Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Department of Civil Engineering

CE 401 Water Resources Engineering

Numerical Assignment -2
Part A

1. Write down the difficulties in understanding and modeling with various processes in the
hydrological cycle.
2. A storm during a dry weather flow has initial rainfall intensities of 8, 12, 40, 38, 30, 26, 28,
5, 16, 32, 36, 24, 14 and 4 mm/hr at half an hour interval. If the initial abstraction is 10 mm,
what is the runoff volume of the basin which has the area of 600 km 2 and ϕ- index is 20
mm/hr.?
3. Explain coalescence process.
4. Out of various methods in average precipitation estimation over the space, which method you
will prefer.
5. Name the factors that govern the rate of evaporation.
6. Explain any one method that can be adopted to reduce reservoir evaporation.
7. Distinguish between overland flow and stream flow.
8. A 'class A' pan was setup adjacent to a lake. The depth of water in the pan at beginning was
195 mm. In that week, a rainfall of 45 mm came and 15 mm of water was removed from the
pan to keep the water level in the specified depth. If the depth of water at end of the week
was 190 mm, calculate pan evaporation. Using a pan coefficient of 0.7, estimate lake
evaporation in that week.
9. What do you mean by stage hydrograph?
10. Distinguish between effluent and influent streams.
11. List any 5 stream flow measurement techniques, and explain about any one indirect method.
12. The normal annual precipitation of five rain gauge stations P, Q, R, S, and T are respectively
125, 102, 76, 113, and 137 cm. During a particulars storm the precipitation recorded by
stations P, Q, R, and S are 13.2, 9.2, 6.8 and 10.2 cm respectively. The instrument at station
T was inoperative during that storm. Estimate the rainfall at station T during that storm.
13. A 200g/l solution of common salt was discharged into a stream at a constant rate of 25l/s.
The background concentration of the salt in the stream was found to be 10 ppm. At a
downstream section where the solution was believed to have seen completely mixed, the salt
concentration was found to reach an equilibrium value of 45 ppm. Estimate the discharge in
the stream.
14. The probability of a 10 cm rain in 1 h, occurring at Mumbai, was found to be 1/60. What is
the probability that a 1 h rain of magnitude 10 cm or large will occur in Mumbai once in 30
successive years?
15. At what condition an occluded frontal precipitation becomes a cyclone?
 Part B

16. Test the consistency of the 22 years of the annual precipitation measured at station (A).
Rainfall data for the station “A” as well as the average annual rainfall measured at a group of
eight neighbouring stations located in a meteorologically homogeneous region are given
below.
199 199 199
Year 1991 1992 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
0 3 4
Station A
177 144 178 162 194 168 196 144 160 196 141
(cm)
8 station
143 132 146 147 161 155 152 117 128 193 156
Average (cm)

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Station A
158 145 132 95 148 142 140 130 137 130 163
(cm)
8 station
164 155 143 115 135 163 135 143 130 146 161
Average (cm)
(a) In what year is a change regime indicated?
(b) Adjust the recorded data at station “A”.

17. Given an initial infiltration capacity (f0) in Horton infiltration equation of 2.9 cm/hr and a
time constant of 0.28 hr-1, derive an infiltration capacity versus time curve if the constant
infiltration capacity is 0.5 cm/hr, for the first 8 hours, estimate the total volume of water
infiltrated in centimeters over the watershed. f =f c + ( f 0 −f c ) exp (−kt )

18. The following are the data obtained in a stream-gauging operation. A current meter with a
calibration equation V= (0.32 N+ 0.032) m/s where N= revolutions per second was used to
measure the velocity at 0.6 depth. Using the mid-section method, calculate the discharge in
the stream. Comment on your result.
Distance from right 0 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 20 22 23 24
bank (m)
Depth(m) 0 0.5 1.10 1.9 2.25 1.8 1.75 1.65 1.50 1.25 0.7 0
0 5 5 5
No. of revolutions 0 80 83 13 139 12 114 109 92 85 70 0
1 0
Time (s) 0 18 120 12 120 12 120 120 120 120 150 0
0 0 0
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