Answer 1(i)

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine ending in

rectum and anus together form the Alimentary canal or the Digestive
Tract.

Several associated glands like salivary glands, liver and pancreas and the
inner walls of the stomach and small intestine secrete digestive juices that
help in digestion

Answer 1 (ii)
Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It helps in the
digestion of fats present in food.

Answer 3
§Digestive juices which are enzymes, breakdown proteins into simpler
substances
§HCL -1. makes the medium of the stomach acidic for digestive juices to
act.

2. Kills the bacteria that enters with the food

§Mucous- forms the inner lining of the stomach which protects the walls of
the stomach from the effect of acid.

Answer 4 (a)
1. Incisors: These are flat and chisel-shaped teeth. They lie in the front of the
mouth. There are eight incisor teeth; four in the upper jaw and four in the lower
jaw. The incisor teeth are well adapted for cutting and biting of food items.
2. Canines: These are round-shaped, sharp, and pointed teeth. Canines are well
adapted to hold and tear the food. There are four canine teeth found in humans.
3. Premolars: There are two premolars on each side of each jaw. Premolars help in
crushing and grinding the food. There are 8 premolar teeth in adult humans.
4. Molars: There are two molars on both sides in both the jaws. They have almost a
flat surface with small projections. These teeth are meant for fine grinding of
food.

Answer 4 (b)

Answer 5
 1) Saliva helps in the breakdown of complex substances to simpler ones
(mainly starch)
2) Saliva moistens the food and helps to create bolus, which can be
swallowed easily.
3) Saliva breaks down starch present in the food into sugars.

Answer 8
○ Tongue is a fleshy muscular organ that is free at its front end
and is attached at the back of the floor of the buccal cavity.
○ It can move in all directions.
Functions:

○ It mixes saliva with food while chewing.

○ It plays an important role while talking.
○ The taste of the food can be known due to different taste buds
present in our tongue.
○ It helps in swallowing our food.

Answer 11
Sometimes, when one eats hurriedly, talks or laughs while eating, the flap -
like valve, epiglottis closing the passage of windpipe remains open. The
food may enter the windpipe and coughing helps to clear it.

Answer 12
In test tube ‘A’- blue black colour because of presence of starch.
In test tube ‘B’- colour of iodine will not change because of digestion of
starch into sugars