions.
8. Why water has higher boiling points than ethanol?
9. Why phenol shows acidic behavior?
10. Convert phenol into Bakelite.
11. Convert phenol into picric acid.
12. Write down uses of ethanol and methanol.
13. How ethanol reacts with phosphorous halides?
14. Write uses of carbolic acid/phenol.
15. Write two methods for the preparation of phenol.

LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. How ethyl alcohol is obtained by fermentation of starch and molasses?
Q.2. Give two methods for preparation of phenol. How does phenol react with?
(i) conc. HNO3 (ii) conc. H2SO4
Q.3. Give chemical reactions of phenol with:

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(i) NaOH (ii) Zn dust (iii) CH3COCl (iv) conc. H2SO4
Q.4. Write the reactions of ethyl alcohol with:
(i) Na metal (ii) SOCl2 (iii) NH3 (iv) K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
Q.5. What is Dow’s method for preparation of phenol? Explain acidic behavior of phenol.

CHAPTER 12
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Write down industrial preparation of methanal, ethanal and acetone.
2. Write down laboratory preparation of methanal and ethanal.
3. Write down mechanism of addition of HCN to carbonyl compounds.
4. Differentiate between 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone.
5. Distinguish between methanal and ethanal.
6. Convert formaldehyde into metaformaldehyde.
7. Convert acetaldehyde into paraldehyde.
8. Write down uses of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
9. What is Tollen’s reagent? Where is it used?
10. What is Fehling solution test?
11. What is Benedict’s solution test?
1 2 . How lactic acid is prepared from ethanal?
13. How crotonaldehyde is prepared from ethanol/ acetaldehyde?
1 4 .Write reactions of phenyl hydrazine with acetaldehyde and acetone.
15. Write reactions of hydroxyl amine with ethanal and propanone. Or preparation of oxime

LONG QUESTIONS
Q.1. How does acetaldehyde react with the following reagent:
(i) CH3MgI (ii) NaHSO3 (iii) NH2–OH (iv)
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
(ii) NaBH4/H2O (ii) NH2-NH2 (iii) C2H5MgI (iv) HCN
Q.2. What is Aldol condensation reaction? Give its mechanism.
Q.3. Define Cannizarro’s reaction with two example.
Q.4. Describe the mechanism of the reaction of sodium bisulphite with acetone. Give
importance of this reaction.
Q.5. How 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones are prepared? Write mechanism of ammonia
derivative with carbonyl compound in general.
CHAPTER 13
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Convert 2-butene and methyl cyanide into acetic acid.
2. Give mechanism of esterification.
3. How acetic acid is converted into acetamide and acetyl chloride?
4. Write uses of acetic acid.
5. Describe reactions of carboxylic acids in which hydrogen atom of -COOH group is
involved.
6. Why carboxylic acids have high boiling points than alcohols?
a. Draw a dimer of carboxylic acid.
7. How acetic acid is converted into methane and acetic anhydride?
8. What happens when following compounds are heated?
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a. ammonium acetate, sodium formate and soda lime, calcium
acetate :
9. Convert acetic acid into ethanol and ethane.
10. Write down formula of tartaric acid and lactic acid.
11. W hat are aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids?
12. Prepare alcohol and alkane from carboxylic acid.
CHAPTER 15
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is a need for fertilizers?
2. What are essential chemical nutrient elements?
3. What are the qualities of good fertilizer?
4. Differentiate between micro and macro nuetrient?
5. What is the importance of nitrogen fertilizers?
6. What is the importance of potassium fertilizers?
7. What is clinker?
8. Define cement. Write down raw materials.
9. W hat is composition of Portland cement?
10. What are different zones of kiln in cement industry?
11. What is meant by setting of cement? Write down reactions taking place in 24 hours
and 1 to 7 days.
12. Why NH4NO3 is not useful in paddy rice fields?

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