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EXAMPLES
Structural Wood Design Examples
2015/2018 EDITION
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EXAMPLES
Structural Wood Design Examples
2015/2018 EDITION
Copyright © 2019
American Wood Council
ii STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
2015/2018 Structural Wood Design Examples
First Web Version: August 2019
ISBN 978-1-940383-51-4
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AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL
STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS iii
FOREWORD
This document is intended to aid instruction in structural simple to complex and cover many design scenarios. In
design of wood structures using both Allowable Stress the solutions where a particular provision of the NDS
Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design or SDPWS is cited, reference is made to the document
(LRFD). It contains design examples and complete and corresponding provision number, e.g. NDS 4.3.1.
solutions calculated using ASD and LRFD. Solutions have It is intended that this document be used in conjunction
been developed based on the 2015 and 2018 National with competent engineering design, accurate fabrication,
Design Specification®(NDS®) for Wood Construction, and adequate supervision of construction. Neither the
and the 2015 Special Design Provisions for Wind and American Wood Council, the International Code Council,
Seismic (SDPWS), as appropriate. References are also nor their members assume any responsibility for errors or
made to the 2015 and 2018 Wood Frame Construction omissions in this document, nor for engineering designs,
Manual (WFCM) for One- and Two- Family Dwellings. plans, or construction prepared from it. Those using this
Copies of these standards produced by the American document assume all liability arising from its use. The
Wood Council can be obtained at www.awc.org/codes- design of engineered structures is within the scope of
standards/publications. Procedures will be applicable for expertise of licensed engineers, architects, or other licensed
both 2015 and 2018 versions of the NDS and WFCM, professionals for applications to a particular structure.
unless otherwise noted. Example problems range from
Solutions have been developed using the MathCAD® 15

software by PTC (https://www.ptc.com/). Some formatting is the
result of the program layout, for example the use of “:=” denotes
an assigned value, while an “=” denotes a calculated value.
Examples may contain notes or comments for instances where
program constraints have led to the use of non-standardized
terms or subscripts.
iv STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Problem Page Problem Page
Foreword............................................................. iii Connection Problem Set................................80

2.1a Withdrawal - Plain Shank Nail 80
Characteristic Problem Set............................. 1
2.1b Fastener Uplift - Roof Sheathing Ring
1.1 Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD) 1 Shank Nail - 5/8" WSP (2018 NDS Only) 82
1.2a Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check 2.1c Fastener Uplift - Roof Sheathing Ring
(ASD) 7 Shank Nail - 7/16" WSP (2018 NDS Only) 84
1.2b Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check 2.2 Common Nail Lateral - Single Shear
(LRFD) 11 Wood-to-wood 86
1.3 Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design 2.3 Withdrawal - Lag Screw 91
(ASD) 16
2.4 Wood Screw Lateral - Double Shear
1.4 Compression Members - 4x4 and 6x6 Wood-to-wood 93
(ASD) 23
2.5 Bolt Lateral - Single Shear Wood-to-Wood 97
1.5a Compression Member - 2x6 Stud (ASD) 28
2.6 Bolted Wood-to-Wood Tension Splice
1.5b Compression Member - 2x6 Stud (LRFD) 31 Connection 105
1.6 Bending and Axial Tension (ASD) 34
1.7 Bending and Axial Compression (ASD) 40 Shear Wall Problem Set................................110
1.8 Bi-Axial Bending and Axial Compression 3.1 Segmented Shear Wall - Wind 110
(ASD) 45 3.2 Segmented Shear Wall - Seismic 114
1.9 Loadbearing Wall Wood Stud Resisting 3.3 Perforated Shear Wall - Wind 116
Wind and Gravity Loads 55 3.4 Perforated Shear Wall - Seismic 119
vi STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
STRUCTURAL WOOD DESIGN SOLVED EXAMPLE PROBLEMS 1
1.1 Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD)
1.1
E1.1 - Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD)
ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (ASD AND LRFD)

A No. 1 Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) nominal 2x6 is used for a floor joist @ 16" o.c. (supporting only
dead and live loads) for an exterior deck. The in-service moisture content is greater than 19%, and
the member is not subject to elevated temperatures. The ends are held in place with full-depth
blocking. Determine the adjusted bending design value (F'b) , adjusted shear design value (F'v),
adjusted tension design vaue (F't) and modulii of elasticity (E' and Emin') for the member using
both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Assume
lumber is incised.
2 1.1 ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (ASD AND LRFD)
E1.1 - Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD)

A No. 1 Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) nominal 2x6 is used for a floor joist @ 16" o.c. (supporting only
dead and live loads) for an exterior deck. The in-service moisture content is greater than 19%, and
the member is not subject to elevated temperatures. The ends are held in place with full-depth
blocking. Determine the adjusted bending design value (F'b) , adjusted shear design value (F'v),
adjusted tension design vaue (F't) and modulii of elasticity (E' and Emin') for the member using
both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Assume
lumber is incised.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 1 DF-L 2x6 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Fb  1000 psi E  1700000  psi Emin  660000psi (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Ft  800  psi Fv  180psi
Determine Adjusted Bending Design Value (F'b) using ASD factors
Load Duration Factor

CD  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.2)
Wet Service Factor

CMb  0.85 (NDS Supplement Table 4A Adjustment factors)
Temperature Factor
Ct  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Beam Stability Factor
CL  1.0 (NDS 3.3.3.2 and 4.4.1.2)
Size Factor
CF  1.3 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Flat Use Factor
Cfu  1.0 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Incising Factor
Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
Repetitive Member Factor

Cr  1.15 (NDS 4.3.9)
F' bASD  Fb  CD CMb Ct CL CF Cfu Ci Cr
F' bASD  1017 psi Adjusted ASD Bending Design Value (F'b)
1.1
Determine Adjusted Bending Design Value (F'b) using LRFD factors
Format Conversion Factor

KF  2.54 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Resistance Factor
ϕ  0.85 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Time Effect Factor

(NDS Appendix N.3.3 - use combination 1.2D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R), L
λ  0.8
from occupancy)
F' bLRFD  Fb  CMb Ct CL CF Cfu Ci Cr KF ϕ λ
F' bLRFD  1756 psi Adjusted LRFD Bending Design Value (F'b)
Determine Adjusted Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F'v) using ASD factors
CD  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.2)
Wet Service Factor

CMV  0.97 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Temperature Factor
Ct  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Incising Factor
Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
F' vASD  Fv  CD CMV Ct Ci

Adjusted ASD Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F'v)
F' vASD  140 psi
Determine Adjusted Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F'v) using LRFD factors

KFv  2.88 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Resistance Factor
ϕv  0.75 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Time Effect Factor
λ  0.8 (NDS Appendix N.3.3 - use combination 1.2D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R),
L from occupancy)
F' vLRFD  Fv  CMV Ct Ci KFv ϕv  λ
Adjusted LRFD Shear Parallel to Grain Design Value (F'v)
F' vLRFD  241 psi
Determine Adjusted Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F't) using ASD factors
CD  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.2)
Wet Service Factor

CMt  1.0 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Temperature Factor
Ct  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Size Factor
CF  1.3 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Incising Factor
Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
F' tASD  Ft CD CMt Ct CF Ci

Adjusted ASD Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F't)
F' tASD  832 psi
Determine Adjusted Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F't) using LRFD factors

KFt  2.70 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Resistance Factor
ϕt  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Time Effect Factor
λ  0.8 (NDS Appendix N.3.3 - use combination 1.2D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R), L
from occupancy)
F' tLRFD  Ft CMt Ct CF Ci KFt ϕt λ

Adjusted LRFD Tension Parallel to Grain Design Value (F't)
F' tLRFD  1438 psi
Determine Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (E') (same for ASD and LRFD)
Wet Service Factor

CME  0.9 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Temperature Factor
1.1
CtE  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Incising Factor

CiE  0.95 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
E'  E CME  CtE  CiE
E'  1453500 psi Adjusted ASD/LRFD Modulus of Elasticity (E')
Determine Beam and Column Stability Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (Emin') with ASD Factors
Wet Service Factor

Temperature Factor
CtE  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Incising Factor
CiE  0.95 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
Buckling Stiffness Factor

CT  1.0 (NDS 4.4.2)
E'minASD  E CME  CtE  CiE  CT
E'minASD  1453500 psi Adjusted ASD Beam and Column Stability Modulus of Elasticity (Emin')
Determine Beam and Column Stability Adjusted Modulus of Elasticity (Emin') with LRFD Factors
Wet Service Factor

Temperature Factor
CtE  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Incising Factor
CiE  0.95 (NDS Table 4.3.8)
Buckling Stiffness Factor

CT  1.0 (NDS 4.4.2)

KFE  1.76 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Resistance Factor
ϕE  0.85 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
E'minLRFD  E CME  CtE  CiE  CT KFE ϕE
E'minLRFD  2174436 psi Adjusted LRFD Beam and Column Stability Modulus of Elasticity (Emin')
1.2a Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)
E1.2a - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)
1.2A
A Select Structural Douglas Fir-Larch (DF-L) nominal 4X16 beam on a 20 ft span supports a hoist located at the
center of the span. Determine the maximum allowable load on the hoist (including its weight) based on
bending. Assume normal load duration. The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate. Lateral support is provided
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)

only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned.
Check beam's capacity to resist shear stress from maximum (moment controlled) load; determine deflection
from maximum load and check bearing capacity.
Notes:
Load cases used in this example have been simplified for clarity. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements
on load combinations.
8 1.2A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)
E1.2a - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)

bending. Assume normal load duration. The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate. Lateral support is provided
only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned.
Notes:
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 4x16 Select Structural DF-L (size adjusted 4x12 values)
Fb  1500 psi E  1900000  psi Emin  690000 psi (Table 4A)

Fc⊥  625  psi Fv  180  psi
CD  1.0 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0

Cfu  1.0 Cr  1.0 Ci  1.0
CT  1.0 CF  1.0 (Table 4A 14" and wider)
E'  E CM  Ct Ci E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT

E'  1900000 psi E'min  690000 psi
Member dimensions and properties

l  20 ft b  3.5 in d  15.25  in wbearing  3.5 in (width of bearing)
3
2 b d
b d I 
Ag  b  d S  12
6
2 3 4
Ag  53.38  in S  135.66 in I  1034 in
F' b*  Fb  CD CM  Ct CF Ci Cr F'b* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors except the beam stability factor CL and flat use factor
F' b*  1500 psi
Cfu applied.
in
l u  12 l l u  240  in Laterally unsupported length
ft
lu
 15.7 lu/d >7 (Table 3.3.3)
d
l e  1.37 l u  3  d l e  375  in (Table 3.3.3)
l e d
RB  RB  21.6 Slenderness ratio for bending (3.3-5)
1.2A
2
b
1.20 E'min
FbE  FbE  1776 psi Critical bucking design value for bending (3.7.1)
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)

2
RB
2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
    b*     F'b* 
CL   
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.876

F' b  F' b* Cfu CL 
F' b  1313 psi Adjusted bending design value with all adjustment factors
Determine Maximum Moment Allowed on Beam
Maximum total moment is the adjusted bending design value F' b times the section modulus S
S
M max  F' b  M max  14849  ftꞏlbf
in
12
ft
Determine Maximum Hoist Load P

Maximum hoist load P is determined from subtracting moment due to beam weight from the maximum total moment
allowed on the beam and solving for hoist load P. Load P creates a moment on beam length L of PL/4. Assume
density of beam material is 37.5 lbs/ft3 (110% of tabulated of the specific gravity G for Southern Pine).
lbf b d
ρ  37.5 wbeamweight  ρ  wbeamweight  13.9 plf Note:
3 in in wbeamweight is self weight of beam
ft 12 12
ft ft
2
wbeamweight  ( l) Mbeamweight is moment due to self
M beamweight  M beamweight  695  ftꞏlbf
8 weight
Mallow is maximum allowable
M allow  M max  M beamweight M allow  14154  ftꞏlbf moment due to applied hoist load
M allow
P  4
l
Result:
The total allowable concentrated moment-limited midspan load (hoist plus payload) is P  2831 lbf
10 1.2A SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)
Check Beam's Capacity to Resist Shear from Maximum (bending controlled) Load
P
V  V  1415 lbf
2
3 V
fv  fv  40 psi
2 b d
F' v  Fv  CD CM  Ct Ci F' v  180 psi fv<F'v okay
Check Compression Perpendicular to Grain at Bearing Points

V
fc⊥  fc⊥  116 psi
b  wbearing
F' c⊥  Fc⊥ CM  Ct Ci F' c⊥  625 psi fc⊥< F' c⊥ okay
Note: NDS Section 4.3.12 allows Fc⊥ to be increased by Cb as specified in Section 3.10.4. That increase was
not used in this example.
Check Deflection
Total deflection is the combination of deflection from beam weight and deflection from the applied crane load.
Deflection from beam weight is considered long term deflection. Deflection from crane load may be considered
short-term.
wbeamweight ft 4
5 in
Δbeam_weight      l 12  Δbeam_weight  0.025  in
384  E I 12 in  
ft
3
P  in
Δcrane_load    l  12  Δcrane_load  0.415  in
48 E I  ft 
Δtotal  Δbeam_weight  Δcrane_load Δtotal  0.44 in
Calculate Span/Deflection Ratio

in
12 l
ft
 545 L/Δtotal ratio
Δtotal
1.2b Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (LRFD)
E1.2b - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (LRFD)

bending. Assume load combination 1.2D+1.6L applies (λ=0.8). The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate.
1.2B
Lateral support is provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned.
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (LRFD)

Notes:
12 1.2B SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (LRFD)
E1.2b - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (LRFD)

bending. Assume load combination 1.2D+1.6L applies (λ=0.8). The beam is supported on a 2x4 top plate.
Lateral support is provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are considered pinned.
Notes:
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 4x16 Select Structural DF-L (size adjusted 4x12 values)
Fb  1500 psi E  1900000  psi Emin  690000 psi (Table 4A)

Fc⊥  625  psi Fv  180  psi
λ  0.8 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0

Cfu  1.0 Cr  1.0 Ci  1.0
CT  1.0 CF  1.0 (Table 4A 14" and wider)
KFb  2.54 ϕb  0.85

Subscript "b" denotes bending, "v" denotes
KFv  2.88 ϕv  0.75 shear, "c ⊥" denotes compression
perpendicular to grain
KFc⊥  1.67 ϕc⊥  0.90
KFEmin  1.76 ϕEmin  0.85
E'  E CM  Ct Ci E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT KFEmin ϕEmin

E'  1900000 psi E'min  1032240 psi
Member length and properties

l  20 ft b  3.5 in d  15.25  in wbearing  3.5 in (width of bearing)
3
2 b d
b d I 
Ag  b  d S  12
6
2 3 4
Ag  53.38  in S  135.66 in I  1034 in

F'b* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
F' b*  Fb  CM  Ct CF Ci Cr KFb ϕb  λ factors except the beam stability factor CL and flat use factor
Cfu applied. The following calculations determine the beam
F' b*  2591 psi
stabilty factor CL:
in
l u  12 l l u  240  in Laterally unsupported length
ft
lu
 15.7 lu/d >7 (Table 3.3.3)
d
1.2B
l e  1.37 l u  3  d l e  375  in (Table 3.3.3)

l e d
2
b
1.20 E'min
2
RB
2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
    b*     F'b* 
CL   
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.827

F' b  F' b* Cfu CL 
F' b  2143 psi F'b is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors.
Determine Maximum Moment Allowed on Beam
Maximum total moment is the adjusted bending design value F' b times the section modulus S
S
M max  F' b  M max  24230  ftꞏlbf
in
12
ft
14 1.2B SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (LRFD)
Determine Maximum Hoist Load P

Maximum hoist load P is determined from subtracting moment due to beam weight from the maximum total moment
allowed on the beam and solving for hoist load P. Load P creates a moment on beam length L of PL/4. Assume
density of beam material is 37.5 lbs/ft3 (110% of tabulated of the specific gravity G for Southern Pine).
Note:
lbf
ρ  37.5 b d wbeamweight is self weight of beam
3 wbeamweight  ρ 
ft in in
12 12
ft ft Mbeamweight is moment due to self
weight
Mallow is maximum allowable
wbeamweight  13.9 plf
moment due to applied hoist load
2
1.2wbeamweight  ( l)
M beamweight  M beamweight  834  ftꞏlbf 1.2 factor for load combination 1.2D+1.6L
8 applied here
M allow  M max  M beamweight
M allow  23396  ftꞏlbf
M allow
P  4 1.6 factor for load combination 1.2D+1.6L
l  1.6 applied here
Result:
The total allowable concentrated moment-limited midspan load (hoist plus payload) is P  2925 lbf
Check Beam's Capacity to Resist Shear from Maximum (bending controlled) Load
1.6P
V  1.6 factor applied here for live load V  2340 lbf
2
3 V
fv  fv  66 psi
2 b d
F' v  Fv  CM  Ct Ci KFv ϕv  λ F' v  311 psi fv<F'v OK
Check Compression Perpendicular to Grain at Bearing Points

V
fc⊥  fc⊥  191 psi
b  wbearing
F' c⊥  Fc⊥ CM  Ct Ci KFc⊥ ϕc⊥ F' c⊥  939 psi fc⊥< F' c⊥ OK
Note: NDS Section 4.3.12 allows Fc⊥ to be increased by Cb as specified in Section 3.10.4. That increase was not used in
this example.
Check Deflection
Total deflection is the combination of deflection from beam weight and deflection from the applied crane load.
Deflection from beam weight is considered long term deflection. Deflection from crane load may be considered
short-term.
wbeamweight ft 4
1.2B
5 in
Δbeam_weight      l 12  Δbeam_weight  0.025  in
384  E I 12 in  
ft
3
P  in
Δcrane_load    l  12  Δcrane_load  0.429  in

48 E I  ft 
Δtotal  Δbeam_weight  Δcrane_load Δtotal  0.454  in
Calculate Span/Deflection Ratio

in
12 l
ft
 529 L/Δtotal ratio
Δtotal
16 1.3 GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAM DESIGN (ASD)
1.3 Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design (ASD)
E1.3 - Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design (ASD)

Design a simple roof supporting beam spanning 32 ft, with 5000 lb loads (1000 lb dead load (DL) + 4000 lb
snow load (SL)) applied by purlins at 8 ft on center (at 1/4 points plus the ends). Member has lateral supports
at the ends and compression edge supports at the purlin locations. Beam supports are 6 inches long.
Assume dry service conditions. Temperature is less than 100 degrees (F) but occasionally may reach 150
degrees (F). Use 24F-1.8E structural glued laminated (glulam) Southern Pine timber.
Notes:
E1.3 - Glued Laminated Timber Beam Design (ASD)

Design a simple roof supporting beam spanning 32 ft, with 5000 lb loads (1000 lb dead load (DL) + 4000 lb
snow load (SL)) applied by purlins at 8 ft on center (at 1/4 points plus the ends). Member has lateral supports
at the ends and compression edge supports at the purlin locations. Beam supports are 6 inches long.
Assume dry service conditions. Temperature is less than 100 degrees (F) but occasionally may reach 150
degrees (F). Use 24F-1.8E structural glued laminated (glulam) Southern Pine timber.
Notes:
1.3
GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAM DESIGN (ASD)

Reference and Adjusted Design Values for 24F-1.8E structural glued laminated softwood timber
Fbx+  2400 psi

 Fbx-  1450 psi
 (NDS Supplement Table 5A)
F
c⊥x  650  psi Fvx  265  psi

Ft  1100 psi  Fc  1600 psi
Ex  1800000  psi 
Exmin  950000 psi
CD  1.15 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 Temp up to 150 degrees F only occasionally
Cfu  1.0 Cc  1.0 Cb  1.0 CI  1.0 Cvr  1.0 (NDS Table 5.3.1)
E'x  Ex  CM  Ct E'xmin  Exmin CM  Ct

Note: Ex notation has changed to Ex app for 2018 NDS
E'x  1800000 psi E'xmin  950000 psi

l  32 ft b  5  in
 d  30.25  in Initial iteration
Note: Beam length designated as lower case l instead of upper case L used in the Specification nomenclature
2 3
b d b d
A
g  b d Sxx  Ixx  lsupport
 6  in
6 12
2 3 4
Ag 151.3  in
 Sxx 762.6  in 
 Ixx 11534  in
Fbx+*  Fbx+ CD CM  Ct Cc CI F'b* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors except the beam stability factor CL flat use factor Cfu
Fbx+*  2760 psi
and volume factor CV applied.
in
l u  12  8  ft l u 96 in
 Laterally unsupported length
ft
l e  1.54 l u l e 148  in (Table 3.3.3)
l e d
2
b
1.20 E'xmin
FbE  FbE  6373 psi Critical bucking design value for bending (3.3.3.8)
2
RB
2 Note: CL must be ≤ 1.0 per NDS 5.3-1

 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fbx+*
    bx+*     bx+* 
CL   
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.965
Volume Factor
x  20 Southern Pine
 1 
 
1 1 1
CV  min 
 21 ft  x  12 in  x  5.125  in  x 
      
 l   d   b  
CV  0.936 CL and Cv shall not apply simulatenously (5.3.5). CV is
less than CL. CV controls
Adjusted Bending Design Value
   CL   
F' b  Fbx+* min C
   CV   fu
F' b  2584 psi F'b is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors.
Assume Beam Weight and Determine Section Modulus Required to Resist Bending
Wood density can be estimated based on NDS Supplement 3.1.3. Maximum total moment is
the adjusted bending design value F' b times the section modulus, S
lbf
wbeamweight
 40 Estimated self weight of beam
ft
P  5000 lbf Load from purlin
 wbeamweight  l 
2
l in
M est   P    12 M est 1021440  inꞏlbf

 2 8  ft
M est
Sreqd  3
F' b S
reqd 395  in Sreqd is < 762.6 in3 so try a smaller
section for efficiency
Try a 5 X 22 member
b
2  5  in d 2  22 in
 Beam dimension for trial section. Subscript "2" used to denote
second iteration
2
b2 d2 3
A b2 d2
g2  b 2  d 2 Sxx2 
6 Ixx2 
12
2 3 4
Ag2 110  in
 Sxx2 403.3  in
 Ixx2 4437 in

1.3
l e d 2
RB2  RB2  11.406 Slenderness ratio for bending (3.3-5)
2
b2
1.20 E'xmin
FbE2  FbE2  8763 psi Critical bucking design value for bending (3.3.3.8)
2
RB2
2
 FbE2    FbE2    FbE2 
1  1 F   
 Note: CL must be ≤ 1.0 per NDS 5.3-1
CL2 
 Fbx+*
  
 bx+*     Fbx+* 

1.9  1.9  0.95
CL2  0.978
 1 
 1 1 1

CV2  min 
 21 ft  x  12 in  x  5.125  in  x 
 l    d    b  
   2   2  
CV2  0.951 CL and Cv shall not apply simulatenously (5.3.5). CV is
less than CL. CV controls
Adjusted Bending Design Value
   CL2   
F' b2  Fbx+* min  C
   CV2   fu
F' b2  2625 psi F'b2 is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors for the trial section considered.
lbf
wbeamweight2
 30
ft Self weight for 5 X 22 beam estimated per NDS
Supplement 3.1.3
 wbeamweight2 l 
2
l in
M 2   P    12 ft
 2 8 
M 2 1006080  inꞏlbf
M2
Sreqd2 
F' b2
3
Sreqd2
 383  in 383 in3 < 403 in3
Okay
Shear Parallel to Grain

The two 5000 pound purlin loads at the ends of the beam are within "d" of the supports and can be ignored for shear
(3.4.3.1(a)). Shear determined from remaining purlin loads
3 P
Vpurlins 
2
Vpurlins  7500 lbf
l 1
Vbeamweight2  wbeamweight2    d 2   lsupport
 2  2 
Vbeamweight2  417.5 lbf
Vtotal  Vpurlins  Vbeamweight2
Vtotal  7918 lbf
Adjusted (Fv') and Actual (fv) Shear Parallel to Grain

Cvr  1.0 (NDS 5.3.10)
F' v  Fvx CD CM  Ct Cvr
F' v  305 psi

3 Vtotal
fv 
 
2 b2 d2
fv < F'v Actual shear stress parallel to grain less than adjusted OK
fv  108 psi
Compression Perpendicular to Grain
At Bearing Ends
The bearing ends of the beam transmit all the purlin loads so the two 5000 pound purlin loads at the ends of the beam
are included in the bearing load calculations
1
Rpurlins
  5 P
2
Rpurlins  12500 lbf
1   lsupport 
Rbeamweight2   wbeamweight2 l  2  
2   2 
Rbeamweight2  487.5 lbf
Rtotal  Rpurlins  Rbeamweight2
Rtotal  12988 lbf
F' c⊥x  Fc⊥x  CM  Ct
F' c⊥x  650 psi

Rtotal
fc⊥ 
b 2  lsupport
fc⊥  433 psi

Actual compression stress perpendicular to grain is less than
1.3
the adjusted compression perpendicular to grain design value.
OK

At Purlins
Purlins are supported by saddle style hangers that transfer commpressive loads to the top of the beam.
Determine the area of the hangers required to support each purlin without creating actual compression stresses
greater than the adjusted compression perpendicular to grain design value
P
Ahanger 
F' c⊥x
2
Ahanger
 7.69 in
Assuming that purlins frame in from both sides of the beam, the width of the hanger can be calculated as follows:
Ahanger
whanger 
0.50 b 2
whanger
 3.08 in
A 3-1/8 wide purlin hanger is adequate. Note: The compression perpendicular to grain design value F'c⊥ can be
increased by the bearing area factor Cb (5.3.12). For 3 inch bearing the factor is:
l b  0.375  in
l b  3  in
 Cb  Cb  1.125
lb
1
 whanger
 2.735  in
Cb
Using the bearing factor Cb confirms that a 3 inch wide hanger across the beam would be adequate.
At this stage of the calculations, the span of the beam can be reviewed. The 32 foot span was based on the
center to center distance between supports. The length of the span used in design is the face to face distance
plus 1/2 of the required bearing length at the ends (3.2.1).
In the example, the face to face distance is 32 ft minus 6 inches or 31.5 feet. At the end of the beam the required
bearing distance is 12,998 lbs/(5 inches * 650 psi) or 4 inches. At the interior face, half the purlin load is assumed
to be transferred to the beam end. Required length in bearing is (2500 lbs + 7500 lbs + 488 lbs)/5 inches * 650
psi) or 3.25 inches. The two required bearing lengths and the face to face distance produces a span of 31.5 ft +
1/2 (4.00/12) + 1/2 (3.25/12) or 31.8 feet which 99.4% of the center to center span. The shorter span reduces
moments and bending stresses by 1.25%. The reduction is considered insufficient to allow the use of the next
smaller beam.
Deflection
The specification does not include specific deflection limits for roofs. In some applications, deflections may be critical
and the designer may wish to limit deflections. For this example, a deflection limit of L/240 has been selected.
Dead load deflection is usually calculated to determine the desired camber of the beam. The recommended camber is
usually 150% of the dead load deflection. Deflection for the 5000 lb concentrated loads and the beam weight is:
4
 wbeamweight2   in
3  5    l 12 
19 P  12 l
in 
  12
in
 ft 
Δpurlin 
 ft 
Δbeamweight 
 ft 
384  E'x  Ixx2 384E'x  Ixx2
Δ
purlin 1.754  in Δbeamweight
 0.089  in Δcamber  0.375in
Δtotal  Δpurlin  Δbeamweight  Δcamber

Note: for this example 3/8" camber will be specified
Δtotal 1.468  in

Length/Deflection Ratio
in
l  12
ft
 262 L/Δ >240. The length deflection ratio satisfies specified criteria
Δtotal
1.4 Compression Members and Column Stability Calculation (ASD)
E1.4 - Compression Members and Column Stability Calculation (ASD)

Compare the axial compression capacity of a nominal 4x4 and nominal 6x6 post being used for
an interior column (only carrying gravity loads - dead load (DL) + floor live load (LL)). Both
members are No. 2 Southern Pine and have a length of 10 feet. Both ends are assumed to be
pinned (Ke=1.0 - NDS 3.7.1.2). Assume all members are loaded concentrically.
1.4
COMPRESSION MEMBERS AND COLUMN STABILITY CALCULATION (ASD)
24 1.4 COMPRESSION MEMBERS AND COLUMN STABILITY CALCULATION (ASD)
E1.4 - Compression Members and Column Stability Calculation (ASD)

Compare the axial compression capacity of a nominal 4x4 and nominal 6x6 post being used for
an interior column (only carrying gravity loads - dead load (DL) + floor live load (LL)). Both
members are No. 2 Southern Pine and have a length of 10 feet. Both ends are assumed to be
pinned (Ke=1.0 - NDS 3.7.1.2). Assume all members are loaded concentrically.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values - 4x4 Post
Fc  1450psi
(NDS Supplement Table 4B)
E  1400000psi
Emin  510000psi
CF  1.0 Size factor (NDS Supplement Table 4B)
CM  1.0 Moisture factor (NDS Supplement Table 4B)

Ct  1.0 Temperature factor (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Ci  1.0
Incising factor (NDS Table 4.3.8)
CT  1.0 Buckling Stiffness factor (NDS 4.4.2)
CD  1.0 Load Duration factor (NDS Table 2.3.2)
6
E'  E CM  Ct Ci E'  1.4  10  psi
5
E'min  Emin CM  Ci Ct CT E'min  5.1  10  psi
d  3.5in Actual member dimensions = 3.5" x 3.5"
2
Area  12.25in
Ke  1.0
Length  120in
l e  Ke Length

l e 120  in
le
 34.3 Needs to be less than 50 (NDS 3.7.1.3)
d
Column Stability Factor Calculation
( 0.822  E'min)
FcE  FcE 357  psi
 (NDS 3.7.1)
2
 le 
 
d
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci Fc* 1450 psi


1.4
csawn  0.8 (NDS 3.7.1)

2
 FcE   FcE    FcE 
1     1     
Fc* Fc* 
CP 
       Fc* 
2c  2c  csawn
sawn  sawn 
CP  0.232
Axial Buckling Capacity

F' c  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci CP
F' c 336  psi


P  F' c Area
P 4120 lbf
Bearing Capacity
fc  F' c fc  336 psi Actual compression stress parallel to grain
assuming column loaded to 100% calculated
0.75 Fc*  1088 psi buckling capacity
fc is less than Fc* (NDS 3.10.1) so bearing parallel to grain is OK.

fc is less than 0.75 Fc*, so no rigid bearing insert is required per NDS 3.10.1.3
26 1.4 COMPRESSION MEMBERS AND COLUMN STABILITY CALCULATION (ASD)
Reference and Adjusted Design Values - 6x6 Post

Note: "2" subscript indicates 6x6;
differentiates between 6x6 and
Fc2  525psi 4x4 properties and calculations
(NDS Supplement Table 4D)
E2  1200000psi
Emin2  440000psi
CF2  1.0 Size factor (NDS Supplement Table 4D)
CM2  1.0 Moisture factor (NDS Supplement Table 4D)
Ct2  1.0 Temperature factor (NDS Table 2.3.3)
Ci2  1.0 Incising factor (NDS Table 4.3.8)
CT2  1.0 Buckling Stiffness factor (NDS 4.4.2)
CD2  1.0 Load Duration factor (NDS Table 2.3.2)

6
E'2  E2  CM2 Ct2 Ci2 E'2  1.2  10  psi
5
E'min2  Emin2 CM2 Ci2 Ct2 CT2 E'min2  4.4  10  psi
d 2  5.5in
Actual member dimensions = 5.5" x 5.5"
2
Area2  30.25in
Ke2  1.0
Length2  120in
l e2  Ke2 Length2

l e2 120  in

l e2
 21.8
d2 Needs to be less than 50 (NDS 3.7.1.3)
Column Stability Factor Calculation
FcE2 
0.822  E'min2 F (NDS 3.7.1)
2 cE2 760  psi
 le2 
d 
 2
Fc2*  Fc2 CD2 CM2 Ct2 CF2 Ci2 F

c2* 525  psi
(NDS 3.7.1)
csawn2  0.8
1.4
2
 FcE2   FcE2    FcE2 

1     1     
Fc2* Fc2* 
CP2 
       Fc2* 
2c  2c  csawn2
sawn2  sawn2 
CP2  0.801
Axial Buckling Capacity
F' c2  Fc2 CD2 CM2 Ct2 CF2 Ci2 CP2
F' c2 421  psi


P2  F' c2 Area2


P2 12725  lbf
Bearing Capacity
fc2  F' c2 fc2  421 psi Actual compression stress parallel to grain assuming
column loaded to 100% calculated buckling capacity
0.75 Fc2*  394 psi
fc is less than Fc* (NDS 3.10.1) so bearing parallel to grain is OK.

fc is greater than 0.75 Fc*, so rigid bearing insert such as 20 gage metal plate is required per
NDS 3.10.1.3.
4x4 Post Capacity = 4120 lbs (no bearing plate required)
6x6 Post Capacity = 12725 lbs (bearing plate required)

Note: for eccentrically loaded columns, see NDS Chapter 15
28 1.5A COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (ASD)
1.5a Compression MemberAnalysis (ASD)
E1.5a - Compression Member Analysis (ASD)

A No 2 Spruce Pine Fir (SPF) nominal 2X6 interior bearing stud, 91.5 inches long, sheathed on both sides with
gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof. Determine CP and the allowable compression
parallel to grain design value (Fc') for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16" on center and top and bottom
plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial loads based on buckling and bearing limit states.
E1.5a - Compression Member Analysis (ASD)

gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof. Determine CP and the allowable compression
parallel to grain design value (Fc') for the stud. Assume studs are placed 16" on center and top and bottom
plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial loads based on buckling and bearing limit states.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 2 SPF 2x6
Fc  1150 psi Emin  510000 psi Fc⊥  425  psi (NDS Table 4A)
CD  1.15 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 CF  1.1 Ci  1.0 CT  1.0 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
1.5A
E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT E'min  510000 psi
F' c⊥  Fc⊥ CM  Ct Ci F' c⊥  425 psi
COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (ASD)

l  91.5 in b  1.5 in d  5.5 in
Column Stability Factor

Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci Fc* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors except the column stability factor CP ,
Fc*  1455 psi
Effective lengths of compression member in planes of lateral
l e2  0 l e1  l support. Strong axis buckling controls. See NDS A.11.3
regarding lateral support of the weak axis due to gypsum
l e2 l e1 sheathing.
0  16.636
b d le<50 OK (NDS 3.7.1.4)
0.822  E'min
FcE  FcE  1515 psi Critical bucking design value for compression
2 members (3.7.1.5)
 le1 
 
 d 
c  0.8 Sawn lumber (3.7.1.5)
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
   Fc*    c* 
CP      Column Stability Factor (3.7-1)
2 c  2 c  c
CP  0.705

F' c  Fc* CP 
F' c  1025 psi F'c is adjusted compression parallel to grain design value with
all adjustment factors.
30 1.5A COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (ASD)
Determine Axial Loads Based on Buckling and Bearing
PBuckling  b  d  F' c PBuckling  8458 lbf

PBearing  b  d  F' c⊥ PBearing  3506 lbf Perpendicular to grain bearing
PBearing2  b  d  Fc* PBearing2  12002 lbf Parallel to grain bearing
Note: Bearing area factor (Cb) can be used to increase the bearing controlled load on interior studs. The bearing
factor for the 1-1/2 bearing length measured parallel to grain is 1.25 (Equation 3.10-2 and Table 3.10.4)
Cb  1.25
PBearingIncreased  b  d  F' c⊥ Cb PBearingIncreased  4383 lbf
Controlling Value
Note: With a 3:1 snow to dead load ratio, this translates to 3,287 lbs snow load and 1,096 lbs dead load.
1.5b Compression MemberAnalysis (LRFD)
E1.5b - Compression Member Analysis (LRFD)

gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof (assume load combination 1.2D + 1.6S, λ=0.8).
Determine CP and the allowable compression parallel to grain design value (Fc') for the stud. Assume studs are
placed 16" on center and top and bottom plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial loads based
on buckling and bearing limit states.
1.5B COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (LRD)
32 1.5B COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (LRFD)
E1.5b - Compression Member Analysis (LRFD)

gypsum board, carries dead load and snow load from the roof (assume load combination 1.2D + 1.6S, λ=0.8).
Determine CP and the allowable compression parallel to grain design value (Fc') for the stud. Assume studs are
placed 16" on center and top and bottom plates are the same grade and species. Determine axial loads based
on buckling and bearing limit states.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 2 SPF 2x6
Fc  1150 psi Emin  510000 psi Fc⊥  425  psi (NDS Table 4A)
λ  0.8 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 CF  1.1 Ci  1.0 CT  1.0 (NDS Table 4.3.1 and Appendix N)
KFc  2.40 ϕc  0.9 KFEmin  1.76 ϕEmin  0.85
Kc⊥  1.67 ϕc⊥  0.9
E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT KFEmin ϕEmin E'min  762960 psi
F' c⊥  Fc⊥ CM  Ct Ci Kc⊥ ϕc⊥ F' c⊥  638.775 psi

l  91.5 in b  1.5 in d  5.5 in
Column Stability Factor

Fc*  Fc CM  Ct CF Ci KFc ϕc λ Fc* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors except the column stability factor CP ,
Fc*  2186 psi
l e2  0 l e1  l Effective lengths of compression member in planes of lateral

support. Strong axis buckling controls
l e2 l e1
0  16.636 <50 OK (NDS 3.7.1.4)
b d
0.822  E'min
FcE  FcE  2266 psi Critical buckling design value for compression
2 members (NDS 3.7.1.5)
 le1 
 
 d 
c  0.8 Sawn lumber (NDS 3.7.1.5)
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
    Fc*    c* 
CP   2 c   Column Stability Factor (NDS 3.7-1)
2 c   c
CP  0.703

F' c  Fc* CP 
F' c  1537 psi F'c is adjusted compression design value with all adjustment
factors.
Determine Axial Loads Based on Buckling and Bearing
PBuckling  b  d  F' c PBuckling  12683 lbf

PBearing  b  d  F' c⊥ PBearing  5270 lbf Perpendicular to grain bearing
PBearing2  b  d  Fc*
PBearing2  18034 lbf Parallel to grain bearing
Note: Bearing area factor (Cb) can be used to increase the bearing controlled load on interior studs. The bearing
factor for the 1-1/2 bearing length measured parallel to grain is 1.25 (NDS Equation 3.10-2 and Table 3.10.4)
Cb  1.25
1.5B COMPRESSION MEMBER ANALYSIS (LRD)

PBearingIncreased  b  d  F' c⊥ Cb PBearingIncreased  6587 lbf
Controlling Value
Note: With a 3:1 snow to dead load ratio, this translates to 3,294 lbs snow load and 1098 lbs dead load.
34 1.6 COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL TENSION (ASD)
1.6 Combined Bending and Axial Tension (ASD)
E1.6 - Combined Bending and Axial Tension Loading of a Truss Chord Member (ASD)
A No. 2 Hem-Fir nominal 2x8 is considered for use as the bottom chord of a 24-ft roof truss (12 ft between panel
points). The chord will be subject to a uniform dead load of 8 psf as well as tension forces (assuming pinned
connections) of 880 lb from roof wind loads (WL), 880 lb from roof live (RLL) and 1420 lb from dead loads (DL).
Trusses are to be spaced 4 ft on center. Framing will have a 19% (max) moisture content. Check the adequacy
of the bottom chord member for bending and tension for the appropriate load cases.
Note: Load cases used in this example have been simplified for clarity. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for
requirements on load combinations.
E1.6 - Combined Bending and Axial Tension Loading of a Truss Chord Member (ASD)
A No. 2 Hem-Fir nominal 2x8 is considered for use as the bottom chord of a 24-ft roof truss (12 ft between panel
points). The chord will be subject to a uniform dead load of 8 psf as well as tension forces (assuming pinned
connections) of 880 lb from roof wind loads (WL), 880 lb from roof live (RLL) and 1420 lb from dead loads (DL).
Trusses are to be spaced 4 ft on center. Framing will have a 19% (max) moisture content. Check the adequacy
of the bottom chord member for bending and tension for the appropriate load cases.
Note: Load cases used in this example have been simplified for clarity. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for
requirements on load combinations.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 2 Hem-Fir 2x8
Fb  850  psi
 E  1300000  psi 
Emin  470000 psi (NDS Supplement Table 4A)
Ft  525  psi
 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 CF  1.2 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Cfu  1.0 Ci  1.0 Cr  1.0
CT  1.0
E'  E CM  Ct Ci E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT
1.6
E'  1300000 psi E'min  470000 psi
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL TENSION (ASD)

l  12 ft b  1.5 in d  7.25 in
2
b d
A
g  b d S 
6
2 3
Ag 10.875
in S 13.141 in
Applied Loads
lbf
w
D  8 2 wtrib
 4  ft Twind
 880  lbf T
Live  880  lbf T
Dead  1420 lbf
ft
Load Case 1: DL + RLL + WL

CD  1.6 NDS Appendix B Section B.2 (non-mandatory)
Tension
Ft'  Ft CD CM  Ct CF Ci Adjusted tension parallel to grain design value for short
duration loads (NDS 2.3.1 and 4.3.1)
Ft' 1008 psi
T1  Twind  TLive  TDead Subscripts refer to Load Case
T1 3180 lbf

T1
ft1  Tensile stress in bottom chord
Ag
ft1 292  psi

 Ft' 1008 psi Actual tension stress is less than adjusted tension parallel to
design value. OK (NDS 3.8.1)
Bending
F'b* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
F' b*  Fb  CD CM  Ct CF Ci Cr factors except the beam stability factor CL and flat use factor
Cfu applied. The following calculations determine the beam
F' b*  1632 psi
stabilty factor CL:
Determine Beam Stability Factor CL (NDS 3.3.3)

in
l u  12  l l u 144  in
 Laterally unsupported length
ft
lu
 19.9 lu/d >7 (NDS Table 3.3.3)
d
l e  1.63 l u  3  d l e 256.5  in (NDS Table 3.3.3)
l e d
RB  RB  28.75 RB < 50 OK (NDS 3.3.3.7)
2
b
1.20 E'min
FbE  FbE  682 psi (NDS 3.3.3.6)
2
RB
2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
    b*     F'b* 
CL    (NDS Equation 3.3-6)
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.404 Resulting beam stability factor CL.
F' b  F' b* CL Cfu F'b is the fully adjusted bending design value with all
adjustment factors including the beam stability factor CL
F' b  660 psi
and flat use factor applied
F'b**  F' b Since Cv does not apply to solid sawn lumber, F'b** is
equal to F'b
F'b**  660 psi
2 in
wD wtrib l  12 ft Bending resulting from dead load
M max 
8
M
 max 6912 inꞏlbf
M max
fb  fb  526 psi
S
fb 526  psi
 F' b 660  psi
 Ok. Actual bending stress fb does not exceed adjusted
bending design value F'b
Combined Bending and Axial Tension
1.6
ft1 fb
  0.61 <1.0. Ok (NDS Equation 3.9-1)
Ft' F' b*

fb  ft1
 0.354 <1.0 ok (NDS Equation 3.9-2)
F'b**
Load Case 2: DL+RLL

CD  1.25
Appendix B Section B.2 (non-mandatory). Roof Live Load is
a construction load.
Tension
Ft'  Ft CD CM  Ct CF Ci Adjusted tension parallel to grain design value for short
duration loads (NDS 2.3.1 and 4.3.1)
Ft' 787.5  psi
T2  TLive  TDead
T2 2300 lbf

T2
ft2 
Ag
ft2 211  psi

 Ft' 787  psi

F' b*  Fb  CD CM  Ct CF Ci Cr
F' b*  1275 psi

2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
    b*     F'b* 
CL   
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.509
F' b  F' b* CL Cfu
F' b 649  psi


F'b**  F' b
F'b**  649 psi
fb 526  psi
 F' b 649  psi


ft2 fb
  0.68 <1.0. ok
Ft' F' b*
fb  ft2
 0.48 <1.0 ok
F'b**
Load Case 3: DL only

CD  0.9
Tension
Ft'  Ft CD CF CM  Ci Ct
Ft' 567  psi

T3  TDead
T3 1420 lbf

T3
ft3 
Ag
ft3 131  psi

 Ft' 567  psi

Bending
F' b*  Fb  CD CM  Ct CF Ci Cr
F' b*  918 psi
1.6
2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
    b*     F'b* 
CL   

1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.674
F' b  F' b* CL Cfu
F' b 619  psi


F'b**  F' b
F'b**  619 psi

fb 526  psi
 F' b 619  psi

ft3 fb
  0.8 <1.0. ok
Ft' F' b*
fb  ft3
 0.64 <1.0 ok
F'b**
Results: No 2 Hem-Fir 2 x 8 satisfies NDS Criteria for combined bending and axial tension.
40 E1.7 COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION (ASD)
1.7 Combined Bending and Axial Compression (ASD)
E1.7 - Combined Bending and Axial Compression (ASD)

No. 1 Southern Pine nominal 2x6 beam-columns are being designed to carry an axial compressive load of 840
No. 1 Southern
lb (snow) Pinelbnominal
and 560 2x6 beam-columns
(dead) plus areon
a 25 psf wind load being
theirdesigned to carry
narrow face. an axial
Columns arecompressive
9 ft long andload of 840
spaced 4
lbfeet
(snow)
o.c. and
Their560 lb (dead)
ends are heldplus a 25 psfand
in position wind load support
lateral on their is
narrow face.
provided Columns
along are 9narrow
the entire ft long face.
and spaced 4
feet o.c. Their ends are held in position and lateral support is provided along the entire narrow face.
Check the adequacy of the beam-column for bending and compression for the appropriate load cases.
Notes:
Notes:
Load cases
on load used in this example have been simplified for clarity. Refer to NDS Section 1.4.4 for requirements
combinations.
onTheload combinations.
column being considered is not subjected to especially severe service conditions or extraordinary hazard.
The column being considered is not subjected to especially severe service conditions or extraordinary hazard.
Reference and Adjusted Design Values for No. 1 Southern Pine 2x6
Fb  1350 psi E  1600000  psi Emin  580000 psi (NDS Supplement Table 4B)
Fc  1550 psi CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 CF  1.0 (NDS Table 4.3.1)
Cfu  1.0 Ci  1.0 Cr  1.0 Flat use factors are for weak axis
bending. However, since lateral
CT  1.0 c  0.8 support is provided along the
entire narrow face, Cfu = 1.0
E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT factor "c" in column stability factor CP
equation for sawn lumber. (3.7.1)
E'min  580000 psi

l  9  ft b  1.5 in d  5.5 in
2 2
b d d b
Ag  b  d Sx  Sy 
6 6
2 3 3
Ag  8.25 in Sx  7.562  in Sy  2.062  in
Applied Loads
lbf
wstrong  25 wtrib  4  ft Psnow  840  lbf PDead  560  lbf
2
ft
lbf
wstrong  wtrib  100 
ft
wweak  0 Load applied to weak axis of beam column.

In this example, no load is applied.

No. 1 Southern Pine nominal 2x6 beam-columns are being designed to carry an axial compressive load of 840
lb (snow) and 560 lb (dead) plus a 25 psf wind load on their narrow face. Columns are 9 ft long and spaced 4
feet o.c. Their ends are held in position and lateral support is provided along the entire narrow face.
Notes:
The column being considered is not subjected to especially severe service conditions or extraordinary hazard.
bending. However, since lateral
CT  1.0 c  0.8 support is provided along the
entire narrow face, Cfu = 1.0
E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT factor "c" in column stability factor CP
1.7
equation for sawn lumber. (3.7.1)
E'min  580000 psi
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION (ASD)

l  9  ft b  1.5 in d  5.5 in
2 2
b d d b
Ag  b  d Sx  Sy 
6 6
2 3 3
Ag  8.25 in Sx  7.562  in Sy  2.062  in
Applied Loads
lbf
wstrong  25 wtrib  4  ft Psnow  840  lbf PDead  560  lbf
2
ft
lbf
wstrong  wtrib  100 
ft
wweak  0 Load applied to weak axis of beam column.

In this example, no load is applied.
Load Case 1: DL + SL + WL
CD  1.6 Appendix B Section B.2 (non-mandatory)
Compression
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci Fc* is reference compression parallel to grain design value
adjusted with all adjustment factors except the column
Fc*  2480 psi stability factor CP,. The following calculations determine the
column stabilty factor CP:
P1  Psnow  PDead
Subscripts refer to Load Case
P1  1400 lbf
P1
fc1 
Ag
fc1  170  psi Actual compression stress in beam column
Determine Effective Lengths and Critical Buckling Design Values
Ke  1.0 Buckling length coefficient Ke for rotation free/translation fixed

(pinned/pinned) column (NDS Appendix G Table G1)
in
d 1  d l 1  l l e1  Ke l 1   12  Beam dimensions, laterally unsupported lengths (Figure
 ft  3F) and effective column lengths (NDS 3.7.1) for buckling
7 in in each direction. Subscript 1 is strong (but unsupported)
d 2  b l 2   ft l e2  Ke l 2   12 
12  ft  axis; Subscript 2 is the weak but laterally supported axis.
l e1  108  in l e2  0 Effective lengths in each axis. Le2 can be assumed to equal 0

per NDS A.11.3.
  le1  
l e  max  l e  108  in Controlling effective length
  le2  
0.822  E'min Critical bucking design value for compression member (NDS 3.7.1)
FcE  FcE  1236 psi
2
 le1 
 
 d1 
l e d
RB  RB  16 Slenderness ratio for bending (NDS 3.3-5)
2
b
1.20 E'min
FbE  FbE  2636 psi Critical bucking design value for bending (NDS 3.7.1)
2
RB
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
   Fc*    c* 
CP     
2 c  2 c  c
CP  0.433 Column Stability Factor (3.7-1)
Fc'  Fc* CP Fc'  1073 psi Adjusted compression parallel to grain design value
fc1  170  psi Fc'  1073 psi Actual compression stress fc does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c
Bending
CL  1.0 Depth to breadth (d/b) ratio (6/2 = 3.0). 2<d/b<4

End restraints for the beam-column satisfy 4.4.1.2 (b)
F' b1  Fb  CD CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors. F'b is calculated for strong axis bending only since
F' b1  2160 psi the weak axis is laterally supported.
2 in
wstrong wtrib l  12 ft Actual bending stress in strong direction resulting
M max1 
1.7
8 from wind load applied to narrow face of beam-column
M max1  12150  inꞏlbf
COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION (ASD)

M max1
fb1  fb1  1607 psi
Sx
Actual bending stress fb1 does not exceed adjusted

fb1  1607 psi F' b1  2160 psi
Combined Bending and Axial Compression
2
 fc1  fb1
    0.89 < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-3) Checking NDS 3.9-4 is not necessary
 Fc'    fc1  since the weak axis is fully braced.
F' b1 1   F 
  cE 
fc1  170 psi FcE  1236 psi Actual compression stress is less than critical bucking design
values for strong axis buckling. OK (NDS 3.9.2)
fb1  1607 psi FbE  2636 psi Actual bending stress does not exceed adjusted parallel to
grain design value. OK (NDS 3.9.2)
Load Case 2: DL+SL

Load duration is not included in E' calculation. It is important to evaluate
CD  1.15 multiple combinations such that all load duration effects are considered.
Compression
P2
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci P2  Psnow  PDead fc2 
Ag
Fc*  1782 psi P2  1400 lbf fc2  170  psi

2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
   Fc*    c* 
CP     
2 c  2 c  c
CP  0.555
Fc'  Fc* CP
Fc'  990  psi
fc2  170  psi Fc'  990  psi Actual compression parallel to grain stress fc does not
exceed adjusted compression parallel to grain design value
F'c. OK
CD  0.90
Compression
P3
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci P3  PDead fc3 
Ag
Fc*  1395 psi P3  560  lbf fc3  68 psi
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
   Fc*    c* 
CP     
2 c  2 c  c
CP  0.648
Fc'  904  psi
fc3  68 psi Fc'  904  psi Actual compression stress does not exceed adjusted
compression parallel to grain design values for strong axis
buckling. OK (NDS 3.9.2)
1.8 Combined Bo-Axial Bending and Axial Compression (ASD)
E1.8 - Combined Bi-axial Bending and Axial Compression (ASD)

A No. 2 Southern Pine nominal 2x4 oriented flatwise is being considered for use as a member within the top
chord of a parallel chord gable end truss. The member is 3 ft long (between panel points) and will be subjected
COMBINED BI-AXIAL BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION (ASD)

to axial compression forces of 300 lb dead load (DL) and 600 lb snow load (SL), concentrated loads of 50 lb
(DL) and 100 lb (SL) at the midpoint of the member on its wide face and 120 lb wind load (WL) at the midpoint
of the member on its narrow face. Lateral support is provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are
considered pinned.
Check the adequacy of the beam-column for bi-axial bending and axial compression for the appropriate load
cases.
Notes:
1.8
46 1.8 COMBINED BI-AXIAL BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION (ASD)
E1.8 - Combined Bi-axial Bending and Axial Compression (ASD)

A No. 2 Southern Pine nominal 2x4 oriented flatwise is being considered for use as a member within the top
chord of a parallel chord gable end truss. The member is 3 ft long (between panel points) and will be subjected
to axial compression forces of 300 lb dead load (DL) and 600 lb snow load (SL), concentrated loads of 50 lb
(DL) and 100 lb (SL) at the midpoint of the member on its wide face and 120 lb wind load (WL) at the midpoint
of the member on its narrow face. Lateral support is provided only at the ends of the member and the ends are
considered pinned.
Check the adequacy of the beam-column for bi-axial bending and axial compression for the appropriate load
cases.
Notes:
bending (NDS 3.9.2)
c  0.8
Factor "c" in column stability factor CP
E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci equation for sawn lumber. (NDS 3.7.1)
E'min  510000 psi

l  3  ft b  1.5 in d  3.5 in
2 2
b d d b
Ag  b  d Sx  Sy 
6 6
2 3 3
Ag  5.25 in Sx  3.062  in Sy  1.312  in
Applied Loads
Axial Weak (y) Axis Strong (x) Axis
Applied loads. Subscripts depict load
DLAxial  300  lbf SLWeak  100  lbf WLStrong  120  lbf
type (DL-dead load, SL-snow load and
SLAxial  600  lbf DLWeak  50 lbf WL-wind load) and application in relation
to the member (applied to strong or weak
axis).
Load Case 1: DL + SL + WL Subscripts refer to Load Case

CD  1.6 NDS Appendix B Section B.2 (non-mandatory)
Compression

Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci Fc* is reference compression parallel to grain design value
adjusted with all adjustment factors except the column
stability factor CP.
Fc*  2320 psi
P1  DLAxial  SLAxial
P1  900  lbf
P1
fc1  fc1  171  psi
Ag Actual compression stress in beam-column
Determine Effective Lengths and Critical Buckling Design Values

Ke  1.0 Buckling length coefficient Ke for rotation free/translation fixed
(pinned/pinned) column (NDS Appendix G Table G1)
in
d 1  d l 1  l l e1  Ke l 1   12  Beam dimensions, laterally unsupported lengths (Figure
 ft  3F) and effective column lengths (NDS 3.7.1) for buckling
in in each direction. Subscript 1 is strong (but unsupported)
d 2  b l 2  l l e2  Ke l 2   12 
 ft  axis; Subscript 2 is the weak but laterally supported axis.
l e1  36 in l e2  36 in Effective lengths in each axis
l e1 l e2 le/d is less than 50 for each axis (NDS 3.7.1.4)

 10  24
d1 d2
1.8
0.822  E'min Critical bucking compression design values for compression
FcE1  FcE1  3963 psi
2 member in planes of lateral support (NDS 3.7.1)
 le1 
 
 d1 
0.822  E'min
FcE2  FcE2  728 psi
2
 le2 
 
 d2 
  FcE1  
FcE  min FcE  728 psi Critical bucking design value for compression member
  FcE2  
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1  F 
 Fc*
   Fc*    c* 
CP     
2 c  2 c  c
CP  0.29 Column Stability Factor (3.7-1)
Determine Adjusted Compression Parallel to Grain Design Value F'c
Fc'  Fc* CP Fc'  673  psi Adjusted compression parallel to grain design value
fc1  171  psi Fc'  673  psi Actual compression stress fc does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c (NDS 3.6.3). OK
Narrow Face (Strong Axis) Bending - (load parallel to wide face)
F' b*  Fb  CD CM  Ct CF Ci Cr F'b* is adjusted bending design value with all adjustment
factors except the beam stability factor CL and flat use factor
F' b*  1760 psi
Cfu applied.
Determine Strong Axis Beam Stability Factor CL and Adjusted Bending Design Values
in
l u  12 l l u  36 in Laterally unsupported length
ft
lu
 10.3 lu/d >7 (Table 3.3.3)
d
l e  1.37 l u  3  d l e  59.8 in (Table 3.3.3)
l e d
RB  RB  9.6 Slenderness ratio for bending (3.3-5) RB < 50 (NDS 3.3.3.7)
2
b
1.20 E'min
2
RB
2
 FbE    FbE    FbE 
1  1  F'   
 F' b*
   b*     F'b* 
CL    
1.9  1.9  0.95
CL  0.982 Resulting beam stability factor CL. As an alternative, 4.4.1.2

(b) allows CL = 1.0 for d/b = (4/2) when the ends are held in
position by full depth solid blocking, bridging, hangers, nailing,
bolting or other suitable means.
F' b1  Fb  CD CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b1 is adjusted edgewise bending design value with all
adjustment factors.
F' b1  1729 psi
Determine Bending Load and Resulting Bending Stress - Strong Axis Bending
in
WLStrong l 12
ft Actual bending stress in strong direction resulting
M 1Strong 
4 from wind load applied to narrow face of beam-column

M 1Strong  1080 inꞏlbf
M 1Strong
fb1 
Sx
fb1  353  psi F' b1  1729 psi Ok. Actual bending stress fb does not exceed adjusted
edgewise compressive design value F'b1
Wide Face (Weak Axis) Adjusted Bending Design Value - (load parallel to narrow face)
CL  1.0 Since d<b (2 in < 4 in) CL=1.0
Flat use factor Cfu applies for weak axis bending.

Cfu  1.1
F' b2  Fb  CD CM  CL Ct Cfu CF Ci Cr F'b2 is adjusted flatwise bending design value with all
adjustment factors.
F' b2  1936 psi
Determine Bending Load and Resulting Bending Stress - Weak Axis Bending
1.8
in
DLWeak  SLWeak l 12 ft Bending stress in strong direction resulting from dead
M 1Weak 
4 and snow load applied to narrow face of beam-column
M 1Weak  1350 inꞏlbf
M 1Weak
fb2 
Sy
fb2  1029 psi F' b2  1936 psi Ok. Actual bending stress fb does not exceed adjusted
bending design value F'b (NDS 3.3.1)
Combined Bi-axial Bending and Axial Compression
2
 fc1  fb1 fb2
     0.98 < 1.0 ok (3.9-3)
 Fc'    fc1   2
F' b1 1   F    fc1   fb1  
F' b2 1  F   F  
  cE1  
  cE2   bE  
2
fc1  fb1 
   0.24 < 1.0 ok (3.9-4)
FcE2
 FbE 
fc1  171 psi FcE1  3963 psi Actual compression stress is less than critical bucking design
values for both weak and strong axis buckling. Ok
fc1  171 psi FcE2  728 psi
fb1  353 psi FbE  6577 psi Actual bending stress is less than critical buckling design value.
Ok
Load Case 2: DL+SL

CD  1.15
P2  DLAxial  SLAxial P2  900 lbf
P1

fc2 
Ag
Compression
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc*  1667 psi fc2  171  psi

2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1   
 Fc*
    Fc*    Fc* 
CP   2 c  
2 c   c
CP  0.387
Fc'  646  psi
fc2  171  psi Fc'  646  psi Actual compression stress fc does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c OK
1.8
Weak Axis Bending
F' b2  Fb  CD CM  CL Ct Cfu CF Ci Cr
F' b2  1392 psi
in
DLWeak  SLWeak l 12 ft Bending stress in strong direction resulting from snow
M 2Weak 
4 load applied to narrow face of beam-column
M 2Weak  1350 inꞏlbf
M 2Weak
fb2 
Sy
fb2  1029 psi F' b2  1392 psi Ok. Actual bending stress fb does not exceed adjusted
Strong Axis Bending
Wind load is zero. No strong axis bending (fb1 in following equations set to zero)
Combined Bending and Compression
2
 fc2  fb1 0 fb2
     1.04
~1.0 OK (NDS 3.9-3)
 Fc'    fc2   2
F' b1 1   F    fc2   fb1 0   Engineering judgement
F' b2 1  F    F  
  cE1   required for rounding.
  cE2   bE  
Checking NDS Equation 3.9-4 not necessary since fb1=0
values for both weak and strong axis buckling. OK
fc2  171 psi FcE2  728 psi
OK

CD  0.90
Compression

P3
Fc*  Fc CD CM  Ct CF Ci P3  DLAxial fc3 
Ag
Fc*  1305 psi P3  300  lbf fc3  57 psi
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1   
 Fc*
   Fc*    Fc*

CP      c
2 c  2 c 
CP  0.473
Fc'  617  psi
fc3  57 psi Fc'  617  psi Actual compression parallel to grain stress fc does not
exceed adjusted compression parallel to grain design value
F'c OK
1.8
Weak Axis Bending
F' b2  Fb  CD CM  CL Ct Cfu CF Ci Cr
F' b2  1089 psi
in
DLWeak l 12 ft Bending stress in strong direction resulting from dead
M 3Weak 
4 load applied to narrow face of beam-column
M 3Weak  450  inꞏlbf
M 3Weak
fb3 
Sy
fb3  343  psi F' b2  1089 psi Actual bending stress fb does not exceed adjusted bending
design value F'b OK
Strong Axis Bending
Wind load is zero. No strong axis bending (fb1 = 0)
Combined Bending and Compression
2
 fc3  fb1 0 fb3
     0.35 < 1.0 OK (NDS 3.9-3)
 Fc'    fc3   2
F' b1 1   F    fc3   fb1 0  
F' b2 1  F    F  
  cE1  
  cE2   bE  
Checking NDS Equation 3.9-4 not necessary since fb1=0
values for both weak and strong axis buckling. OK
fc3  57 psi FcE2  728 psi
OK
1.9 Loadbearing Wall Wood Stud Resisting Wind and Gravity Loads
E1.9 - Loadbearing Wall Wood Stud Resisting Wind and Gravity Loads
Background: The 2 story home considered in the Design of Wood Frame Buildings for High Wind, Snow, and Seismic
Loads (WFCM Workbook) has a Foyer with a vaulted ceiling. The south bearing wall of the Foyer must support gravity
loads from the roof and attic above, must resist reactions from uplift wind forces on the roof and must resist
out-of-plane wind pressures. The home is located in an area with a basic wind speed of 160 mph - Exposure B.
LOADBEARING WALL WOOD STUD RESISTING WIND AND GRAVITY LOADS

The Foyer originally had a 4 foot wide plant shelf at the second floor level. The plant shelf was platform framed as part
of the floor diaphragm and limited stud length to one story. The resulting configuration was within the limitations of the
prescriptive provisions of the Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM) and the wall framing could be determined
from Chapter 3 of the WFCM.
Removing the plant shelf requires the wall to be balloon framed and will increase the stud lengths to 19 feet where
they are no longer within the limitations of the prescriptive provisions of the WFCM.
Goal: Determine requirements for studs that are balloon framed from the first floor to the roof.
Approach: Analyze wall framing as part of the Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS) exposed to in-plane
and out-of-plane load combinations specified by ASCE 7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures.
Analyze wall framing as Components and Cladding (C&C) exposed to out of plane C&C wind pressures only. Design
wall framing per the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction.
In this example, the following loads are assumed:
Roof Loads Attic/Ceiling
Dead Load 10 psf Dead Load 15 psf

Live Load 20 psf Attic Live Load 30 psf
Ground Snow Load 30 psf
Rain & Earthquake effects not considered in the analyses
Additionally, the following design assumptions apply:
1.9
Stud spacing = 16" o.c.
Exterior Sheathing = Wood Structural Panels
Interior Sheathing = 1/2" Gypsum Wallboard
The analysis involves an iterative approach. Initial values are

selected for the member properties (depth, number of members
and their species group and grade); initial analyses are completed
and stresses and deflections determined and compared to
allowable values. The member properties are then varied and
analyses repeated until stress and deflection criteria are satisfied.
Note: As stated in the Foreword, examples are applicable to both

the 2015 and 2018 versions of the NDS and WFCM unless
otherwise noted. This example also references ASCE 7 and is
applicable to both the 2010 and 2016 versions. Where section,
figure, and table designations vary between the two versions of
ASCE 7, they are noted. Reference to the International Building
Code (IBC) is also applicable to the 2015 and 2018 versions.
56 1.9 LOADBEARING WALL WOOD STUD RESISTING WIND AND GRAVITY LOADS
Reference and Adjusted Design Values (values were revised during iterations - final values are for No. 2 SP 2x8)
Fb  925  psi E  1400000  psi Emin  510000 psi (NDS Supplement Table 4B)
Fc  1350 psi Ft  550psi
CM  1.0 Ct  1.0 (NDS Table 4.3.1)

Cr used to represent Wall Stud
Cfu  1.0 Ci  1.0 Cr  1.25
Repetitive Member Factors (SDPWS
CF  1.0 CT  1.0 c  0.8 3.1.1.1)
factor "c" in column stability factor CP

E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT E'min  510000 psi
equation for sawn lumber. (NDS 3.7.1)
CF Factor is included in Table 4B values

Member Properties
n  1 b  1.5 in d  7.25 in n is the number of full length studs

2 3
n b d n b d
Ag  n  b  d Sx  Ix 
6 12
2 3 4
Ag  10.9 in Sx  13.1 in Ix  47.6 in
Home Dimensions
L  19 ft length of balloon-framed studs W  32 ft building width Wovhg  2  ft width of roof overhang
Determine Distributed Loads Supported by the South Wall

Dead and Live Loads
lbf 1 lbf 1
wDLAttic  15   16 ft wDLRoof  10   36 ft
2 2 2 2
ft ft
wDLAttic  120  plf wDLRoof  180  plf
lbf 1 lbf 1
wLLAttic  30   16 ft wLLRoof  20   36 ft
2 2 2 2
ft ft
wLLAttic  240  plf wLLRoof  360  plf
wtotalDead  wDLAttic  wDLRoof
wtotalDead  300  plf
Rain Load Earthquake Load

Rain and earthquake loads are included in ASCE 7 load
R  0  plf El  0  plf
combinations). The subscript for the earthquake load is
used to differentiate the earthquake load from the
modulus of elasticity
Snow Load
lbf
p g  30 Ce  1.0 Cts  1.0 Is  1.0 Subscript "s" added to Ct to distinguish the
2
ft temperature factor for snow load calculations from Ct for
design value calculations
p f  0.7 Ce Cts Is p g Flat roof snow load

p f  21 psf
Slope factor per ASCE 7-10 Figure 7-2 (ASCE 7-16 Figure
Cs  1.0
7.4-1)
p sBal  Cs p f p sBal  21 psf
Balanced snow load (applied to the entire roof)
p sUnBal  Is p g p sUnBal  30 psf Unbalanced snow load (applied to leeward side of roof
with no snow on windward side roof)
1
p sBal  36 ft  378  plf Load on south wall from a balanced snow condition
2
3
p sUnBal  18 ft  405  plf Load on south wall from an unbalanced snow
4 condition
 1 
  p sBal 2  36 ft   Controlling snow condition
wsnow  max  
  p sUnBal 3  18 ft  
 4 
wsnow  405  plf Unbalanced snow load controls
Calculate MWFRS Wind Loads

MWFRS Wind Pressures are calculated using the Envelope Procedure contained in Chapter 28 of ASCE 7. The
wind pressure equation is:
p = qh[(GCpf)-(GCpi)] (ASCE 7-10 Eq. 28.4-1 or ASCE 7-16 Eq. 28.3-1)
1.9
Where:
qh is the velocity pressure
GCpf is the external pressure coefficient for the surface being analyzed and
GCpi is the internal pressure coefficient
Determine Velocity Pressure qh

Note: The 160 Exp B velocity pressures qh in the
V  160 WFCM is 24.06 psf and is based on a 33 ft MRH
Kz  0.70 where the velocity pressure exposure coefficient Kz for
Exp B is 0.72.
Kd  0.85 ASCE 7 Table 26.6-1
Kzt  1.0 ASCE 7 Section 26.8.2 Kz for Exp B evaluated at 25 ft MRH in this example is
2 lbf 0.70 per ASCE 7-10 Table 28.3.1(ASCE 7-16 Table
q h  ( 0.60)  0.00256  Kz Kzt Kd  V  26.10-1) and produces a slightly lower velocity
2
ft pressure of 23.4 psf.
q h  23.4 psf
The 0.60 factor in the velocity pressure equation
incorporates ASCE 7 load factors for allowable stress
design (ASD) load combinations
Determine MWFRS Roof Pressure Coefficients (GCpf)
ASCE 7-10 Figure 28.4-1 (ASCE 7-16 Figure 28.3-1) shows the external pressure coefficient for interior and end zones
for two load cases. Load Case A is for wind perpendicular to the ridge; Load Case B is for wind parallel to the ridge.
By observation, GCpi = -0.18 results in the highest positive reaction at roof supports for Case A and GCpi = +0.18
results in the highest positive reaction at roof supports for Case B.
Zone 2 (windward) Zone 3 (leeward) Roof Overhang Internal
Load Case A GCpfAWW  0.21 GCpfALW  0.43 GCpOH  0.70 GCpi  0.18
(ASCE 7-10 Section (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.11-1 /

28.4.3 / ASCE 7-16 ASCE 7-16 Table 26.13-1)
Section 28.3.3)
Determine MWFRS Wind Pressures on Roof for Load Cases A and B

Load Case A - wind perpendicular to ridge
windward roof overhang

WROA  q h  GCpfAWW  GCpOH 
WROA  11.5 psf
leeward roof
windward roof

WRA  q h  GCpfAWW  GCpi  
LRA  q h  GCpfALW  GCpi 
LRA  5.8 psf
WRA  9.1 psf
Load Case B - wind parallel to ridge
Zone 2 (windward) Zone 3 (leeward) Roof Overhang Internal

Load Case B GCpfBWW  0.69 GCpfBLW  0.37 GCpOH  0.70 GCpi  0.18
windward roof overhang

WROB  q h  GCpfBWW 
WROB  16.1 psf
windward roof
leeward roof

WRB  q h  GCpfBWW  GCpi  
LRB  q h  GCpfBLW  GCpi 
WRB  20.4 psf
LRB  12.9 psf
1.9
Determine Wind Load Reactions
Reactions at the top of the bearing wall are determined by summing overturning moments about the top of leeward
wall for both load cases and determining the controlling reaction to use in the design. Horizontal projections are
used in the analysis.
Note: The component of the overturning moment that results from wind pressures on the leeward roof overhang was
not considered because: (1) it has a short (1 ft) moment arm and (2) the uplift pressures on the overhang occur
downwind of the leeward wall and reduce the net overturning moment reaction slightly. This approach provides
slightly conservative results.
Load Case A
1   Wovhg  
RwindwardA   Wovhg  W     WROA 

W
 W 3 W 2  
W 1 W
     WRA     LR A 
 2 4 2 4  
RwindwardA  62 plf
Load Case B
1   Wovhg  
RwindwardB   Wovhg  W     WROB 

W
 W 3 W  2  
W 1 W
     WRB     LRB 
 2 4 2 4  
RwindwardB  329  plf
Note: The uplift reaction on the windward wall can be determined from WFCM Table 2.2A by interpolating the uplift
connection loads between the 24 and 36 foot roof spans for the 0 psf roof/ceiling dead load and multiplying the uplift
by 0.75 to account for the wall framing not being located in an exterior zone (footnote 1). That approach produces an
uplift reaction of 391 plf which is higher than the results of these calculations. The higher reactions result primarily
because uplift values in Table 2.2A are based on the worst case (20o) roof slope. The velocity pressure being
calculated at 33 ft instead of 25 ft also contributes to slightly higher values.
Determine MWFRS Wind Pressures on Walls for Load Cases A and B

External and internal pressure coefficients (GCpf and GCpi) are from ASCE 7-10 Figure 28.4-1 and Table 26.11-1
(ASCE 7-16 Figure 28.3-1 and Table 26.13-1).

Load Case A - wind perpendicular to ridge
Zone 1 (windward) Zone 4 (leeward) Internal
Load Case A GCpfwallAWW  0.56 GCpfwallALW  0.37 GCpi  0.18
windward wall leeward wall

p mwfrsAWW  q h  GCpfwallAWW  GCpi  
p mwfrsALW  q h  GCpfwallALW  GCpi 
p mwfrsAWW  17.3 psf p mwfrsALW  4.4 psf
Load Case B - wind parallel to ridge

Zone 1 (windward) Zone 4 (leeward) Internal
GCpfwallBWW  0.45 GCpfwallBLW  0.45 GCpi  0.18

Load Case B
windward wall leeward wall

p mwfrsBWW  q h  GCpfwallBWW  GCpi  
p mwfrsBLW  q h  GCpfwallBLW  GCpi 
p mwfrsBWW  14.7 psf p mwfrsBLW  14.7 psf
1.9
Determine the Distributed Loads Supported by the Bearing Wall for ASCE 7 ASD Load Combinations
ASCE 7 (section 2.4.1) includes the following ASD load combinations. Respective NDS load duration factors are
shown in [brackets] next to load combination.
1. D [CD = 0.9]
2. D + L [CD = 1.0]
3. D + (Lr or S or R)
3a. D + (Lr) [CD = 1.25]
3b. D + (S) [CD = 1.15]
4. D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
4a. D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr) [CD = 1.25]
4b. D + 0.75L + 0.75(S) [CD = 1.15]
5. D + (0.6W or 0.7E)
5a. D + (0.6W or 0.7E) (wind parallel to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
5b. D + (0.6W or 0.7E) (wind perpendicular to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
6. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W or 0.7E) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
6a1. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S) (wind parallel to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
6a2. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S) (wind perpendicular to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
6b. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7E) + 0.75S [CD = 1.6]
7. 0.6D + 0.6W
7a. 0.6D+ 0.6W (wind parallel to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
7b. 0.6D+ 0.6W (wind perpendicular to ridge) [CD = 1.6]
8. 0.6D + 0.7E [CD = 1.6]
where
D = dead load
L = live load
Lr = roof live load
W = wind load (note the 0.6 load factor
has already been included in the velocity
pressure qh)
S = snow load
R = rain load
E = earthquake load
Load combination are included in

the following array (note that rain
and earthquake load are
neglected (E1= R = 0)
 wtotalDead 
 
 wtotalDead   wLLAttic 
 

 wtotalDead  wLLRoof 
 wtotalDead  wsnow 
 
 wtotalDead  0.75  wLLAttic  0.75 wLLRoof 
 
 wtotalDead  0.75  wLLAttic  0.75 wsnow 
1
  1 300
wtotalDead  RwindwardA
  2 540
 wtotalDead  RwindwardB  3 660
 
Pdist     wLLRoof    4 705
wtotalDead  0.75 wLLAttic  0.75  RwindwardA   0.75 max  w  5 750
   snow    6 784
   wLLRoof    Pdist  7  plf
wtotalDead  0.75 wLLAttic  0.75  RwindwardB  0.75 max   362
   wsnow    8 -29
  9 831
   wLLRoof   
wtotalDead  0.75 wLLAttic  0.75 max 10 537
   wsnow   
  11 784
 0.6 wtotalDead  RwindwardA  12 242
  13 -149
0.6 wtotalDead  RwindwardB
 
  14 180
0.6wtotalDead
 
Load Combinations 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 6b, and 8 model gravity only loads (dead load, live load and/or snow load). Load
Combinations 5, 6a1, 6a2, 7a, and 7b include MWFRS wind loads. Load Combinations are keyed to the array as
1.9
follows:
Load Combo Pdist

1 1
2 2
3a 3
3b 4
4a 5
4b 6
5a 7
5b 8
6a1 9
6a2 10
6b 11
7a 12
7b 13
8 14
All combinations that include wind will use a 1.6 load duration factor. Since load combinations 1-4, 6b (which is
identical to 4), and 8 each have different load duration factors, those combinations will be analyzed individually.
Analyze Framing for Load Combinations 1-4 and 6b

(compute actual and allowable stresses and deflections. Iterate material properties to develop design)
The bearing walls must resist distributed loads from the attic floor and roof and out-of-plane MWFRS wind loads
proportional to the width of their tributary areas. The analyses are conducted for 16 inch stud spacing. The number
of studs on either side of the framed openings in the south wall shall be determined from the WFCM Table 3.23C.
Reductions allowed by WFCM Section 3.4.1.4.2 and Table 3.23D are acceptable.
By inspection, Load Combination 1 controls over Load Combination 8, so Load Combination 8 will not be analyzed.
Load Combination 1: D
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 1
( 16)
P1   ft  Pdist  P1  400  lbf Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
12  1 openings for Load Combination 1.
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 1
CD1  0.9 Dead load duration factor CD for Load Combination 1. NDS
Appendix B Section B.2
Fc1*  Fc CD1 CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc1* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc1*  1215 psi Combination 1 adjusted with all adjustment factors except the
column stability factor CP
Ke  1.0 Buckling length coefficient Ke for strong axis bending

(pinned/pinned) column (Appendix G Table G1)
in
d 1  d l 1  L l e  Ke l 1   12  Stud dimensions, laterally unsupported lengths (NDS Figure 3F)
 
ft and effective column lengths (NDS 3.7.1) for buckling in each
direction. Subscript 1 is strong (but laterally unsupported) axis;
l e  228  in Effective length in the strong axis. Assume gypsum wallboard

is adequately connected to the studs and provides lateral
support (NDS A.11.3)
0.822  E'min
2
  le
 
 d1  Critical bucking design value for compression member
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 1
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc1*
    c1*     c1* 
CP1   
2 c  2 c  c
CP1  0.319 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 1 (NDS 3.7-1)
Compare Actual Compression Stress to Adjusted Compression Design Value

Fc'1  Fc1* CP1 Fc'1  388  psi Adjusted compression design value
P1
fc1  fc1  37 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc1 is less than the adjusted
fc1
 0.09 compression design value F'c1. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'1 adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
Load Combination 2: D + L
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 2
( 16)
P2   ft  Pdist  P2  720  lbf Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 2
CD2  1.0 Live load duration factor CD for Load Combination 2. NDS
Appendix B Section B.2
Fc2*  Fc CD2 CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc2* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc2*  1350 psi Combination 2 adjusted with all adjustment factors except the
1.9
in
 
ft and effective column lengths (3.7.1) for buckling in each
Effective length in the strong axis. Assume gypsum wallboard

l e  228  in
0.822  E'min
2
 le 
 
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 2
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc2*
    c2*     c2* 
CP2   
2 c  2 c  c
CP2  0.29 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 2 (NDS 3.7-1)
Fc'2  Fc2* CP2 Fc'2  392  psi Adjusted compression design value
P2
fc2  fc2  66 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc2 is less than the adjusted
fc2
 0.17 compression design value F'c2. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'2 adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
Load Combination 3a: D + Lr
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 3a
( 16)
P3a   ft  Pdist  P3a  880  lbf Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 3a
CD3a  1.25 Roof live load duration factor CD for Load Combination 3a.
NDS Appendix B Section B.2
Fc3a*  Fc CD3a CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc3a* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc3a*  1688 psi Combination 3a adjusted with all adjustment factors except the

in
 
ft and effective column lengths (NDS 3.7.1) for buckling in each
l e  228  in Effective length in the strong axis. Assume gypsum wallboard

0.822  E'min
2
  le

 
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 3a
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc3a*
    c3a*     c3a* 
CP3a   
2 c  2 c  c
CP3a  0.237 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 3a (NDS 3.7-1)
Fc'3a  Fc3a*  CP3a Fc'3a  399  psi
P3a
fc3a  fc3a  81 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc3a is less than the adjusted

fc3a
 0.2 compression design value F'c3a. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'3a adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
1.9
Load Combination 3b: D + S
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 3b
( 16)
P3b   ft  Pdist  P3b  940  lbf Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
12  4 openings for Load Combination 3b.
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 3b
CD3b  1.15 Snow load duration factor CD for Load Combination 3b.
Fc3b*  Fc CD3b  CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc3b* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc3b*  1552 psi Combination 3b adjusted with all adjustment factors except the

in
 

l e  228  in is adequately connected to the studs and provides lateral
0.822  E'min
2
 le 
d 
 1 Critical bucking design value for compression member
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 3b
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F   
 Fc3b*
    c3b*     Fc3b* 
CP3b   
2 c  2 c  c
CP3b  0.255 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 3b (NDS 3.7-1)
Fc'3b  Fc3b* CP3b Fc'3b  397  psi Adjusted compression design value
P3b
fc3b  fc3b  86 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc3b is less than the adjusted
fc3b
 0.22 compression design value F'c3b. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'3b adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
Load Combination 4a: D + 0.75 L + 0.75 Lr
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 4a

Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
openings for Load Combination 4a
( 16)
P4a   ft  Pdist  P4a  1000 lbf
12  5 Adjusted compression design value
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 4a
CD4a  1.25 roof live load duration factor CD for Load Combination 4a.
Fc4a*  Fc CD4a CM  Ct CF Ci

Fc4a* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc4a*  1688 psi Combination 4a adjusted with all adjustment factors except the

in
 

l e  228  in is adequately connected to the studs and provides lateral
0.822  E'min
2
  le
 
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc4a*
    c4a*     c4a* 
CP4a   
1.9
2 c  2 c  c
CP4a  0.237 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 4a (NDS 3.7-1)
Fc'4a  Fc4a*  CP4a Fc'4a  399  psi Adjusted compression design value
P4a
fc4a  fc4a  92 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc4a is less than the adjusted

fc4a
 0.23 compression design value F'c4a. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'4a adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
Load Combination 4b: D + 0.75 L + 0.75 S
Determing compression force in framing for load combination 4b
( 16)
P4b   ft  Pdist  P4b  1045 lbf Compression force in the framing on each side of the wall
12  6 openings for Load Combination 4b.
Calculate Reference & Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 4b
CD4b  1.15 Snow load duration factor CD for Load Combination 4b.
Fc4b*  Fc CD4b  CM  Ct CF Ci
Fc4b* is reference compression design value for Load
Fc4b*  1552 psi Combination 4b adjusted with all adjustment factors except the

Stud dimensions, laterally unsupported lengths (NDS Figure 3F)

in
d 1  d l 1  L l e  Ke l 1   12  and effective column lengths (3.7.1) for buckling in each
 
ft direction. Subscript 1 is strong (but laterally unsupported) axis;

l e  228  in
0.822  E'min
2
 le 
 
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 4b
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc4b*
   c4b*     c4b* 
CP4b    
2 c  2 c  c
CP4b  0.255 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 4b (NDS 3.7-1)
Fc'4b  Fc4b* CP4b Fc'4b  397  psi Adjusted compression design value
P4b
fc4b  fc4b  96 psi Actual compression stress
Ag
Actual compression stress fc4b is less than the adjusted
fc4b
 0.24 compression design value F'c4b. Ratio of actual stress to
Fc'4b adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
Load Combination Applied Stress/ Allowable Stress

1 0.09
2 0.17
3a 0.20
3b 0.22 Table comparing ratio of applied stress to allowable
4a 0.23 stresses for gravity load controlled combinations

4b 0.24
Load Case 5a: D + 0.6 W (wind parallel to ridge)

Determing compression load in framing for load combination 5a
( 16)
P5a   ft  Pdist  P5a  483  lbf
12  7
Determine Reference and Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 5a
CD5  1.6 Wind load duration factor CD controls for Load Combination 5a -
Fc5a*  Fc CD5 CM  Ct CF Ci Fc5a* is reference compression design value adjusted with all
adjustment factors except the column stability factor CP,. The
Fc5a*  2160 psi following calculations determine the column stabilty factor CP:
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc5a*
    c5a*     c5a* 
CP5   
2 c  2 c  c
CP5  0.188 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 5a (NDS 3.7-1)
1.9
Determine Adjusted Compression Design Value for Load Combination 5a
Fc'5a  Fc5a*  CP5 Fc'5a  405  psi Adjusted compression design value for Load Combination 5a
Compare Actual Compression Stress with Adjusted Compression Design Value

P5a
fc5a 
Ag fc5a  44 psi Actual compression stress fc5a does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c5a. Ratio of actual
Fc'5a  405  psi
compression stress to adjusted compression design value
fc5a < 1. OK
 0.11
Fc'5a
Determine Bending Stress from Out-of-Plane MWFRS Wind Pressures

Moment
( 16)
wwindAWW   ft p mwfrsAWW Load Combination 5a includes the MWFRS Wind Load
12
wwindAWW  23.08  plf
2
wwindAWW L in
M mwfrsAWW   12 Bending moment from out-of-plane MWFRS wind loads
8 ft
M mwfrsAWW  12500  inꞏlbf
Determine Reference and Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 5a
CL  1.0 Depth to breadth (d/b) ratio 2<d/b<4 End restraints for the
beam-column satisfy NDS 4.4.1.2 (b) and sheathing/gypsum
wall board nailing provides lateral support for the compression
edges NDS 4.4.1.2 (c)
F' b5a  Fb  CD5 CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b5a is adjusted bending design value for Load Combination 5a
F' b5a  1850 psi
Compare Actual Bending Stress with Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 5a
M mwfrsAWW
fb5a  fb5a  951  psi Bending stress resulting from out-of-plane MWFRS wind
Sx loads
F' b5a  1850 psi
fb5a Ok. Actual bending stress fb5a is less than adjusted bending
 0.51
F' b5a design value F'b5a. Ratio of actual bending stress to adjusted
bending design value < 1
Check Combined Uniaxial Bending and Axial Compression
2
 fc5a  fb5a
 Fc'    0.59 < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-3)
  fc5a 
 5a  F' b5a 1   
  FcE 
Actual compression stress fc5a does not exceed adjusted

fc5a  44 psi FcE  424 psi compression design value in plane of lateral support for
edgewise bending FcE. OK
Load Case 5b: D + 0.6 W (wind perpendicular to ridge)

Determing axial load in framing for load combination 5b
( 16)
P5b   ft  Pdist  P5b  39 lbf Note: by inspection, Load Combination 7b controls and is analyzed
12  8 below.

Load Case 6a1: D + 0.75L + 0.75 W (wind parallel to ridge)
Determing compression load in framing for load combination 6a1
( 16)
P6a1   ft  Pdist  P6a1  1107 lbf
12  9
Determine Reference and Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 6a1
Fc6a1*  Fc CD6 CM  Ct CF Ci Fc6a1* is reference compression design value adjusted with all
Fc6a1*  2160 psi following calculations determine the column stabilty factor CP:
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 6a1
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc6a1*
    c6a1*     c6a1* 
CP6   
2 c  2 c  c
CP6  0.188 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 6a1 (NDS 3.7-1)
1.9
Determine Adjusted Compression Design Value for Load Combination 6a1
Fc'6a1  Fc6a1* CP6 Fc'6a1  405  psi Adjusted compression design value for Load Combination 6a

P6a1
fc6a1 
Ag fc6a1  102  psi Actual compression stress fc6a1 does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c6a1. Ratio of actual compression
Fc'6a1  405  psi
stress to adjusted compression design value < 1. OK
fc6a1
 0.25
Fc'6a1

Moment
( 16)
wwindAWW  0.75  ft p mwfrsAWW Load Combination 6a1 includes 75% of the MWFRS Wind
12 Load
wwindAWW  17.31  plf
2
wwindAWW L in
M mwfrsAWW   12 Bending moment from out-of-plane MWFRS wind loads
8 ft
M mwfrsAWW  9375 inꞏlbf
Determine Reference and Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 6a1
F' b6a1  Fb  CD6 CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b6a1 is adjusted bending design value for Load Combination
F' b6a1  1850 psi 6a1
Compare Actual Bending Stress with Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 6a1
M mwfrsAWW
fb6a1  fb6a1  713  psi Bending stress resulting from out-of-plane MWFRS wind
Sx loads
F' b6a1  1850 psi
fb6a1 Ok. Actual bending stress fb6a1 is less than adjusted bending
 0.39
F' b6a1 design value F'b6a1. Ratio of actual bending stress to adjusted
2
 fc6a1  fb6a1
 Fc'    0.57 < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-3)
 6a1    fc6a1 
F' b6a1 1   
  FcE 
Actual compression stress fc6a1 does not exceed adjusted

fc6a1  102 psi FcE  424 psi compression design value in plane of lateral support for
Load Case 6a2: D + 0.75L + 0.75 W (wind perpendicular to ridge)

Determing compression load in framing for load combination 6a2
( 16)
P6a2   ft  Pdist  P6a2  716  lbf
12  10

Determine Reference and Adjusted Compression Design Values for Load Combination 6a2
Fc6a2*  Fc CD6 CM  Ct CF Ci Fc6a2* is reference compression design value adjusted with all
Fc6a2*  2160 psi following calculations determine the column stabilty factor CP:
Determine Column Stability Factor Cp for Load Combination 6a2
2
 FcE    FcE    FcE 
1  1 F  F 
 Fc6a2*
    c6a2*     c6a2* 
CP6   
2 c  2 c  c
CP6  0.188 Column Stability Factor for Load Combination 6a2 (NDS 3.7-1)
Determine Adjusted Compression Design Value for Load Combination 6a2
Fc'6a2  Fc6a2* CP6 Fc'6a2  405  psi Adjusted compression design value for Load Combination 6a

P6a2
1.9
fc6a2 
Ag fc6a2  66 psi Actual compression stress fc6a2 does not exceed adjusted
compression design value F'c6a2. Ratio of actual
Fc'6a2  405  psi
compression stress to adjusted compression design value
fc6a2 < 1. OK
 0.16
Fc'6a2

Moment
( 16)
wwindBWW  0.75  ft p mwfrsBWW Load Combination 6a2 includes 75% of the MWFRS Wind
12 Load
wwindBWW  14.74  plf
2
wwindBWW  L in
M mwfrsBWW   12 Bending moment from out-of-plane MWFRS wind loads
8 ft
M mwfrsBWW  7982 inꞏlbf
Determine Reference and Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 6a2
F' b6a2  Fb  CD6 CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b6a2 is adjusted bending design value for Load Combination
F' b6a2  1850 psi 6a2
Compare Actual Bending Stress with Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 6a2
M mwfrsBWW
fb6a2  fb6a2  607  psi Bending stress resulting from out-of-plane MWFRS wind
Sx loads
F' b6a2  1850 psi
fb6a2 Ok. Actual bending stress fb6a2 is less than adjusted bending
 0.33
F' b6a2 design value F'b6a2. Ratio of actual bending stress to adjusted
2
 fc6a2  fb6a2
 Fc'    0.42 < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-3)
  fc6a2 
 6a2  F' b6a2 1   
  FcE 
Actual compression stress fc6a2 does not exceed adjusted

fc6a2  66 psi FcE  424 psi compression design value in plane of lateral support for
Load Case 7a: 0.6 D + 0.6 W (wind parallel to ridge)

Determing compression load in framing for load combination 7a
( 16)
P7a   ft  Pdist  P7a  323  lbf Note: by inspection, Load Case 5a controls and calculations will not be
12  12 repeated for Load Case 7a.
Load Case 7b: 0.6 D + 0.6 W (wind perpendicular to ridge)

Determing axial load in framing for load combination 7b
( 16)
P7b   ft  Pdist  P7b  199  lbf
12  13

Determine Adjusted Tension Design Value for Load Combination 7b
CD7  1.6 Wind load duration factor CD controls for Load Combination 7b -
F' t7b  Ft CD7 CM  Ct CF Ci F't7b is adjusted tension design value
F' t7b  880 psi
Compare Actual Tension Stress with Adjusted Tension Design Value
P7b
ft7b  ft7b  18 psi Actual tension stress ft7b does not exceed adjusted
Ag
tension design value F't7b. Ratio of actual tension stress
to adjusted tension design value < 1. OK
F' t7b  880 psi
ft7b
 0.02
F' t7b

Moment
( 16)
wwindBWW   ft p mwfrsBWW Load Combination 7b includes the MWFRS Wind Load
12
1.9
wwindBWW  19.65  plf
2
wwindBWW  L in
M mwfrsBWW   12 Bending moment from out-of-plane MWFRS wind loads
8 ft
M mwfrsBWW  10642  inꞏlbf
Determine Reference and Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 7b
F' b7b  Fb  CD7 CM  CL Ct CF Ci Cr F'b7b is adjusted bending design value for Load Combination 7b
F' b7b  1850 psi
Compare Actual Bending Stress with Adjusted Bending Design Values for Load Combination 7b
M mwfrsBWW
fb7b  fb7b  810  psi Bending stress resulting from out-of-plane MWFRS wind
Sx loads
F' b7b  1850 psi
fb7b Ok. Actual bending stress fb7b is less than adjusted bending
 0.44
F' b7b design value F'b7b. Ratio of actual bending stress to adjusted
Check Combined Uniaxial Bending and Axial Tension
ft7b fb7b
  0.417
F' t7b F' b7b < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-1)
fb7b  ft7b
 0.448
F' b7b < 1.0 ok (NDS 3.9-2)
Load Combination Applied Stress/ Allowable Stress

Table comparing ratio of applied stress to allowable
5a 0.59
stresses for combined bending and axial load
6a1 0.57
combinations. By inspection and comparison to
6a2 0.42
gravity load combinations analyzed earlier, Load
7b 0.45
Combination 5a controls so far with combined
dead plus MWFRS loads parallel to ridge.
Check Adequacy of Framing to Resist Components and Cladding (C&C) loads
Calculate C&C Pressures on Wall
CDCC  1.6 CD for C&C loading
Determine External C&C Pressure Coefficient

2 Note: "EWA" is used for Effective Wind Area since "A" is a
L 1
EWA   EWA  120 previously defined variable. Per ASCE 7 Chapter 26, EWA need
3 2
ft not be less than (L)2/3
 log EWA  
  500   The south wall is in Zone 4. ASCE 7-10 Figure 30.4-1 / ASCE
GCp ( EWA )  0.8  0.3   7-16 Figure 30.3-1. The equation for GCp for Zone 4 for 10 ft2 <
 log 10   EWA < 500 ft2
  500  
GCp ( EWA )  0.909 External pressure coefficient for full height studs in Foyer wall
p CC( EWA )  q h  GCp ( EWA )  GCpi 

    Equation for C&C pressures for framing in the Foyer wall
q h  23.4 psf
By observation negative external pressure coefficients (GCp) are
GCp ( EWA)   GCpi  1.089

greater than positive external pressure coefficients. So negative
external pressures and positive internal pressures (windward)
create the greatest C&C pressures
p CC( EWA )  25.48  psf C & C pressures for full height framing in the south wall
Apply C&C Pressures to Wall Framing and Check Bending and Deflection

Bending
( 16)
wCC   ft p CC( EWA) wCC  34 plf
12
in
wCC L2 12 ft
M CC 
8
M CC  18399  inꞏlbf
Determine Reference and Adjusted Bending Design Values for C&C loading
F' bCC  Fb  CDCC CM  CL Ct ( 1.0)  CF Ci Cr
F' bCC  1850 psi
Compare Actual Bending Stress with Adjusted Bending Design Values for C&C loading
M CC Ok. Actual bending stresses that result from C&C pressures
fbCC  fbCC  1400 psi
Sx fbCC do not exceed adjusted bending design value F'bCC
F' bCC  1850 psi

fbCC
 0.76 The fb/F'b ratio is greater for C&C loading than for MWFRS
F' bCC loading. C&C controls for strength calculations.
Determine Deflection for C&C loading
1.9
0.70 wCC ft 4
5 in
ΔCC      L 12  IBC Table 1604 footnote (f) allows the wind load used in
384  Cr E Ix 12 in  ft  deflection calculations to be 0.42 times the C&C load. A factor
of 0.70 is applied since a 0.60 factor has already been
ΔCC  0.84 in
incorporated into the velocity pressure qh.
in
L 12
ft OK - Span to deflection ratio is greater than L / 180
 273
ΔCC
Results - Framing the south wall of the Foyer using No.2 SP 2x8 studs on 16 inch centers is adequate to
resist ASCE 7 loads.
80 2.1A WITHDRAWAL DESIGN VALUE - PLAIN SHANK NAIL
2.1a Withdrawal Design Value - Plain Shank Nail
E2.1a - Withdrawal Design Value - Plain Shank Nail
Using 2015/2018 NDS section 12.2, calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) reference
withdrawal design value in pounds (capacity) of an 8d common smooth-shank nail in the
connection below. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.:
Main member:
Spruce-Pine-Fir Nominal 4x (Actual dimension 3.5 in.) (G = 0.42)
Side member:
12 gage (0.105 in. thick) ASTM A653 Grade 33 steel side plate
Fastener Dimensions:
8d common nail (NDS Table L4)
Length = 2.5 in.
Diameter = 0.131 in.
2.1A
E2.1a - Withdrawal Design Value - Plain Shank Nail
Using 2015/2018 NDS section 12.2, calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) reference
WITHDRAWAL DESIGN VALUE - PLAIN SHANK NAIL

withdrawal design value in pounds (capacity) of an 8d common smooth-shank nail in the
connection below. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.:
Main member:
Spruce-Pine-Fir Nominal 4x (Actual dimension 3.5 in.) (G = 0.42)
Side member:
12 gage (0.105 in. thick) ASTM A653 Grade 33 steel side plate
8d common nail (NDS Table L4)
Length = 2.5 in.
D  0.131 Fastener diameter (in.)
G  0.42 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
L  2.5 Nail Length (in.)
Ls  0.105 Side Member thickness (in.)
p t  L  Ls Nail penetration into main member (in.)
p t  2.395
5
2
W  1380 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-3
W  20.7 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table

12.2C, W = 21 lbs/in
W p t  49.5 Reference withdrawal design value based on nail

penetration into main member (lbs)
See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on
end use conditions.
82 2.1B FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY - ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAIL (2018 NDS ONLY)
2.1b Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail (2018 NDS Only)
E2.1b - Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing

Ring Shank Nail in 5/8" WSP (2018 NDS Only)
Using 2018 NDS section 12.2, calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) reference withdrawal
design value in pounds (capacity) and head pull-through design value in pounds (capacity) of a
0.131" diameter, 3" long roof sheathing ring shank (RSRS-05) nail in the narrow face of a Douglas
Fir-Larch nominal 2x6 with a 5/8 in. thick Douglas-Fir Wood Structural Panel (plywood or
oriented strand board) side member. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.
Main member:
Douglas Fir-Larch (DFL) 2x6 (G = 0.5)
Side member:
5/8 in. thick Wood Structural Panel (WSP) (G = 0.5)
Dash No. 05 (NDS Table L6)
Length = 3 in.
Head diameter = 0.281 in.
TL = 1.5 in.
E2.1b - Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing

2.1B
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY - ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAIL (2018 NDS ONLY)
Main member:
Side member:
Length = 3 in.
TL = 1.5 in.
DH  0.281 Fastener head diameter (in.)
TL  1.5 Deformed Shank Length (in.)
t ns  0.625 Net Side Member thickness (in.)
G  0.5 Specific gravity, main and side members (NDS Table 12.3.3A and 12.3.3B)
Checking Fastener Withdrawal

2
W  1800 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-5
W  59 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table 12.2E, W =
59 lbs/in
W TL  88 Reference withdrawal design value based on deformed shank fastener

penetration (TL) in main member (lbs)
Checking Fastener Head Pull-Through
t ns  0.625
2.5DH  0.703 2.5DH greater than tns, so NDS Equation 12.2-6a applies
2
WH  690  π DH G  t ns NDS Equation 12.2-6a
WH  95 Head pull-through design value (lbs). Compare to NDS Table 12.2F, WH = 95 lbs
Fastener head pull-through design value of 95 lbs is greater than withdrawal design value of 88 lbs;
withdrawal controls design capacity. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment
factors for connections based on end use conditions.
84 2.1C FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY - ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAIL (2018 NDS ONLY
2.1c Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail (2018 NDS Only
E2.1c - Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing

Main member:
Side member:
Length = 3 in.
TL = 1.5 in.
E2.1c - Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing

2.1C
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY - ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAIL (2018 NDS ONLY)
Main member:
Side member:
Length = 3 in.
TL = 1.5 in.
DH  0.281 Fastener head diameter (in.)
TL  1.5 Deformed Shank Length (in.)
t ns  0.4375 Net Side Member thickness (in.)
G  0.5 Specific gravity, main and side members (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
Checking Fastener Withdrawal
2
W  1800 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-5
W  59 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table 12.2E, W =
59 lbs/in
Reference withdrawal design value based on deformed shank fastener
W TL  88
penetration (TL) in main member (lbs)
Checking Fastener Head Pull-Through
t ns  0.438
2.5DH  0.703 2.5DH greater than tns, so NDS Equation 12.2-6a applies
2
WH  690  π DH G  t ns NDS Equation 12.2-6a
WH  67 Head pull-through design value (lbs). Compare to NDS Table 12.2F, WH = 67 lbs
Fastener head pull-through design value of 67 lbs is less than withdrawal design value of 88 lbs;
fastener head pull-through controls design capacity. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of
additional adjustment factors for connections based on end use conditions.
86 2.2 SINGLE COMMON NAIL LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - SINGLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
2.2 Single Common Nail Lateral Design Value - Single Shear Wood-to-wood Connection
E2.2 - Single Common Nail Lateral Design Value - Single Shear

Wood-to-wood Connection
Using the 2015/2018 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a single shear connection with the
following configuration. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.
Main member
Nominal 3x Douglas Fir-Larch (Actual thickness = 2.5 in.) (G = 0.5) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
Side member
10d Common Nail (NDS Table L4)
D = 0.148 in.
Length = 3 in.
E2.2 - Single Common Nail Lateral Design Value - Single Shear

Using the 2015/2018 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a single shear connection with the
following configuration. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.
Main member
2.2
Side member
SINGLE COMMON NAIL LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - SINGLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
10d Common Nail (NDS Table L4)
D = 0.148 in.
Length = 3 in.
Define parameters:
Fem  4650 Main member Dowel Bearing Strength (NDS Table 12.3.3) (psi)
Fes  4650 Side member Dowel Bearing Strength (NDS Table 12.3.3) (psi)
Fem
Re 
Fes Re  1
Fyb  90000 Fastener dowel bending yield strength (psi) (NDS Table I1)
D  0.148 Nail Diameter (in.)
Tip  2  D Length of tapered fastener tip (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3b)
Ls  0.75 Side member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Tip
Lm  3  Ls  Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3)
2
Lm  2.1
2015 NDS 12.1.6.5 (2018 NDS 12.1.6.4) Requires minimum main member penetration
equal to 6D, Lm > 0.89 in.
Rd  2.2 Reduction Term (NDS Table 12.3.1B)
Calculate k1, k2, and k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Lm
Rt  Rt  2.803
Ls
 R  2  R 2  1  R  R 2  R 2 R 3  R  1  R 
 e e  t t  t e e t
k 1 
1  Re
k 1  0.935
2
 
2  Fyb 1  2  Re  D
k 2  1   
2 1  Re 
2
3  Fem Lm
k 2  1.047
2
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  D
k 3  1   
Re 2
  3  Fem Ls
k 3  1.347
Yield Mode Calculations (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Mode Im
D Lm Fem
ZIm 
Rd
ZIm  658 Yield Mode Im Solution (lbs)
Mode Is
D Ls Fes
ZIs 
Rd
ZIs  235 Yield Mode Is Solution (lbs)
Mode II
k 1  D Ls Fes
ZII 
Rd
ZII  219 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
2.2
k 2  D Lm Fem
ZIIIm 
 1  2  R e  R d
SINGLE COMMON NAIL LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - SINGLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
ZIIIm  230 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
k 3  D Ls Fem
ZIIIs 
 2  Re  Rd
ZIIIs  105 Yield Mode IIIs Solution (lbs)
Mode IV
 D2  2 Fem Fyb
ZIV  
 Rd  3   1  R e
 
ZIV  118
Yield Mode IV Solution (lbs)
 ZIm 
   658 
 ZIs   235 
 Z   
II  219 
Zdist   Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 ZIIIm   230 
   105 
 ZIIIs   
Z   118 
 IV 

Z  min Zdist 
Z  105 Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z-reference lateral
design value (lbs). Mode IIIs controls. Compare to NDS Table 12N
value = 105 lbs. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of
additional adjustment factors for connections based on end use
conditions.
2.3 Withdrawal Design Value - Lag Screw
E2.3 - Withdrawal Design Value - Lag Screw
Using 2015/2018 NDS provisions (NDS 12.2), calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
withdrawal design value of a lag screw in the connection below. Assume all adjustment factors
are unity.
Main member:
Southern Pine Nominal 6x (Actual thickness = 5.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
Side member:
2.3
1/2 in. diameter lag screw (NDS Table L2)
WITHDRAWAL DESIGN VALUE - LAG SCREW

Length = 4 in.
Tip Length = 0.3125 in.
92 2.3 WITHDRAWAL DESIGN VALUE - LAG SCREW
E2.3 - Withdrawal Design Value - Lag Screw

Using 2015/2018 NDS provisions (NDS 12.2), calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
withdrawal design value of a lag screw in the connection below. Assume all adjustment factors
are unity.
Main member:
Side member:
1/2 in. diameter lag screw (NDS Table L2)
Length = 4 in.
Tip Length = 0.3125 in.

tip  0.3125 Fastener tapered tip length (in.)
G  0.55 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
L  4 Lag screw length (in.)
Ls  1.5 Side Member thickness (in.)
p t  L  Ls  tip Lag screw penetration into main member (in.)

Note: Per Table L2, the unthreaded body length, S = 1.5".
p t  2.188
Therefore, the threaded portion begins at the wood-to-wood
interface. Note pt also matches Table L2 dimension T-E = 2-3/16".
Longer lag screws have different thread length dimensions
requiring evaluation to determine actual thread penetration.
3 3
2 4
W  1800 G  D NDS Equation 12.2-1
W  436.6 Compare to NDS Reference Withdrawal Design Value Table

12.2A, W = 437 lbs/in.
W p t  955 Withdrawal design value based on main member penetration

(lbs)
See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on end
use conditions.
2.4 Single Wood Screw Lateral Design Value - Double Shear Wood-to-wood Connection
E2.4 - Single Wood Screw Lateral Design Value - Double

Shear Wood-to-wood Connection
Using 2015/2018 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the allowable stress
design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a double shear connection with the following
configuration. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.
Main member
Actual 3 in. Structural Composite Lumber Member (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3.3)
Side members
Nominal 2x Douglas Fir-Larch (DFL) (Actual thickness = 1.5 in.) (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3A)
Number 10 Wood Screw (NDS Table L3)
D = 0.19 in.
2.4
Dr= 0.152 in.
Length = 6 in.
SINGLE WOOD SCREW LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - DOUBLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
94 2.4 SINGLE WOOD SCREW LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - DOUBLE WOOD TO WOOD CONNECTION
E2.4 - Single Wood Screw Lateral Design Value - Double Shear

Using 2015/2018 NDS yield limit equations in section 12.3, determine the allowable stress
design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a double shear connection with the following
configuration. Assume all adjustment factors are unity.
Main member
Actual 3 in. Structural Composite Lumber Member (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3.3)
Side members
Nominal 2x Douglas Fir-Larch (DFL) (Actual thickness = 1.5 in.) (G = 0.5) (NDS 12.3.3A)
Number 10 Wood Screw (NDS Table L3)
D = 0.19 in.
Dr= 0.152 in.
Length = 6 in.
Define parameters:
Fem
Re  Re  1
Fes
t m  3.0 Main Member thickness (in.)
t s  1.5 Side Member thickness (in.)

D  0.19 Screw Diameter (in.)
Dr  0.152 Screw Root Diameter (in.)

Lscrew  6 Screw Length (in.)
Tip  2  D Length of tapered fastener tip (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3b)

Lm  t m Lm  3
Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5.3)
Tip
Ls  Lscrew  Lm  t s  Side member (holding the screw tip) Dowel Bearing
2 Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Ls  1.31 NDS 12.1.5.6 requires minimum 6D penetration, Ls>1.14 in. OK
Rd  10D  0.5 Rd  2.4 Reduction Term (NDS Table 12.3.1B)
Calculate k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A) (k1 and k2 not used)
2
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  Dr
k 3  1   
 Re  3  Fem Ls
2
k 3  1.095
Mode Im
2.4
Dr Lm Fem
ZIm 
Rd
SINGLE WOOD SCREW LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - DOUBLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
Mode Is
2Dr Ls Fes

ZIs 
Rd
Mode IIIs
2k 3  Dr Ls Fem

ZIIIs 
 2  Re  Rd
Mode IV
 2D 2  2 F  F
 r  em yb
ZIV 
 R   3  1  R 
 d  e
ZIV  234
96 2.4 SINGLE WOOD SCREW LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - DOUBLE WOOD TO WOOD CONNECTION
 ZIm 
   1055 
 ZIs  921 
Zdist    Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 336 
 ZIIIs   234 
Z   
 IV 

Z  min Zdist 
Z  234 Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z-reference lateral design
value (lbs). Mode IV controls.
There are no tabulated values in the NDS to compare. Note that a single
shear wood screw design value in NDS Table 12L is 117 lbs, which is
half the value calculated here, since it is also Mode IV controlled. See
NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for
connections based on end use conditions.
2.5 Single Bolt Lateral Design Value - Single Shear Wood-to-Wood Connection
E2.5 - Single Bolt Lateral Design Value - Single Shear

Wood-to-Wood Connection
Using the 2015/2018 NDS Yield Limit Equations (NDS 12.3), determine the Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a single shear connection with
the following configuration:
Main member
Nominal 4x Hem-Fir (Actual thickness = 3.5")
Side member
Both members loaded parallel to grain

G = 0.43 for Hem-Fir (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
1/2 in. diameter bolt
8 in. Bolt with 1.5 in. thread length (NDS Table L1)
2.5
SINGLE BOLT LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - SINGLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
98 2.5 SINGLE BOLT LATERAL DESIGN VALUE - SINGLE SHEAR WOOD-TO-WOOD CONNECTION
E2.5 - Single Bolt Lateral Design Value - Single Shear

Wood-to-Wood Connection
Using the 2015/2018 NDS Yield Limit Equations (NDS 12.3), determine the Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) reference lateral design value of a single shear connection with
the following configuration:
Main member
Side member
Both members loaded parallel to grain

G = 0.43 for Hem-Fir (NDS Table 12.3.3A)
1/2 in. diameter bolt
8 in. Bolt with 1.5 in. thread length (NDS Table L1)
Define parameters:
Fem
Re 
Fes Re  1
D  0.5 Bolt Diameter (in.)

Per NDS 12.3.7.2, check that threads are less than 1/4 the bearing length in the member holding
the threads. In this case, 3.5 in./4 > 0.5 in. Therefore, OK to use D instead of Dr in calculations.
Ls  3.5 Side member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Lm  3.5 Main member Dowel Bearing Length (in.) (NDS 12.3.5)
Rd1  4.0
Rd2  3.6
Reduction Terms (NDS Table 12.3.1B)
Rd3  3.2
Calculate k1, k2, and k3 (NDS Table 12.3.1A)
Lm
Rt  Rt  1
Ls
 R  2  R 2  1  R  R 2  R 2 R 3  R  1  R 
 e e  t t  t e e t
k 1 
1R e
k 1  0.414
2
 
2  Fyb 1  2  Re  D
k 2  1 
 
2 1  Re  2
3  Fem Lm
2.5
k 2  1.093

2
 2  1  Re 2  Fyb  2  Re  D
k 3  1  
 
 Re  3  Fem Ls
2
k 3  1.093
Mode Im
D Lm Fem
ZIm 
Rd1
Mode Is
D Ls Fes
ZIs 
Rd1
Mode II
k 1  D Ls Fes
ZII 
Rd2
ZII  966 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
k 2  D Lm Fem
ZIIIm 
1  2 Re Rd3
ZIIIm  957 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
k 3  D Ls Fem
ZIIIs 
2  Re Rd3
Mode IV
 D2  2 Fem Fyb
ZIV 
 
 Rd3  3  1  Re
 
ZIV  663
 ZIm 
 
 ZIs 
 Z 
II 
Zdist   Creating an array with all Yield Mode Solutions
 ZIIIm 
 
 ZIIIs 
Z 
 IV 
Minimum value of all Yield Modes provides Z-reference lateral

Z  min Zdist  Z  663
design value (lbs). Mode IV controls.
Repeat same problem, but solve using Technical Report 12 - General Dowel Equations for
Calculating Lateral Connection Values (TR-12) Equations for comparison
q s  Fes D
 Side member dowel bearing resistance, lbs/in.
q m  Fem D
 Main member dowel bearing resistance, lbs/in.
3
Fyb D Side and Main member dowel resistance (equal due to equivalent dowel
M 
6 diameter in both members), in.-lbs
gap  0 Gap between member shear planes, in.
2.5
The limiting wood stresses used in the yield model are based on the load at which the
load-deformation curve from a fastener embedment test intersects a line represented by the
initial tangent modolus offset 5% of the fastener diameter. The reduction term, Rd, reduces the
values calculated using the yield limit equations to approximate estimates of the nominal
proportional limit design values in previous NDS editions.
Yield Mode Calculations (TR-12 Table 1-1)
Mode Im
PIm  q m Lm

TR-12 Yield Mode Im Solution (lbs)

PIm  8400
Mode Is
PIs  q s Ls

TR-12 Yield Mode Is Solution (lbs)
PIs  8400
Mode II
1 1
AII 
 
4 qs 4 qm
Ls Lm
BII   gap 
2 2
2 2
q s Ls q m Lm
CII  
4 4
2
BII  BII  4  AII CII
PII 
2  AII
PII  3479 TR-12 Yield Mode II Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIm
1 1
AIIIm 
 
2 qs 4 qm
Lm
BIIIm  gap 

2
2
q m Lm
CIIIm  M 

4
2
BIIIm  BIIIm  4  AIIIm CIIIm
PIIIm 
2  AIIIm
PIIIm  3062
TR-12 Yield Mode IIIm Solution (lbs)
Mode IIIs
1 1
AIIIs 
 
4 qs 2 qm
Ls
BIIIs  gap 

2
2
q s Ls
CIIIs  M 

4
2
BIIIs  BIIIs  4  AIIIs CIIIs
PIIIs 
2  AIIIs
PIIIs  3062
TR-12 Yield Mode IIIs Solution (lbs)
Mode IV
1 1
AIV 
 
2 qs 2 qm
BIV  gap
CIV  M  M

2
BIV  BIV  4  AIV CIV
PIV 
2  AIV
PIV  2121 TR-12 Yield Mode IV Solution (lbs)
 PIm 
 Rd1 
 
2.5
 PIs 
 Rd1 
   2100 

 PII   2100  Converting from TR-12 "P" values to NDS "Z"
 R    values and creating an array. Shows TR-12
d2  966 
Zdist2   Zdist2   results equal NDS results for each Yield
 PIIIm   957  Mode. All values in units of lbs.
   957 
 Rd3   
P   663 
 IIIs 
 Rd3 
 
 PIV 
 Rd3 
 

Z2  min Zdist2  Z value from TR-12 equations is equivalent to Z value from NDS
equations and comparable to NDS Table 12A value Zparallel = 660
Z2  663 lbs. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment
factors for connections based on end use conditions.
 2100   2100 
 2100   2100  For comparison, Zdist shows NDS
    equation results, Zdist2 shows TR-12
 966   966 
Zdist  Zdist2  equation results, for Modes Im, Is, II,
 957   957 
IIIm, IIIs, and IV, respectively. All
 957   957 
    values in units of lbs.
 663   663 
2.6 Bolted Wood-to-Wood Tension Splice Connection Capacity
E2.6 - Bolted Wood-to-Wood Tension Splice

Connection Capacity
Determine the ASD Capacity of a tension splice shown in the Figure below.
Assume 1" diameter x 5" long bolts

Main and side members are nominal 2x12 No. 2 Southern Pine (G = 0.55)
Dead and construction live loads apply
Normal moisture and temperature conditions
Members loaded parallel to grain
3-5/8"
P P
4"
3-5/8"
7" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 7"

38"
2.6
P P
BOLTED WOOD-TO-WOOD TENSION SPLICE CONNECTION CAPACITY
106 2.6 BOLTED WOOD-TO-WOOD TENSION SPLICE CONNECTION CAPACITY
E2.6 - Bolted Wood-to-Wood Tension Splice

Connection Capacity
Determine the ASD Capacity of a tension splice shown in the Figure below.
Assume 1" diameter x 5" long bolts

Main and side members are nominal 2x12 No. 2 Southern Pine (G = 0.55)
Dead and construction live loads apply
Normal moisture and temperature conditions
Members loaded parallel to grain
3-5/8"
P P
4"
3-5/8"
7" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 4" 7"

38"
P P
Define parameters:
D  1.0 Bolt Diameter (in.)
s  4 Fastener row spacing (in.)
Ls  1.5 Side member Dowel Bearing Length (NDS 12.3.5)
Lm  1.5 Main member Dowel Bearing Length (NDS 12.3.5.3)
CD  1.25 Construction load duration (NDS Table 2.3.2)
CM  1.0 Ct  1.0
Group Action Factor (Cg)

As  2  16.875 Area of side members (In2)
Am  16.875 Area of main member (In2)
NDS Table 11.3.6A Footnote 1 states when As/Am > 1.0, use Am/As and Am instead of As.
Assuming 3 fasteners per row, interpolate results from Table 11.3.6A
Cg  0.97
Geometry Factor (CΔ)
Geometry factor provides reduction of reference lateral design values for less than full end
distance, edge distance, or spacing (NDS 12.5.1). Smallest calculated geometry factor will
control.
End distance
NDS 12.5.1.2(a), Table 12.5.1A
Minimumend  7 Minimum end distance required for CΔ = 1.0 (in.)
Minimum end distance = 7D for softwoods loaded parallel to grain
Providedend  4 Provided end distance (in.)
Providedend
CΔend 
Minimumend
CΔend  0.57
Geometry factor based on end distance
Spacing between bolts
2.6
NDS 12.5.1.2(c), Table 12.5.1B
Minimumbolt  4 Minimum spacing between bolts required for CΔ = 1.0 (in.)
Minimumum spacing = 4D for parallel to grain load

Providedbolt  4
Provided spacing between bolts (in.)
CΔbolt  1.0 Provided spacing greater than or equal to minimum spacing for CΔ = 1.0
Edge distance
NDS 12.5.1.3, Table 12.5.1C
Minimumedge  1.5 Minimum edge distance required for CΔ = 1.0 (in.)
Minimumum edge distance = 1.5D for parallel to grain load and L/D≤6
Providededge  3.625 Provided edge distance between bolts (in.)
CΔedge  1.0 Provided edge distance greater than or equal to minimum spacing for CΔ = 1.0
108 2.6 BOLTED WOOD-TO-WOOD TENSION SPLICE CONNECTION CAPACITY
Spacing between rows

NDS 12.5.1.3, Table 12.5.1D
Minimumrow  1.5 Minimum spacing between rows required for CΔ = 1.0 (in.)
Minimumum spacing = 1.5D for parallel to grain load
Providedrow  4
Provided spacing between bolts (in.)
CΔrow  1.0 Provided spacing greater than or equal to minimum spacing for CΔ = 1.0

CΔ  min CΔend CΔbolt CΔedge CΔrow 
CΔ  0.57
Reference Lateral Design Value
Z  2310 Reference Lateral Design Value (NDS Table 12F)
Adjusted Multiple Bolt Capacity
n  6 n = number of bolts on each side
Zadj  n  Z CD Cg  CΔ CM  Ct

Adjusted ASD lateral design value (lbs)
Zadj  9603
Local Stresses in Fastener Groups

NDS Appendix E calls for net section tension, row tear-out, and group tear-out capacity checks.
The only applicable adjustment factor for these checks will be the load duration factor, CD.
Net Section Tension Check

Anet  ( 11.25  1.0625 2 )  1.5 Net area = (member depth - bolt hole width) x member width
Note: hole size includes 1/16" oversizing per 2015/2018 NDS
12.1.3.2
Anet  13.7
Net area (in.2)
Ft  450 Nominal tension parallel to grain design value (psi)
Ftadj  Ft CD CM  Ct
Ftadj  562.5 Adjusted tension parallel to grain design value (psi)
ZNTadj  Ftadj  Anet
ZNTadj  7699 Adjusted Net Section Tension Capacity (lbs)
Row Tear-Out Check

t  1.5 Member thickness (in.)
Fv  175 Nominal shear parallel to grain design value (psi)
Fvadj  Fv  CD CM  Ct
Adjusted shear parallel to grain design value (psi)
Fvadj  219
scritical  4 scritical is the minimum of the end distance and the

in-row bolt spacing
n i  3 Number of fasteners in a single row
ZRTiadj  n i Fvadj t  scritical

Adjusted row tear-out capacity for single row (lbs)
ZRTiadj  3938
ZRTadj  2  n i  Fvadj t scritical

Adjusted row tear-out capacity for two rows (lbs)
ZRTadj  7875
2.6
Group Tear-Out Check

ZRT1adj  ZRTiadj
ZRT1' is row tear-out capacity for 1st row of bolts,ZRT2' is row
ZRT2adj  ZRTiadj tear-out capacity for 2nd row of bolts, both values in lbs
Agroupnet  ( 4  1.0625)  1.5 Agroupnet is equal to distance between bolt rows times
member thickness (in.2)
Ftadj  562.5 Adjusted tension parallel to grain design value (psi)
ZRT1adj ZRT2adj
ZGTadj    Ftadj  Agroupnet
2 2
ZGTadj  6416 Adjusted group tear-out capacity (lbs)
Connection capacity is minimum of calculated


Capacity  min Zadj ZNTadj ZRTadj ZGTadj  capacities (lbs). Note group tear-out controls.
However, increasing the spacing between bolt
Capacity  6416
rows, up to a maximum of 5" for dimension
lumber, can increase group tear-out capacity.
Bolt sizes could be reduced to more closely
match net section capacities.
110 3.1 SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND
3.1 Segmented Shear Wall Design - Wind
E3.1 - Segmented Shear Wall Design - Wind

Using the 2015 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS), design the first floor
wall shown in the diagram below as a segmented shear wall for a two-story house using Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) provisions
Design wind speed = 160 mph (700-yr wind speed, 3-second gust)
Exposure Category B
Building dimensions:
L = 40 ft
W = 32 ft
Roof pitch = 7:12
Top plate to ridge height = 9.3 ft
Wall height = 9 ft
Door height = 7 ft 6 in.
Window height = 4.5 ft
Stud spacing = 16 in. o.c.
Studs are Southern Pine (G=0.55)
Check design with and without interior gypsum and neglect deflection.
Use ASCE 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures to determine wind
loads.
3.1
Design with Interior Gypsum
SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND

Check maximum segment length based on Aspect Ratio Limits
Maximum aspect ratio for Wood Structural Panel Shear Walls = 3.5:1 (SDPWS 4.3.4)
Minimum segment length =Wall Height/Aspect Ratio
9
Lmin  Lmin  2.6 Minimum full height wall segment length (ft)
3.5
All full height segments satisfy aspect ratio requirements. Maximum aspect ratio for WSP shear
walls to avoid capacity adjustments = 2:1, so 3 foot wide segments will require capacity
adjustments.
Vw  5520 Applied shear load on each shear wall due to wind force (lbs)
h  9 Wall height (ft)
(Note: Shear load calculated using Table 2.5B of 2015 Wood Frame Construction Manual)
Assume 15/32 in. thick Wood Structural Panel (WSP) Sheathing, 8d nails @ 4 in. o.c. edge
spacing. SDPWS Table 4.3A nominal capacity = 1065 lbs/ft (Wind)
1065 ASD Shearwall Capacity, WSP (lbs/ft)

v wASDWSP  v wASDWSP  532.5
2 (SDPWS 4.3.3)
Maximum aspect ratio for gypsum wallboard = 2:1 (SDPWS 4.3.4) and segments
exceeding 1.5:1 shall be blocked. Since no segment in the wall meets the 1.5:1 aspect
ratio, assume all gypsum panels will be blocked.
Assume 1/2 in. thick Gypsum Wallboard (GWB) Sheathing, 5d cooler nail @ 7 in. o.c. edge
spacing, 16 in. o.c. studs, blocked
SDPWS Table 4.3C nominal capacity = 250 lb/ft

250 ASD Shearwall Capacity, Gypsum (lbs/ft)
v wASDGWB  v wASDGWB  125
2 (SDPWS 4.3.3)
Capacity of WSP and GWB can be added (SDPWS 4.3.3.3.2)
v WCASD  v wASDWSP  v wASDGWB
v WCASD  657.5 ASD Shearwall Capacity, WSP and GWB combined (lbs/ft)
Need minimum 5520 lbs capacity to resist applied wind shear. Provide full height segments on
either side of door for 10 ft of full height sheathing.
Capacity  2  5  v WCASD
Capacity  6575 Wall capacity (lbs)

Wall capacity exceeds demand, so design is OK.
112 3.1 SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND
Hold down capacity is based on induced unit shear (hold downs at each end of each panel)
Leff  10
Effective length of Full Height Segments (ft)
 Vw 
T   L  h T  4968 Required Hold down capacity (lbs)
 eff 
Hold down would need to be combined with 2nd floor hold down requirements. Dead load offset
has been neglected in this example.
Design without Interior Gypsum

9
3.5
adjustments.
1065
v wASDWSP  v wASDWSP  532.5 ASD Shearwall Capacity, WSP
2 (lbs/ft) (SDPWS 4.3.3)
Provide two 5 ft wide by 9 ft height panels and two 3 ft wide by 9 ft height panels. Three ft wide
panels require adjustment per SDPWS 4.3.3.4.1. Capacity of each 3 ft wide segment is
multiplied by 2bs/h adjustment factor.
b s  3 Width of panel requiring capacity adjustment (ft)
 2bs 
Capacity  2  5  v wASDWSP    ( 2) ( 3 )  v wASDWSP
 h 
Hold down capacity is based on induced unit shear (hold downs at each end of each panel)
3.1
 2b s 
Leff  2 ( 5 )    ( 2 ) ( 3) Leff  14 Provided effective Full Height Sheathing Length (ft)
 h 
SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND

 Vw 
T   L  h T  3549 Required Hold down capacity (lbs) (SDPWS 4.3.6.1.2)
 eff 
Hold down would need to be combined with 2nd floor hold down requirements. Dead load offset
has been neglected in this example. (SDPWS 4.3.6.4.2)
114 3.2 SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - SEISMIC
3.2 Segmented Shear Wall Design - Seismic
E3.2 - Segmented Shear Wall Design - Seismic

wall shown in the diagram below as a segmented shear wall for a two-story house using Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) provisions
Seismic Design Category D1 (Based on 2015 IRC)

L = 40 ft
W = 32 ft
Roof pitch = 7:12
Wall height = 9 ft
Neglect deflection check.
Use ASCE 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Simplified Approach to
determine seismic loads.

3.2
9
3.5
SEGMENTED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - SEISMIC

adjustments.
Vs  4733 Applied shear load on each shear wall due to seismic force (lbs)
(Note: Seismic force calculated using WFCM Table 2.6 and WFCM Commentary.)
spacing. Studs @ 16 in. o.c. triggers Footnote 2 which allows for use of 15/32 in. panel shear
values. SDPWS Table 4.3A nominal capacity = 760 lbs/ft (Seismic). Unlike wind design, gypsum
capacity is not included for seismic shear wall design.
760
v sASDWSP  v sASDWSP  380 ASD Shearwall Capacity (lbs/ft) (SDPWS 4.3.3)
2
Provide two 5 ft wide by 9 ft height panels and two 3 ft wide by 9 ft height panels. Three ft wide
panels require adjustment per SDPWS 4.3.3.4.1. Capacity of each 3 ft wide segment is
multiplied by 2bs/h adjustment factor.
b s  3 Width of panel requiring capacity adjustment (ft)
 2bs 
Capacity  2  5  v sASDWSP    ( 2) ( 3 )  v sASDWSP
 h 
Hold down capacity is based on induced unit shear of effective length of Full Height Segments.
 2b s 
Leff  2 ( 5 ) 
   ( 2 ) ( 3) Leff  14 Provided effective Full Height Sheathing Length (ft)
 h 
Vs
T h T  3043 Required Hold down capacity (lbs) (SDPWS 4.3.6.1.2)
Leff
Hold down would need to be combined with 2nd floor hold down requirements. Dead load offset has
been neglected in this example. (SDPWS 4.3.6.4.2)
116 3.3 PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND
3.3 Perforated Shear Wall Design - Wind
E3.3 - Perforated Shear Wall Design - Wind

wall shown in the diagram below as as perforated shear wall (PSW) for a two-story house using
Allowable Stress Design (ASD) provisions
Design Wind Speed = 160 mph (3 sec. gust, 700 year return)
Exposure B
L = 40 ft
W = 32 ft
Roof pitch = 7:12
Wall height = 9 ft
Check design with and without interior gypsum, neglect deflection.
Use Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures (ASCE 7-10) to determine loads.

Minimum segment length = Wall Height/Aspect Ratio
9
Lmin 
 Minimum full height wall segment length (ft)
3.5
3.3
adjustments.
PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND

Design with Interior Gypsum
1065
v wASDWSP  v wASDWSP  532.5 ASD Shear wall Capacity (lbs/ft) (SDPWS 4.3.3)
2
Maximum aspect ratio for gypsum wallboard = 2:1 (SDPWS 4.3.4) and segments
exceeding 1.5:1 shall be blocked. Since no segment in the wall meets the 1.5:1 aspect
ratio, assume all gypsum panels will be blocked.
Assume 1/2 in. thick Gypsum Wallboard (GWB) Sheathing, 5d cooler nail @ 7 in. o.c. edge
spacing, 16 in. o.c. studs, blocked
SDPWS Table 4.3C nominal capacity = 250 lb/ft
250
v wASDGWB  v wASDGWB  125 ASD Shear wall Capacity, Gypsum (lbs/ft)
2 (SDPWS 4.3.3)
Capacity of WSP and GWB can be added (SDPWS 4.3.3.3.2)
v WCASD  v wASDWSP  v wASDGWB
v WCASD  657.5 ASD Shear wall Capacity, WSP and GWB combined (lbs/ft)
Calculate PSW Shear Capacity Adjustment Factor (Co)
2 3 
Li  2 ( 5 )  4  
  3
 9   Effective length of Full Height Segments (ft) using
Li  18 adjustment from SDPWS 4.3.4.3
Ltot  40 Wall length (ft)
118 3.3 PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - WIND
Ao  4 ( 4.5 3 )  ( 6  7.5) Area of openings (ft2)

Ao  99
1
r 
Ao r  0.621 (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-6)
1
h  Li
Co   r   Ltot Co  0.78 (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-5)

 3  2r  L
  i
v PSW  v WCASD Co v PSW  516 Perforated Shearwall (PSW) Capacity (lbs/ft)
Vw
LPSW  LPSW  10.7 Required length of Full Height Sheathing (LPSW) (ft)
v PSW
Provided effective length 18 ft of FHS is greater than required 10.7 ft
T 
 1T

Vw h  Required Hold-down capacity (lbs) (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-8)
C o  Li
Design without Interior Gypsum
Vw  5520 Wind reaction on shear wall (lbs)

1065
v wASDWSP  v wASDWSP  532.5 ASD Shear wall Capacity (lbs/ft) (SDPWS 4.3.3)
2
Co  0.78 Calculated PSW Shear Capacity Adjustment Factor (same as above)
v PSW  v wASDWSP Co
Perforated Shearwall (PSW) Capacity (lbs/ft)

v PSW  418
Vw
LPSW 
 10.7 Required length of Full Height Sheathing (LPSW) (ft)
v PSW
T 

Vw h
 3519

C o  Li Required Hold-down capacity (lbs) (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-8)
Hold-down would need to be combined with 2nd floor hold-down requirements. Dead load offset has
been neglected in this example (SDPWS 4.3.6.4.2)
3.4 Perforated Shear Wall Design - Seismic
E3.4 - Perforated Shear Wall Design - Seismic

wall shown in the diagram below as as perforated shear wall for a two-story house using Allowable
Stress Design (ASD) provisions.
Seismic Design Category D1 (Based on 2015 IRC)
3.4
L = 40 ft
W = 32 ft
Roof pitch = 7:12
PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - SEISMIC

Wall height = 9 ft
Neglect deflection.
Use Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures (ASCE 7-10) to determine loads.
120 3.4 PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - SEISMIC

9
3.5
adjustments.
Vs  4733 Applied shear load on each shear wall due to seismic force (lbs)

(Note: Seismic force calculated using WFCM Table 2.6 and WFCM Commentary.)
spacing. Studs @ 16 in. o.c. triggers Footnote 2 allows for use of 15/32 in. panel shear values.
SDPWS Table 4.3A nominal capacity = 760 lbs/ft (Seismic). Unlike wind design, gypsum capacity
is not included for seismic shear wall design.
760
v sASDWSP  v sASDWSP  380 ASD Shearwall Capacity (lbs/ft) (SDPWS 4.3.3)
2
Calculate PSW Shear Capacity Adjustment Factor (Co)
2 3  
Li  2 ( 5 )  4    3
 9   Effective length of Full Height Segments (ft) using
adjustment from SDPWS 4.3.4.3
Li  18
Ltot  40 Total wall length (ft)
Ao  4 ( 4.5 3 )  ( 6  7.5) Area of openings (ft2)
Ao  99
1
r 
Ao (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-6)
1
h  Li
Co   r   Ltot (SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-5)

 3  2r  L
  i
Co  0.78
v PSW  v sASDWSP Co v PSW  298 Perforated Shearwall (PSW) Capacity (lbs/ft)
Vs
FHS
LPSW  L  15.9 Required length of Full Height Sheathing (FHS) (ft)
v PSW PSW
3.4
Hold down capacity for Perforated Shearwalls specified in SDPWS Eqn. 4.3-8
PERFORATED SHEAR WALL DESIGN - SEISMIC


Vs h 
T 
 1T
C o  Li T  3017 Required Hold down capacity (lbs)
Hold down would need to be combined with 2nd floor hold down requirements. Dead load offset has
been neglected in this example. (SDPWS 4.3.6.4.2)
122
NOTES

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About American Wood Council

About the International Code Council

2015/2018 Structural Wood Design Examples

First Web Version: August 2019

Copyright © 2019 by American Wood Council

Solutions have been developed using the MathCAD® 15

Foreword............................................................. iii Connection Problem Set................................80

1.1 Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD)

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (ASD AND LRFD)

E1.1 - Adjustment Factors (ASD and LRFD)

Ft  800  psi Fv  180psi

Determine Adjusted Bending Design Value (F'b) using ASD factors

Load Duration Factor

Wet Service Factor

Cfu  1.0 (NDS Supplement Table 4A)

Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)

Repetitive Member Factor

F' bASD  Fb  CD CMb Ct CL CF Cfu Ci Cr

Format Conversion Factor

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (ASD AND LRFD)

Time Effect Factor

Wet Service Factor

Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)

F' vASD  Fv  CD CMV Ct Ci

Format Conversion Factor

F' vLRFD  241 psi

Wet Service Factor

Ci  0.8 (NDS Table 4.3.8)

F' tASD  Ft CD CMt Ct CF Ci

Format Conversion Factor

F' tLRFD  Ft CMt Ct CF Ci KFt ϕt λ

Wet Service Factor

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS (ASD AND LRFD)

E'  E CME  CtE  CiE

E'  1453500 psi Adjusted ASD/LRFD Modulus of Elasticity (E')

Wet Service Factor

CtE  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)

CiE  0.95 (NDS Table 4.3.8)

Buckling Stiffness Factor

E'minASD  E CME  CtE  CiE  CT

Wet Service Factor

CtE  1.0 (NDS Table 2.3.3)

CiE  0.95 (NDS Table 4.3.8)

Buckling Stiffness Factor

Format Conversion Factor

E'minLRFD  E CME  CtE  CiE  CT KFE ϕE

1.2a Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)

E1.2a - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)

E1.2a - Simply Supported Beam Capacity Check (ASD)

Fb  1500 psi E  1900000  psi Emin  690000 psi (Table 4A)

CD  1.0 CM  1.0 Ct  1.0

E'  E CM  Ct Ci E'min  Emin CM  Ct Ci CT

Member dimensions and properties

Beam Stability Factor

l e  1.37 l u  3  d l e  375  in (Table 3.3.3)

SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM CAPACITY CHECK (ASD)

Determine Maximum Moment Allowed on Beam

Determine Maximum Hoist Load P

Check Compression Perpendicular to Grain at Bearing Points

F' c⊥  Fc⊥ CM  Ct Ci F' c⊥  625 psi fc⊥< F' c⊥ okay

not used in this example.

Calculate Span/Deflection Ratio