Nirma University

Institute of Technology
B.Tech (First Year)
Chemistry (CY101)
Assignment 2
Lubricants & Greases

Place of submission – A110

All the questions are compulsory.

1. Define the term lubricants and lubrication. What are different types of lubricants with
examples?
2. What are the different functions of lubricants? Write the structure of graphite. Based on
this suggest why this can be used as a solid lubricant.
3. What are the different mechanisms of lubrication? Discuss Fluid-Film and Boundary Film
lubrication.
4. What are the different synthetic lubricants used? How are they superior over natural
lubricants?
5. Write the names of two semi-solid lubricants. What are greases and under what situations
are they employed? Discuss the composition and uses of (1) Ca-based (ii) Li-based (iii)
soda-based (iv) Axle greases.
6. What are additives? Why it is used in grease?
7. What is NLGI? Draw a table for the penetration index of different quality of greases.
8. Why in the case of lubricant and grease, boiling and freezing point are not considered?
9. Short answer questions
(i) How are viscosity and viscosity-index interrelated?
(ii) What types of lubricants are used for machineries operating under high
pressure and low speeds?
(iii) What should be the flash point of a good lubricant?
(iv) What is the significance of determining the pour-point of a lubricant?
(v) Why should good lubricating oil possess a low steam emulsion number?
(vi) What type of oils is suitable for thick-film lubrication?
10. Explain the following properties of lubricants
(i) Saponification value (ii) Cloud and pour-point (iii) Aniline point (iv) Oiliness (v) SEN
(vi) Drop point and pour point
11. Suggest the suitable properties of lubricating oil used for steam engines and transformers.
12. Describe the determination of flash-point and fire-point by Penskey Marten’s method.
13. What do you understand by consistency and drop-point of grease? Explain their
importance.
14. An oil sample under test has a Saybolt viscosity of 98 s at 210 oF and 492 s at 100 oF. The
Gulf oil possesses Saybolt viscosity of 98 sec at 210 oF and 8144 sec at 100oF. The
Pennsylvanian oil has Saybolt viscosity value of 98 s at 210 oF and 375 s at 100 oF.
Calculate Viscosity Index of oil sample under test.
15. An oil sample under test has saybolt universal viscosity same as that of standard Gulf oil
and Pennsylvanian oil at 210°F. Their saybolt universal viscosities at 100°F are 600, 800,
and 500, respectively. Calculate viscosity index of the oil sample.
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