Lamina Constitutive Equations

Local: Directions of Fiber (1,2)

Global: Structural Directions (x,y)
Local and global axes of an angle lamina
Transformation of Stresses Local /Global
 Transformation of Stresses Local /Global

• Let c = cosθ and s = sinθ

• Rearrange the previous equations in matrix form
 σ 1  c
2
s
2
2 sc   σ x
     
 σ 2 =  s
2
c
2
 2 sc   σ y
     
 τ12   sc sc c - s 
2 2  τ xy 

 σ x  c2 s
2
- 2 sc   σ 1
     
 σ y  =  s2 c
2
2 sc   σ 2
     
 τ xy   sc -sc c - s 
2 2
 τ12 
 Relationship of Global and Local Stresses

 σ1  c s 2 sc   σ x
2 2
 σ 1  σ x
   2 2   
   
 σ 2  =  s c  2 sc   σ y
 σ 2  = [T ]  σ y
     
   
 τ12   sc sc 2 2
c -s   τ xy   τ xy 
 τ 12 

 σ x   c 2 s 2 -2 sc   σ 1  σ x
     σ 1
     
 σ y  =  s2 c2 2 sc   σ 2  σ y  = [T ] 1
     σ 2
     
 τ xy   sc -sc c 2 - s 2   τ12  τ xy   τ 12 
Transformation of Strains
Transformation of Strains
 Relationship of Global and Local Strains
• Rearranging in Matrix Form:

  1  c
2
s
2
2 sc    x
     
  2 =  s
2
c
2
 2 sc    y
     
 12 / 2  sc sc 2
-
c s 
2  / 2
 xy 

 x   c
2
s
2
- 2 sc    1
     
 y  =  s
2
c
2
2 sc    2
     
 / 2  sc -sc 2
-
c s 
2
 12 / 2
 xy 
 Relationship of Global and Local Strains
  1  2
c s
2
2sc    x    x
    1
   2 2    
  2 =  s c  2sc    y 
       2 = [T ]   y 
   
c - s   xy / 2
 2 2 

 12  
/ 2  sc sc
 / 2
 12 / 2  xy 
  x   1
  x   c s -2sc 
2 2
  1  
     
    y  = [T ]1   2
  y  =  s 2 c2 2sc    2  
       
 / 2  sc -sc c2 - s 2  / 2  12 / 2
 xy     12 / 2  xy 
 Global/Local Strains

  1   x
   
  2  = [T ]   y
   
 12 / 2  / 2
 xy 
  x   1
   
  y  = [T ] 1   2
   
 / 2  12 / 2
 xy 
 Stress-Strain

Strain/stress in Local Stress/Strain relation

 σ1  2
c s
2
2 sc   σ x
 ε1  S11 S12 0  σ1    2 2   
 σ 2  =  s c  2 sc   σ y
          
 ε 2 = S12 S 22 0  σ 2  τ12  sc sc c 2 - s 2   τ xy 
    
γ12  0 0 S 66 τ12
 σ x   c 2 s 2 -2 sc   σ1
     
 σ y  =  s2 c2 2 sc   σ 2
     
 τ xy   sc -sc c 2 - s 2   τ12
 Global Strain/ Local Strain Relation

    1
1 0 0    x  1 0 0 
0 1 0    =[T ] 1 0 1 0   
   y     2
0 0 1 / 2   0 0 1 / 2  

 xy   12

  x   1
  1 0 0  1 0 0 
 
  y  =0 1 0[T ] 1 0 1 0    2
     
 
  0 0 2 0 0 1 / 2
 12
 xy 
  x   1
   
  y  =[ R ][T ] 1 [ R ] 1   2
   
   12 
 xy 
 Stress-Strain

 σ 1  σ x
   
 σ 2  = [T ]  σ y
   

 τ 12 
 
 τ xy 


 σ x  σ 1
   
 σ y  = [T ] 1  σ 2
   

 τ xy 
 
 τ 12 

 Global Stress and Strain

  x   1   x   1
       
  y  =[ R ][T ] 1 [ R ] 1   2   y  =[ R][T ] [ R] [ S ]  2 
1 1

       
   12    12
 xy   xy 

 ε x  S11 S12 S16  σ x 

  x  σ x     
     ε y  = S12 S 22 S 26  σ y 
  y  =[ R ][T ] 1 [ R ] 1 [ S ] [T ]  σ y   
     
   τ xy  γ  S S S  τ xy 
 xy   xy   16 26 66  
 Transformed Compliance Matrix
 ε x   S 11 S 12 S 16  σ x 
    
 ε y  =  S 12 S 22 S 26  σ y 
    
γ   S S
 xy  16 26 S 66
  τ xy  =
S11 S11 c
4
 ( 2 S12 + ) 2 2
+ 4
S 66 s c S 22 s ,
= ( 4
S12 S12 s c + 4
)+ ( +  ) 2 2
S11 S 22 S 66 s c ,
2
S 22
4 2
= S 11 s +(2 S12+ S 66) s c + S 22 c 4 ,
S16 = ( 2 S 11  2 S 12  S 66 ) sc
3
 ( 2 S 22  2 S 12  S 66 ) s
3
c,

S 26 = (2 S11  2 S12  S 66) s c  (2 S 22  2 S12  S 66) sc ,

3 3

S 66 = 2 ( 2   2 2 4
S11 S 22 S12 S 66 s c S 66 s c )
+2 4 ) + ( + 4
 Transformed Reduced Stiffness Matrix

 σ x   Q11 Q12 Q16  ε x 

    
 σ y  = Q12 Q 22 Q 26  ε y 
4 4 2 2
Q11 = Q11 c + Q 22 s +2(Q12 +2 Q )
66 s c ,
    
 τ xy  Q Q Q  γ xy  = ( +  4 2 2
) s + ( 4
+
c 12 c s ),
4
 16 26 66   Q12 Q11 Q 22 Q 66 Q

Q16 = (Q11  Q12  2 Q66) c s  (Q22  Q12  2 Q66) s c,

3 3

Q 22 = Q11 s 4 + Q 22 c 4 + 2(Q12 +2 Q66) s 2 c 2 ,

Q26 = (Q11  Q12  2 Q66) cs  (Q22  Q12  2 Q66) c s,

3 3

Q66 = (Q11+ Q22  2 Q12  2 Q66) s c + Q66 ( s + c )

2 2 4 4