TENSES CHART

TENSE PERSON AUXILIARY VERB FORM USAGE TIME EXPRESSION

Present I am / am not (right) now
Continuous he-she-it is / isn’t V+ing at this / the moment
you-we-they are / aren’t’ (temporarily)
Simple I-you-we-they do / don’t (freq.) + V.S.F. he, she, it every____ , twice a ____
Present he-she-it does / doesn’t Affirm. on ( days ) .
V+s in the _______, at night
Simple I-you-we-they did / didn’t +V.S.F. yesterday, this morning
Past he-she-it Affirm. last _________
V past _________ ago.
Past I-he-she-it was / wasn’t at (past hour) .
Continuous you-we-they were / weren’t V+ing while=as (Past Cont.)
when (S. Past).
Idiomatic I am / am not tomorrow, tonight
Future he-she-it is / isn’t going to+V.S.F. next ________
you-we-they are / aren’t in (lapse)
Simple I-you-we-they will / won’t +V.S.F. tomorrow, tonight, soon
Future he-she-it next ________
I, thou, we shall / shan’t uncommon in (lapse), later
Present I-you-we-they have / haven’t +V.P.P. ever
Perfect he-she-it has / hasn’t twice, etc. / so far
already / yet also*
Present I-you-we-they have / haven’t been + Ving *for / since
Perfect he-she-it has / hasn’t * today, this .
Continuous *lately = recently
Past I-you-we-they had / hadn’t +V.P.P. by (past)
Perfect he-she-it before (past)
by the time (S. Past)
Modals I-you-we-they can / can’t
he-she-it should / shouldn’t +V.S.F.
have to / don’t have to
has to / doesn’t have to
had to / didn’t have to
must / mustn’t
may / may not
might / mightn’t
could / couldn’t
would / wouldn’t Credit: Alaiyo Moreno

V.S.F. = Verb in Simple Form V.P.P. = Verb in Past Participle

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 IRREGULAR VERBS

SIMPLE FORM PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

GROUP 1 NO CHANGE
apostar (betted, gambled) bet bet bet bet
licitar, mandar (command), ofertar bid bid / bade bid(den) bëd
reventar(se) burst burst burst bårst
echar, moldear, repartir, (difundir) (broad)cast (broad)cast (broad)cast (brad)cæst
costar cost cost cost cast
Cortar cut cut cut cåt
ajustar, caber, quedar fit fit fit fët
golpear (una vez) hit hit hit jët
doler, herir, lastimar hurt hurt hurt jrt
dejar, permitir let let let let
Poner put put put påt
renunciar, rendirse quit quit quit kuit
acomodar, poner acomodado set set set set
derramar, emanar, verter (despacio) shed shed shed shed
cerrar bien shut shut shut shåt
dividir(se), (re)partir(se) split split split splët
esparcir, extender(se), untar spread spread spread spred
desconcertar upset upset upset åpsét

PAST = PAST PARTICIPLE: GROUP 2 SOUND \i\ to \e\

sangrar bleed blid bled bled bled
criar breed brid bred bred bred
arrastrarse (gatear-crawl, crawled) creep crip crept crept crept
alimentar feed fid fed fed fed
huir flee fli fled fled fled
sentir(se) feel fil felt felt felt
oír hear jir heard heard jerd
conservar, guardar, seguir keep kip kept kept kept
arrodillarse kneel nil knelt knelt nelt
dirigir, guiar (guide, guided) lead lid led led led
dejar, salir leave liv left left left
significar, querer decir mean min meant meant ment
conocer(se), encontrarse meet mit met met met
leer read rid read read red
dormir sleep slip slept slept slept
barrer sweep suip swept swept suept
llorar con lamento (cry-cried) weep uip wept wept uept

GROUP 3 -UGHT
traer bring brëng brought brought brot
comprar buy bâi bought bought bot
atrapar catch kætch caught caught kot
pelear(se) fight fait fought fought fot
buscar (look for,-looked for) seek sik sought sought sot
enseñar teach tich taught taught tot
pensar think thënk thought thought θot

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 SIMPLE FORM PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
GROUP 4 -D to -T
doblar, inclinar(se) (fold-ed) bend bend bent bent bent
construir, edificar build biuld built built biult
prestar lend lend lent lent lent
enviar send send sent sent sent
gastar spend spend spent spent spent

GROUP 5 to U
cavar, excavar dig dëg dug dug dåg
colgar hang jæng hung hung jång
dar vueltas, hilar spin spën spun spun spån
adherir, atorar, pegar stick stëck stuck stuck ståk
aguijonear, picar (aguijón) sting stëng stung stung stång
asestar, golpear, huelga strike straik struck struck stråk
columpiar swing suëng swung swung suång

GROUP 6 -IND to -OUND

atar (amarrar-tie, tied) bind baind bound bound baund
encontrar, hallar find faind found found faund
moler grind graind ground ground graund
bobinar, enrollar wind uaind wound wound uaund

GROUP 7 -AY to -AID

poner acostado, acostar lay lei laid laid leid
pagar pay pei paid paid peid
decir say sei said said sed

GROUP 8 DIFFERENT
conseguir, obtener get guet got got(ten) gat(n)
tener (beber / comer), haber have jæv had had jæd
abrazar (hugged), sostener hold jold held held jeld
encender, prender fuego light lait lit lit lët
perder lose luz lost lost lost
hacer make meik made made meid
vender sell sel sold sold sold
brillar shine shain shone shone shoun
disparar shoot shut shot shot shat
sentar(se) (seat-ed) sit(down) sët (daun) sat(down) sat(down) sæt (daun)
deslizar, resbalar (along) slide slaid slid slid slëd
derramar, tirar spill spël spilt spilt spëlt
erguirse, pararse stand (up) stænd (åp) stood (up) stood (up) stud (åp)
decirle, contarle tell + obj. tel told told told
entender understand åndrstænd understood understood åndrstud
ganar (earn, gain, profit)-ed win uën won won wan

GROUP 9 V.S.F. = V.P.P.

llegar a ser become bikám became bikéim become bikám
venir come cam came keim come cam
correr run rån ran ræn run rån

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 V.S.F ≠ PAST ≠ V.P.P(-n) GROUP 10 I to A to U/-EN
empezar (start-ed) begin biguin began bigæn begun bigån
beber drink drënk drank drænk drunk drånk
prohibir, impedir (prohibit-ed) forbid forbëd forbade forbeid forbidden forbëdn
perdonar forgive forguëv forgave forgueiv forgiven forguëvn
dar, regalar give guëv gave gueiv given guëvn
timbrar ring rëng rang ræng rung rång
encoger(se), disminuir shrink shrënk shrank shrænk shrunk shrånk
cantar sing sëng sang sæng sung sång
hundir(se), sumergir(se) sink sënk sank sænk sunk sånk
brotar, saltar, surgir spring sprëng sprang spræng sprung språng
apestar, heder stink stënk stank stænk stunk stånk
nadar swim suëm swam suæm swum suåm
GROUP 11 I to O
ascender, elevar, subir (a)rise raiz (a)rose rouz (a)risen rëzn
conducir, manejar drive draiv drove drouv driven drëvn
cabalgar, montar ride raid rode roud ridden rëdn
golpear, destruir smite smait smote smout smitten smët’n
escribir write rait wrote rout written rët’n
GROUP 12 EA to O
externar, soportar carga bear ber bore bour born(e) born
quebrar break breik broke brouk broken broukn
hablar speak spik spoke spouk spoken spoukn
robar (rob - robbed) steal stil stole stoul stolen stouln
romper, desgarrar tear ter tore tour torn torn
llevar, traer puesto, usar wear wer wore wour worn worn
GROUP 13 Past -EW to -OWN
soplar blow blou blew blu blown bloun
dibujar, sustraer draw dro drew dru drawn dron
volar fly flai flew flu flown floun
crecer grow (up) grou åp grew (up) gru åp grown (up) groun åp
conocer, saber know nou knew nu known noun
aventar, lanzar throw θrow threw θru thrown θrown
GROUP 14 DIFFERENT
ser, estar be (am, is, are) was / were uas / uer been bin
golpear, palpitar, vencer beat bit beat bit beat(en) bit’n
morder, picar (mosquito) bite bait bit bët bit(ten) bëtn
escoger choose chuz chose chouz chosen chouzn
hacer do du did dëd done dan
comer eat it ate eit eaten it’n
caer(se) fall (down) fol daun fell (down) fel daun fallen foln daun
olvidar forget forguet forgot forgot forgotten forgat’n
abandonar forsake forseik forsook forsuk forsaken forseikn
congelar(se), helar(se) freeze friz froze frouz frozen frouzn
ir go gou went uent gone gan
esconder(se), ocultar(se) hide jaid hid jëd hidden jëd’n
recostarse, echarse lie (down) lai daun lay (down) lei daun lain (down) lein daun
ver see si saw so seen sin
agitar shake sheik shook shuk shaken sheikn
asesinar, dar muerte slay slei slew slu slain slein
agarrar, llevar take teik took tuk taken teikn
despertar(se) (a)wake (up) ueik åp (a)woke (up) uok åp (a)woken(up) uokn åp

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 A FEW REGULAR VERBS (VERB+ED)

SIMPLE PRESENT PAST =

FORM PARTICIPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
apuntar (al blanco), asignar aim / target, assign aiming / targeting aimed \d\ / targeted \ed\
discutir, quejar(se) argue, complain arguing, complaining argued, complained \d\
hornear, quemar, cocinar, calentar bake, burn, cook, heat baking baked \t\
mendigar / rogar / suplicar beg begging begged \d\
creer, dudar, titubear believe, doubt, hesitate believing believed \d\, hesitated \ed\
pertenecer belong belonging belonged \d\
bendecir, sanar, recuperar(se) bless, heal, recover blessing, healing blessed \t\, healed \d\
molestar, bromear, burlarse bother, joke, mock / tease joking, teasing joked \d\, teased \t\
(tope) brincar / saltar bump, hop, jump, skip hopping, skipping hopped, skipped \t\
acariciar, estimar (querer), sobar, frotar caress, cherish, rub caressing, rubbing caressed, rubbed \t\
perseguir chase chasing chased \t\
charlar, platicar chat, discuss / talk chatting, discussing chatted \ed\, discussed \t\
escalar, trepar climb climbing climbed \d\
desmoronar / desmenuzar, revolver crumble, scramble crumbling, scrambling crumbled, scrambled \d\
chocar, aplastar / triturar, exprimir, estrujar crash, crush / smash, squeeze crashing, squeezing crashed \t\, squeezed \d\
citar (andar, salir con alguien) date dating dated \ed\
deleitar, disfrutar, regocijar delight, enjoy, rejoice delighting, enjoying delighted \ed\, enjoyed \d\
entregar / repartir, enviar (envío) deliver, ship delivering, shipping delivered \d\, shipped \t\
merecer deserve deserving deserved \d\
despreciar / menospreciar, rechazar despise, reject despising, rejecting despised \t\, rejected \ed\
desarrollar, mejorar develop, improve developing, improving developed \t\,improved \d\
realzar / aumentar, incrementar enhance / increase enhancing / increasing enhanced / increased \t\
esperar (expectativa, esperanza, años) expect, hope, long, wait expecting, hoping expected \ed\, hoped \t\
desvanecer(se), marchitar(se) fade fading faded \ed\
fijar, arreglar / reparar, enmendar fix, mend fixing, mending fixed \t\, mended \ed\
lanzar (moneda), voltear flip, toss flipping, tossing flipped, tossed \t\
juntar, reunir, congregar, unir(se) gather, join gathering, joining gathered, joined \d\
adivinar guess guessing guessed \t\
apresurarse hurry / rush hurrying / rushing hurried \d\ / rushed \t\
emitir, expedir, surgir (asunto) issue issuing issued \d\
juzgar judge judging judged \d\
patear kick kicking kicked \t\
durar last lasting lasted \ed\
(son)reír, risita (smile) laugh, chuckle (smiling) laughing (smiled \d\) laughed \t\
apoyarse, recargarse, reclinarse lean leaning leaned \d\
alzar, levantar (aumento) lift, raise lifting, raising lifted \ed\, raised \t\
errar / extrañar / perdérsela, faltar miss / lack missing, lacking missed, lacked \t\
desempeñar, interpretar (mús.), realizar perform performing performed \d\
diluviar, echar, vaciar pour pouring poured \d\
alabar, orar, adorar praise, pray, worship praying, worshiping prayed \d\, worshiped \t\
predicar, sermonear preach preaching preached \t\
ensayar rehearse rehearsing rehearsed \t\
rajar, rasgar / arañar, rascar rip / scratch ripping, scratching ripped, scratched \t\
firmar sign signing signed \d\
compartir share sharing shared, \d\
deslizar (quickly) slip slipping slipped \t\
dormitar, sedar / tranquilizar (dolor) snooze, soothe snoozing, soothing snoozed \d\, soothed \ed\
manchar, embadurnar stain staining, smirching stained \d\, smirched \t\
consentir, estropear, mimar spoil spoiling spoiled \d\
quedar(se), permanecer stay, remain staying / remaining stayed / remained \d\
probar (sabor), (com)probar, intentar taste, test, prove, try tasting, proving, trying tasted \ed\, proved, tried \d\
hacer cosquillas tickle tickling tickled \d\
entrenar, capacitar train training trained \d\
preguntarse, asombrarse (sopesar) wonder (ponder) wondering (pondering) wondered (pondered) \d\
envolver wrap wrapping wrapped \t\
The groupings are not meant to be synonyms; they are placed together thematically