ĐẠI HỌC HÀNG HẢI VIỆT NAM

VIỆN CƠ KHÍ
***
BỘ MÔN: KỸ THUẬT CƠ KHÍ

PHIẾU GIAO BÀI TẬP LỚN MÔN HỌC

HỌC PHẦN: HỆ THỐNG TRUYỀN ĐỘNG THUỶ LỰC KHÍ NÉN
MÃ HỌC PHẦN: 22608

Giảng viên hướng dẫn: Vũ Văn Duy

Tên sinh viên thực hiện:
ĐỀ BÀI:

PHẦN 1: TĨNH HỌC

P 1. The hydraulic jack in Fig. 1 is

filled with oil at 56 lbf/ft3. Neglecting
the weight of the two pistons, what
force F on the handle is required to
support the 2000-lbf weight for this
design?

Figure 1
P 2. At 20°C gage A reads 350 kPa
absolute. What is the height h of the
water in cm? What should gage B
read in kPa absolute? See Fig 2.
Figure 2
P 3. The fuel gage for a gasoline tank
in a car reads proportional to the
bottom gage pressure as in Fig 3. If
the tank is 30 cm deep and
accidentally contains 2 cm of water
plus gasoline, how many centimeters
of air remain at the top when the
gage erroneously reads “full”?

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Figure 3
P 4. In Fig 4 all fluids are at 20°C.
Determine the pressure difference
(Pa) between points A and B.
Figure 4
P 5. In Fig 5 the pressure at point A is
25 lbf/in2. All fluids are at 20°C. What
is the air pressure in the closed
chamber B, in Pa?
Figure 5
P 6. An 8-cm-diameter piston
compresses manometer oil into an
inclined 7-mm-diameter tube, as
shown in Fig 6. When a weight W is
added to the top of the piston, the oil
rises an additional distance of 10 cm
up the tube, as shown. How large is
the weight, in N?
Figure 6.
P 7. A pump slowly introduces
mercury into the bottom of the
closed tank in Fig 7. At the instant
shown, the air pressure pB = 80 kPa.
The pump stops when the air pres-
sure rises to 110 kPa. All fluids
remain at 20°C. What will be the
manometer reading h at that time, in
cm, if it is connected to standard sea-
level ambient air patm?
Figure 7
P 8. Gate AB in Fig 8 is 1.2 m long and
0.8 m into the paper. Neglecting
atmospheric pressure, compute the
force F on the gate and its center-of-
pressure position X.
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 Figure 8
P 9. Panel ABC in the slanted side of a
water tank is an isosceles triangle Figure 10
with the vertex at A and the base BC
P 11. In Fig 11, the cover gate AB
= 2 m, as in Fig 9. Find the water
closes a circular opening 80 cm in
force on the panel and its line of
diameter. The gate is held closed by a
action
200-kg mass as shown. Assume
standard gravity at 20°C. At what
water level h will the gate be
dislodged? Neglect the weight of the
gate.

Figure 9
P 10. Gate AB in Fig 10 is 5 ft wide Figure 11
into the paper, hinged at A, and
P 12. Gate AB has length L, width b
restrained by a stop at B. The water
into the paper, is hinged at B, and has
is at 20°C. Compute (a) the force on
negligible weight. The liquid level h
stop B and (b) the reactions at A if
remains at the top of the gate for any
the water depth h = 9.5 ft.
angle θ. Find an analytic expression
for the force P, perpendicular to AB,
required to keep the gate in
equilibrium in Fig 12.
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Figure 12
P 13. Find the net hydrostatic force
per unit width on the rectangular
gate AB in Fig 13 and its line of
action.
Figure 13
P 14. Gate AB in Fig 14 is 15 ft long
and 8 ft wide into the paper and is
hinged at B with a stop at A. The
water is at 20°C. The gate is 1-in-
thick steel, SG = 7.85. Compute the
water level h for which the gate will
start to fall.
Figure 14
P 15. The tank in Fig 15 has a 4-cm-
diameter plug at the bottom on the
right. All fluids are at 20°C. The plug
will pop out if the hydrostatic force
on it is 25 N. For this condition, what
will be the reading h on the mercury
manometer on the left side?
Figure 15
P 16. Gate AB in Fig 16 is
semicircular, hinged at B, and held by
a horizontal force P at A. What force
P is required for equilibrium?
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Figure 16
P 17. The water tank in Fig. 17 is
pressurized, as shown by the
mercury-manometer reading.
Determine the hydrostatic force per
unit depth on gate AB.
Figure 18
P 19. The circular gate ABC in Fig 19
has a 1-m radius and is hinged at B.
Compute the force P just sufficient to
keep the gate from opening when A =
8m. Neglect atmospheric pressure.

Figure 17
P 18. Gate AB in Fig 18 is 5 ft wide Figure 19
into the paper and opens to let fresh
P 20. Gate ABC in Fig 20 is 1 m square
water out when the ocean tide is
and is hinged at B. It will open
dropping. The hinge at A is 2 ft above
automatically when the water level h
the freshwater level. At what ocean
becomes high enough. Determine the
level h will the gate first open?
lowest height for which the gate will
Neglect the gate weight.
open. Neglect atmospheric pressure.

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Is this result independent of the
liquid density?

Figure 22
P 23. Compute the horizontal and
vertical components of the hy-
drostatic force on the hemispherical
bulge at the bottom of the tank in Fig
23.
Figure 20
P 21. Gate AB in Fig 21 is a quarter
circle 10 ft wide into the paper and
hinged at B. Find the force F just
sufficient to keep the gate from
opening. The gate is uniform and
weighs 3000 lbf.

Figure 23
P 24. The bottle of champagne (SG =
0.96) in Fig 24 is under pressure, as
shown by the mercury-manometer
reading. Compute the net force on
the 2-in-radius hemispherical end
Figure 21 cap at the bottom of the bottle.
P 22. Compute the horizontal and
vertical components of the hy-
drostatic force on the quarter-circle
panel at the bottom of the water tank
in Fig 22.

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Figure 24
P 25. A 1-ft-diameter hole in the
bottom of the tank in Fig 25 is closed
by a conical 45° plug. Neglecting the
weight of the plug, compute the force
F required to keep the plug in the
hole.
Figure 25
P 26 The hemispherical dome in Fig.
26 weighs 30 kN and is filled with
water and attached to the floor by six
equally spaced bolts. What is the
force in each bolt required to hold
down the dome?
Figure 26
P 27. A 4 -m-diameter water tank
consists of two half cylinders, each
weighing 4.5 kN/m, bolted together
as shown in Fig 27. If the support of
the end caps is neglected, determine
the force induced in each bolt
Figure 27
P 28. The uniform body A in Fig 28
has width b into the paper and is in
static equilibrium when pivoted
about hinge O. What is the specific
gravity of this body if (a) h = 0 and
(b) h = Rl
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Figure 28
P 29. A 2-ft-diameter sphere
weighing 400 lbf closes a 1-ft-di-
ameter hole in the bottom of the tank
in Fig 29 Compute the force F
required to dislodge the sphere from
the hole.
Figure 29
P 30. A tank of water 4 m deep
receives a constant upward ac-
celeration az. Determine (a) the gage
pressure at the tank bottom if az = 5
m2/s and (b) the value of az which
causes the gage pressure at the tank
bottom to be 1 atm.
P 31. The tank of liquid in Fig 30
accelerates to the right with the fluid
in rigid-body motion, (a) Compute ax
in m/s2. (b) Why doesn’t the solution
to part (a) depend upon the density
of the fluid? (c) Determine the gage
pressure at point A if the fluid is
glycerin at 20°C.
Figure 30
P 32. Suppose the U-tube in Fig.
P2.150 is not translated but rather
rotated about its right leg at 95
r/min. What will be the level h in the
left leg if L = 18 cm and D = 5 mm?
P 33. A very deep 18-cm-diameter
can contains 12 cm of water overlaid
with 10 cm of SAE 30 oil. If the can is
rotated in rigid-body motion about
its central axis at 150 r/min, what
will be the shapes of the air-oil and
oil-water interfaces? What will be the
maximum fluid pressure in the can in
Pa (gage)?
PHẦN 2 ĐỘNG HỌC
P 34. When the pump in Fig 31
draws 220 m3/h of water at 20°C
from the reservoir, the total friction
head loss is 5 m. The flow discharges
through a nozzle to the atmosphere.
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Estimate the pump power in kW
delivered to the water
Figure 31
P 35. When the pump in Fig. 31
delivers 25 kW of power P1 to the
water, the friction head loss is 4 m.
Estimate (a) the exit velocity Ve and
(b) the flow rate Q
P 36. Consider a turbine extracting
energy from a penstock in a dam, as
in Fig 32. For turbulent pipe flow, the
friction head loss is approximately hf
= CQ2, where the constant C depends
upon penstock dimensions and the
properties of water. Show that, for a
given penstock geometry and
variable river flow g, the maximum
turbine power possible in this case is
Pmax  2 gHQ / 3 and occurs when the
flow rate is Q  H / 3C .
Figure 32
P 37. The pump-turbine system in Fig
33 draws water from the upper
reservoir in the daytime to produce
power for a city. At night, it pumps
water from lower to upper reservoirs
to restore the situation. For a design
flow rate of 15,000 gal/min in either
direction, the friction head loss is 17
ft. Estimate the power in kW (a)
extracted by the turbine and (b)
delivered by the pump.
Figure 33
P 38. A pump is to deliver water at
20°C from a pond to an elevated tank.
The pump is 1 m above the pond, and
the tank free surface is 20 m above
the pump. The head loss in the
system is h f  cQ2 , where c = 0.08
h2/m5. If the pump is 72 percent
efficient and is driven by a 500-W
motor, what flow rate Q m3/h will
result?
P 39. A fireboat draws seawater (SG
= 1.025) from a submerged pipe and
discharges it through a nozzle, as in
Fig 34. The total head loss is 6.5 ft. If
the pump efficiency is 75 percent,
what horsepower motor is required
to drive it?
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Figure 34
P 40. The horizontal pump in Fig 35
discharges 20°C water at 57 m3/h.
Neglecting losses, what power in kW
is delivered to the water by the
pump?
Figure 35
P 41. Steam enters a horizontal
turbine at 350 lbf/in2 absolute,
580°C, and 12 ft/s and is discharged
at 110 ft/s and 25°C saturated
conditions. The mass flow is 2.5
lbm/s, and the heat losses are 7
Btu/lb of steam. If head losses are
negligible, how much horsepower
does the turbine develop?
P 42. Water at 20°C is pumped at
1500 gal/min from the lower to the
upper reservoir, as in Fig 36. Pipe
friction losses are approximated by
h f  27V 2 /  2 g  , where V is the aver-
age velocity in the pipe. If the pump
is 75 percent efficient, what
horsepower is needed to drive it?
Figure 36
P 43. The pump in Fig 37 creates a
20°C water jet oriented to travel a
maximum horizontal distance.
System friction head losses are 6.5 m.
The jet may be approximated by the
trajectory of frictionless particles.
What power must be delivered by
the pump?
Figure 37
P 44. The large turbine in Fig 38
diverts the river flow under a dam as
shown. System friction losses are hf =
3.5V2/(2g), where V is the average
velocity in the supply pipe. For what
river flow rate in m3/s will the power
extracted be 25 MW? Which of the
two possible solutions has a better
“conversion efficiency”?
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Figure 38
P 45. Kerosine at 20°C flows through
the pump in Fig 39 at 2.3 ft3/s. Head
losses between 1 and 2 are 8 ft, and
the pump delivers 8 hp to the flow.
What should the mercury-
manometer reading h ft be?
Figure 39
P 46. A jet of alcohol strikes the
vertical plate in Fig 40. A force
F  425 N is required to hold the plate
stationary. Assuming there are no
losses in the nozzle, estimate (a) the
mass flow rate of alcohol and (b) the
absolute pressure at section 1.
Figure 40
P 47. A free liquid jet, as in Fig 41,
has constant ambient pressure and
small losses; hence from Bernoulli’s
equation z + V2/(2g) is constant
along the jet. For the fire nozzle in
the figure, what are (a) the minimum
and (b) the maximum values of 6 for
which the water jet will clear the
comer of the building? For which
case will the jet velocity be higher
when it strikes the roof of the
building?
Figure 41
P 48. For the container of Fig 42 use
Bernoulli’s equation to derive a
formula for the distance X where the
free jet leaving horizontally will
strike the floor, as a function of h and
H. For what ratio h/H will X be
maximum? Sketch the three
trajectories for h/H = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6
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Figure 42
P 49. In Fig 43 the exit nozzle is
horizontal. If losses are negligible,
what should the water level h cm be
for the free jet to just clear the wall?
Figure 44
P 51. The liquid in Fig 45 is kerosine
at 20°C. Estimate the flow rate from
the tank for (a) no losses and (b) pipe
losses

Figure 45
P 52. In Fig 46 the piston drives
water at 20°C. Neglecting losses,
estimate the exit velocity V2 ft/s. If D2
Figure 43 is further constricted, what is the
P 50. A necked-down section in a maximum possible value of V2.
pipe flow, called a venturi, develops a
low throat pressure which can
aspirate fluid upward from a
reservoir, as in Fig 44. Using
Bernoulli’s equation with no losses,
derive an expression for the velocity
Vi which is just sufficient to bring Figure 46
reservoir fluid into the throat.

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PHẦN 3: TRUYỀN ĐỘNG THUỶ LỰC.

Bài 1: Cho các mạch thuỷ lực như hình vẽ

Figure 47: Skip handling

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Figure 48: Assembly device

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Figure 49: Drilling machine

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 a. Nêu tên các phần tử trong mạch
b. Nêu nguyên lý hoạt động của các mạch thuỷ lực đã cho
c. Nêu các bước tính toán mạch thuỷ lực đã cho

PHẦN 4: HỆ THỐNG ĐIỀU KHIỂN BẰNG KHÍ NÉN.

Bài 1: Cho các mạch điều khiển bằng khí nén như hình vẽ

Figure 50: Separating out plain pins

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 Figure 51: Edge folding device
a. Nêu tên các phần tử trong mạch
b. Nêu nguyên lý hoạt động của các mạch khí nén đã cho

Bài tập lớn của các bạn sinh viên gồm có các bài như sau

Phần 1: Tĩnh học

Bài: 2,5,7,9,10,14,15,16,17,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,31,33

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Phần 2: Động lực học

Bài : 34,37,39,40,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51

Phần 3,4 Truyền động thuỷ lực và khí nén

Hoàn thành tất cả các mạch thuỷ lực và khí nén đã cho

Yêu cầu bài tập lớn

 Bài tập lớn được viết bằng tay trên khổ giấy A4
 Đóng thành quyển nộp lại cho Thầy hướng dẫn
 Hình vẽ bảng biểu phải được trình bày ngay ngắn rõ ràng bằng thước kẻ,
compa.

Các bạn sinh viên nào không hoàn thành đầy đủ các yêu cầu của bài tập lớn sẽ
không được dự thi kết thúc học phần

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