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5. c,fha Tlaiscka Èh ù mej;Sug my; l=uk nkaOk m%fNaoh wkqj myod Èh yelso@
1& oaùO%ej - fm%aß; oaùO%ej nkaOk iy ,kavka n,
2& fm%aß; oaùO%ej - fm%aß; oaùO%ej nkaOk
3& yhsv%cka nkaOk
4& oaùO%ej - oaùO%ej nkaOk
5& whk - fm%aß; oaùO%ej nkaOk
6. SO42 whkfha yevhg ie,lsh hq;= ;rï fjkia yevhla we;s whkh $ wKqj jkqfha"
10. ixY=oaO øjHhl mej;sh yels wka;¾ wKql wdl¾YK n, úfYaIhla jkqfha"
1& whk - oaùO%ej wdl¾YK n,
2& whk - fm%aß; oaùO%ej wdl¾YK n,
3& oaùO%ej - fm%aß; oaùO%ej wdl¾YK n,
4& yhsv%cka nkaOk
5& by; lsisjla fkdfõ
H H
12. H - aC - bC cC - dC - eO - H hk ixfhda.h ms<sn| i;H jkafka"
H H
1& a, b, c, d yd e mrudKq tlu ir, f¾Ldjl msyg
s hs'
2& c mrudKqj jgd yevh f¾Çh fõ'
3& b, c, e mrudKq sp uqyï
q lrKhg ,laj we;'
4& cde fldaKh 120o ls'
5& cde mrudKq sp3 uqyï
q lrKhg ,laj mj;S'
O
15. HSO whkhg [ H - O - S - O ] we¢h yels ia:dhS iïm%hqla; jHqy ixLHdj jkqfha"
4
O
1& 1 2& 2 3& 3
4& 4 5& 5
H O H
(1) (2) (3)
H-C -C -O -C-H
H H
by; jHqyfha C(1) , C(2) f,i f,an,a lr we;s ldnka mrudKq fol yd O(3) f,i f,an,a
lr we;s Tlaiscka mrudKq wjg bf,lafg%dak hq., cHdñ;sh" yevh iy tu mrudKqj,
uqyï
q lrKh ms<f
s j,ska jkqfha"
C ldKavfha m%Yak
Wmfoia (
tla tla m%Yakh i|yd m%ldY fol ne.ska bÈßm;a lr we;' tu m%ldY hq.,hg fyd¢kau
.e,fmkqfha my; j.=fõ ±lafjk mßÈ (1) (2) (3) (4) yd (5) hk m%;spdrj,ska ljr m%;spdrh
±hs f;dard W;a;r m;%fhys WÑ; f,i ,l=Kq lrkak'
A B C
N2
O H
C1 C2 C3 N
H H
H H
iv) by; (i) jHqyfha nkaOk iE§u i|yd iyNd.S jk mrudKql ldCIsl $ uqyï
q
ldCIsl y÷kd.kak'
1& C1 - C2 ; C1 ____________ C2 _____________
2& C2 - C3 ; C2 ____________ C3 _____________
3& C3 - N ; C3 ____________ N _____________
03. HN3 wKqj iïnkaOfhka (i) isg (iv) f;la fldgia i|yd ms<s;=re imhkak' tys iels,a,
my; § we;'
H N1 N2 N3
iv) by; (i) fldgfiys w¢k ,o ¨úia jHqyfhys my; olajd we;s nkaOk iE§u i|yd
iyNd.S jk mrudKq $ uqyï
q ldCIsl y÷kd.kak'
a) N1 yd N2 w;r '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
b) N1 yd H w;r '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
O O H
H Na Nb Nc H
i) by; whkh i|yd jvd;a ms<s.; yels ¨úia jHqyh w¢kak'
iii) by; (i) yd (iii) ys w¢k ,o jHqy 1" 2" 3 f,i kï lr tajdfha ia:dhS;djhka
wdfrdayKh jk wkqms<f
s j,g tu wxl ,shd olajkak'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+ - -
: :
: :
:O C N O:
ii) 'X' j, nyq, f,i mj;sk ia:dhS TlaislrK wjia:d fol ,shkak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iii) tla TlaislrK wjia:djla iys; 'X', A c,Sh ødjKfhys we;s w;r" wfkla
TlaislrK wjia:dj iys; 'X', B c,Sh ødjKfha we;' A yd B ødjK fol fjka
lr y÷kd.ekSu i|yd tla ridhksl mÍCIKhla fokak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
b) i) my; i|yka tla tla wKqfjys iEu mrudKqjlu msgia;r u ljpfha ixhqc;d
bf,lafg%dak ieliqu ±laùug z;s;a l;srZ rEmigyk w¢kak'
POCl3 , HNO3
iii) fuu jHqy j,ska jvd;au ia:dhS jHqyh fldgqj ;=< we| thg fya;= meyeÈ,s lrkak'
fya;=j ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
8. a) my; ¨úia jHqyh mokï lrf.k (I) isg (III) olajd m%Yakj,g ms<;
s =re imhkak'
(-)
:
:O:
(+)
: :
:
: :
H O N = C =N Cl:
N5
H N2 = C3 N
O1 Cl
4
=
I) my; i|yka is.aud ^ & nkaOk iE§ug iyNd.s jk mrudKql $ uqyqï ldCIsl
y÷kd.kak'
O1 - N2 O1 ......................... N2 .........................
N2 - C3 N2 ......................... C3 .........................
C3 - N2 C3 ......................... N4 .........................
N4 - O3 N4 ......................... O5 .........................
N4 - Cl N4 ......................... Cl .........................
II) by; i|yka jHqyfha my; i|yka nkaOk iE§ug iyNd.s jk mrudKql
ldCIsl y÷kd.kak'
N2 - O3 N2 ......................... C3 .........................
C3 - N4 C3 ......................... N4 .........................
III) by; ¨úia jHqyfha my; nkaOk fldaKj,g ;sìh yels wdikak w.hka i|yka
lrkak'
H - O1 - N mrudKq w;r fldaKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
O1 - N2 - C3 mrudKq w;r fldaKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
N2 - C3 - N4 mrudKq w;r fldaKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
C3 - N4 - Cl mrudKq w;r fldaKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
c) CH2N2 wKqj i|yd w¢k ,o jvd;au ia:dhS ¨úia ;s;a-bß jHqyh my; olajd we;'
:
H C N1 = N2
H
i) tu jHqyh mokï lrf.k my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
C N1 N2
VSEPR hq.,a
bf,lafg%dak hq.,a cHdñ;sh
yevh
uqyï
q lrKh
TlaislrK wxlh
ii) by; (i) fldgfiys fok ,o ¨úia ;s;a - bß jHqyfha my; i|yka nkaOk
iE§ug iyNd.s jk mrudKql $ uqyï
q ldCIsl y÷kd.kak'
H-C H ......................... C .........................
C - N2 C ......................... N2 .........................
N1 - N2 N1 ......................... N2 .........................
9. i) HS2O 3 whkh i|yd jvd;au ms<s.; yels ¨úia ;s;a-bß jHqyh w¢kak' thg wod<
iels,a, my; ±lafõ'
O
H - Oa - Sa - O
O
ii) by; w¢k ,o ¨úia jHqyh yer HS2O 3 whkh i|yd mej;sh yels jHqyfha mrudKq
w;r ;%s;aj nkaOk fkdue;s iïm%hl
q a; jHqy ;=kla w¢kak' Tn úiska w¢k ,o jvd
wia:dhS jHqyh háka wia:dhS f,i ,shkak'
iii) by; (i) ys ¨úia jHqyh i,lñka my; j.=j mqrjkak' th my; mßÈ wxlkh lr
we;'