FIELD PRACTICAL TRAINING REPORT

DEPARTMENT: Research and Applied Meteorology

Trainee Name: MAKALO, JOSEPH
Registration Number: T/UDOM/2015/15211
University of Dodoma
Degree program: Bachelor of science in statistics

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DECLARATION
I declare that this field report is my original work and not being organized by imitation. This field
report was prepared using the knowledge with regarding to what was observed, what was taught
and what was done at the field area with the help of instructors. This field report work carried out
by me during the period from 24/07/2017 to 15/09/2017 at Tanzania Meteorological Agency and
has not submitted by any other student as field practical training report.

Name……………………………………..…Makalo, Joseph

Registration number……………………….. T/UDOM/2015/15211

Signature…………………………………… __________________

Date………………………………………….___________________

Field report training supervisor……………. Mrs.Fatu Chilinga

Signature…………………………………….._________________

Date………………………………………….__________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the development and production of this field work I feel a deep sense of gratitude. I would
like to thank almighty GOD for giving me strength and courage to complete this field report, but
also my family in one way or another for their much contribution in pursuing this field report.

My deepest appreciation to Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) and Director of Research

and Applied Meteorology (DRA), Dr. Chan`ga B. Ladislaus, and Manager of Research and
Environment(MRE), Dr Sarah for given me the chance for conduct my Practical Training. I also
convey my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor, Mrs. Fatu Chilinga who guided me in one way or
another for assessing my first draft of the report and helped me for the guidance of preparing my
final field report. Her attitudes like criticisms, invaluable patience, intellectual guidance and
support helped me to accomplish this report, sincerely, she deserves all kinds of credit and
appreciation.

Furthermore, I highly commend and acknowledge the support from all the staffs’ members in all
sections at TMA including Madam Shamimu, Mr. Chobo, Mr. Ndaki, Mr. Joseph, Mr. Bahati,
Mr. Haule, Mr. Kisoki and others whom I don’t mention. Special thanks to Dr Sarah who was
our supervisor from TMA, despite of many works and duties she had but she’s cooperation and
assistance was unlimited.

It will be unfair if I don’t acknowledge the contribution, collaboration and support I

received from all students in our practical training. The support and knowledge I gained from
them were very valuable and contributed greatly to the improvement of this work.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my lectures for their theoretical training because those lessons
helped me in one way or another in my practical training.

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ABSTRACT
Since Statistics is concerned with uncertainty, that evaluating and quantifying uncertainty as well
as making inferences and forecasting in the face of uncertainty are all part of statistics. Then,
statistics has many role to play in meteorology sciences, since its uncertainty in atmosphere
behavior that makes the atmosphere interesting. This field report for the field work was
conducted at Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) with the aim of applying statistic
knowledge in the field of meteorology.

This report main body divided into three parts, first part is introduction which introduce the
Tanzania Meteorological Agency, and the purpose of attending the field practical training at
TMA. The second part is progress of the practical training that explain the different sections at
TMA and tasks performed during practical training, material used and other related things. The
last part is the conclusion that comprise recommendations based on different challenges seen at
TMA, but also what was learnt at TMA.

Most of the tasks which we were given complied with some of the theories learnt in class which I
apply during the field practical training are such as computer course, basic statistics and
statistical inference in making analysis of the data for monitoring and evaluation .Depending on
the nature of practical training there we were not lucky of some packages to be used and thus
reduced the accuracy of the training, those packages were limited for the safety of the data, this
leads to most of the works in this report to be just in summaries.

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v
Table of Contents
DECLARATION........................................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................viii
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS......................................................................................................................ix
CHAPTER ONE.........................................................................................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of the reason for attending practical training...............................................................1
1.2 Introduction about TMA.................................................................................................................1
1.2.1 TMA mission..............................................................................................................................2
1.2.2 TMA vision.................................................................................................................................2
1.2.3 TMA core values........................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................................................3
2.0 PROGRESSIVE OF THE PRACTICAL TRAINING......................................................................3
2.1 Organization structure of TMA......................................................................................................3
2.2 Objectives and functions of TMA....................................................................................................4
2.2.1 Functions of TMA......................................................................................................................4
2.3 General description of the Sections.................................................................................................5
2.3.1 Library Section..........................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 Climatology and climate change section..................................................................................5
2.3.3 GIS and Research Laboratory..................................................................................................6
2.3.4 Agrometeorological
section…………………………………….....................................7
2.3.5 Hydrometeorological
section…………………………………………………………..8
2.3.6 Central Forecasting Office.................................................................................................8
2.4 Tasks and duties I performed..........................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Checking the status of the data.................................................................................................9
2.4.2 Data entry and data computation using Microsoft Excel.....................................................11
2.4.3 Making data analysis using meteorological software............................................................11
2.4.5 Forecasting severe weather..............................................................................................14
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................20

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3.0 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................20
3.1 Results of the works........................................................................................................................20
3.2 Suitability of the place....................................................................................................................20
3.3 Recommendations..........................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................................23

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 The new TMA organization structure................................................................................3
Figure 2 Appearance of TMA library...............................................................................................9
Figure 3 Appearance of TMA Archive............................................................................................9
Figure 4 Agromet network system structure..................................................................................12
Figure 5 Agrometeorological bulletin preparation flow diagram...................................................13
Figure 6 Significant weather code plotting....................................................................................14
Figure 7 Wind symbols and strength .............................................................................................15
Figure 8 Rainfall forecast base on precipitation.............................................................................19

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LIST OF ABREVIATIONS
TMA Tanzania Meteorological Agency
DRA Director of Research and Applied Meteorology
DOM Directorate of Meteor0logical
EAC East African Community
EAMD East African Meteorological Department
GIS Geographical Information System
WMD World Meteorological Organization
WWW World Weather Watch
ICAO Civil Aviation Organization
GWA Global Atmospheric Watch
GCOS Global Climate Observing System
SADC Southern African Development Community
UDSM University of Dar es salaam
SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture
GCM Global Climate Model
RCM Regional Climate Model
CFO Central Forecasting Office

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of the reason for attending practical training
The idea of attended my field practical training is to have more knowledge about what I have
learnt theoretical, to apply what I have taught or not taught by my lectures such use of different
statistical packages. But also to have new knowledge apart from school like to learn new
software which are mostly used in most institutions for storage and making analysis of data.

My practical training was carried at Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) located at Ubungo,
Dar-es-salaam on July 24, 2017 to September 15, 2017. TMA deals with providing
meteorological services in the country as a main function of TMA. Since atmospheric sciences
are awash with data in supporting of weather forecasting activities, it can be non-trivial task to
make just some preliminary sense of such data sets, it’s typically necessary to organize those
data and to choose and implement appropriate summary representations, also to know different
models that can be of important in forecasting activities. This makes statistics to be very
important in the field of meteorology.

1.2 Introduction about TMA

Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) is a government Executive Agency under the Ministry
of Transport. Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) is designated Meteorological Authority in
Tanzania and is mandated to provide meteorological services to the general public. Tanzania
Meteorological Agency (TMA) is an agency that provides meteorological services, weather
forecasts, climate services and warnings including daily forecast information for each region of
the country.

The origin of the Tanzania Meteorological Agency TMA can be traced as far as back from the
Directorate of Meteorological (DOM) which was established by the Act of parliament No.6 of
1978 as a specialized department responsible for provision of meteorological services in
Tanzania following collapse of the then East African Community in June 1977.

Before its collapse, meteorological services in Tanzania were organized within the framework of
the East African Community (EAC) comprising Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The East African
Meteorological Department (EAMD) was responsible for co-coordinating and implementing a
meteorological activity in East Africa and headquarter was in Nairobi, Kenya. The Directorate of
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meteorology was formed into an Executive Agency, the Tanzania Meteorological Agency
(TMA), in September 1999 and it officially stared to operate on 3rd of December 1999.

1.2.1 TMA mission

To provide quality, reliable and cost effective meteorological services to stakeholders'
expectations thereby contributing to the protection of life and property, environment and national
poverty eradication goal.

1.2.2 TMA vision

To stand out as a centre of excellence in accelerating the National Development Vision through
provision of world class meteorological services by the year 2015.

1.2.3 TMA core values

For the seek of making sure that vision and mission are achieved, The Agency will observe the
following core values;

1. Professionalism

2. Good governance

3. Quality service

4. Team work

5. Timeliness and

6. Customer focus

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 PROGRESSIVE OF THE PRACTICAL TRAINING

2.1 Organization structure of TMA
TMA is Government Agency in the Ministry of Transport, it is headed by Director General who
reports to the Permanent Secretary. TMA is divided into 5 Divisions and Zanzibar Office each
headed by a Director as shown in the figure 01 below.

Figure 1 The new TMA organization structure(source TMA)

During my practical training, I worked in two divisions; - Forecasting Services and Research and
Applied Meteorology. In general there are five sections in Tanzania Meteorological Agency but
I worked four section only at TMA, Central Forecasting office which is in division of
Forecasting Services. The remaining four; - GIS and Research Laboratory, climatology and
climate change section, Agromet section and Hydromet section are in division of Research and
Applied Meteorology

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2.2 Objectives and functions of TMA
The objectives of Tanzania Meteorological Agency include making accurate meteorological
forecasts, an effective management Information system, increase customer satisfaction from the
current level, Regional and International conventions and cooperation, financial and procurement
management system and cost recovery for the provision of aeronautical meteorology services.

2.2.1 Functions of TMA

• To provide meteorological services for international air navigation on behalf of the
United Republic of Tanzania as designated meteorological authority and according to
Technical Regulations of the World Meteorological Organization Document ([C.31]
2.1.4) and Annex 3 (2.1.4) of the International Civil Aviation Organization;
• To organize and administer efficient networks of surface and upper air stations necessary
to capture accurate records of the weather and climatic conditions of the United Republic
of Tanzania;
• To observe, collect, archive and disseminate meteorological and related information for
the United Republic of Tanzania;
• To take part in global exchange of meteorological and related data and products for the
safety of humankind and to enhance the understanding of the global atmosphere;
• To provide weather, climate services and warnings for the safety of life and property to
the general public and to various users including aviation, agriculture and food security,
water resources, disaster management, health and construction industry;
• To carry out research and training in meteorology and climatology and in other related
fields, and cooperate with other institutions where appropriate, for use in socio-economic
development planning;
• To participate in the activities of international organizations and programs, in particular
the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) example World Weather Watch
(WWW), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Global Climate Observing
System (GCOS), the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW), etc.
• To cooperate with other institutions concerned with issues related to climate variability,
climate change and environment

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 • To participate in activities dealing with meteorology under Regional Organizations
example Southern African Development Community (SADC) and East African Co-
operation (EAC);
• To publish weather and climatological summaries, bulletins and other interpreted
products
• To collect fees and charges for data, products and services rendered.

2.3 General description of the Sections

The following are the main sections I worked for in division of Research and Applied
Meteorology and Forecasting services during my practical training.

2.3.1 Library Section

The library is under the research and applied meteorology division. The TMA library is designed
to be used by the Tanzania Meteorological Agency, it compose of materials base on social
science and science of meteorology. The TMA staffs and trainee students from different
universities and colleges get some materials from this library to fulfill their research, also they
use library for normal studies which help most of them to gain knowledge as well as learning
about social science and science of meteorology. In other hand Tanzania Meteorological library
are used by trainee students to complete free time activities given from different sections such as
climatology and climate section, Hydromet section, Agromet section, and other sections.

2.3.2 Climatology and climate change section

Climatology and climate change section is the section under directorate of research and applied
meteorology service. The mainly function of this section is to receive climate data such as
Rainfall, Temperature, Relative humidity, Wind speed and wind direction, Dew point, and other
weather parameters. These data are collected from different weather stations around the country.
For every month, this section obtain Meteorological data from different stations of the country
through two forms. Soft copy form of data which comprises data through emails and others, but
also hard copy form of data which is actually obtained manually through Posta and other ways.
Climatology is the science that studies climate, its focus is on averages of weather and climatic
conditions over a long period of time. Climate change may refer to a change in average weather
conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-time average conditions. The other
functions under this section are sorting, documenting, quality checking, digitizing and put into
the database (climate data management system) known as CLIDATA and hard copy(paper form)

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storing in special room called ARCHIVE. The CLIDATA system is primary intended for
archiving of climatology data and for administration of climatology stations and station
observations. The system is designed for the Oracle database environment, which defines simple
and secure access to stored data. By virtue of the system flexibility, easy administration and
multi-language support, the system is capable of set up in any foreign country and for any
meteorological service. The system is particularly user-friendly during the definition of stations,
station observations and manual key entry of the data. The CLIDATA has multiplicity functions
such as instead of measuring one day rainfall, it can provide daily data, monthly/yearly data
(max, min, sum and average), for that case it help in calculating the interpolation of missing
values and inventory of missing data. Also CLIDATA has a package called CLIWEB which is a
data reporting tool, this tool is used for creation of predefined charts and tables. Sometimes it is
called CLIDATA GIS due to the fact that it has a package called GIS (Geographical Information
System) which is a mapping creating tool, it can map stations manually or with Google Earth to
see the correlations.
2.3.3 GIS and Research Laboratory
This section deals with conducting and support research on geographical information systems in
exploring and demarcating areas with problems. This is done by acquiring images without direct
Contact to the area and this can be done by the use of satellite, In a GIS, geographic information
is described explicitly in terms of geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude or some national
grid coordinates) or implicitly in terms of a street address, postal code.
A geographic information system or geographical information system (GIS) is a system
(computer-based tool) designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all
types of spatial or geographic information on a map. Spatial analysis example is, h ow much
forest is in a city boundary or study area? Were GIS can be used to find an answer to this
question.
This section also deals with research on climate related problems. It collaborate with other
research Institutions in the country and Internationally, Such as Sokoine University of
Agriculture (SUA), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Ardhi University (in Tanzania) and
some Universities in Norway, South Africa in doing climate change and variability research.
Those institutions deal with solving problems faced by the societies not on only climate related
problems but also other social problems

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2.3.4 Agrometeorology and remote sensing section
Agrometeorology and remote sensing section is the section under the directorate of research and
applied meteorology which deals with the studies of meteorology and agriculture. Agromet
comes from combination of two studies which are study of meteorology which studies
atmosphere and its phenomena including weather and climate and also Agriculture which involve
the practice or science of farming both cultivation of the soil for the growing of the crops and
animal keeping to provide food, wool and other products, this section deals also with data of soil
temperature, Data collected in Agromet section are those related to agriculture like; - Soil
temperature, and the instrument used to measure the soil temperature is Soil Thermometer.
Surface temperature Agromet section intended to know are 5cm, 10 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 100
cm, Phenological phases which looks for the plant development from seed germination to the
formation of new seed and how it correlate with weather. Agromet section are responsible also
for providing weather advice to the farmers through weather forecasts and outlooks issued by
Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), updating climatic model like CMT model, data
analysis by using surfer package. Sometimes it become difficult for the farmers to interpret the
forecasts information provided by TMA, the main function of Agromet section is to interpret
forecasts (10-days weather forecasts because it’s the maximum period for the seed to grow up)
called decadal resulted from data collected in a simple language for the farmers to understand.

2.3.5 Hydrometeorology section

Hydrometeorology section is the section under the directorate of research and applied
meteorology. This section deals with processing, analyzing and archiving hydrometeorological
data from different meteorological stations in Tanzania, this section deals also with computing
rainfall intensities frequencies and duration per each month in a year. The rainfall intensities are
used in projects like construction of urban drainage and airport. Hydrometeorology is the
combination of two studies those are Hydrology which specialize with the study of water and
Meteorology which studies atmosphere and its phenomena in general including weather and
climate. One of the major responsibilities of this section is to provide annual maximum rainfall
intensities to customers, which are obtained by computational methods. This section is useful for
hydrological research purpose.

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2.3.6 Central Forecasting Office

This section deals with forecasting the weather parameters in Tanzania country, also this section
provide different services based on its subsections, those services are communication services,
modelling and numerical weather prediction services, public weather services, severe weather
services. The meteorological observation always transmitted to the Central Forecast Office
immediately and in the right format once after being done. The observations at the stations are
not useful unless the data reaches the forecast office where it is processed and analyzed to
produce various products including weather forecasts. The central forecasting office section is
divided into five (5) subsections these are: Severe weather Forecasting desk, Forecasting
Analyst; which provide the forecasting for the whole country with cooperation with modelling
and numerical weather and severe weather. Communication; which receive weather information
from all meteorological stations around Tanzania through phone and E-mail. This subsection
exchange the Meteorological information with other Meteorological Center that is Nairobi and
Nairobi with other Nations in AFRICA REGIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK,
Numerical weather predication; which used mathematical way like second law of motion and
also primitive equation based on interpolation formula which is being explained in term of
programming language to develop different models which used in forecasting. Modelling and
Numerical weather prediction uses models like global climate models (GCM), Regional climate
models (RCM), these models working at stable environment which is called Linux. The forecast
provided by using these models are then compared with other forecasts that does not use models
and also test of models by using satellite picture in observing wind flows, moisture contents and
precipitation and Public weather service; which provide daily weather information, forecasts
and warnings, onset and cessation of seasonal rains and issuance of drought warnings. Public
weather services has weather studio provide the forecasts to the public through social media like
Facebook, tweeter and YouTube. Weather Studio receive data from communication system
section and plug them in a downloaded day satellite picture (editing whenever necessary) before
publishing them to the public. Types of forecasting done under this section are; 24 hours weather
forecasting, 5 days forecasting, 2 weeks forecasting and monthly outlook forecasting.

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2.4 Tasks and duties I performed
In my practical training at Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), I performed different tasks
and duties depending on my field study. I managed to perform duties that are relating and other
are not relating to statistician as my professional under the supervision and assistance of different
instructors from different sections such as climatology and Climate Change section, Hydromet
section, Agromet section, GIS and Research laboratory and Central Forecasting Office (CFO).

The following are the tasks and duties I performed in different sections; -

2.4.1 Checking the status of the data

Checking the status of the data involves sorting the data (arranging the data in sorted order) and
specifying for the missing data. Before sorting process begin, data was searched and collected
from Tanzania Meteorological Archives. Meteorological Archive is a place where different
Meteorological data like rainfall intensities charts, sunshine cards, rainfall cards and others are
stored for the future use and for the precaution of loss of data when a program in computer
collapse (as shown in the figure 02 and figure 03) boxes arranged in Meteorological Archives .

During my practical training I checked the status of different meteorological data depending on
section I was assigned for that week. I was assigned in the first week and second week of my
practical training. I checked the status of rainfall intensities stored in different rainfall charts, that
was sorting rainfall charts and look for the missing data in different Meteorological stations form
no:496 of different regions, also I sorted data from MUHEZA, from 1950-1997.

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Figure 2: TMA library (source TMA)

Figure 2 Appearance of TMA Archive (source TMA)

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But also I checked the status for other elements of weather in the climatology and climate
change section that I was assigned in the second week and seventh week of my practical
training. In climatology and climatic change section, I checked the status of Rainfall Cards at
MOROGORO, IRINGA, MBEYA and PWANI, DODOMA, TANGA, MWANZA.

2.4.2 Data entry and data computation using Microsoft Excel

During my practical training in Climatology and Climate Change section, the most duty I
performed was to enter data from a hard copy sheet to excel soft copy sheet. The meteorological
data that I was entered in an excel sheet was wind direction and wind speed of IRINGA station
1986,1992, 1995 from January to December . Also I enter data of Dew point, Air temperature,
pressure (QNH, Cistern level pressure (CLP) of KIA station 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015,
Also CLP of MWANZA station of 2012 and 2013 from September to December.

2.4.3 Making data analysis using meteorological software

During my practical training in Agrometeorological and remote sensing section, I learn how to
make analysis of rainfall distribution using some packages such as Instant software WRSI and
surfer program,which is mapping developing tools, also I register farmers from different districts
ofTanzania into farm SMS system for easy accessibility of Agrometeorological information .
Other task I performed under this section was data entry into Microsoft excel of soil temperature
by decadal from different Agrometeorological stations such as Tumbi (2014) met station month
from January-december, GMT hours: 0600 and 1200, depth: surface, 5cm, 10cm, 20cm.

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Figure 4 Agromet network system structure (source TMA)

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Figure 5 Agrometeorological bulletin preparation flow diagram(source TMA)

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2.4.5 Forecasting severe weather
Severe weather is any type of weather condition which has significant or adverse impact on
economic and social activities, severe weather is a dangerous meteorological weather including,
Heavy rain of about 50mm per 24 hours, Large waves of at least 2.0m, Strong winds of about
20 knot in coastal areas and other areas is at least 25 knot in height. Significant wave height to
forecast depends on arrangements of observed waves in ascending order of height and looks for

1
the average of about(height ¿ ¿ ) ¿.During my practical training at Central Forecasting Office
3
(CFO) in communication section I performed a task of recording weather parameters into
meteogram using significant weather code plotting and wind symbols and strength, I learn also
about different models used in forecasting such as WRF; UK 0.5, CPT (climatical probability
tool) model. In severe desk I did medium range forecasting of 5 days of PEMBA, ZANZIBAR,
MTWARA, and MAFIA by looking two severe case such as significant wave height and wind
speed over these coastal areas.In severe weather forecasting, the forecasting process was by
observation based on the knowledge I have on criterion for severe weather. Severe weather
forecasting divided into four categories, namely; Very short length forecasting which sometimes
called now-casting. It is the forecasting of several hours but not 24 hours, Short range forecasting
which is the forecasting of 1 day to 2 days, Medium range forecasting which is the forecasting of
more than 2 days but less than a month and Long range forecasting which is the forecasting of
more than a month. For 3 months we call it seasonal forecasting.

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Figure 6: significant weather code plotting (source TMA)

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Figure 7: wind symbols and strength (source TMA)

Also during my practical training in Forecasting section, I attend daily weather conference from
21/08/2017 up to 25/08/2017, learning about unimodal areas and bimodal areas in Tanzania
which are categorized based on the seasonal rainfall regime, where by unimodal areas have one
long season from November to April and bimodal areas include areas over north-eastern
highlands and northern coast, northern parts of Kigoma region and lake Victoria basin.

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Figure 8: Rainfall forecast base on precipitation (source TMA)

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2.5 Experiences

During my practical training I experienced a lot of things that in one way or another undermine
the performance of TMA in providing its services. TMA play a great role to the society since the
information of weather are very unique and important in different sectors and activities in a
society like Aviation industries, Agriculture sector, Construction activities and others.

During my practical training I experienced most of the factors affecting the performance of TMA
and those affecting my practical training. The following are the factors affecting TMA; -

 Inadequate stations network since the current station network does not meet the demand of
having enough meteorological data for production of daily and seasonal weather forecasts
and for adverse weather and extreme events warning.
 Lack of Modern Instruments to strengthen the performance since most modern
meteorological equipment s and instruments are very expensive.
 Inadequate funds to conduct research in climate change and other related areas
 Inadequate funds for training of staff and to Increase number of staff in various operational
areas.
 Absence of own building for TMA headquarters which can host Met. Instruments and other
operations.
 Lack of funds to rescue and digitize historical climatic data in deteriorating paper forms
(most of the data are worn out that may lead to data gaps.)
 Data gaps that limits the Meteorological research activities in Tanzania Meteorological
Agency and even in a country. That challenge of data gaps may be due to different reasons
for examples many stations have no meteorological data sets or the stations have collected
incomplete data or only selected few variables of interest.

The following are the factors that affecting my enjoyment of the work; -

 In TMA Archive, most of the data are worn out that may lead to data gaps for TMA but in
my side those deteriorated paper forms jeopardized my health condition.
 Learned few things that relates my field of study as a statistician due to in some days we
were not able to learn many things because of most of instructors were overloaded with works
 There were no work motivation (like payments, food and drinks)

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Suggestions and solutions TMA used so far in improving its performance

In order to solve such problems so as to stimulate the TMA works. The following are suggestions
and solutions,
 Due to the challenge of data gaps, there must be a proper way to prepare data in terms of
searching, collecting and organizing them, such as remote sensing method that use satellite
to collect data in places where there is no Meteorological stations. Also to increase
partnership and collaborations between TMA (national) and international research and
academic institutions in various meteorological activities to promote sharing of knowledge
and experiences. Also assessment of historical information can be used to efficiently
manage rainfall intensities data.
 For the problem of lack of funds, and modernized instruments, Government as a main
funding source should increase funds to be used to cope with problems. Also to increase
partnership and collaborations between TMA (national) and international research and
academic institutions in various meteorological activities which will help to get their
support in modernized instruments.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONCLUSION
For the case of conclusion I would like to divide it into different parts with each containing
different matters.

3.1 Results of the works

During my practical Training it exposes me in a real working environment, I was being able to
enhancing my skills, knowledge, work abilities, attitude towards the prospective career as well as
I was being exposed to managerial responsibilities. That helps me therefore to understand how to
behave and dealing in various staffs members, customers, senior employees and understanding
various fields other than my prospective career. This is through the rotation in various sections,
and for every section I was being able to complete a task that I was assigned. That helped TMA
to accomplish a lot of task though my presence at TMA.

3.2 Suitability of the place

During my practical training I enjoyed although I learnt other things which are different from my
degree programme but through practical training I get new ideas and knowledge, flexibility and
adaptability labor forces that are eager to work well in teams and do also build closer links with
colleagues and students from other universities. Based on my career the following are the things
that I learned from different sections; -

 As a Statistician, the process of collecting data is inevitable, in communication system

section comprise the process of collecting data. Based on different models, they can be
useful in providing forecasts, in statistics we use regression models in providing predictions
but there are other models used in meteorological sciences in providing weather forecasts.
Lesson learned is for every data obtained they can be analyzed, interpreted, presented and
disseminated to provide a useful information that can also be useful in providing the future
values (forecasts).
 The importance of research nowadays cannot be overlooked. Almost everything, even the
technology that we enjoy, is a byproduct of research. Therefore research is a very practical
way of discovering possible answers to existing problems. As a statistician in finding
solutions to the problems, during the process many questions rose so required to make
research as a continuous process

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  As a Statistician, the usefulness of the existing statistics has improved by checking the
status of meteorological data that was to sort data (storage of data in sorted order) and
looking for the missing data which is the integral part of data analysis in statistics.
 Also I have got a skill of using an excel program to analyze the data obtained from
different meteorological station in the country. By comparing with what I have learned at
the universities, I was able to use Microsoft Excel to compute different basic statistics.

Other benefits I learned different from my field of study as statistician includes different models
that used in forecasting (but here is weather forecasting), provider of those models and data
updated by National Oceanic Administration (NOA) from North America, European Centre for
Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) from Reading, UK. Those have an agreement
with TMA.

Also I was able to use a little bit other database related to meteorological activities, how they
store data but also how they are able to calculating the missing data example CLIDATA, I was
able to saw a satellite picture and is used in providing a forecasts by comparing with forecast
from models like global climate models (GCM), Regional climate models (RCM), these models
working at stable environment which is called Linux (World's most popular open source (non-
proprietary) computer operating system (OS), favored because of its proven efficiency,
dependability, and reliability).

Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) is suitable as a location for practical training for
statisticians since apart from lessons they will learn relating to statistics but also they will acquire
new knowledge related to meteorology. Because meteorological sciences are awash with data and
analyses are undertaken because it’s known, suspected or hoped that those data contains
information about a natural phenomenon of interest and which can be exposed or better
understood through the statistical analysis.

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3.3 Recommendations
For the case of work place, I recommend that TMA should collaborate with other institutions
such as non-governmental organization in making sure that they provide correct and accurate
services to its users.

I recommend that the department of statistics to restructuring teaching methods by adding

Computer course that we will learn different programming because they are very useful in most
of institutions and they increase new knowledge for statistics student in order to obtain good
statistician.

Finally, I recommend for continuation for locating students to practical training since students
increase more skills and competences concerning with the office activities, also they will know
how to care the customers, personality, Ability of working under pressure and meet deadlines,
Analytical Skills, Communication Skills, Self Confidence and trust, Team working and Working
under minimum supervision.

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REFERENCES

www.meteo.go.tz

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