(HIV/AIDS) - Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune

deficiency syndrome is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection

with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Following initial infection, a
person may not notice any symptoms or may experience a brief period of
influenza-like illness. Typically, this is followed by a prolonged period with
no symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more with the
immune system, increasing the risk of developing common infections such
as tuberculosis, as well as other opportunistic infections, and tumors that
rarely affect people who have working immune systems. These late
symptoms of infection are referred to as acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). This stage is often also associated with unintended
weight loss.

Dengue - is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms

typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. This may include a
high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a
characteristic skin rash. Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a
small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening
dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood
platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome,
where dangerously low blood pressure occurs.

Dengvaxia - is the name of a vaccine against dengue fever. It is also the name of a
corruption scandal in the Philippines that involved the deaths of children
inoculated with the vaccine.

Filariasis - is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the

Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and
mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called
helminthiases.

Diabetes - is a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar

(glucose) in the blood. Insulin produced by the pancreas lowers blood
glucose. Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the
body to properly use insulin causes diabetes.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) - is a disease spread through mosquito bites. Symptoms

usually take 5-15 days to develop and include fever, headache, vomiting,
confusion, and difficulty moving. Symptoms that develop later include
swelling around the brain and coma. JE is a serious disease that may
cause death.
Osteoporosis - is a bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone,
makes too little bone, or both. As a result, bones become weak and
may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor
bumps. Osteoporosis means “porous bone.”

Solar power - is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly
using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or
a combination. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or
mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a
small beam. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current
using the photovoltaic effect.

Cancer cells - are cells that divide relentlessly, forming solid tumors or flooding the
blood with abnormal cells. Cell division is a normal process used by the
body for growth and repair. A parent cell divides to form two daughter
cells, and these daughter cells are used to build new tissue, or to
replace cells that have died because of aging or damage. Healthy cells
stop dividing when there is no longer a need for more daughter cells,
but cancer cells continue to produce copies. They are also able to
spread from one part of the body to another in a process known as
metastasis.

Health science - is the discipline of applied science which deals with human and
animal health. There are two parts to health science: the study,
research, and knowledge of health and the application of that
knowledge to improve health, cure diseases, and understanding how
humans and animals function.