CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
 Presents the specific problem under research study and describes the research strategy
 Answers the following questions:
 Why is the problem important?
 How do the hypothesis and design relate to the problem?
 What are the theoretical implications of the study? How does the study
relate to the previous work in the area? (Research Gap)
Related Literature
 Provides justification for your problem and hypothesis
 Cite and reference only works pertinent to the specific issue and not works of
tangential (not closely connected) or general significance
 Avoid non-essential details; emphasize pertinent findings, relevant methodological
issues, and major conclusions
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
 The “creative” section of your work
 Discuss here your own original integration of the major theories and/or frameworks
that you intend to apply
 Should be clear and logical

Statement of the Problem

 Presents the specific research questions

 Should have several characteristics:
 Should be phrased in a form of a question
 The questions should suggest a relationship between variables (unless
the study is exploratory or descriptive)
 The research question should imply the possibility of empirical testing
Hypothesis
 Necessary only if you have a particular theory/ framework/ premise that you are
testing
 Ho – Null Hypothesis (negatively stated)
 Ha – Alternate Hypothesis (positively stated)

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 Significance of the Study
 Contains the theoretical and practical reasons why the research is being conducted
 Where you justify why the study should be conducted at all
 Answers the questions: Who will benefit? What is their benefit? How can they utilize
the said benefit?

Scope and Delimitation

 Contains the parameters of the study
 Discusses the variables that are included and those that are not
 Reasons for the inclusions and exclusions must be stated directly and briefly

Definition of Terms
 contains the words and their meanings as being used in the context of the study

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CHAPTER II
METHOD

Design
 Overview of the design used for the study
 The plan or structure for conducting a study whether it is experimental, quasi-
experimental, correlational, case study, exploratory, descriptive, phenomenology,
ethnography, etc.
 Summarizes the set of procedures that the researcher will use to obtain data to
answer the research problems

Setting
 Included only if the setting is of particular significance or importance

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 Respondents/ Participants
 Includes the number and relevant characteristics of the respondents as well as the
sampling plan and technique
 The term “Respondents” is more appropriate when the method to be used is Survey;
“Participants” if Interview, FGD, or KII

Sample Size and Sampling Technique

 This section is where the researcher discusses the process he used in coming up with
the specific number of respondents for the study and how the individual respondents
from the population will be selected from the population

Instrumentation
 This section discusses the data gathering tool that is used in the study
 Discuss how many sections/ parts, what are the parts, how many questions etc.

Data Gathering Procedure

 Contains the process used when conducting the actual study
 Includes the step-by-step “recipe” beginning with how the subjects were contacted all
the way to how the data were collected
 Should also contain the Ethical Considerations applied in the study (e.g. informed
consent, debriefing procedures, and so forth)

Statistical Treatment/Data Analysis

 Describes the procedure on hoe the data are to be (or were) analyzed
 for Quantitative – Statistical Treatment/ Analysis
 for Qualitative – Thematic/ Content Analysis
 for Mixed – Statistical and Thematic or Content Analysis

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 CHAPTER III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 Here is where the researcher presents results that are relevant to the problems and
hypothesis (if there is) of the study
 Also, the results are interpreted, evaluated, and placed in context
 What do the findings mean?
 Were the proposed hypotheses (if any) supported or not?
 What does it contribute to the research area? (placing findings in context
by discussing how the results relate to the previous research findings
(form the Literature Review)

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CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY
 Summarizes the researchers’ most important findings
 Not a repetition of the Discussion, more of what is the “take-home” message
 Purposely done so that readers may have an essential grasp of what the researcher did
and found

Conclusion

 Presents the opinion or decision of the researcher which was formed through the
conduct of the research study

Recommendation

 Presents the researcher’s suggestion/s about what should be done (with basis on the
results of the study)

Recommendations for Further Study

 Suggested Research titles related to the present study are listed on this section for the
purpose of further exploration of the variables in the study

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 REFERENCES
 All sources must be listed using the APA Format

APPENDICES
 Includes the Survey Questionnaire or Interview Guide and the Communication
Letters used in the entire study

Note: The contents of this guide were adapted from the Guidelines on Research Format and
Style First Edition, which was crafted by the University Research ad Publication Center
(URPC) of the Notre Dame University, Cotabato City.

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