Quiz no 2

Name :
Roll num:
Question :
when sources of emotions and moods are better then how employee creativity
enhances?
Answer:
Sources of Emotions and Moods:
Following are the sources of emotions and mood
Personality:
Moods and emotions have a trait component: most people have built-in tendencies
to experience certain moods and emotions more frequently than others do. People
also experience the same emotions with different intensities. Contrast Texas Tech
basketball coach Bobby Knight to Microsoft CEO Bill Gates. The first is easily
moved to anger, while the other is relatively distant and unemotional. Knight and
Gates probably differ in affect intensity, or how strongly they experience their
emotions. 33 Affectively intense people experience both positive and negative
emotions more deeply: when they’re sad, they’re really sad, and when they’re
happy, they’re really happy.
Day of the Week and Time of the Day:
Are people in their best moods on the weekends? As Exhibit 4-3shows, people
tend to be in their worst moods (highest negative affect and lowest positive affect)
early in the week, and in their best moods (highest positive affect and lowest
negative affect) late in the week. 34 What about time of the day? (See Exhibit 4-
4 .) We often think we are either “morning” or “evening” people. However, most
of us actually follow the same pattern. Regardless of what time we go to bed at
night or get up in the morning, levels of positive affect tend to peak at around the
halfway point between waking and sleeping. Negative affect, however, shows little
fluctuation throughout the day. What does this mean for organizational behavior?
Monday morning is probably not the best time to ask someone for a favor or
convey bad news. Our workplace interactions will probably be more positive from
midmorning onward and also later in the week.
Weather :When do you think you would be in a better mood—when it’s
70 degrees and sunny, or on a gloomy, cold, rainy day? Many people believe their
mood is tied to the weather. However, a fairly large and detailed body of evidence
conducted by multiple researchers suggests weather has little effect on mood. 35
One expert concluded, “Contrary to the prevailing cultural view, these data
indicate that people do not report a better mood on bright and sunny days (or,
conversely, a worse mood on dark and rainy days).” 36 Illusory correlation
explains why people tend to think nice weather improves their mood. It occurs
when people associate two events that in reality have no connection.
Stress: As you might imagine, stressful daily events at work (a nasty e-mail, an
impending deadline, the loss of a big sale, a reprimand from the boss) negatively
affect moods. The effects of stress also build over time. As the authors of one study
note, “a constant diet of even low-level stressful events has the potential to cause
workers to experience gradually increasing levels of strain over time.” 37
Mounting levels of stress can worsen our moods, and we experience more negative
emotions. Consider the following entry from a worker’s blog: “I’m in a bit of a
blah mood today . . . physically, I feel funky, though, and the weather out
combined with the amount of personal and work I need to get done are getting to
me.” Although sometimes we thrive on stress, most of us, like this blogger, find
stress takes a toll on our mood.
Social Activities :
Do you tend to be happiest when out with friends? For most people, social
activities increase positive mood and have little effect on negative mood. But do
people in positive moods seek out social interactions, or do social interactions
cause people to be in good moods? It seems both are true. 39 Does the type of
social activity matter? Indeed it does. Research suggests activities that are physical
(skiing or hiking with friends), informal (going to a party), or epicurean (eating
with others) are more strongly associated with increases in positive mood than
events that are formal (attending a meeting) or sedentary (watching TV with
friends).
Sleep:
U.S. adults report sleeping less than adults a generation ago. 41 Does lack of sleep
make people grumpier? Sleep quality does affect mood. Undergraduates and adult
workers who are sleep-deprived report greater feelings of fatigue, anger, and
hostility. 42 One reason is that poor or reduced sleep impairs decision making and
makes it difficult to control emotions. 43 A recent study suggests poor sleep also
impairs job satisfaction because people feel fatigued, irritable, and less alert.
Exercise:
You often hear people should exercise to improve their mood. Does “sweat
therapy” really work? It appears so. Research consistently shows exercise enhances
peoples’ positive mood. 45 While not terribly strong overall, the effects are
strongest for those who are depressed. So exercise may help put you in a better
mood, but don’t expect miracles.
Age :Do young people experience more extreme positive emotions (so-called
youthful exuberance) than older people? If you answered “yes,” you were wrong.
One study of people ages 18 to 94 revealed that negative emotions seem to occur
less as people get older. Periods of highly positive moods lasted longer for older
individuals, and bad moods faded more quickly. 46 The study implies emotional
experience improves with age; as we get older, we experience fewer negative
emotions.
Sex:
Many believe women are more emotional than men. Is there any truth to this?
Evidence does confirm women are more emotionally expressive than men; 47 they
experience emotions more intensely, they tend to “hold onto” emotions longer than
men, and they display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative
emotions, except anger. 48 Evidence from a study of participants from 37 different
countries found that men consistently report higher levels of powerful emotions
like anger, whereas women report more powerless emotions like sadness and fear.
Thus, there are some sex differences in the experience and expression of emotions