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CLASS –X
LESSON PLAN
CHAPTER-2: ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Unit CHAPTER-2 Acids, bases and salts

Class Transaction Total: 10 periods (approx. 40 min each)

Pre-requisite for the course The teacher will refer to the prior knowledge.
• What are acids and bases?
• How do we identify them using litmus, turmeric?
• Give some examples of acids you are familiar with.

Assessment of qualifying 1. Written test

knowledge 2. Lab activity
3. Subject enrichment
Students would be able to answer the questions about acids, bases and
Objective salts thereby inculcating competencies like collaboration, critical
thinking and creativity
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE: Students will be able to:
• Know about indicators.
• Know various properties of acids and bases.
• Know the different chemicals important to us in our daily
life.
• Know about pH and its importance
• Know the practical applications of acids, bases and salts
UNDERSTANDING
• Develops understanding about metallic/ nonmetallic oxides.
• Develops understanding about naturally occurring acids.
• Develops understanding about pH .
• Develops understanding about chemical properties of acids and
bases
• Develops understanding about important chemicals obtained from
common salt
APPLICATION
• Applies the knowledge in their daily life
• Demonstrates various activities
SKILL
• Critical thinking and problem solving (working effectively with others),
• Character building (Taking tasks fearlessly and achieves goals.)

• Communication (evaluating the information critically and competently.

• Collaboration (responding open mindedly to different ideas)

• Creativity (developing ,implementing and communicating new ideas)

 Strategies used- Inductive -deductive reasoning,
Transaction ,Methodology Discussion, peer share.
( The teacher can use the Investigation, Compare
mentioned techniques,
wherever applicable ,and Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
can use any other too.)
Brain Storming-The class would start with a discussion on what the
students have already learned in the previous classes and hence what is it
that they would learn now. They would also be told the significance of
the topic that they would be studying.
 Introduction of the topic- ppt and Digital Content would be shared

Guided practice followed by Independent Practice- NCERT questions to

be discussed in the classroom.
Techniques to be used:
Quiz
Daily Practice Problem
MCQ
Peer Assessment
Lab Activities
Any Other

Text Book: NCERT text book for Science

NCERT Exemplar
Resources
Self Study,Home work Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions and
Assignments diagrams in their notebooks.

Notebooks to be marked as per the given plan:

Assessment Parameters: The total marks for the activity is 5 marks
On time submission ............................................... 1 mark
Presentation/ Neatness ........................................... 1 mark
Content .................................................................. 3 marks

It is also advised that the students come to the class with proper
background knowledge of the topic under discussion. They can refer to
the resources stated above.

Assessments Through Pen Paper Test Students will be assessed creatively and
critically
ANNUAL EXAMINATION 80 Marks
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 10 Marks
• Note Book Submission 5 Marks
• Lab Practical (Subject Enrichment ) 5 Marks
Through lab Practical Students are assessed for Collaboration,
Critical thinking.

Due to various social backgrounds and multiple intelligences, the

classroom might be a diverse arena. The following techniques can be
used for various groups:
 For gifted students:
Addressing Classroom • High order thinking skills questions to be done
Diversity • Encouragement for referring other resources

For weak students:

• Short answers to be completed
• Buddy help to be provided
• Provide grade-up classes

For differently abled students:

• Ignore spelling mistakes and formulae, if not written
• Call parents at regular intervals
• Provide grade-up classes
• Encourage and motivate them at every level.

Marks The weightage would be given by CBSE.

After explaining the concept , the students would be assessed by asking the following questions:
Q1 What are olfactory indicators?
Q2 Define acids and bases?
Q3 Do the basic solutions also H+? if so why are they basic?

Q4 What is chlor alkali process?

Q5 Define water of crystallization
Q6 Why should plaster of Paris be kept in moisture proof containers?

TOPIC DAY ONE :INDICATORS

Pre- Requisite for the The students will require the knowledge of indicators like turmeric ,
course china rose

Assessment of Questions from the previous class about the related topic would be asked for
qualifying knowledge the whole class group.

Objective The students will classify various acids and bases depending on the
colour change of indicators
.

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- Students will know and understand:

⚫ Olfactory indicators, other indicators and colour changes
.
.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Students will be able to:
⚫ Collaboratively discuss about various indicators
⚫ Critically analyse about classifying materials on the basis of
 Reaction with indicators.

Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.

Methodology Dimensions Of Learning- D1, D2
(The teacher can use Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
the mentioned Anticipatory Set: 10 min
techniques, wherever The facilitator initiates a conversation with the learner by asking about how
applicable, and can we can identify an acid or a base.
use any other too.) After the conversation the facilitator will show the colour changes of acids
and bases with indicators.
The teacher will demonstrate colour changes with various indicators
Discussion of topic and Guided Practice 20 min
Inquiry based learning (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving)
The students will attempt questions from the textbook. The facilitator would
take rounds and help the students in solving the questions.

Independent Practice: Students will go through the activities in

NCERT text book.

Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.

Resources Text Book:

NCERT text book for Science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Oral Test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY TWO : REACTION OF ACIDS WITH METAL CARBONATES/
BICARBONATES
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires basic knowledge of nature of acids and bases
course
Assessment of Questions from the previous class about the related topic would be asked for
qualifying knowledge the whole class group.
Objective The students will be able to know about reactions of acids and bases.
They will predict the gases and their tests when acids react with metals, metal
carbonates, metal bicarbonates

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know reaction products of
acids with metals, metal carbonates and bicarbonates

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse about the different

reaction products
Transaction Strategies used- peer share.
Methodology Dimensions Of Learning
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1. What is the colour of acids in methyl orange?
Q2. Give 2 examples of olfactory indicator materials.
Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min
(Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will now discuss about the reaction of acids with metals.
The facilitator will explain how to detect the presence of hydrogen gas.
And will write the various equations of reaction involved.
The facilitator will now demonstrate the reaction of acids with metal
carbonates and bicarbonates.
The facilitator will explain how to detect the presence of carbon dioxide
gas.
And will write the various equations of reaction involved.

Guided practice: 15 min

The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Oral quiz (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY THREE: Neutralisation reaction, Nature of metallic and non
metallic oxides
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires basic knowledge of nature of acids and bases.
course
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students to how the acids and bases react with a
qualifying knowledge particular indicator
Objective The students will be able to know the nature of metal and non metal
oxides
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE-
The students will be able to know what are neutralization reaction
They will know about the nature of metallic and non.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse Metal oxides to be
basic and non metal oxides to be acidic
 .
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology Demonstration
(The teacher can use The facilitator initiates a conversation asking about the difference between
the mentioned the properties of acid and base.
techniques, wherever The facilitator will then explain what are neutralization reactions.
applicable, and can The facilitator demonstrates cleaning of metal vessels using lemon/
use any other too.) tamarind
Thus concluding metal oxides are basic and non metal oxides are acidic in
nature

.
Recapitulation: 5 min
Oral test on the previous concept would be taken up.
Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min
(Critical thinking)
Activities would be discussed and students would solve different questions
per group and then the questions would be crosschecked. Digital content
would be used. The facilitator would take rounds and help students with their
doubts.
Guided Practice: 15 min
The students will answer the questions in their notebook in the class with the
help of their teacher. The teacher would ensure that each student tries to be
independent at the work as well as be under the teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the diagrams and revise the
answers done in the notebook.
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.

Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY FOUR :Arrhenius concept of acid and base

Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires basic knowledge of formula of acids and bases
course
Assessment of Questions from the previous class about the related topic would be asked for
qualifying knowledge the whole class group.
Objective The students will be able to know about definition of acid and bases
Why their solutions conduct electricity

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know the ions present in all
acids and bases
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse the facts
 They will be able to apply the knowledge in their daily life
Transaction Strategies used- peer share.
Methodology Demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1. How can we identify an acid?
Q2. What is the formula of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min

(Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The teacher will ask students what is common in all acids ?
The facilator can point out the common ion present in the bases

Guided practice: 15 min

The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY FIVE : Dilution of acids
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires knowledge of dilute and concentrate acids
course
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students to discuss about the acid and base from
qualifying knowledge the lab
Objective The students will be able to know about:
dilution of acids and bases

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know about the
method of dilution.
 SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyze the method of
diluting a concentrated acid
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology
(The teacher can use Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
the mentioned
techniques, wherever Recapitulation: 5 min
applicable, and can Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
use any other too.) some Questions like:
Q1. Explain why some acids are considered to be dangerous?.

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15

min (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The teacher will discuss the exothermic nature of dilution
The teacher now explains the correct method of diluting a
concentrated acid.

Guided practice: 15 min

The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY SIX: pH SCALE

Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires basic knowledge strength of different adcids
course
Assessment of Questions from the previous class about the related topic would be asked for
qualifying knowledge the whole class group.
Objective The students will be able to know about the concept of pH and its importance

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know pH and its role in our
daily life.
SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse the facts
 They will be able to apply the knowledge in their daily life
Transaction Strategies used- peer share.
Methodology Demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1. Some acids are edible while some are not. How can we relate this fact to
strength of an acid?
Q2. Can we use a litmus paper to compare the strength of 2 acids? Why not?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15 min

(Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will discuss about the pH value and its importance in daily
life.
.The facilitator will show how much important is pH in our daily life
Using digital content the facilitator explains
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY SEVEN : FAMILY AND pH OF SALTS
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires knowledge of neutralization reaction
course
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students the acid and base from which a salt is
qualifying knowledge formed
Objective The students will be able to know about:
The family of salts
pH of salt solutions

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know about the
family of salts and can predict the nature of salt solution
 SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse whether the salts are
acidic , basic or neutral.
They will develop knowledge of strong and weak acid and base
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1.Which acid and base react to give sodium chloride?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15

min (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will explain the term family of salts.
The facilitator will also show the activity that clearly explains
how the nature of salts can be predicted by checking the nature
of acid and base from which it is formed
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY EIGHT : CHLOR ALKALI PROCESS, BLEACHING POWDER

Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires knowledge of some important house hold items like common salt,
course baking soda and bleaching powder
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students the acid and base from which a salt is
qualifying knowledge formed
Objective The students will be able to know about:
Preparation and properties of sodium
hydroxide and bleaching powder
Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know about the
preparation and properties of bleaching powder and sodium
hydroxide
 SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse how various
substances are prepared from common salt
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1.What is the formulae of sodium chloride?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15

min (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will explain the chlor alkali process.
The facilitator will also show the method of preparation of
bleaching powder and write the chemical equations involved
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY NINE :BAKING SODA AND WASHING SODA
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires knowledge of common kitchen chemicals.
course
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students the common substance used for making
qualifying knowledge bread and cake
Objective The students will be able to know about:
The preparation, properties and uses of
baking soda and washing soda

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be able to know about the
preparation, properties and uses of baking soda and washing soda
 SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse preparation,
properties and uses of baking soda and washing soda
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1.Which substance is used to make cake soft and spongy?
Q2. Which common kitchen item is used as an antacid?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15

min (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will explain the preparation of baking and washing soda.
The facilitator will also show the important uses of washing
and baking soda
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science

Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

TOPIC DAY TEN :WATER OF CRYSTALLISATION, PLASTER OF PARIS
Pre- Requisite for the This topic requires knowledge of the formulae of washing soda
course
Assessment of Knowledge testing by asking students the correct formulae of washing soda
qualifying knowledge
Objective The students will be able to know about:
Properties and uses of Plaster of Paris
Water of crystallisation

Learning Outcomes KNOWLEDGE- The students will be

able to know about the Properties and
 uses of Plaster of Paris
Water of crystallisation

SKILLS and COMPETENCIES- Critically analyse whether the salts are

really dry even though they have water of crystallisation
Transaction Strategies used- Think pair share.
Methodology demonstration
(The teacher can use
the mentioned Transaction would proceed in the following manner-
techniques, wherever
applicable, and can Recapitulation: 5 min
use any other too.) Brainstorming on the previously taught concept would be done by asking
some Questions like:
Q1.What is the formula of blue crystals of copper sulphate?

Discussion of topic through Collaborative Learning: 15

min (Critical Thinking, Collaboration)
The facilitator will explain the term water of crystallisation.
The facilitator will also show the activity that clearly explains how the
plaster of Paris reacts with water.
Guided practice: 15 min
The students, with the help of the facilitator, will solve the questions from
the textbook in their notebook in the class. The teacher would ensure that
each student tries to be independent at the work as well as be under the
teacher’s guidance.
Independent Practice: Students will complete the question and answers in
the notebook.
Students who would have difficulty in answering the questions would solve
with the help of their buddies.
Closure: 5 min
A short oral test would be taken to check proper assimilation of the topic
discussed.
Resources Text Book: NCERT text book for science
Self Study, Home Independent Practice: Students would do the given questions in their H.W.
Work, Assignments notebooks.

Assessments Written test (5 minutes)

.