Design of Retaining Wall

<Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes>

INSTRUCTIONS: All inputs must be at white boxed cells or combo drop-downs only.
UNITS: SI 1 SI
Units English
International System (SI) units
Use length units in m

0.000 0.000 0.250 0.000 0.500

E= 200000 MPa
f'c = 17.5 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
Wconc = 24 kN per cu m
L strip, b = 1 m Hor. surcharge = 1.96 kPa
at distance ds = 0.000 m
Active Wsoil = 18 kN per cu m from the left of backfill.
International System (SI)

Active Int. fric angle, Ø = 30 deg ds Backfill angle ß = 0 deg

Yes with the horizontal.
Sliding friction = 0.5 No W
FS sliding = 1.5 No 2 Neglect Lateral Passive Pressure? Anchor = kN
FS overturning = 2 No 2 Neglect the Passive Top Soil? ß @ m
FS soil bearing = 3 from the bottom

Passive Wsoil = 18 kN per cu m

Passive Int. fric angle, Ø = 30 deg 1.9 m

0 0 2.2 m

B C
hp = 1.35 m
Use: hp = 1.35 m Anchor = kN

Main bar Ø = 12.7 mm

Temperature bar Ø = 9.5 mm
Concrete Cover = 40 mm L= m D = 0.4 m
400
Optional Values: Approximate Measurements: Remarks:
Ca = L = 0.600h = 1.380 m FS sliding -> 4.205 - SAFE!
Cp = 0 C = 0.100h = 0.230 m FS overturning -> 1.04 - UNSAFE!
ρ= D = 0.100h = 0.230 m FS soil bearing -> 19.901 - SAFE!
B = 0.333L = 0.460 m Shear -> SAFE!
W = 0.300 m Bending -> SAFE!
International System (SI)
English units
Use length units in m
3.000 1.000 2.000 3.000
E= 29000000 psi
f'c = 3000 psi
fy = 60000 psi
Wconc = 150 lbs per cu ft
L strip, b = 1 ft Hor. surcharge = 300 psf
This portion is not available...

at distance ds = ft
Active Wsoil = 100 kN per cu m from the left of backfill.
Active Int. fric angle, Ø = 35 deg ds Backfill angle ß = 35 deg
Yes with the horizontal.
Sliding friction = 0.5 No W
FS sliding = 1.5 Yes 1 Neglect Lateral Passive Pressure? Anchor = lbs
FS overturning = 2 No 2 Neglect the Passive Top Soil? ß @ 30 ft
FS soil bearing = 3 from the bottom

Passive Wsoil = 100 kN per cu m

Passive Int. fric angle, Ø = 35 deg 28 ft

0.035699 0 30 ft

B C
hp = 2 m
Use: hp = 2 m Anchor = 0 lbs

Main bar Ø = 1 in
Temperature bar Ø = 0.75 in
Concrete Cover = 3 in L= 9 ft D= 2 ft
24
Optional Values: Approximate Measurements: Remarks:
Ca = 0.32 L = 0.600h = 18.000 ft FS sliding -> 4.205 - SAFE!
Cp = C = 0.100h = 3.000 ft FS overturning -> 1.04 - UNSAFE!
ρ = 0.009 D = 0.100h = 3.000 ft FS soil bearing -> 19.901 - SAFE!
B = 0.333L = 5.994 ft Shear -> SAFE!
W = 1.000 ft Bending -> SAFE!

This portion is not available...

 Design of Retaining Wall
<Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes>

m m m m m

5
0 0 0.2 0 0.5

Hor. surcharge = 1.96 kPa

at distance ds = 0 m
from the left of backfill.
Backfill angle ß = 0 deg
(ß ≤ 35°) with horizontal.

Anchor = 0 kN
@ 0 m
from the bottom.

1.9 m

0 0 2.2 m

hp = 1.35 m L = 0.75 m
D = 0.4 m
400

Bottom Anchor = 0 kN

Optional Values: Approximate Measurements:

Ca = 0 L = 0.600h = 1.38 m
Cp = 0 C = 0.100h = 0.23 m
ρ= 0 D = 0.100h = 0.23 m
B = 0.333L = 0.45954 m
W = 0.3 m

E= 200000 MPa Active Passive

f'c = 17.5 MPa Wsoil = 18 18 kN/m³
fy = 420 MPa Angle of Internal Friction, Ø = 30 30 deg
Wconc = 24 kN/m³
Lstrip, b = 1 m
1000
Sliding Friction = 0.5 Main bar Ø = 12.7 mm OK! SAFE! SAFE!
FSsliding = 1.5 4.205 - SAFE! Temperature bar Ø = 9.5 mm
FS overturning = 2 1.04 - UNSAFE! Concrete Cover = 40 mm 0.04
FS soil bearing = 3 19.901 - SAFE! Allowable Clear Spacing = 25 mm
 Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

L Scale = 0.4347826087 V P Scale = 0.00107733441609 L P Scale = 0.002743484225 Edge Dist = 0.04475

0.95 m x -origin = 0
y -origin = 0

0.25 m 0 0.1739130435 -0.109 0.58695652 -0.8 1 -0.1086957 0 0.217391304 0.9565217391304 -0.0194565 0.9826087
0.217391304348 0.1739130435 -0.109 0.17391304 -0.10869565 1 -0.1086957 -0.2 0.217391304 0 -0.0194565 0.173913
0.5 m 0.217391304348 0 0.2173913 0.09720793224572 0.255251387 0 -0.0194565 0.0173913
0.95 m -0.108695652174 0 0 1 -0.8 0.17391304 0.2173913 0 0.217391304 0.9565217391304 -0.0194565 0.0173913
0.95 m -0.108695652174 0.1739130435 0 0.17391304 -0.10869565 0.17391304
0.4 m -0.108695652174 0.1739130435 0.9 0.9565217391304 -0.122373 0.1544565 3
ha = 2.2 m -0.108695652174 1 -0.109 1 -0.8 0 1 0.9 0 -0.0194565 0.1544565
hs = 2.2 m 0 1 -0.109 0.17391304 -0.10869565 0 1 2 0.90179241 0 0.2 0.1544565
Hor. Sur., q = 1.96 kPa 0 0.1739130435 0.90179241 0.9565217391304
0 1 -0.8 1 0.9 0.9565217391304 -0.0913043 0.0194565
Pa = 13.8 kN/m 0 0.9565217391 0 0.17391304 -0.8 0.58695652 -0.1086957 0.0194565
Pp = 72.9 kN/m 0 0.9565217391 -0.8 0.17391304 -0.9 0.5869565217391 -0.0057792 0.0194565
Ps = 0.653 kN/m 1.1 0.9565217391 0 1 -0.8 0 -0.9 0
W1=7.2 kN 0 0.17391304 -0.8 0 -1.1 0
W2=11.4 kN 0 0.9565217391 -0.9 0.5869565217391
W3=0 kN 0 1.0565217391 0.2174 0.95652174 -0.10869565 0.17391304
W4=0 kN 1.1 1.0565217391 0.2174 0.17391304 -0.10869565 1.3 0 0.9565217391304 -0.038913 0
W5=0 kN 1.1 0.9565217391
2 0 0.9565217391304 -0.038913 0
W6=16.2 kN 0 0.95652174 -0.10869565 0.17391304 0 0
W7=0 kN 0 0.1739130435 0.2174 0.95652174 -0.10869565 1.3 0.217391304 0.3188405797101 0 20
W8=0 kN 0 0.9565217391 0 0.957 0.367391304 0.3188405797101
W9=0 kN 0 0.95652174 -0.10869565 1 0.2173913 0.957 0 0
Ws=0.98 kN -0.8 0.5869565217 0.2174 0.95652174 -0.10869565 1.3 0.207391304 0.3188405797101 0 0
qtoe = 185.643 kPa -0.108695652174 0.5869565217 0.2173913 2 0.207 22
0.957 0.3188405797101
qheel = -90.23 kPa -0.109 0.17391304 0 1 1.1 0.95652173913044 -0.5 0
Ha=14.52 kN -0.8 0.5869565217 0 0.17391304 0 1.3 0.217 0.3188405797101 -0.5 0
Hs=1.437 kN -0.9 0 0.2173913 0.174 0.367 0.3188405797101
2
Va=0 kN 0.2174 0.95652174 0 0.17391304 1.1 2
1 2 2
0.174 0.2173913 0
q = -90.23 kPa -0.8 0.5869565217 1.1 0.95652174 0 1.3 0.890 0.4782608695652 0.2173913 0
D = 0.4 m -0.108695652174 0.5869565217 1.1 0.95652173913044 1.040 0.4782608695652
h1 = 1.8 m 0.2174 0 0.2173913 0.95652174 1.1 0.174
h2 = 1.8 m -0.8 1 1.1 0 0.2173913 1.3
2 1 4 -0.900
3 0.195652173913
-0.8 0.5869565217 0.850 0.174 -1.100 0.195652173913
-0.8 0.1739130435 1.1 0.95652174 -0.10869565 1.3 0.850 0.957
f'c =17.5MPa -0.8 0 1.1 0 -0.10869565 1.3 -0.103 0
fy =420MPa -0.8 0 -0.10869565 1.3 -0.103 -0.2
Wconc = 24kN/m³ 0 0.95652174 0 1.3 2
Lstrip, b = 1m -0.8 0.1739130435 0.85 0.95652174 0 1.3 -0.153 -0.01
Sliding Friction =0.5 -0.108695652174 0.1739130435 0.2173913 1.3 -0.303 -0.01
FSsliding = 1.5 0.85 0.95652174
FS overturning = 2 0.85 0
FS soil bearing = 3
Wsoil = 18 kN/m³
Angle of Internal Friction, Ø =30 deg
Wsoil = 18 kN/m³
Angle of Internal Friction, Ø =30 deg
Main bar Ø =12.7 mm
Temperature bar Ø =9.5 mm
Concrete Cover =40 mm
Allowable Clear Spacing = 25 mm
 Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

Computing the Soil Pressure Coefficients: (Rankine's Formula) Distance of the Resultant from the toe:
Ø = Ø1 = 0.52360 rad Xc = (RM-OM)/Rv
Backfill angle, ß = 0.00000 rad = 0.014 m
e = L/2-Xc
2 2
cos β −√ cos β −cos φ = 0.361 m
Ca =cos β c = L/2
2 2
cos β + √ cos β−cos φ = 0.375 m
Ca = 0.333
Soil Pressure under heel and toe:
cos β + √cos 2 β−cos 2 φ A = bL = 0.750 sq m
C p =cos β I = bL³/12 = 0.035 m^4
2 2
cos β −√ cos β −cos φ q at toe = -Rv(1+6e/L)/L
Cp = 3.000 qtoe = 185.643 kPa
Active Pressure: ha = 2.200 m q at heel = -Rv(1-6e/L)/L
pa = Ca γ ha b Pa = 13.800 kN/m qheel = -90.230 kPa
Pa = Ca γ ha²/2 b Pa = 14.520 kN
Ha = Pa cosß Ha = 14.520 kN
Va = Pa sinß Va = 0.000 kN
(ha < 6.0 m) Factor of Safety:
Consider Weight of Passive Top Soil n n FS overturning = RM/OM
Therefore Use: hp = 1.350 m = 1.040 < 2 UNSAFE! IConsider Weight of Passive Top Soil
Passive Pressure: µRv+Hp
FS sliding =
Pp = Cp γ hp b Pp = 72.900 kN/m (Ha+Hs)
Hp = Cp γ hp²/2 b Hp = 49.208 kN = 4.205 > 1.5 SAFE!
Ø = Ø2 = 30.000 deg or 0.52360 rad
Surcharge: Nc = (Nq-1)cotØ
h's = 2.200 m = 30.13963
x1 = 0.000 m Nq = tan²(45+Ø/2)exp(πtanØ)
y1 = 1.800 m = 18.40112
x2 = 0.000 m Nγ = 2(Nq+1)tanØ
y2 = 1.800 m = 22.40249
hs = 2.200 m q= γhp
Ps = Ca x Sur x b Ps = 0.653 kN/m = 24.30000 kPa
Hs = Ps x hs Hs = 1.437 kN B' = B-2e
= 0.02716 m
Righting Moment: (Consider Weight of Passive Top Soil) Fcd = 1+0.4(D/B')
Load(kN) Mom Arm (m) Mom (kN-m) = 20.88050
W1 7.200 0.375 2.700 Fqd = 1+2tanØ(1-sinØ)²(D/B')
W2 11.400 0.125 1.425 = 15.34752
W3 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fγd = 1.00000
W4 0.000 0.250 0.000 = 1.00000
W5 0.000 0.250 0.000 ψ= arctan(Rhcosß/Rv)
W6 16.200 0.500 8.100 = 0.41951 rad
W7 0.000 0.583 0.000 Fci = Fqi = (1-ψ/90·)²
W8 0.000 0.000 0.000 = 0.53719
W9 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fγi = (1-ψ/Ø)²
Ws 0.980 0.500 0.490 = 0.03952
Va 0.000 0.750 0.000 qu = CNcFcdFci+qNqFqdFqi+(1/2)γB'NγFγdFγi (for strip foundation)
Rv = 35.780 RM = 12.715 kN-m = 3,694.482 kPa
FS soil bearing = qu/qtoe
Overturning Moment: (Neglect the Effects of Lateral Passive Soil Pressure) = 19.901 > 3 SAFE!
Load(kN) Mom Arm (m) Mom (kN-m)
Ha 14.520 0.733 10.648
Hs 1.437 1.100 1.581
 HANCHOR 0 0.000 0.000
HANCHOR 0.000 0.000 0.000
Rh = 15.957 OM = 12.229 kN-m Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

Design of stem: (Neglect Passive Pressure with Load Factor = 1.7)

Design Load:
h1 = 1.800 m 0.2173913043478 0.957
P1 = 1.7 Ca Ws b (h1)² / 2 0.2173913043478 0.174
P1 = 16.524 kN 0.2552513866524 0.174
H1 = P1 cosß 0.2173913043478 0.95652174
H1 = 16.524 kN H1 = 16.524 kN
h2 = hs - d = 1.800 m 0.9 0.95652174
H2 = 1.7 Ca qs b h2 0.9 0.174
H2 = 1.999 kN H2 = 1.999 kN 0.9017924096936 0.174
Mu = H1 (h1/3) + H2 (h2/2) - HANCHOR (h3) 0.9017924096936 0.95652174
Mu = 11.714 kN-m 0.9 0.95652174
Mu = 11.714E+6 N-mm
-0.9 0.58695652
Reinforcing bars: -0.9 0
using: d = 203.650 mm -1.1 0
b = 1,000.000 mm -0.9 0.58695652
Mu
Rn =
Øbd² 0 0.95652174
Rn = 0.314 MPa 0 0.95652174
Act ρ = 0.00076
Min ρ = 0.00333 0.2173913043478 0.49275362
use ρ = 0.00333 0.3673913043478 0.49275362 2
As = pbd
As = 678.833 mm² 2 220.2173913043478 0.49275362
Using: bar Ø = 12.700 mm 0.2173913043478 0.49275362
Ab = 126.677 mm²
N= As/Ab 0.2173913043478 0.49275362
N= 5.359 say 6 0.3673913043478 0.49275362
Soc = 200.000 mm
Scl = 187.300 mm > 25 mm OK! 0.89 0.56521739
Temperature bars: 1.040 0.56521739
Average Stem = 250.000 mm
Ast = 0.0025b(Average Stem) -0.9 0.19565217
Ast = 625.000 mm² -1.1 0.19565217
Nt = Ast/Ab
Nt = 8.817 say 9 -0.1027908069442 0
Soc = 125.000 mm Stem: S = 125 mm -0.1027908069442 -0.2
Scl = 115.500 mm > 25 mm OK! 0 0
Check for Shear: -0.1527908069442 -0.01
Vu = H1 + H2 -0.3027908069442 -0.01
Vu = 18.523 N
ØVc = Ø(1/6)√(f'c)bd -0.5 0.17391304
ØVc = 120.690E+3 N SAFE ! -0.5 0
Check for Development Length:
Actual Ld = Slab thickness - cover
Actual Ld = 360.000 mm
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc' Mu d Rn As Soc Scl
Dist. from the bottom (m) Act ρ Use ρ N
Ld = 254.365 mm (N-mm) (mm) (N) (mm²) (mm) (mm)
Mod. Factor = (req As)/(prov As) h1/4 = 0.45 4.689E+6 203.650 0.125620 0.0003004 0.0033333 678.833 6 200.000 187.300
prov As = 760.061 mm² h1/2 = 0.9 1.464E+6 203.650 0.039230 0.0000935 0.0033333 678.833 6 200.000 187.300
Mod. Factor = 0.893 3h1/4 = 1.35 211.163E+3 203.650 0.005657 0.0000135 0.0033333 678.833 6 200.000 187.300
Allow Ld = Ld x Mod Factor
 Allow Ld = 227.181 mm OK !
= 0.227 m
Total Length = 2,447.181 mm
= 2.447 m Stem bars: L = 2.447 m @ S = 200 mm
Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

Design of Heel: (Neglect Uplift Pressure with Load Factor 1.4 for weight and 1.7 for lateral earth pressure)
Use: Va = 0.000 kN
Design Load:
Load(kN) Mom Arm (m) Mom (kN-m) 0 0.173913
W1 22.680 0.250 5.670 W1=22.68 kN 0 0
W2 0.000 0.333 0.000 W2=0 kN 0 -0.2
Wc 6.720 0.250 1.680 Wc=6.72 kN
Ws 1.372 0.250 0.343 Ws=1.372 kN 0 0
Va 0.000 0.500 0.000 Va =0 kN 0.2173913 0.0972079
Vu = 30.772 Mu = 7.693 kN-m 2
Mu = 7.693E+6 N-mm 0.10869565 0.0869565
Reinforcing bars: 0.10869565 0.2869565
using: d = 353.65 mm
b = 1000 mm 0.10869565 0.957
Mu 2 0.10869565 1.1565217
Rn =
Øbd²
Rn = 0.068 MPa 0.14492754 0.957
Act ρ = 0.00016 0.14492754 0.9565217
Min ρ = 0.00333
use ρ = 0.00333 2 0.10869565 0.5652174
As = pbd 0.10869565 0.7652174
As = 1,178.833 mm²
Using: bar Ø = 12.700 mm 0.55 1.0065217
Ab = 126.677 mm² 0.55 1.0086333
N = As/Ab 0.7 0.9565217
N = 9.306 say 10 0.2173913 0.9565217
2
Soc = 111.111 mm
Scl = 98.411 mm > 25 mm OK! 0.2173913 0.957
Temperature bars: 0.7 0.957
Heel Thickness = 400.000 mm
Ast = 0.0025b(Heel Thickness) 0.2173913 0.174
2
Ast = 1,000.000 mm² 0.7 0.174
Nt = Ast/Ab
Nt = 14.108 say 15 0.2173913 0
Soc = 71.429 mm Heel: S = 71 mm 0.7 0
Scl = 61.929 mm > 25 mm OK!
Check for Shear: 0.7 0.9565217
Vu = W total 0.7 0.957
Vu = 30,772.000 N 0.7 0.174
ØVc = Ø(1/6)√(f'c)bd 0.7 0
ØVc = 209,585.080 N SAFE !
Check for Development Length: 0 1.0565217
Actual Ld = Length of Heel - cover 0 1.0565217
Actual Ld = 460.000 mm
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc' 0 1.0565217
Ld = 254.365 mm 0 1.0565217
Mod. Factor = 1.4(req As)/(prov As) Top Bars
prov As = 1,266.769 mm²
Mod. Factor = 1.303
Allow Ld = Ld x Mod Factor
Allow Ld = 331.391 mm OK !
 = 0.331 m
Total Length = 791.391 mm
= 0.791 m Top bars: L = 0.791 m @ S = 111 mm

Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

Design of Toe: (Neglect Weight of Soil with the given Load Factor)
Design Load: Pressure, q = 185.643 kPa
1.7 = Hor. Earth Pressure
0.9 = Footing Dead Load (zero if neglected) -0.1086956521739 0.17391304
Load(kN) Mom Arm (m) Mom (kN-m) -0.1086956521739 0
Wc 0.000 0.000 0.000 Wc=0 kN -0.1086956521739 -0.2
F1 0.000 0.000 0.000 F1=0 kN
F2 0.000 0.000 0.000 F2=0 kN -0.1086956521739 0
Vu = 0.000 Mu = 0.000 kN-m -0.1086956521739 -0.2
Mu = 0.000E+0 N-mm
Reinforcing bars: -0.1086956521739 0
using: d = 353.65 mm -0.1086956521739 -0.2
b = 1,000.000 mm
Mu -0.1086956521739 0
Rn =
Øbd² -0.1086956521739 -0.2
Rn = 0.000 MPa
Act ρ = 0.00000 -0.1086956521739 0.08695652
Min ρ = 0.00333 -0.1086956521739 0.28695652
use ρ = 0.00333
As = pbd -0.8 1
As = 1,178.833 mm² -0.8 0.17391304
Using: bar Ø = 12.700 mm -0.8 0.17391304
Ab = 126.677 mm² -0.8 0
N = As/Ab
N = 9.306 say 10 -0.8 0.17391304
Soc = 111.111 mm -0.1086956521739 0.17391304
Scl = 98.411 mm > 25 mm OK!
Temperature bars:
Toe Thickness = 400.000 mm 2
Ast = 0.0025b(Heel Thickness)
Ast = 1,000.000 mm²
Nt = Ast/Ab
Nt = 14.108 say 15
Soc = 71.429 mm
Scl = 61.929 mm > 25 mm OK!
Check for Shear:
Vu = F1 + F2 + Wc 2
1
Vu = 0.000 N
ØVc = Ø(1/6)√(f'c)bd
ØVc = 209,585.080 N SAFE !
Check for Development Length:
Actual Ld = Length of Toe - cover 2
Actual Ld = -40.000 mm
Ld = 0.02Abfy/√fc'
Ld = 254.365 mm
Mod. Factor = (req As)/(prov As)
prov As = 1,266.769 mm²
Mod. Factor = 0.931
Allow Ld = Ld x Mod Factor
Allow Ld = 236.708 mm standard hook is required!
 = 0.237 m
Total Length = 196.708 mm
= 0.197 m

Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes

Design of Key: Key is not required...

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Detail of Reinforcements:

DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENTS
Programmed by: Engr. Jeremy E.-0.8Caballes
#VALUE!
-0.03891304 #VALUE!
0.475
-0.025 0
-0.025 0
Axis Title

Temperature Bars
Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E Caballes