MAGNETIC EFFECTS

OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

HANDWRITTEN NOTES
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Shobhit Norman
 Magnetic field and magnetic field lines

Magnetic field due to current through a

straight conductor
-
Maxwell 's Right hand thumb Rule
due to current through
magnetic field
circular loop

Magnetic field due to current through

solenoid .

1-
Electromagnet
force on a current carrying conductor
Magnetic Effects
in
magnetic field
a

of 1- Fleming 's left hand rule

Electric Current Electric
Principle
Motor working
Uses

Induction
Electromagnetic

f- Fleming
Galvanometer
to induce current in circuit
ways
-

's Right hand rule

Hans Christian Oersted discovered that a
compass needle got deflected when a current
carrying metallic conductor is placed nearby it According to him, deflection of compass
.

needle was due to the produced by electric current

magnetic afieldmetallic .

ooo Electric current

around it .
through conductor produces a
magnetic field
Magnetic fields
↳
space surrounding a
magnet within which a
magnetic force is
experienced .

It is a rector quantity SI unit is tesla . .

field Lines
Magnetic
h
Imaginary lines used to
represent magnetic field .

When iron
fillings are kept near a
magnetic they get ,

arranged in pattern which

a represents the magnetic
field lines .

°
They originate from North pole of a magnet and end
at its south pole outside the magnet g but inside the
.

magnet it is from south to north it

'-

°
They are continuous and form closed curves.

Tangent at any point on magnetic field gives the din

"
°

of magnetic field .

°
Magnetic field are
lines never intersect each other .

°
If field lines close field is
stronger If field lines
, . are far apart field,

is weak nsfcbse 20191

.

Magnetic field due to current through a

field lines are concentric circles with
straight
a conductor
Magnetic
'

centre at wire .

°
Magnitude of magnetic field increases if current
is increased .

°
of magnetic field decreases if we
Magnitude move
wire
away from .

# Maxwell 's
( Direction of
Right Hand thumb Rule :
field Ittihad tf IFT 1)
magnetic
It states that , if
you hold the current
carrying
straight wire in the grip of your right hand in
such that stretched thumb points in direction
way
a

of current then ,
the direction of the curl of the
fingers will give the direction of magnetic
field .
 Magnetic field due
to a current
through circular Loop .

Here also
( because
we can use
right
hand thumb rule
Stright wire tf et if circular death Fi )
.

°
Strength of magnetic field
the number of turns in the coil
be can
.
increased
by increasing
° Also ,
by increasing the current .

Magnetic field due to current in a lsolenoid

urn
I
coil of wrapped closely
A
many circular turns of insulated copper wire in
°

shape of cylinder .

solenoid
Magnetic field due to a current
carrying
°

is similar to that of that of

magnetic field
produced by a bar
magnetic .

o
field lines inside the solenoid are parallel straight
lines .

#
Electromagnet
core with
: A
temporary magnet of soft iron
coil wound around it which retains
a
used in electric
magnetism only when current
passes through the coil It is
electric motor etc
.

bells , telephones, .

conductor in
Force current
on a
in carrying field magnetic
°
If we place a current conductor
carrying
a
magnetic field then it
experiences a force ( except placed parallel )
.

°
Here we consider the direction of current and that of field is magnetic
perpendicular to each other .

°
It is due to the interaction between field magnetic
the current produced by
conductor and external magnetic field in which conductor is
carrying placed .

#
Fleming 's Left Hand pule.TK bse 202920191
If the forefinger , thumb and middle finger of left hand
are stretched
mutually perpendicular to each other , such
that the forefinger points along the direction of external
magnetic field , middle finger indicates the direction of
current , then the thumb points towards the direction
of force acting on the conductor .

Electric Motor fcbse 20191

device that converts electrical
An electric motor is
mechanical energy .
a
rotating energy to
PRINCIPLE: force on current carrying conductor in a
magnetic field .
 Ret
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t'
t
WORKING :
°
Initial ABCD is in horizon al position
y
is closed the current flows in ABCD
.

Key
B •
°
, permanent
° As BC and AD are
parallel so No force acts magnet
on them .

( UEF 4T ET 34T Iforce) topic that AT af ¥1 )

o
AB force in downward direction and arm
experiences a
CD experiences an equal force in upward direction ( Fleming 's left hand rule if .

direction Hiatt ) This causes the coil to rotate in anti clockwise direction
.
-

F
MABE
B
T)

att 'T
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'

When coil rotates in vertical position, the brushes lose contact with the and
rings
°

But the coil does not stop due to inertia of motion

°
current stops
flowing .

When coil rotates , rings also change their positions and come in contact with
.

opposite brushes .

°
This reverses the direction of current through the coil but the direction of current
on hand side of coil remains the same
right .

so the force on
,
hand side is
right upward
alwaysThus and a force on left hand
side is always in downward direction .
the coil continues to rotate
,
in anti clockwise direction
-

# Commercial uses of motor :

o can be used as an
electromagnet
An armature which is the
in place of permanent
magnet
and
.

of soft iron coil

assembly
°
, core .

Electromagnetic Induction ( Discovered by Michael Faraday)

An electric current produced in a closed circuit by a changing magnetic
field is called as induced current This phenomenon is called Electromagnetic .

Induction .
↳ ¢ bse 20201
Galvanometer An instrument that can detect the
# presence of a current
:
in a circuit . The pointer remains at zero (centre of the scale) for zero
current
flowing through it It can deflect either to the left or to the
marks
.

the direction of
right of the zero
depending on current .
# Ways to Induce current in a circuit :-

⑦ By moving a coil in a
magnetic field :
°
Moving
electric
a coil towards
current in the
sets a
magnet
coil circuit
up an
indicated
as
direction of galvanometer needle
°
by
The induced current is found to be maximum
.

when the direction of motion of coil is at right

to magnetic field
angle direction .

°
The of induced current can be reversed by
reversing thethendirection of magnetic field and if the coil
no current is induced in the coil
. as well as
magnet are
stationary ,
.

III BY changing magnetic

the field around a nearby coil .
:

coil L is
primary coil and coil 2 is secondary coil .

Primary one is connected to a battery

When .

the ( Kl is closed , the

current in primary
key
coil takes a little time rise
to from zero to a
maximum valve This causes a
momentary change
4t8gtMhfgE
.

field around this coil

in
magneticcurrent This induces a
.

momentary the in the

secondary coil
direction when the
is
.
The same

happens in reverse
key
opened Current B induced in coil 2 when current
.

in coil L is
changed which is indicated the deflection in
by galvanometer needle.

Hand middle finger

#
Fleming 's
Right Rule : If , forefinger
and thumb of the right hand are stretched at right
angles to each other with the forefinger in the direction
,
of the motion of the wire , then the induced current
in the wire is in the direction of middle
finger .