ME 321: FLUID MECHANICS-I

Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan

Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka

Lecture-09
12/06/2021

Fluid dynamics
• Bernoulli Equation
(Applications to flow systems)

toufiquehasan.buet.ac.bd
toufiquehasan@me.buet.ac.bd

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 1
Flow system with turbomachinery

Modified Bernoulli equation in a flow system with pump:

(2)

p1 V12 p2 V2 2
No head loss:   z1  hP    z2
 2g  2g Pump Energy added to the system
(1)

hP = head (energy) added to the system

Ppump   QhP (pump hydraulic power) Pump:
Input: Electrical power
Output: hydraulic/mechanical power

V12 p1p2 V2 2 Pout  QhP

 
With head loss:   z1  hP    z2  hL Pin Pin (elect. power)
 2g  2g

hL = head loss (major/minor)

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 2
Flow system with turbomachinery

Modified Bernoulli equation in a flow system with turbine:

(1)

p1 V12 p2 V2 2
No head loss:   z1    z2  hT
 2g  2g (2)
Turbine
hT = head (energy) extracted from the system Energy extracted from the system

Pturbine   QhT (turbine hydraulic power)

Turbine:
Input: hydraulic/mechanical power
Output: Electrical power

V12 p2 V2 2
p1 
Pout Pin (elect. power)

With head loss:   z1    z2  hT  hL Pin  QhT
 2g  2g

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 3
Problem 7
The electrical power input to the pump is 10 kW. If the pump
has an efficiency of 80%, and the increase in pressure from
A to B is 100 kPa, determine the volumetric flow rate of water
through the pump in cases of
(i) No head loss between A to B
(ii) Head loss between A to B is 1.25 m.

Solution:
(i) No head loss between A to B:
Bernoulli equation between points A and B for this case is-
2 2
pA V p V
 A  zA  hp  B  B  zB (i ) ; hp is the head developed by the pump
 2g  2g
From continuity equation:
Q  v A A A  v B AB (unknown)
   
 Q  v A  d A2   v B  d B2 
4  4 
   
 Q  v A  0 . 5 2   v B  0 . 25 2   v A  5 . 09 Q & v B  20 . 37 Q
4  4 

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 4
Problem 7
For the pump
Pout  Hydraulic power output 
  
Pin  Electrical power input 
Pout
 0.8 
10  103
 Pout  0.8  10  103
  QhP  0.8  10  103
0.8  10  103 0.8155
 hP   hp 
Q Q

Now consider equation (i)

pA VA2 p B VB 2
  z A  hP    zB (i )
 2g  2g
VA2 p B  p A VB 2
  0  hP   2
2g  2g
(5.09Q ) 2 0.8155 100  10 3 (20.37 Q ) 2 0 .8155
 0   2   12 .19  19 .83Q 2
2g Q (1000  9.81) 2g Q

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 5
Problem 7
On solving the last equation to get the flow rate, Q: (through
numerical solution)

0 .8155
  12 .19  19 .83Q 2
Q
 Q  0 .0664 m 3 /s (  239 m 3 /hr, 66.4 l/s ) Ans. (i)

(ii) Head loss between A to B is 1.25 m:

Bernoulli equation between points A and B for this case is-

pA VA2 p B VB 2
  z A  hP    z B  hL (ii ) ; hp is the head developed by the pump
 2g  2g hL is the head loss from points A to B

VA2 p B  p A VB 2
  0  hP    2  1.25
2g  2g
(5.09Q ) 2 0.8155 100  10 3 (20.37 Q ) 2 0 .8155
 0    3.25   13 .44  19 .83Q 2
2g Q (1000  9.81) 2g Q

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 6
Problem 7

On solving the last equation to get the flow rate, Q: (through

numerical solution)

0 .8155
  13 .44  19 .83Q 2
Q
 Q  0 .0604 m 3 /s (  218 m 3 /hr, 60.4 l/s ) Ans. (ii)

Volumetric flow rate will be reduced in case of head loss due to

fluid friction (major loss) and pipe fittings (minor loss).
Head losses will be covered in detail in ME 323 (L3 T2)

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 7
Problem 8
The pump-turbine system in the figure draws water from the
upper reservoir in the daytime to produce power for a city. At
night, it pumps water from lower to upper reservoirs to restore
the situation. For a design flow rate of 50,000 lit/min in either (1)
direction, the friction head loss is 5 m.
Estimate the power in kW Pump-
(a) extracted by the turbine and turbine
(b) delivered by the pump. (2)

Solution:

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 8
Problem 9
The pump in the figure creates a water jet oriented at 45° (to
travel a maximum horizontal distance). System friction head
losses are 6.5 m. The jet may be approximated by the trajectory
of frictionless particles. What power must be delivered by the
pump?
How much electrical power is required to run this operation if
pump efficiency is 65%?
45°
Solution:

For vertical distance traveled by the jet is

V f2  Vi 2  2 gz
For maximum vertical distance traveled by the jet is

Vf  0
Vi  V2 sin 45
2 gZ max 2(9.81)(25)
 V2 sin 45  2 gZ max  V2    31.3 m/s
sin 45 sin 45

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 9
Problem 9

pA VA2 pB VB 2
  z A  hP    z B  hL
 2g  2g
31.3 2 45°
 0  0  15  hP  0   2  6.5
2g
 hP  43.4 m
 
Power must be delivered by the pump PPump   QhP  1000  (9.81)  (5  10  2 ) 2 (31.3)  (43.4)
4 
 PPump  26.2 kW

Electrical power required for this operation

Pout  QhP 26.2

   0.65 
Pin Pin (elect. power) Pin
 Pin  40.3 kW (Ans.)

© Dr. A.B.M. Toufique Hasan (BUET) L-3 T-1, Dept. of ME ME 321: Fluid Mechanics-I (Jan. 2021) 10