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Practical Research 1: Quarter 3 - Module 13: Literature Review
Practical Research 1: Quarter 3 - Module 13: Literature Review
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Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza, EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Angelo R. Tabernero
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
literature review. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
1
What I Know
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstracts below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
Abstract
2
Lesson
Research Experiences and
1 Knowledge
After knowing in-text and reference citation, you are now ready to write your related
literature. But writing literature review is not an easy task. Because on this part of
research, you are going to search for studies similar or related to your work. It
requires your time and your commitment (Bolderton, 2008). From those literatures,
you will draw connection in order to provide background on the issue you are going
to investigate and set gap that will be the relevance of your study (Denney &
Tewksbury, 2013).
However, you need to familiarize yourself first to the guidelines in doing literature
review. This lesson will acquaint you with the process in coming up a worthwhile
literature review.
What’s In
Identify the words hidden on the codes. Use the guide below. Write your answers on
your notebook.
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Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares the students to present their literature
review.
What’s New
Literature review provides background of the research. Bok on the other hand,
instead of reading studies related to their research opted to have concrete experience
of their research topic. Having a direct experience is good but of course you need to
read other researches in order to understand their claims and findings.
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What is It
Now we are going to deal with the guidelines on how to make literature review.
According to Morgan-Rallis (2018), there are guidelines that researchers need to
ponder in crafting their literature review.
1. Identify your variables. This is to determine what are your variables in your
research. In short, you should know your topic (Minch, 2018). For example,
your research title is like this:
Example
What are your variables here? Or simply, what is your topic all about? If you will be
labeling it, you will come up with this result.
a) PWD students
b) PWD students and community services
c) PWD students in a rural area
d) PWD engaged in community services
So, you can search for literatures: journal articles, published articles from credible
websites, magazines, newspapers related to the following. The question is how many
literatures are you going to search and what is the time frame? Some schools require
ten (10) to twenty (20) literatures conducted within five (5) years. Some just
acknowledge ten (10) from credible and scientific sources. Nonetheless, because the
research you are conducting is a novice research with the aim just for research
appreciation, ten (10) literatures from scientific sources are enough.
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Here are some websites that can help you search for any related literature.
3. Analyzing the literature. On this part of literature review, you need to analyze
what you have read. It requires you to evaluate the findings of the research.
You just need to identify what the literature has to say on the variable that
you have considered.
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4. Summarizing what you read by highlighting important things. On this part, you
need to summarize the literature you read. There are many ways of
summarizing it. However, you can consider my way of summarizing literature
through tables.
Tabular Method
Title Author Year Type Publication Findings Conclusion
Indicate the
name
Indicate
List the publisher if Write the
whether it Write the
Indicate author Put the year it is a book, findings if
is a book, conclusion
the title or it was website if it it is a
journal if it is a
of the authors published or is an online study or
article, study or
research of the finished if it source, important
online implication
you have study is name of the claim if it
sources, if it is an
read or unpublished journal, or is an
thesis or article
article the article
dissertation
institution
it was made
What’s More
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstract below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
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NEMO DAT QUOD NON HABET! The Lived Experience of Senior High School
Teachers Teaching Practical Research Subjects
Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is true, F if otherwise. Write
your answers on your notebook.
1. Identifying your variables of concerns will help you to find related studies.
2. Websites containing fake information are acceptable literature review.
3. Articles related to your research need to be recent and from reputable
sources.
4. Online libraries are good source of literature review.
5. Elsevier, Proquest, Springers and Eric are examples of reputable online
sources that you can consider.
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What I Can Do
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstract below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
Crossing the Bridge While it is Being Built: UA’s Experience on the K-12
Transition from the Perspective of the Administrators
Emmanuel M. Bagtas
Arnel T. Sicat
Joel Q. Calaguas
Oliver G. Yalung
Ralph Jayson D. Calbang
2016
Ad Meliora Journal
Abstract
This interpretive qualitative study aims to explore pertinent data in the University of
the Assumption regarding the experiences of the administrators on the K-12 basic
education program. Specifically, the research aimed to: 1) Identify the coping
strategies utilized by the administrators during implementation of the K to 12 basic
education program; 2) Enumerate the barrier or difficulties they have faced on the
implementation of the abovementioned program. 3) Determine future possible
obstacles or problems regarding the execution of the K to 12 program. 4) Describe
the institution’s best practices. There were 12 administrators who participated in the
research. The study was conducted on the respective offices of the administrators in
a Catholic university. The researchers utilized an interview guide that includes four
open-ended questions which are specific to the topic of K to 12 experiences of the
administrators. Based on the findings, the strategies utilized by the university to
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cope with the K to 12 transition were the formation of a K to 12 committee and early
preparation. The problems encountered by the institution were the renovation of
buildings and facilities, selection and training of faculty and changes in the curricula.
The foreseeable obstacles perceived by the administrators are the maintenance of
current buildings and facilities and hiring and retention of faculty members. The
University of the Assumption’s best practices include the top management’s initiative
and effective information dissention. It may be education program through the
administrators’ utilization of coping strategies, best practices and experiences when
faced with problems and difficulties. Findings of the study suggest that the
administrators must remain vigilant on the implementation of the K to 12 basic
education program.
Assessment
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstract below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the community outreach activities of a
selected Higher Education Institution (HEI) in the level of awareness,
implementation, and engagement of the three group of respondents, the selected
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College students of the College of Arts and Sciences and the College of Education,
the Faculty, staff and Administrator and the selected residents of the adopted
community of the university. It used an quantitative-descriptive design. A three-part
self-made questionnaires were given to the respondents. Both descriptive and
inferential measures were utilized in the treatment of data such as frequency count,
percentage, mean, ranking, analysis of variance, and applicable multiple
comparisons or post-hoc tests. The analysis of variance manifested a significant
difference among the three respondents in the three areas of concerns, namely, the
level of awareness, implementation, and engagement. The post hoc analysis further
showed the group of faculty, staff and administrator caused the significant difference
to the two other groups of respondents. A Community Extension Services Plan was
developed to address this issue that will cater to more collaborative extensions
services of the university.
Additional Activities
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstract below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
Lay Leaders Speak: Understanding the Facilitating Factors Behind Catholic Lay
Leadership
Arnel T. Sicat
Owen G. Dizon
Romario P. Polintan
Ad Meliora Journal
2017
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Abstract
This commissioned study examined the facilitating factors behind Catholic lay
leadership in the Archdiocese of San Fernando. Within an interpretivist framework,
via focus group discussions (FGDs), an estimate of 108 select participants from 18
groups (six youth groups, six women groups and six men groups), among six parish
classifications were probed by a research team from three Catholic universities.
Transcribed field texts were structurally analyzed and coded to generate significant
themes. Common insights across groups (youth, women and men) emerged
thematically. On the factors in joining church organizations, three general themes
were identified: personal response to God’s will to serve, influence and invitation of
the family and church leaders, and experience of joy in serving in the church. On
the salient points in sustaining lay leadership, three common themes emerged:
experience of solidarity, experience of faith, and parish priest’s support. Role
modeling, seminars and trainings on formation, tapping of potential leaders in the
community, were distinctly identified as common components that enhance
leadership skills. Widespread concerns experienced by lay leaders in their own
organizations and other relevant themes unique to a specific group, are discussed in
the paper. The role of the parish priest became the apex among the facilitating
factors. The study offers rich database for understanding, appreciation, utilization
and promotion of lay leadership and empowerment. Hopefully, findings and
conclusions may be used as input for pro-active pastoral planning in the archdiocese.
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Lesson
Ways of Organizing
2 Literature Review
In the previous lesson, you have learned the dynamics of collecting literatures from
different sources by means of tabular form. You are reminded to get literatures that
correspond to your research variables. You have filled up different information of the
literature you have gathered by means of authorship, year it was published, type of
literature, publication, findings and conclusion. I know you resulted to gathered
many literatures, maybe ten (10), fifteen (15) or even twenty (20) literatures from
different scientific sources. Now, we are going to organize what you have gathered.
What’s In
Provide information on the table. Use the research abstract below as your source.
Write your answers on your notebook.
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edition and Mendeley Software usage. Findings revealed that the experience of the
participants was mirrored to a journey – path and road to enlightenment. The paths
were wondering, grasping, and realization. On the other hand, the roads were
competence, application, and empowerment. Thus, this established the positive
impact of the program to the professional growth of its participants.
What’s New
I know by this time you have searched many literatures from the library or from the
internet. Have you used the different internet platform in searching literature? Have
you tried Google Scholar, Eric, Springer, ResearchGate, Elsevier, or Proquest? There
are bunch of literatures waiting for you there. Maybe you are like Bok now that even
in his dreams he can see the studies around waiting for you to read. Well, I think
you find it hard to organize them all. Do not worry, this lesson is for you. You will
not be dreaming of those again because this lesson will allow you to arrange them
properly.
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What is It
In this lesson you will organize your literature review. This method will help you to
arrange your gathered literature.
1. Categorize by variables. Ten (10) or more literatures that are comprised of books,
journals, theses or dissertations, or online publication are hard to organize. In
organizing them, you need to stick on the variables you have considered and they
will be bases of your searching. On this manner, you can segregate them
according to what they are discussing.
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2. Arrange by importance. After categorizing your literatures by variables, you need
to arrange them by importance. The question is how can we arrange them by
importance? Though arranging them will be subjected because you will decide
and choose what literature is more important than others, you need to be guided
by some criteria.
a. Relevance. On this criterion, you need to answer the question: Is this literature
directly connected to the present study? In what manner? By means of this,
you can have a concrete reason why you considered a certain literature as
more important than the others.
b. Quality. On this criterion, you need to answer the question: Is this literature
scientific? Is it peer reviewed by experts? Well, you can answer it through
looking at where it was published. If it came from renowned publishing
company, educational institution or established websites, then it assumed
that it is in good quality.
c. Assumption. On this criterion, you need to answer the question: Is this
literature affirmative or a negation of my study? If the literature you searched
is an affirmation of your study, better place it in the beginning of your
literature review. However, if it is a negation, better place it at the last part.
3. Connecting literatures. After arranging the literatures that you searched, now it is
time for you to connect them because these are already categorized and arranged.
Literatures that discuss on the same topic and same assumption need to be
connected drawing similarities from each other and to the present study.
However, the literature stressing an opposite finding should be differentiated with
the other literatures.
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What’s More
Identify what are the words hidden on the codes. Use the guide below. Write your
answers on your notebook.
Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is True, F if otherwise. Write
your answers on your notebook.
1. The variables of the study serve as the bases of what you are going to search.
2. Gathered literatures are organized according to importance
3. Literatures are arranged solely based from the intuition of the researcher.
4. There is a need to identify whether the gathered research article is scientific
or not.
5. Research articles coming from established, scientific and reliable publication
are good source of information.
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What I Can Do
Organize the following research titles based on the ways of organizing literature
review. Remember that you are working on the academic challenges of the senior
high school students in a rural school. Use letters A to E. Write your answers on
your notebook.
Assessment
Organize the following research titles based on the ways of organizing literature
review. Remember that you are working on the lived experiences of the junior high
school students from a marginalized family during COVID 19 pandemic. Use letters
A to J. Write your answers on your notebook.
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6. Innovation Born in Isolation on Remote Learning Experience of Junior High
School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
7. Reducing Social Isolation of Junior High School Students During COVID-19
Pandemic
8. Academic Anxiety of Junior High School Students During COVID 19 Pandemic
9. Impact of COVID-19 on an Academic Performance of High School Students
10. Creation of an Interactive Virtual Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Additional Activities
Search for five (5) related literature that are relevant to your study. From those
literature, compose an eight (8) to ten (10) sentence literature review. Write your
composition on your notebook.
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Searched
Searched for Searched for 3 Searched for Searched
Sources for 4
5 sources sources 2 sources for 1 source
sources
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What’s In
1. Guidelines
2. Variable
3. Sources
4. Literature
5. Summarize
Lesson 1
Answer Key
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What I Have Learned
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. T
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Assessment What I Have Learned
1. E 1. T
2. D 2. T
3. I 3. F
4. J 4. T
5. F 5. T
6. A
7. C
8. H
9. G
10. B
What I Can Do
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. E
What’s More
1. category
2. importance
3. assumption
4. relevance
5. quality
Lesson 2
References
Denney, A. S., & Tewksbury, R. (2013). How to write a literature review. Journal of
Criminal Justice Education, 24(2), 218–234.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2012.730617
Minch, C. (2018). How to write a literature review. Center for Effective Services.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1065456
Lee, J., Tran, T. C., and Lee, K. P. 2007). Cultural Difference and Its Effects on User
Research Methodologies. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-
73287-7_16.
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