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Illustration 7
Illustration 7
The use of right tools and equipment in Illustration is a must. The most basic tools and equipment are
discussed in this electronic module to give you an overview of the illustration process.
Illustration Tools
1. Drawing Paper – There is a lot of variety of paper, soft or hard. The most commonly used is oslo paper
and bond paper.
2. Masking Tape – It is used to fasten the drawing paper on the drawing board or table.
3. Drawing Pencil – The most important tool in the drawing. It has a graphite substance covered with a
thin piece of wood.
5. Erasing Shield – It is used to protect the rest of the drawing while clearing up unnecessary pencil lines,
smudges, and drawing errors.
9. Charcoal – It is considered the oldest drawing tool that is dry and dusty made from burnt wood.
12. Acrylic or Oil Paint – It is also used for coloring purposes that is usually oil-based or water-based.
13. Colored Pencils – It is made of a narrow wooden cylindrical case and a pigmented wax-based core for
coloring purposes.
14. T-square – It is used when drawing horizontal lines and serves as a guide in using triangles to draw
vertical lines.
15. Triangles – It is a three-sided ruler used to draw vertical, parallel, and angled lines at 30, 45, 60, and
90 degrees.
17. Divider – It is used to transfer measurements and divide arcs and lines into the desired parts or
numbers.
19. Ruler – It is also called “line gauge” that is used to draw straight lines and measure length.
20. Protractor – It is used to determine gradations of degrees when measuring angles, circles, and arcs.
It is also a semi-circular drawing instrument divided into 180 degrees equal parts.
Illustration Equipment
1. Drawing Table/Drafting Table/Architect’s Table or Drawing Board – It is used as the base in drawing
activities usually made of wood.
4. Computer with table and chair – It is a desktop computer set for creating digital work.
6. Scanner – It is used to convert printed photo, hand-drawn images into digital or soft copy.
Taking care of illustration instrument and equipment is one of the way to create a quality illustrations. In
this part of the electronic module, it will give you tips on how to properly care and maintain illustration
instrument and equipment.
Reference: k-to-12-mechanical-drafting-learning-module
2.1
Name:
Project:
Classification:
Purpose:
NO. QUANTITY UNIT DESCRIPTION UNIT PRICE TOTAL PRICE
This is the form used to indicate additional or specific descriptions for requested tools and
materials. It may include the specific weight and size of tools, brand names, and suggested price. This
form should have two copies where one copy is for the employee who made this form and another copy
for the purchasing department.
Purchase Requisition
Budget Control
Allowance for period ________ Balance Available __________ Ordered By _____________
Amt This Purchase _________ Approved By ____________
Remaining Balance _________
It shows the receipt or proof of services or goods. This makes the receiver acknowledges the received
goods/services from the supplier/seller officially.
I hereby acknowledge receipt of the following in perfect conditions as per the set of
conditions of our supply contract from the firm of _______________________________ (name of
supplying company).
This form states the current condition of drawing tools and instruments where the number of usable,
not usable but repairable, condemanablem, borrowed, and missing are being accounted for.
Name:
Grade & Section:
School/Department:
Laboratory/Shop:
Purpose:
This form serves as a receipt between the borrower and the property custodian.
3. Before using the t-square, clean it always with a piece of soft cloth.
5. Clean technical pens at least once using soap and clean water then dry it using clean cloth.
6. Clean the divider or compass using any soft cloth and avoid rubbing and brushing excessively.
8. Clean the drawing board using damp cloth before and after use.
10. Properly place the tools back to cabinet or storage area after use.
Inspection Report is used to state the condition of the tools and equipment used or inspected for
illustration. In this report, it will give the current status of the tools wethere it is defective or contain
damages. The property custodian will conduct further monitoring regarding the submitted report. This is
also used to report lost tools or equipment for illustration.
INSPECTION REPORT
Date: ___________________
Item: ________________________________ Item Code: ___________________________
Description:
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Recommendations: __________________________________________________________________
Tools and materials Custodian: ________________________________________________________
Reported by: _______________________________________________________________________
LESSON 3: PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
Knowing and understanding measurements play an important role in the use of measuring instruments to
perform any work with precision. This part of the electronic module will discussed how to precisely use
measuring instruments, interpret object or component to be measured according to the appropriate
regular geometric shape.
LO 1. Select measuring
instruments
1.1 Interpret object or component to be measured according to the appropriate regular geometric shape
1.2 Select measuring tools appropriate to the object to be measured based on job requirements
1.3 Obtain correct specification from relevant sources
1.4 Select appropriate measuring instruments according to job requirements
1.5 Use alternative measuring tools without sacrificing cost and quality of work
The combination of specific number of points, curves, and lines as a figure or area closed by a boundary
creates geometric shapes.
1. Circle – is a round shape that consists of equidistant points from a fixed point or “the center” forming
the boundary or “circumference”.
3. Rectangle – is a shape made up of four sides with two pair of equal lines that measures 90 degrees.
4. Square – is a shape with four equal right angles and four equal straight sides.
5. Rhombus – is a type of parellelogram with four equal sides, opposite equal acute angles, and opposite
equal obtuse angles.
1. Ruler - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFoXIsky2cY
2. T-square - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wViaG6yFy1c
3. Triangles - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7ZEUTjf-uw
5. Protractor - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1HNzJa0Qao
9. Compass - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02XRad7s1Io
Measurement/Trade Mathematics
The word measurements comes from the Greek word “metron” which means limited proportion. The
“metre” (U.S. meter) has been adopted and standardized worldwide as the unit for length.
Measurement is also called trade mathematics because it is basically use in trading goods with needed
measure like cloth. In order to develop measurements skills, you must know first how to read
measurements.
Meter is the basic unit in S.I or Metric System. Meter is divided into 100 centimeters. Each centimeter is
divided into 10 millimeters.
Millimeters mm
Centimeters cm
Decimeters dm
Meters m
Inch is divided into 16 graduation lines and 1/16 is the smallest graduation in the English System.
1 1 1 3
1/16 3/16 4/16 7/16 9/16 11/16 13/16 15/16 16 16
1 3 5 7 1
8 8 8 8 1
1 8
1 1
4 4
1
2
0 1 inch
mm mm mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30
0 1 2 3
Conversion Formulas
A. inch to feet
60 inches = ________ feet
Solution: Divide 60 inches by 12 inches / feet = 5 feet (ft.)
B. foot to inches
10 ft. = __________ inches
Solution: Multiply 10 ft by 12 inches / feet = 120 inches
C. inch to centimeter
6.2 inches = __________ centimeter
Solution: Multiply 6.2 inches by 2.54 cm. / inch = 15.748 cm.
D. centimeter to millimeter
5.5 cm. = _________ millimeters
Solution: Multiply 5.5 cm. by 10 mm. / cm. = 55 mm.
Percentage Computation
To compute for the percentage, divide the given amount by the total and then multiply the
answer by 100.
To find the percentage, simply divide 45 by 50 and the answer is 0.9, then multiply it by 100, the
percentage will be 90%.
1. To eliminate number less than 5, simply drop it and the number to the right of it and let the last
significant digit stand.
Examples:
Answer: 40
Solution: The first number to be eliminated is 4. Simply drop it and all numbers to its right (6)
Answer: 0.38
2. To eliminate number like 5 or more, drop the number, then add one to the last digit retained.
Examples:
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 7 which is greater than 5, drop 7 and add one to the
last digit retained.
Answer: 75
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 5, drop 5 and one to 7 which is the last digit retained.
Answer: 95.8
Example: Solution:
0.75
6/8 = N 8 6.00
0
60
56
40
40
0
Lesson 4 : Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
Knowing and understanding the different kinds of lines that made up an illustration will help you
enhance your output. This part of the electronic module will discuss the alphabet of lines, basic types of
illustration, basic line sketching, linear perspective drawing, and isometric drawing.
Alphabet of Lines
VISIBLE LINE
It is also called as OBJECT LINE. It is represented by a thick and continous line (0.5-0.6mm) that shows
the features that can be seen in the outline current view.
HIDDEN LINE
It is represented by a medium thick line of short dashes (2-3mm long) with space between each dash (1-
2mm wide) that correspond to the features that cannot be seen in the current view.
CENTER LINE
It is represented by a thin line composed of two long dashes and short dash drawn alternately with a
gap(atleast 2mm) in between that shows the center or axis of symmetrical shapes like cube, washer,
ball, or rectangular block.
SECTION LINE
It is represented by thin lines that are spaced evenly (45 degrees) and horizontally to make a shaded
effect.
EXTENSION LINE
It is represented by an extended line from the object to show the location and sizes of features.
or
DIMENSION LINE
It is represented by a thin line with an arrowhead in one end that shows the measurements of the
object.
LONG-BREAK LINE
It is represented by a medium thick line that consists of straight and broken lines drawn alternately. It is
also called as LIMITING LINE. It shows the limits of the length of an elongated object without changing
the size of its view.
SHORT-BREAK LINE
It is represented by a thick line drawn in freehand to represent the details of part that has been broken
out or cut off.
LEADER LINE
It is represented by a short inclined thin line with a short horizontal line at the end and an arrowhead at
the other end that is used to connect a description to a feature or specific note .
PHANTOM LINE
It is represented by a thin line of two short dashes and one long dash that corresponds to the position/s
of part of an object that moves or moveable feature in its different positions.
CUTTING-PLANE LINE
It is represented by thick lines composed of two long dashes broken in one end with an arrowhead and
two short dashes drawn in between the long dashes that shows an imaginary cut through an object
along the line.
Isometric Drawing – It is a pictorial drawing that shows three surfaces or view of the object which is
tilted at 30 degrees in front of the viewer.
Linear Perspective Drawing – It is a system that used lines to aid in creating illusion of space in a
drawing. It uses vanishing point/s as a reference for drawing.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING 01 - THE BASICS - Horizon Line, Vanishing Points 1,2 & 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePv-9mVnTVk
https://graphicmama.com/blog/types-of-illustration/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GzumUieDPY
4.4 Lines
Line Sketching
HORIZONTAL LINES
VERTICAL LINES
INCLINED LINES
Vertical Lines
These are straight down and up lines that moves in space without any perpendicular and slant to
horizontal lines. These suggest strength and height.
Horizontal Lines
These are straight parallel lines to the horizon that move from left to right. These lines suggest distance,
stability, width, and calmness.
Diagonal Lines
These are straight lines which slant in any direction except vertical and horizontal. These suggest lack of
stability or movement.
Zigzag Lines
These are diagonal lines joined at ends in series. These convey anxiety, excitement, restlessness, and
action.
Curved Lines
These lines change and bend direction gradually in spiral or wavy form. These convey ease and comfort.
Lesson 5: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURE (OS)
Knowing and understanding the right safety and health procedures to follow will lower the risk of injuries
or illness. This part of the electronic module will discuss the occupational health and safety (OHS),
hazards and risks, 5S, and personal protective equipment (PPE).
1. Physical Hazards
These are environmental factors like noise, magnetic fields, heights, radiation, pressure extremes
( vacuum or high pressure), and tempature extremes.
2. Biological Hazards
These are caused by living organisms like viruses, molds, insects, fungi, and bacteria.
3. Chemical Hazards
These are hazardous substances like gases, fumes, mists, vapors, and dust.
4. Ergonomic Hazards
These are result of physical conditions that causes musculoskeletal injuries like improper lifting, improper
reaching, repetitive movements, poor posture, poor manual handling, and poor workstation set up.
5. Phycological Hazards
These affects the general well-being of an individual like stress, bullying, harassment, violencem and
fatigue.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xj__XY5Oo4c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7flwff9yXY
first aid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ynlaWUwMsA
5S
These are Japanese phrases that begins with letter S which represents a standardized method that
creates and maintains a safe, clean, organized, and efficient workplace if properly implemented.
Japanese
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1vg5nZsKIQ