Name of Learner: __________________________________________________ Section: ________________

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
SY 2020 – 2021 1st Semester
1st Quarter Week 4
Background Information:
In this lesson you will discover the real-life applications of one-to-one function. It can be applied in
education, business, nature and even in your household. In this activity, you are expected to:
Learning Competency:
M11GM-Id-1 – represents real-life situations using one-to-one functions.
M11GM-Id-2 – determines the inverse of a one-to-one function.
M11GM-Id-3 – represents an inverse function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
M11GM-Id-4 – finds the domain and range of an inverse function.
Discussion:
Real World Application of One-to-One Function
Recall that a relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called domain) to another set of
values (called range). While a function can be defined as a set of ordered pairs in which no two ordered pairs
have the same first component but different second components.
A relation is one-to-one function if and only if each element of its range corresponds to a unique
element of its domain. One-to-one function describe a relationship in which one item can be paired with
another item. But the relationship can be flipped so that it’s true both ways. The following are some real-life
situations of one-to-one function.

1. One-to-One Function in your Household

 One person has one name, and that name belongs to one person.
 On legally married couples, one husband has one wife and that wife has one husband.
2. One-to-One Function in Education
 Each student must complete one quarterly exam and the quarterly exam can only be completed by
one student.
 Each student has its own Learner Reference Number, and that Learner Reference Number must be
assigned to one student only.
3. One-to-One Function in Business
 A CEO hires only one secretary, and that secretary only works with the CEO.
 A company has one unique name, and that name belongs to one company.
4. One-to-One Function in Nature
 Humans have unique fingerprints, therefore a fingerprints belongs to one human being.
 A hermit crab can only live in one shell at a time, and that shell can only house one hermit crab at a
time.

One-to-One Function
A function is said to be one-to-one (1-1) if and only if whenever and are two numbers in the
domain of and , then ( ) ( ).
Equivalently, is one-to-one if and only whenever ( ) ( ), then .
 In other words, in a one-to-one function, every two distinct numbers in the domain correspond to two
distinct values of the function.
 In a one-to-one function, given any there is only one that can be paired with the given .
 A function is one-to-one if no two ordered pairs in the function have the same second component and
different first components.
 Such functions are also called injective.

The following is an example and non-example of one-to-one function.

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 The relation is one-to-one because there are no two distinct inputs that correspond to the same
output. The relation is not one-to-one because two different inputs, b and c, have the same output of 2.

The function ( ) is one-to-one because if and are real numbers such that ( ) ( ),
then

Hence, is one-to-one.

The function ( ) can be shown to be one-to-one in the following manner:

Let and are elements in the domain of and let ( ) ( ). Then,

Then .
It follows that .
Hence, is one-to-one.

The following functions are one-to-one:

a. ( ) c. ( )
b. ( ) d. ( )

a. ( )
If ( ) ( ), it implies that . Hence, is one-to-one.

b. ( )
If ( ) ( ) then , which implies that . Hence, is one-to-one.

c. ( )
If ( ) ( ) then , which implies that . Hence, is one-to-one.
In general, if ( ) and is odd, is one-to-one.

d. ( )
If ( ) ( ) then , which implies that . Hence, is one-to-one.
In general, if ( ) and is odd, is one-to-one.

Functions like and are not one-to-one because ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) and ( )

( ) ( ) ( ). In general, if ( ) and is even, is not one-to-one.
Graphically, you could determine whether a function is one-to-one using a horizontal line test.
A function is one-to-one if and only if every horizontal line intersects the graph of the function in at most
one point.

Determine whether the given functions are one-to-one using the horizontal line test.
a. ( )
b. ( )
c. ( )

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 a. The function is linear whose graph is not a horizontal line. By the horizontal line test, is one-to-one.

Are all linear functions one-to-one?

No, because vertical lines are not one-to-one.

b. ( )
The given function is a rational function whose graph is shown below. By the horizontal line test, is
one-to-one.

c. ( )
The function is quadratic whose graph is a parabola going upward as shown below.

The function is not one-to-one since horizontal line test fails.

Inverse Function
If is a function consisting of ordered pairs ( ), then there is a relation called the inverse of , whose
elements are the ordered pairs ( ).
If is one-to-one with domain and range , then the inverse of is called the inverse function of
denoted by with domain and range defined by ( ) if and only if ( ) for any in .

Example 1: Find the inverse function described by the set of ordered pairs *( )( )( )( )+.

Interchange the coordinates of each ordered pair.

Given Function: *( ) ( ) ( )( )+
Inverse Function: *( ) ( ) ( )( )+

Example 2: Find the inverse of ( ) .

The following are the steps to determine the inverse of a function from its equation:
1. Write the function in the form ( ).
2. Interchange the and variables.
3. Solve for in terms of .
Given Function: ( )
Write the function in the form ( ):
Interchange the and variables:
Solve for in terms of :

Hence, the inverse of ( ) is ( ) .

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Example 3: Find the inverse of ( ) √ .

Given Function: ( ) √
Write the function in the form ( ): √
Interchange the and variables: √
Solve for in terms of : √
( )
Hence, the inverse of ( ) √ is ( ) ( ) .
Example 4: Consider the function defined by ( ) . Find its inverse.

Given Function: ( )
Write the function in the form ( ):
Interchange the and variables:
Solve for in terms of :

Hence, the inverse of ( ) is ( ) .

Since for every point ( ) on the graph of a one-to-one function , the point ( ) is on the graph of
, then and . It means that the domain of is the range of and the range of is
the domain of .

Let us now consider the composition of a one-to-one function and its inverse . Using functions
( ) and ( ) , find ( ) ( ) and ( )( ).

( )( ) ( ( ))
( )

( )

( )( ) ( ( ))
( )

( )

The compositions of a one-to-one function and its inverse always result to the identity function,
that is ( )( ) ( )( ) for all in the domain of and in the domain of .
Let us graph and its inverse in one Cartesian plane that ( ) and ( ) .
Consider two points on the graph of which is ( ) and ( ). The following is the graph of ( )
and its inverse.

f 1

1,2  f

 1, 12  2,1
 12 ,  1

y x

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Graphing Inverse Functions
Given the graph of a one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse can be obtained by reflecting the
graph about the line
The domain and range of the inverse function can be determined by inspection of the graph.
Observe from our previous example, the graphs of ( ) and ( ) are symmetric with
respect to the line . Symmetric means that the graphs are like two-sided mirror and you could see the
inverse reflected in the mirror. The points ( ) and ( ) is on the function ( ) while the points ( )
and ( ) is on the function ( ). The following are the domain and range of the given function.

( ) ( )
Domain (all real numbers) (all real numbers)
Range (all real numbers) (all real numbers)

Consider the rational function ( ) whose graphs is shown below:

a. Find its domain and range.
b. Find its inverse and graph.
c. Find the domain and range of its inverse.

a. From our previous lesson, we first equate the denominator of ( ) to . That is ,

therefore .

Domain: * +, that is all values can take the variable except because the
denominator becomes and ( ) will be undefined. The interval notation can also be written as
( ) ( ).

To find the range, we use ( ) , so that . In solving this, you just multiply and the
denominator so that it becomes,

( )

Equate , then . Therefore, , otherwise the denominator is zero.

Range: * +, that is all values can take the variable except because the
denominator becomes and will be undefined.

Using the techniques from the lesson on rational functions, the equations of the asymptotes are:
Vertical asymptote: Horizontal asymptote:
b. Given Function: ( )
Write the function in the form ( ):
Interchange the and variables:
Solve for in terms of : ( )

( )
( )
( ) ( )

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 Hence, the inverse of ( ) is ( ) .
The inverse can be graphed by taking the reflection of the graph across .

The equations of the asymptotes are:

Vertical asymptote: Horizontal asymptote:

c. The domain and range of the function and its inverse are as follows
( ) ( )

Domain * + * +

Range * + * +

We can make the observation that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original function and the range
of the inverse is the domain of the original function.

Summary
A one-to-one function is a function in which for each value of in the range of , there is just one value
of in the domain of such that ( ). In general,
1. ( ) , is one-to-one.
2. ( ) , if is even, it is not one-to-one.
3. ( ) , if is odd, it is one-to-one.
4. ( ) , if is odd, it is one-to-one.

A function is one-to-one if and only if every horizontal line intersects the graph of the function in at most
one point. Graphically, you could determine whether a function is one-to-one using a horizontal line test.
The following are the steps to determine the inverse of a function from its equation:
1. Write the function in the form ( ).
2. Interchange the and variables.
3. Solve for in terms of .

The followings are the properties of an inverse of a one-to-one function:

1. The inverse of ( ) is ( ).
2. ( ( )) for all in the domain of .
3. ( ( )) for all in the domain of .
4. The two functions and are inverses of each other if
( ( )) for every in the domain of and
( ( )) for every in the domain of .
Hence, ( ( )) ( ( )) or if ( ) ( ), then ( ( )) ( ( )) .

The following are the observations on the graph of the inverse of a function:
1. If ( ) is a point on the graph of ( ), then ( ) is a point on the graph of ( ).
2. The graphs of ( ) and ( ) are symmetric with respect to the line .

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Exercises:
Exercise 1: Identify whether the given situation represents a one-to-one function or not.
1. *( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )+
2. *( )( )( )( )( )+
3. *( )( )( )( )( )+
4. Sim cards to cellphone numbers
5. Height to age
6. Pairing of cars to plate numbers

7. 8. 9. 10.

Exercise 2: Determine whether each statement is true or false.

1. The inverse of the function ( ) is ( ) .
2. The inverse of the relation *( )( )( )+ is a function.
3. The product of two inverse functions is always 1.
4. The inverse of the function ( ) is ( ) .
5. The functions ( ) and ( ) are inverses of each other.
Exercise 3: Match the functions in Column A with their inverse functions in Column B. Write the letter of your
choice.
Column A Column B
1. ( ) a. ( )
2. ( ) b. ( )
3. ( ) c. ( )
4. ( ) d. ( )
5. ( ) e. ( )
f. ( ) √
Exercise 4: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. How many times does a one-to-one function crosses a horizontal line?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
2. Which of the following is a one-to-one function?
a. People to their birthdays
b. People to their residential address
c. People to their SSS number
d. People to their first name
3. What is a method of determining whether a graph represents a one-to-one function or not?
a. Horizontal Line Test b. Vertical Line Test
c. Square Root Method d. Piecewise Function

4. Find the inverse of ( ) .

a. ( ) b. ( )
c. ( ) d. ( )

5. Which is the inverse of the function ( ) ?

a. ( ) b. ( )
c. ( ) d. ( )

References:
General Mathematics Teacher's Guide
General Mathematics Learner's Material
General Mathematics for SHS, Aoanan, G., et. Al., C&E Publishing, Inc.

Prepared by: MARIA CRISTINA M. JOSON

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 Name of Learner: __________________________________________________ Section: ________________

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
SY 2020 – 2021 1st Semester
1st Quarter Week 4

ANSWER SHEET

Exercise 1: Identify whether the given situation represents a one-to-one function or not.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Exercise 2: Determine whether each statement is true or false.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Exercise 3: Match the functions in Column A with their inverse functions in Column B. Write the letter of your
choice.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Exercise 4: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Reflection:
You encountered a lot of concepts related to one-to-one and inverse function. Now it’s to pause for a while and
reflect to your learning process by doing the 3-2-1 Chart.

What are the 3 most important things you learned?

What are the two things you are not sure about?

What is the 1 thing you want to clarify immediately?

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