360 DEGREE ROTATING VEHICLE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Miss. Muskan Sayyed Ajij Miss. Shital Ganpat Hissal

Miss. Punam Kishor Indore Miss. Anuradha Dilip Yawale

Miss. Nikita Prakash Rodge Mr. Prathmesh Vivek Pande

Mr. Prasad Gajanan Kulkarni

Under the guidance of

Prof. Dr. D. S. INGOLE
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Badnera
JUNE 2021
Page No. 1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled

360 DEGREE ROTATING VEHICLE

Submitted by

Miss. Muskan Sayyed Ajij Miss. Shital Ganpat Hissal

Miss. Punam Kishor Indore Miss. Anuradha Dilip Yawale

Miss. Nikita Prakash Rodge Mr. Prathmesh Vivek Pande

Mr. Prasad Gajanan Kulkarni

is a bonafide work and has been successfully completed under my guidance. This project
report is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati
University, Amravati, during the academic year 2019-2020.

Prof. Dr. D.S. INGOLE Prof. Dr. D.S. INGOLE

Guide Head
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
P.R.M.I.T. & R, Badnera P.R.M.I.T. & R, Badnera

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Badnera
Page No. 2
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled, “360 DEGREE ROTATING VEHICLE”
which is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati
University, Amravati comprises only my original work and due acknowledgement has
been made in the text to all other material used.

Date:

Miss. Muskan Sayyed Ajij

Miss. Shital Ganpat Hissal

Miss. Punam Kishor Indore

Miss. Anuradha Dilip Yavale

Miss. Nikita Prakash Rodge

Mr. Prathmesh Vivek Pande

Mr. Prasad Gajanan Kulkarni

Page No. 3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With immense pleasure and great respect, I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude to my project guide Dr. D. S. Ingole, Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, PRMIT&R, Badnera, for his valuable guidance, inspiration,
constant encouragement and motivation throughout the project work.

I also express my sincere gratitude towards Dr. D. S. Ingole, Head of Department of

Mechanical Engineering, for his motivation throughout the project work.

I am grateful towards Prof. Dr. A. P. Bodkhe, Principal, PRMIT&R, Badnera, for

giving me the opportunity to complete this project.

Last but not least, I am very much thankful to my parents, friends, and colleagues
who directly or indirectly help at every stage to complete this work.

Miss. Muskan Sayyed Ajij Miss. Shital Ganpat Hissal

Miss. Punam Kishor Indore Miss. Anuradha Dilip Yawale

Miss. Nikita Prakash Rodge Mr. Prathmesh Vivek Pande

Mr. Prasad Gajanan Kulkarni

Page No. 4
 ABSTRACT

This project is about a 360-degree rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all
directions and this design provides better comfort and also saves time, most of the
people use this vehicle to carry goods, emergency patients etc. Normal wheel vehicles
face a lot of problems like parking, U-turns and much more which consumes more
time. So, we have designed a 360-degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and
eliminate problems in the industry as well as the common life of people. The vehicle
can take a turn without moving the vehicle. No extra space is required to turn the
vehicle. In this system, each of the 4 wheels has given drive with DC motors, so it
can rotate 360 degree. the 360-degree rotating wheel is controlled by RF remote.
The design and fabrication of a 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle using a DC motor
is done to reduce time to turn from one direction to another direction. This vehicle
can move in all direction at a same position by used of sprocket, DC motor, gear,
Main function of this vehicle is easy to move from one direction to other direction.
Modern development and economical progression of Indian society resulted in
increase of people on railway platforms, increase of vehicles on the road, due to
space constraints, in hospitals is a major problem of the country. Present study aims
for development of a system to reduce the turning radius of vehicles. In this system at
first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the required direction with
the help of steering system and DC motor. It has turning radius nearly equal to
negligible length of the vehicle itself .This vehicle used to carry the goods in various
areas such as, railway platform, hospital parking, industries and market.

Page No. 5
 CONTENTS

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1. Introduction 8-9
1.1-Need of 360 degree rotating
vehicle
1.2-Aim and objective
1.3 -Scope of study
2. Review of literature 10-11

3. Concept of 3D vehicle 12-30

3.1-Types of vehicle
3.2-3D vehicle
3.3-Parts in 3D vehicles
3.4-Working of 3D Vehicle
3.5-Assembly drawing of Vehicle
3.6-Bill of material
4. Computer aided design and 31-34
Simulation of 3D vehicle
5. Cost Estimation 35

6. Advantages & Disadvantages 36

7. Applications 37

8. Conclusion 38

9. Future scope 38

10. Rectification 38

11. References 39

Page No. 6
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr. No. Title Page No.

1. Concept Of 360 Degree Rotating Vehicle 12

2. IC Engines (ICE) 13
3. Four Stroke Engine 14
4. Two Stroke Engine 15
5. Rotary Engine 15
6. Electric Vehicle 16
7. Hybrid Vehicle 17
8. Natural Gas Vehicles 19
9 Fuel Cell Vehicle 19
10. 360 DEGREE VEHICLES 20
11. Wooden Fixed Frame (Chassis) 21
12. Driver And Driven Gear 22
13. Wheel 23
14. Steel Pipe 23
15. DC Motor 24
16. Nuts And Bolts 25
17. 12V Battery 25
18. Transmitter Module 26
19. Receiver Module 27
20. Assembly Drawing Of 3D Vehicle 29
21. Bill Of Materials (Fig) 30
22. Frame and Clamps 31
23. Chain and Sprocket 31
24. Wheel 32
25. Assembly 32
26. Different Views Of Assembly Model 33
27. Assembly Model 33
28. Four Wheel Rotating Positions 34

Page No. 7
 1. INTRODUCTION

This project is about a 360-degree rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions
and this design provides better comfort and also saves time, most of the people use this
vehicle to carry goods, emergency patients etc. Normal wheel vehicles face a lot of
problems like parking, U-turns and much more which consumes more time. In this
system, each of the 4 wheels is given drive with DC motors, so it can rotate 360
degree. the 360-degree rotating wheel is controlled by RF remote. Consequently, we
can utilize this 360-degree rotating vehicle from various perspectives like to transport
things in overwhelming bags and furthermore in vehicles, which will help in
decreasing rush hour gridlock and spare time.

1.1 Need of 360 Degree Rotating Vehicle System

Automobiles are synonyms for mobility and freedom. An amazing increase in the
growth of population in this world leads to the rapid increase in the number of
vehicles being used. With the increasing number of vehicles and the shortage of
parking space, we cannot park and retrieve our vehicles safely. In densely populated
areas they are mostly useful. In this situation there is the need for an automated
parking system that regulates parking in a small area. 360 degree rotating vehicle
systems is the sole solution to park as many cars as possible in as little space as
possible. 360 degree rotating car is based on the most modern technology of storage
systems. We are presenting a prototype model of an automated car rotating system
that helps cars for parking and retrieving’ in a small space at minimum time.

Page No. 8
1.2 Aim and Objectives
Normal wheel vehicles face a lot of problems like parking, U-turns and much more
which consumes more time. So, the aim of this 360-degree wheel rotating vehicle is
to reduce and eliminate problems in the industry as well as in the common life of
people. The vehicle can take a turn without moving the vehicle. No extra space is
required to turn the vehicle.
1. 360- degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in the
industry as well as the common life of people.
2. The vehicle can take a turn without moving the vehicle.

3. This vehicle moves in all directions and this design provides better comfort
and also saves the time of customers.
4. These systems help cars for parking and retrieving“ in a small space at
minimum time.
5. This vehicle rotates about an axis passing through the center of gravity of the
vehicle.

1.3 Scope of Study

Present study aims for development of a system to reduce the turning radius of
vehicles. In this system at first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in
the required direction with the help of the steering system and DC motor. It has a
turning radius nearly equal to the negligible length of the vehicle itself. This vehicle
used to carry the goods in various areas such as, railway platform, hospital, industries
and market.
This type of load carry vehicle is not applicable to carry more weight. Battery power
is required to move the vehicle.so we cannot use this vehicle domestically due to its
load carrying capacity.

Page No. 9
 2.REVIEW OF LITERATURE

[1] Arunkumar S M, Chandan Kumar Sahu, Yubaraj G M, Jahangeer A B[18] Proposed a

system consisting of steering, chain sprocket, DC motor, wheel, bearing, iron pipe,
battery and chain drive. In this system first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then
turned within the required direction with the help of steering mechanism and DC
motor. For the forward and backward movement of this vehicle, DC motors are used
in wheel and a battery is used to provide electrical energy for the DC motor. It has a
turning radius nearly equivalent to negligible length of the vehicle itself. This
arrangement is to be helpful in hospitals, miniature industries and also on railway
platforms.

[2] Sudip Kachhia Proposed the idea of an all electric vehicle that if it becomes a reality
would prove to be a lot of fun to drive in the city. The vehicle works on 8 electric
motors, four motors attached uniquely to each wheel and it can rotate 360 degrees.
The wheels of the car are magnetically coupled and it is controlled by magnetic
fields. Hence the car is rotate fastly and effectively.

[3] Jaishnu Moudgil 360 degree rotating car to beat the matter of parking zone. This car
has zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis
passing through the axis of gravity of the vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the similar
place, where it's standing. No extra space is required to revolve the vehicle. So the
vehicle is to be turned within the space like to the length of the vehicle itself. During
this presentation, so got idea of a 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle and have a plan
to make a 360 degree wheel rotation load carry vehicle. This vehicle is to be utilized
in different area like industries, hospitals, railway platforms, etc.

Page No. 10
[4] K. Lohith Presented a four wheel steering mechanism for a car. In four wheels
steering the rear wheels revolve with the front wheels thus raising the effectiveness of
the vehicle. The direction of steering the rear wheels comparative to the front wheels
depends on the working circumstances. At low speed wheel movement is
pronounced, in order that rear wheels are steered within the other way thereto of front
wheels with the utilization of DC motor to show left and right. During this
presentation, the utilization of the DC motor is to rotate the wheels 90 degree left and
90 degree right from original position.

[5] Er. Amitesh Kumar presented zero turn four wheel steering mechanism, the a variety
of functions of the steering wheel are to manage the angular motion the wheels,
direction of motion of the vehicle, to supply directional stability of the vehicle while
going straight ahead, to facilitate straight ahead condition of the vehicle after
completing a turn, the road irregularities must be damped to the utmost possible
extent. This project utilization of steering is to rotate front wheels.
[6] Mr. Sharad P. Mali Presented zero turn four wheel mechanisms, in this project people
have used DC motors and wheels to rotate the vehicle 360 degrees at the same position.
So in this task, the initiative is to organize the DC motor and wheel.

Page No. 11
 3.CONCEPT OF 360 DEGREE ROTATING VEHICLE

The concept of a 360 degree rotating vehicle is where the vehicle will take a zero turn
without leaving its CGaxis. The wheels will drive the vehicle to rotate 360 degree.
Zero degree turning radius of a vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis
passing through the center of gravity of the vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same
place, where it is standing. No extra space is required to turn the vehicle. So a vehicle
can be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle itself. Conventional
steering mechanism involves either the use of Ackerman or Davis steering systems.
The disadvantage associated with these systems is the minimum turning radius that is
possible for the steering action. This difficulty that is associated with the conventional
methods of steering is eliminated by employing a four wheel steering system. In this
system, the wheels connected to the front axles are turned opposite to each other, and
so are the wheels connected to the rear axle. The wheels on the left half of the vehicle
rotate in one direction and the ones on the right half of the vehicle rotate in the
opposite direction. This arrangement of the wheels enables the vehicle to turn 360
degrees, without moving from the spot, i.e. the vehicle has zero turning radius. This
helps in maneuvering the vehicle in tight spaces such as parking lots and within small
compounds.

Fig 1 - Concept Of 360 Degree Rotating Vehicle

Page No. 12
 3.1 Types of Vehicles

1. IC Engines (ICE) Vehicles :- Are the most common form of heat engines, as they are
used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains. They are named as such because
the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine. The same fuel and air mixture
is then emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating
engine), or with a turbine.
IC heat engines work on the principle of the ideal gas law: pV=nRT pV=nRT. Raising
the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes the gas want to expand. An
internal combustion engine has a chamber, which has fuel added to it which ignites in
order to raise the temperature of the gas.

Fig 2 - IC Engines (ICE)

Page No. 13
● Type Of IC Engine :-
1) Four Stroke Engine
2) Two Stroke Engine
3) Rotary Engine

Fig 3 - Four Stroke Engine

Fig 4 - Two Stroke Engine

Page No. 14
Fig 5 - Rotary Engine

Page No. 15
2. Electric Vehicles :- Electric vehicles (EV) are vehicles that use electric motors as a
source of propulsion. EVs utilize an onboard electricity storage system as a source of
energy and have zero tailpipe emissions. Modern EVs have an efficiency of 59-62%
converting electrical energy from the storage system to the wheels. EVs have a driving
range of about 60-400 km before needing recharging. The typical recharge time is 4 to
8 hours depending on the battery design, but can be faster thanks to a supercharger:
charging half the battery in 20 minutes. The efficiency of electric motors is superior to
that of internal combustion engines and is improved further by integrating new
technologies such as regenerative braking and active suspension. Common types of
EVs include electric trains, electric motorcycles, plug-in electric cars, and hybrid cars.
Electricity is transferred from a battery to a controller. The controller then sends the
electricity to the electric motors when needed. The accelerator is connected to a
variable switch which tells the controller how much power to send to the electric
motors. Power output can vary from zero to full as needed.
• Electric vehicles can have three different types of on-board energy storage
systems:
1 - Electrochemical energy
2 - Static energy 3 - Kinetic energy

Fig 6 - Electric Vehicle

Page No. 16
3. Hybrid Vehicles :- Hybrid cars are a type of motor vehicle that combines the benefits
of both gasoline and electric vehicles. Their goal is to increase the mileage and reduce
the emissions of a gas-powered car, while overcoming the shortcomings of electric
cars such as short distances for their battery charge. Gas-powered cars have an
internal combustion engine and a fuel tank, while electric cars have electric motors
and batteries. Both feed power to the transmission which delivers it to their respective
drive train in order to move the car. Hybrid cars combine all of these parts into one
system.

• Gas engine- Hybrid cars have similar engines to normal cars, however, they are often
smaller in order to reduce emissions and increase fuel efficiency.
• Fuel tank- Much like normal cars, hybrids use a fuel tank to carry their fuel that
supplies the engine. Gasoline's energy density is much higher than typical batteries,
as one would need 450 kilograms of batteries to match about 4 liters of gas energy.
• Electric motor/generator- Sophisticated design allows this part to act as either a
motor which gives the car motion from electricity or as a generator which gives the
batteries electricity from the motion of the car. In series hybrid cars, the generator and
motor are separate components.
• Batteries- These either supply energy to the motor or draw energy from the
generator and take a relatively long time to charge.

Fig 7 - Hybrid Vehicle

Page No. 17
4. Alternative Fuel Vehicles :- Alternative Fuel Vehicles or AFVs are not powered by
conventional diesel or gasoline. These vehicles usually use either natural gas,
hydrogen, or electricity. Due to increasing gasoline prices and environmental
concerns like climate change and pollution, AFVs have been gaining popularity.

• Natural Gas Vehicles :- Natural gas vehicles use natural gas as fuel. Natural gas
mainly consists of methane and has an energy density of
47.2 MJ/kg. When natural gas is burned, the end products are energy, carbon dioxide,
and water. This is a hydrocarbon combustion reaction just like burning normal
gasoline, but produces less carbon dioxide for a given amount of energy extracted.
• Fuel Cell Vehicles :- Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen as their energy currency, which is
used as a ’fuel' for the vehicle (which is not the same as a fuel in the primary energy
sense). Hydrogen has the highest energy density at 142.0 MJ/kg. The end products
generated by FCVs are heat and water resulting in zero carbon dioxide emission while
being driven. Of course, FCVs have the same long tail-pipe problem that electric
vehicles have.
• Electric vehicles.

• Sub Types
1. Hatchback, Sedan, MPV, SUV, Etc.
2. Automatic or Manual Gear Shift Vehicles.
3. Automatic or Self Driving Vehicles

Page No. 18
Fig 8 - Natural Gas Vehicles

Fig 9 - Fuel Cell Vehicle

Page No. 19
 3.2 360 Degree Vehicle

This project is about a 360-degree rotating vehicle. This vehicle moves in all directions
and this design provides better comfort and also saves time, most of the people use this
vehicle to carry goods, emergency patients etc. Normal wheel vehicles face a lot of
problems like parking, U-turns and much more which consumes more time. So, we
have designed a 360-degree wheel rotating vehicle to reduce and eliminate problems in
the industry as well as the common life of people. The vehicle can take a turn without
moving the vehicle. No extra space is required to turn the vehicle. In this system, each
of the 4 wheels is given drive with DC motors, so it can rotate 360 degree. 360-degree
rotating wheel is controlled by RF remote. Consequently, we can utilize this
360-degree rotating vehicle from various perspectives like to transport things in
overwhelming bags and furthermore in vehicles, which will help in decreasing rush
hour gridlock and spare time.
The performance analysis of the 360-degree wheel rotation vehicle has clearly shown
that it is more efficient, economical and effective. In this project forward and
backward movement of the vehicle and turning off the rear wheel of the vehicle is
getting power from the battery in the form of electrical energy. This energy is stored
into a 12V battery and then supplied to the components. As the electrical power is
used and transmitted to components by the use of electrical wires in place of any
mechanical arrangement, this results in less noise, less wear of components and less
vibration. The use of a battery provides a smooth flow of current toward the
components.

Fig 10 - 360 DEGREE VEHICLES

Page No. 20
 3.3 Parts in 3D vehicles

The main components used to fabricate the model are:

1. Fixed Frame (Chassis)
2. Driver and Driven Gear
3. Wheels
4. Steel pipe
5. DC motor
6. Nut and bolts
7. Battery
8. RF Controller

3.3.1 Fixed Frame (Chassis) - A vehicle's Fixed frame (chassis) system is the
determining factor when it comes to handling characteristics. The chassis construction
influences vehicle driving dynamics, comfort, safety, and road holding ability. The
fixed frame forms the base of the 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle. This frame is
made of plywood. It has four wheels attached to its two sides by Dc motor bolt and iron
pipe.

Fig 11 - Wooden Fixed Frame (Chassis)

Page No. 21
3.3.2 Driver and Driven Gear - Driver and Driven Gear is a part of 360 degree wheel
rotation vehicle. This part is used to provide direction to the front wheels by help Dc
motor, which provides direction to the front wheels clockwise or anticlockwise
direction.
A Driver gear is a main gear with teeth that mesh with other gears. These
gears are used for the power transmission between driven gear and wheel. A driver gear
is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes with a driven gear, track or other perforated
or indented material. This is a part of this vehicle. Dc motor and driver gear are used to
provide the clockwise or anticlockwise direction to the front wheel and rear wheel
through the meshed gears. Gears are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked
vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts
where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.

Fig 12 - Driver and Driven Gear

Page No. 22
3.3.3 Wheel - In this vehicle wheels are made of plastic material. Wheel is connected
with a DC motor and the front wheel rotates 360 degrees by helping Driver and Driven
Gear arrangement. The rear wheels rotate 90 degree left and 90 degree right from
original position by the help of DC motor, Driver and Driven Gear arrangement, DC
motor has given to each wheel to provide forward and backward movement of wheel.

Fig 13 - Wheel

3.3.4 Steel Pipe - Steel pipe is an important part of a 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle.
It is made of mild steel. Which is used to connect bearing and DC motor of each wheel.

Fig 14 - Steel Pipe

Page No. 23
3.3.5 DC Motor - In this vehicle one DC motor are provide in each wheel to move
forward and backward direction. The specification of motor used is 12 V, with 250 rpm
.When power supply from battery to DC motor then DC motor rotate in clockwise
direction and when reverse current supply from battery to DC motor then DC motor
will anticlockwise direction. Which will forward and backward movement of vehicle.
An electric motor uses electrical energy to produce mechanical energy. In any electric
motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A current-carrying conductor
generates a magnetic field; when this is then placed in an external magnetic field, it will
experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor, and to the strength of
the external magnetic field. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a
kid, opposite (North and South) polarities attract, while like polarities (North and
North, South and South) repel. The internal configuration of a DC motor is designed to
harness the magnetic interaction between a current-carrying conductor and an external
magnetic field to generate rotational motion.

Fig 15 - DC Motor 12 V 250 rpm

Page No. 24
3.3.6 Nut and Bolts - Nut and bolts are used for connection of Dc motor, gears, wheels
and frame.

Fig 16 - Nuts And Bolts

3.3.7 Battery - Battery is one of the important parts of 360 degree wheel rotation
vehicle. Which is connected to DC motor by electric wire? It stores electrical energy
and supplies to the DC motor so the vehicle will move forward and backward. Batteries
operate by converting chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical
discharge reactions. Batteries are composed of one or more cells, each containing a
positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte. Cells is to be divided
into two major classes: primary and secondary.

Fig 17 - 12V Battery

Page No. 25
 3.3.8 R F Controller - RF module operates at Radio Frequency. This frequency range
varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system, the digital data is represented as
variations in the amplitude of the carrier wave. This type of modulation is Amplitude
Shift Keying (ASK). There are 4 Dc motors drive to move the vehicle in forward and
reverse direction. and this is controlled by RF remote.

● Transmitter module

An RF transmitter module is a small PCB sub-assembly capable of transmitting a radio

wave and modulating that wave to carry data. Transmitter modules are usually
implemented alongside a micro controller which will provide data to the module which
can be transmitted. RF transmitters are usually subject to regulatory requirements
which dictate the maximum allowable transmitter power output, harmonics, and band
edge requirements. The transmitter part consists of the keypad interfaced to the
microcontroller. Any button number in decimal format is converted to 4 digit binary by
the microcontroller and the parallel output at one of its port is applied to the encoder.
The encoder converts this parallel data to serial data and this is fed to the transmitter,
fitted with an antenna to transmit the serial data.

Fig 18 - Transmitter Module

Page No. 26
● Receiver module

An RF receiver module receives the modulated RF signal, and demodulates it. There
are two types of RF receiver modules: super heterodyne receivers and
super-regenerative receivers. Super-regenerative modules are usually low cost and low
power designs using a series of amplifiers to extract modulated data from a carrier
wave. Super-regenerative modules are generally imprecise as their frequency of
operation varies considerably with temperature and power supply voltage. Super
heterodyne receivers have a performance advantage over super-regenerative; they offer
increased accuracy and stability over a large voltage and temperature range. This
stability comes from a fixed crystal design which in the past tended to mean a
comparatively more expensive product. However, advances in receiver chip design now
mean that currently there is little price difference between super heterodyne and
super-regenerative receiver modules. The receiver side consists of a decoder interfaced
to the microcontroller. The decoder converts the received command in serial format to
the parallel form and gives this data to the microcontroller. Based on this command the
microcontroller sends the appropriate input signals to the motor drivers to drive the
respective motors.

Fig 19 - Receiver Module

Page No. 27
 3.4 Working of 3D Vehicle

This project consists of Gears, DC motor, wheel, nut, bolts, steel pipe, and battery. In
this system first the vehicle is stopped and wheels are then turned in the required
direction with help of meshing gears and DC motor. Teeth of gears are completely mesh
with each other which is used to provide rotary motion to rear wheels by the help of a
DC motor. Main Dc motor is used to provide direction of rotation to front wheels by
help of Dc motor and gear arrangement. DC motors are used in each wheel to provide
forward and backward movement of this vehicle, also a battery is used to provide
electrical energy for each DC motor. It has a turning radius nearly equal to the
negligible length of the vehicle itself. This system is to be useful in hospitals, small
industries and also on railway platforms.

● 360 degree wheel rotation vehicles consist of Driven and driver Gear, steel pipe,
battery, DC motor and wheel.
● In this vehicle Driver gear of front wheel and Dc motor are connected to the other
driven gear and DC motor is given to each wheel to provide forward and backward
movement of vehicle.
● When is to rotate clockwise and anticlockwise direction by hand then 4 Dc motor is
connected to wheels also rotates clockwise and anticlockwise direction. This rotary
motion of Main gear transfers to the other gears because teeth of main gear are
completely meshed to each other.
● When power is supplied from the battery to the DC motor then the DC motor starts to
rotate in clockwise direction and also Driver gear will rotate in clockwise direction
because the DC motor is connected to the gear, the same rotary force is transferred to
other rear wheels by meshing gears. So as a result rear wheels also rotate 90 degree left
from original position and reverse current flow from battery to DC motor then rear
wheels rotate 90 degree right from original position.
● When power is supplied from the battery to DC motors of each wheel then each DC
motor starts to rotate the wheels also rotate with the DC motor because wheels and DC
motors are connected by bolts and nuts. As a result vehicle moves in forward direction
and when reverse current flow from battery to DC motors, then DC motors start rotate
in opposite direction. As a result vehicle is move in backward direction.

Page No. 28
 3.5 Assembly Drawing Of 3D Vehicle

Fig 20 - Assembly Drawing Of 3D Vehicle

Page No. 29
 3.6 Bill Of Material

Fig 21 - Bill Of Materials

Page No. 30
4.COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN & SIMULATION OF 3D VEHICLE

Fig 22 -Frame and Clamps

Fig 23 - Chain and Sprocket

Page No. 31
 Fig 24 - Wheel

Fig 25 - Assembly

Page No. 32
Fig 26 - Different Views Of Assembly Model

Fig 27 - Assembly Model

Page No. 33
Fig 28 - Four Wheel Rotating Positions

Page No. 34
 5.COST ESTIMATION

Components Quantity Cost

1. Spur Gear 7 70 ₹
2. Wheels 4 120 ₹
3. Dc Motor 5 875 ₹
4. Nut & Bolt 25 70 ₹
5. Frame 1 50 ₹
6. Battery 1 50 ₹
7. R F Controller 1 500 ₹
8. Other Charges - 200 ₹
Total Cost - 1935 ₹

Page No. 35
 6.ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

Advantages, Limitations of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle shown below;

6.1 Advantages

1. It consumes very less time to turn from one direction to another.

2. It is more efficient compared to other types of load carry vehicles.
3. This type of load carry vehicle is easily parked in any direction.
4. It is a less costly load carry vehicle.
5. Eco-friendly.
6. Less noise operation.
7. Battery operated thus no fuel required.
8. More efficient.
9. Battery is using in this 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle to move forward and
backward, so it is a kind pollution free vehicle

6.2 Disadvantages

1. Frequent charging of the battery.

2. Heavy loads could not be driven.

3. Reduced working time due to power problems.

4. Complicated chain arrangement.

5. Battery power is required to move off the vehicle.

Page No. 36
 7 APPLICATION

1. In Industries for automation of raw material like automated guided vehicles.

2. In the automobile sector there are so many types of vehicles that are used to carry
goods from one position to another position, there is a space problem in the industry so
this vehicle is used in automobile applications because this vehicle consumes very less
space compared to other types of vehicle.
3. This vehicle is used in small Industries for transportation of raw material from one
position to another position.
4. Modern development and economical progression of Indian society resulted in an
increase of vehicles in parks so there are also problems. In park other vehicles are
taking more space to move from one direction to other direction and 360 degree wheel
rotation vehicles have capability to move parallel direction so this vehicle can easily
move from one direction to other direction in park.
5. Take an easy U-turn because the front wheels of this vehicle are rotating freely by
steering, chain drive and sprocket arrangement.
6. It is used in hospitals to carry the patient from one room to another room. Because there
are lots of patients those are staying in one room.

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 8.CONCLUSION

A prototype for the proposed approach was developed by introducing Driver and
Driven Gear and DC motor to wheel rotate 360 degree. 360 degree of rotating
automobiles and also we can guide in parallel directions. In recent time the
advancement is made in automobiles. So, it has been modified in such a way that it can
save time and also easily work with many problem. This can give fast response and less
space is required. This prototype was found to be able to be maneuvered very easily in
tight spaces, and after manufacture of 360 degree wheel rotation vehicle consumed very
less space to turn from one direction to another direction and it consumed less time to
turn and this vehicle was used in various areas such as small industries, railway
platforms.

9.FUTURE SCOPE

1. We have built only a prototype that can be built into a bigger model suiting the needs
and requirements of the customer.
2. This equipment is semiautomatic in recent fabricated models using suitable technology
it could be made fully automatic.
3. ESP wifi board has an area coverage of 1km for using control systems that can be
boosted using wifi routers.
4. Usage of renewable energy sources to power the device can be applied.

10.RECTIFICATION

1. Use of solar cell to eradicate power problems.

2. Suitable motor selection for heavy loads.
3. Increasing the power of motor to lift all kinds of loads.

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 11.REFERENCES

Papers

[1] Jaishnu Moudgil, Shubhankar Mengi And Mudit Chopra, 360 Degree Rotating Vehicle
To Overcome The Problem Of Parking Space, International Journal Of Research In
Mechanical Engineering And Technology, 5(2), 2015, 22-25.

[2] Sudip Kachhia, Design Of 360 Degree Rotating Car, International Journal Of Advance
Research And Innovative Ideas In Education, 2(5), 2016, 15–16.

[3] K. Lohith, K. Lohith, Dr. S. R. Shankapal, M. H. Monish Gowda, Development Of Four

Wheel,Scholars Journal Of Engineering And Technology,12(1), 2013, 52-53.

[4] Er. Amitesh Kumar, Dr.Dinesh.N.Kamble, Zero Turn Four Wheel Steering System,
International Journal Of Scientific & Engineering Research,5(12), 2014, 22-24.

[5] Mr. Sharad P. Mali, Mr. Sagar Jadhav, Prof. D.U.Patil, Zero Turn Four Wheel
Mechanism, International Engineering Research Journal,2(2), 2016, 484-486

[6] Neville, A., Stanton, Marsden P.(2001), From Implications Of Automation In Vehicles ,
Automotive Engineering, Vol.109, No.9, Pp.102-106.

[7] Rahmaan, Mohammad Ubaid Ur, Et Al. "360 Degree Wheel Rotation Vehicle."

[8] Kumar, Er Amitesh, Dr Dinesh, and N. Kamble. "Zero Turn Four Wheel Steering
System." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 5.12

[9] Kumar, K. Saravana. "Fabrication of 360 Degree Rotating Wheel

[10] Bulatovsky, V., And L. Pedko. "Four-Wheel Steering System." (2018).

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