CT Handbook.

book Page i Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Section 1 General Information

Unit Conversions ................................................................................. 1-1

Acceleration .................................................................................. 1-1
Angular .......................................................................................... 1-2
Area .............................................................................................. 1-2
Density .......................................................................................... 1-5
Electrical ....................................................................................... 1-6
Energy/Torque/Power ................................................................... 1-6
Flow Rate ...................................................................................... 1-11
Force/Mass/Weight ....................................................................... 1-11
Length ........................................................................................... 1-15
Pressure ........................................................................................ 1-18
Rotation ......................................................................................... 1-20
Time .............................................................................................. 1-20
Velocity ......................................................................................... 1-21
Volume .......................................................................................... 1-23
Fractional Decimal Equivalents ........................................................... 1-27
Temperature Conversions ................................................................... 1-28
API Conversion Table .......................................................................... 1-29
Buoyancy Factors for Steel Pipe In Various Weight Fluids ................. 1-30
Gas Pressure Conversion Factors ...................................................... 1-32
Shear Strengths of Common Shear Pin Material ................................ 1-32
Conversion Table for Hardness Testing .............................................. 1-33
Boyle's Gas Law .................................................................................. 1-33
Ideal Gas Law ...................................................................................... 1-34
Pipe Bouyancy ..................................................................................... 1-35
Nozzle Calculations ............................................................................. 1-36
Useful Formulas .................................................................................. 1-37
Temperature Conversions ............................................................ 1-37
Volume Capacity of Pipes ............................................................. 1-37
Approximate Volume of Hose ....................................................... 1-37
Velocity ......................................................................................... 1-37
Hydraulics ..................................................................................... 1-37
Volumes ........................................................................................ 1-38
Mud Pit Calculation ....................................................................... 1-38
Pipe Displacement ........................................................................ 1-38
ID .................................................................................................. 1-38
Area of Tubing Wall ...................................................................... 1-38
Tubing Weight Per Foot (Wall Thickness Unknown) .................... 1-38
Tubing Weight Per Foot ................................................................ 1-38
CT Handbook.book Page ii Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Buoyancy Factor ............................................................................ 1-38

Weight of Tubing in Fluid ............................................................... 1-39
Load Capacity at Minimum Yield ................................................... 1-39
Pressure Capacity ......................................................................... 1-39
Pipe Capacity in Barrels Per Linear Foot ....................................... 1-39
Annular Volume in Barrels Per Linear Foot ................................... 1-39
Annular Velocity, ft/min .................................................................. 1-39
Time to Displace ............................................................................ 1-39
Fluid Pressure Gradient ................................................................. 1-39
Hydrostatic Pressure ..................................................................... 1-39
Bottomhole Pressure ..................................................................... 1-40
Kill Fluid Weight ............................................................................. 1-40
Stretch Due to Weight in Hole, ft ................................................... 1-40
"Free Point" for Stuck Tubing or the Length of Free Pipe .............. 1-40
Elongation Due to Temperature, ft ................................................ 1-40
Specific Gravity of Oil from API ..................................................... 1-40
Thermal Gradient, °F / ft ................................................................ 1-40
KCL in lb for % Needed ................................................................. 1-41
Rate of Travel with Coiled Tubing ................................................. 1-41
Pump Rate ..................................................................................... 1-41
Physical Constants ........................................................................ 1-41
Coiled Tubing Glossary ........................................................................ 1-42
Coiled Tubing Cable Installation System .............................................. 1-51
Cables and Slickline Information .......................................................... 1-54
Slicklines - Minimum Breaking Loads ............................................ 1-54
Swablines - Minimum Breaking Loads ........................................... 1-54
GD Stainless and Special Alloy Wirelines ..................................... 1-54
Camesa, Inc.™ Cable Type Designation ....................................... 1-55
Commonly Used Cables: Electric Lines ......................................... 1-56
VannGun™ Assemblies ....................................................................... 1-56
1 9/16-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................. 1-57
2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ......................................... 1-57
2 1/2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-58
2 3/4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-58
2 7/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-59
2 7/8-in. Heavy Wall Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................ 1-59
3 3/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-59
4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ......................................... 1-61
4 5/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-62
4 3/4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-65
5-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ......................................... 1-66
5 1/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-67
5 3/4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-68
6-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ......................................... 1-68
6 1/2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ................................... 1-69
6 1/2-in. High-Pressure Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ........... 1-69
CT Handbook.book Page iii Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

7-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies ......................................... 1-70

Gun Washover/Fishing Specifications ........................................... 1-71
O-ring Dimensions ................................................................................ 1-72
Displacing Fluid from Coiled Tubing with Nitrogen ............................... 1-74
Procedure ...................................................................................... 1-74
Using Nitrogen Bottles for Purging Coiled Tubing ......................... 1-78
Coiled Tubing and Corrosion ................................................................ 1-79
Procedures to Minimize CT Corrosion ........................................... 1-79
Corrosive fluids .............................................................................. 1-81
Coiled Tubing Storage Guidelines ................................................. 1-84
Pre-Job Guidelines ........................................................................ 1-88
Post-Job Guidelines ...................................................................... 1-89
Maintenance Recommendations, Special Cases .......................... 1-91
References .................................................................................... 1-93
CT Handbook.book Page iv Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM
CT Handbook.book Page 1 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Section 1

General Information
Unit Conversions

Acceleration
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.03281 ft/second/second
centimeters/ 0.036 kilometers/hour/second
second/second 0.01 meters/second/second
0.02237 miles/hour/second
30.48 centimeters/second/second
1.097 kms/hour/second
ft/second/second
0.3048 meters/second/second
0.6818 miles/hour/second
27.78 centimeters/hour/second
0.9113 foot/second/second
kilometers/hour/second
0.2778 meters/second/second
0.6214 miles/hour/second
100 centimeters/second/second
3.281 foot/second/second
meters/second/second
3.6 kilometers/hour/second
2.237 miles/hour/second
44.7 centimeters/second/second
1.467 ft/second/second
miles/hour/second
1.609 kilometers/hour/second
0.447 meters/second/second
572.9578 revolutions/minute/minute
radians/second/second 9.549 revolutions/minute/second
0.1592 revolutions/second/second
1.75E-03 radians/second/second
revolutions/minute/minute 0.01667 revolutions/minute/minute
2.78E-04 revolutions/second/second
6.283 radians/second/second
revolutions/second/second 3600 revolutions/minute/minute
60 revolutions/minute/second

September 2005 General Information 1-1

CT Handbook.book Page 2 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Angular
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.01111 quadrants
degrees (angle) 0.01745 radians
3600 seconds
ft/100 ft 1 percent grade
1.85E-04 quadrants
2.91E-04 radians
minutes (angles)
0.01667 degrees
60 seconds
1.571 radians
90 degrees
quadrants (angle)
5400 minutes
3.24E+05 seconds
57.29578 degrees
radians 3438 minutes
2.06E+05 seconds
3.09E-06 quadrants
4.85E-06 radians
seconds (angle)
2.78E-04 degrees
0.01666667 minutes

Area
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.4047 hectare or square hectometer
10 square chain (Gunter's)
acre
100000 square links (Gunter's)
160 square rods
43560 cubic ft
acre-ft
325900 gal
43560 square ft
4047 square meters
acres
0.001562 square miles
4840 square yards
centares (centiares) 1 square meters

1-2 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 3 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Area (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
5.07E-06 square centimeters
circular mils 7.85E-07 square in.
0.7854 square mils
2.471 acres
hectares
107600 square ft
1.97E+05 circular mils
3.86E-11 square miles
100 square millimeters
square centimeters 1.20E-04 square yards
1.08E-03 square ft
0.155 square in.
0.0001 square meters
2.30E-05 acres
1.83E+08 circular mils
929 square centimeters
144 square in.
square ft
0.0929 square meters
3.59E-08 square miles
9.29E+04 square millimeters
0.1111 square yards
1.27E+06 circular mils
6.452 square centimeters
6.94E-03 square ft
square in.
645.2 square millimeters
1.00E+06 square mils
7.72E-04 square yards
247.1 Inch acres
1.00E+10 square centimeters
1.08E+07 square ft
square kilometers 1.55E+09 square in.
1.00E+06 square meters
0.3861 square miles
1.20E+06 square yards

September 2005 General Information 1-3

CT Handbook.book Page 4 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Area (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
2.47E-04 acres
1.00E+04 square centimeters
10.76 square ft
square meters 1550 square in.
3.86E-07 square miles
1.00E+06 square millimeters
1.196 square yards
640 acres
2.79E+07 square ft
square miles 2.59 square kilometers
2.59E+06 square meters
3.10E+06 square yards
1973 circular mils
0.01 square centimeters
square millimeters
1.08E-05 square ft
1.55E-03 square in.
1.273 circular mils
square mils 6.45E-06 square centimeters
1.00E-06 square in.
2.07E-04 acres
8361 square centimeters
9 square ft
square yards 1296 square in.
0.8361 square meters
3.23E-07 square miles
8.36E+05 square millimeters

1-4 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 5 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Density
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
grains/imp. gallon 14.286 parts/million
17.118 parts/million
grains/US gallon
142.86 lb/million gallon
62.43 lb/cubic ft
grams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 lb/cubic inch
3.41E-07 lb/mil-foot
grams/liter 58.417 grains/gallon
grams/liter 8.345 lb/1000 gallon
grams/liter 0.062427 lb/cubic foot
62.43 lb/cubic foot
grams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 lb/cubic inch
3.41E-07 lb/mil-foot
0.001 grams/cubic centimeter
0.06243 pound/cubic foot
3.61E-05 lb/cubic inch
3.41E-10 lb/mil-foot
kilograms/cubic meter
3.28E-03 ft of water
2.90E-03 in. of mercury
0.2048 lb/square foot
1.42E-03 lb/square inch
0.01602 grams/cubic centimeter
16.02 kilograms/cubic meter
5.79E-04 lb/cubic inch
5.46E-09 lb/mil-foot
0.13368 lb/gallon
lb/cubic foot
27.68 gms/cubic centimeter
2.77E+04 kilograms/cubic meter
1728 lb/cubic foot
9.43E-06 lb/mil-foot
231 lb/gallon
7.48052 lb/cubic foot
lb/gallon
0.004329 lb/cubic inch
lb/mil-foot 2.31E+06 gms/cubic centimeter
0.07016 grains/imperial gallon
parts/million 0.0584 grains/U.S. gallon
8.345 lb/million gallon

September 2005 General Information 1-5

CT Handbook.book Page 6 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Electrical
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
3.00E+09 statcoulombs
coulombs
1.04E-05 faradays
64.52 coulombs/square inch
coulombs/square centimeter
10000 coulombs/square meter
0.155 coulombs/square centimeter
coulombs/square inch
1550 coulombs/square meter
0.0001 coulombs/square centimeter
coulombs/square meter
0.0006452 coulombs/square inch
faraday/second 96500 ampere (absolute)
26.8 ampere-hours
faradays
96490 coulombs
farads 1000000 microfarads
international ampere 0.9998 ampere (absolute)
96540 joules
International volt
1.59E-19 joules (absolute)
1.00E+12 microhms
megohms
1.00E+06 ohms
microfarad 1.00E-06 farads
microhms 1.00E-06 ohms
ohm (international) 1.0005 ohm (absolute)
1.00E-06 megohms
ohms
1.00E+06 microhms

Energy/Torque/Power
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
1.06E+10 ergs
778.3 foot-lbs
252 gram-calories
0.0003931 horsepower-hours
Btu
1054.8 joules
0.252 kilogram-calories
107.5 kilogram-meters
0.0002928 kilowatt-hours
0.2162 foot-lb/second
0.07 gram-cal/second
Btu/hour
0.0003929 horsepower-hours
0.2931 watts

1-6 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 7 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Energy/Torque/Power (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
12.96 foot-lbs/second
0.02356 horsepower
Btu/minute
0.01757 kilowatts
17.57 watts
Btu/square ft/minute 0.1221 watts/square inch
1.56E-06 horsepower-hour
1.58E-06 horsepower-hour (metric)
calorie
4.1868 joule
1.16E-06 kilowatt-hour
calorie, gram (mean) 0.00396832 Btu (mean)
dynes/square centimeter 0.000001 bars
9.48E-11 Btu
1 dyne-centimeters
7.37E-08 foot-lb
2.39E-08 gram-calories
0.00102 grams-centimeters
ergs 3.73E-14 horsepower-hours
0.0000001 joules
2.39E-11 kg-calories
1.02E-08 kg-meters
2.78E-14 kilowatt-hours
2.78E-11 watt-hours
5.69E-06 Btu/minute
1 dyne-centimeter/second
4.43E-06 foot-lbs/minute
ergs/second 7.38E-08 foot-lbs/second
1.34E-10 horsepower
1.43E-09 kg-calories/minute
1.00E-10 kilowatts
0.001286 Btu
1.36E+07 ergs
0.3238 gram-calories
5.05E-07 hp-hours
foot-lb
1.356 joules
0.000324 kg-calories
0.1383 kg-meters
3.77E-07 kilowatt-hours

September 2005 General Information 1-7

CT Handbook.book Page 8 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Energy/Torque/Power (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.001286 Btu/minute
0.01667 foot-lb/second
foot-lb/minute 0.0000303 horsepower
0.000324 kg-calories/minute
0.0000226 kilowatts
4.6263 Btu/hour
0.07717 Btu/minute
foot-lb/second 8.18E-04 horsepower
1.01945 kg-calories/minute
0.001356 kilowatts
0.0039683 Btu
9.30E-08 Btu
4.19E-07 ergs
gram-calories 3.088 foot-lb
1.56E-06 horsepower-hours
1.16E-06 kilowatt-hours
0.001163 watt-hours
gram-calories/second 14.286 Btu/hour
980.7 ergs
980700 joules
gram-centimeters
2.34E+08 kg-cal
100000 kg-meters
grams/square centimeter 2.0481 lb/square foot
hectowatts 100 watts
42.44 Btu/minute
33000 foot-lbs/minute
550 foot-lbs/second
horsepower
10.68 kg-calories/minute
0.7457 kilowatts
745.7 watts
33479 Btu/hour
horsepower (boiler)
9.803 kilowatts
horsepower (metric) 0.9863 horsepower

1-8 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 9 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Energy/Torque/Power (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
2547 Btu
2.68E+13 ergs
1980000 foot-lbs
641190 gram-calories
horsepower-hours
2684000 joules
641.1 kg-calories
273700 kg-meters
0.7457 kilowatt-hours
9.48E-04 Btu
10000000 ergs
0.7376 foot-lb
joules
0.0002389 kg-calories
0.102 kg-meters
0.0002778 watt-hours
9.29E-03 Btu
9.80E+07 ergs
7.233 foot-lb
kilogram-meters
9.804 joules
2.34E-03 kg-calories
2.72E-06 kilowatt-hours
3413 Btu
3.60E+13 ergs
2.66E+06 foot-lbs
859850 gram-calories
1.341 horsepower-hours
kilowatt-hours
3.60E+06 joules
860.5 kg-calories
3.67E+05 kg-meters
22.75 lbs of water from 62°-212°F
3.53 lbs of water evap. at 212°F
56.92 Btu/minute
4.43E+04 foot-lbs/minute
737.6 foot-lbs/second
kilowatts
1.341 horsepower
14.34 kg-calories/minute
1000 watts
9.81E+07 centimeter-dynes
meter-kilograms 1.00E+05 centimeter-grams
7.233 lb-ft

September 2005 General Information 1-9

CT Handbook.book Page 10 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Energy/Torque/Power (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
1.36E+07 centimeter-dynes
lb-ft 13825 centimeter-grams
0.1383 meter-kilograms
lb/foot 1.488 kilograms/meter
lb/inch 178.6 gms/centimeter
watt (international) 1.0002 watt (absolute)
centigrams 0.01 grams
0.00102 centimeter-grams
centimeter-dynes 1.02E-08 meter-kilograms
7.38E-08 lb-ft
centimeter-grams 980.7 centimeter-dynes
centimeter-grams 0.00001 meter-kilograms
centimeter-grams 0.07233 lb-ft
3.413 Btu
3.60E+10 ergs
2656 foot-lb
859.85 gram-calories
watt-hours
1.34E-03 horsepower-hours
0.8605 kilogram-calories
367.2 kilogram-meters
0.001 kilowatt-hours
3.4129 Btu/hour
0.05688 Btu/minute
107 erg/second
44.27 foot-lbs/minute
watts 0.7378 foot-lbs/second
1.34E-03 horsepower
1.36E-03 horsepower (metric)
0.01433 kg-calories/minute
0.001 kilowatts
0.056884 Btu (mean)/minute
watts (absolute)
1 joules/second

1-10 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 11 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Flow Rate
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
472 cubic centimeters/second
0.1247 gal/second
cubic ft/minute 0.472 liters/second
62.43 lb of water/minute
.028317 cubic meters/minute
448.831 gal/minute
cubic ft/second
0.646317 million gal/day
0.45 cubic ft/second
cubic yards/minute 3.367 gal/second
12.74 liters/second
cubic meters/minute 35.314 cubic ft/minute
8.0208 cubic ft/hour
gal/minute 0.002228 cubic foot/second
0.6308 liters/second
5.89E-04 cubic foot/second
liters/minute
4.40E-03 gal/second
million gal/day 1.54723 cubic foot/second
lb of water/minute 2.67E-04 cubic foot/second

Force/Mass/Weight
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.1 grams
decigrams
10 grams
drams 27.3437 grains
drams 1.7718 grams
drams 0.0625 ounces
0.125 ounces (troy)
drams(apoth. or troy)
0.1371429 ounces(avoirdupois)
0.00102 grams
0.0000001 joules/centimeter
0.00001 joules/meter (newtons)
dynes
1.02E-06 kilograms
7.23E-05 poundals
2.25E-06 lb
grains 0.03657143 drams (avoirdupois)

September 2005 General Information 1-11

CT Handbook.book Page 12 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Force/Mass/Weight (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
1 grains (avoirdupois)
0.0648 grams
grains (troy)
0.0020833 ounces (avoirdupois)
0.04167 pennyweight (troy)
5 carat(metric)
0.56438339 dram
980.7 dynes
15.43 grains
9.81E-05 joules/centimeter
9.81E-03 joules/meter (newtons)
grams
0.001 kilograms
1000 milligrams
0.032150747 ounces (troy)
0.035273962 ounces(avoirdupois)
0.07093 poundals
0.002204623 lb
grams/centimeter 0.0056 lb/inch
hectograms 100 grams
112 lb
hundredweights (long)
0.05 tons (long)
1600 ounces (avoirdupois)
100 lb
hundredweights (short)
0.0446429 tons (long)
0.0453592 tons (metric)
joules 723.3 poundals
joules 22.48 lb
10000000 dynes
joules/centimeter 10200 grams
100 joules/meter (newton)
980665 dynes
1000 grams
0.09807 joules/centimeter
9.807 joules/meter (newtons)
kilograms
70.93 poundals
2.205 lb
9.84E-04 tons (long)
1.10E-03 tons (short)
kilograms/meter 0.672 lb/foot
kilograms/square centimeter 980665 dynes
micrograms 1.00E-06 grams

1-12 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 13 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Force/Mass/Weight (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
milliers 1000 kilograms
0.01543236 grains
milligrams
0.001 grams
1.00E+05 dynes
newton
.2248 pound
16 drams
437.5 grains
28.349523 grams
ounces 0.9115 ounces (troy)
0.0625 lb
2.79E-05 tons (long)
2.84E-05 Tons (metric)
24 grains
1.55517 grams
pennyweights (troy)
0.05 ounces (troy)
4.17E-03 lb (troy)
poise 1 gram/centimeter second
13826 dynes
14.1 grams
1.38E-03 joules/centimeter
poundals
0.1383 joules/meter (newtons)
0.0141 kilograms
0.03108 lb
256 drams
4.45E+05 dynes
7000 grains
453.5924 grams
0.04448 joules/centimeter
4.448 joules/meter (newtons)
lb 0.4536 kilograms
16 ounces
14.5833 ounces (troy)
32.17 poundals
1.21528 lb (troy)
0.07142857 stones (British)
0.0005 tons (short)

September 2005 General Information 1-13

CT Handbook.book Page 14 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Force/Mass/Weight (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
5760 grains
373.24177 grams
13.1657 ounces (avoirdupois)
12 ounces (troy)
lb (troy) 240 pennyweights (troy)
0.822857 lb (avoirdupois)
3.67E-04 tons (long)
3.73E-04 tons (metric)
4.11E-04 tons (short)
scruples 20 grains
slug 14.59 kilogram
slug 32.17 lb
stone (British) 14 pound (avoirdupois)
teaspoons (US) 4.93 cubic centimeters
1016 kilograms
tons (long) 2240 lb
1.12 tons (short)
1000 kilograms
tons (metric) 907.1848 kilograms
2205 lb
32000 ounces
29166.66 ounces (troy)
2000 lb
tons (short)
2430.56 lb (troy)
0.89287 tons (long)
0.9078 tons (metric)

1-14 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 15 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Length
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.01 in.
caliber
0.254 millimeters
0.03281 ft
0.3937 in.
0.00001 kilometers
0.01 meters
centimeters
6.21E-06 miles
10 millimeters
393.7 mils
0.01094 yards
792 in.
chain
20.12 meters
chain (surveyor's or Gunter's) 22 yards
circumference 6.283 radians
decimeters 0.1 meters
dekameters 10 meters
114.3 centimeter
ell
45 in.
0.167 inch
em (pica)
0.4233 centimeter
fathoms 1.828804 meter
fathoms 6 ft
30.48 centimeters
0.0003048 kilometers
0.3048 meters
ft 0.0001645 miles (naut.)
0.0001894 miles (stat.)
304.8 millimeters
12000 mils
0.125 miles (US)
furlongs 40 rods
660 ft
hand 10.16 centimeter
hectometers 100 meters

September 2005 General Information 1-15

CT Handbook.book Page 16 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Length (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
2.54 centimeters
0.08333333 ft
0.0254 meters
in. 0.00001578 miles
25.4 millimeters
1000 mils
0.027777778 yards
6.68E-09 Astronomical unit
1.00E+05 centimeters
3280.84 ft
3.94E+04 in.
kilometers 1.06E-13 light year
1000 meters
0.6214 miles
1.00E+06 millimeters
1094 yards
league 3 miles (approx.)
63239.7 astronomical unit
light-year 5.90E+12 miles
9.46E+12 kilometers
links (engineer's) 12 in.
links (surveyor's) 7.92 in.
100 centimeters
3.281 ft
39.37 in.
0.001 kilometers
meters
5.40E-04 miles (nautical)
6.21E-04 miles (statute)
1000 millimeters
1.094 yards
microns 1.00E-06 meters
6080.27 ft
1.853 kilometers
miles (nautical) 1853 meters
1.1516 miles (statute)
2027 yards

1-16 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 17 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Length (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
1.61E+05 centimeters
5280 ft
6.34E+04 in.
miles (statute) 1.609 kilometers
1609 meters
0.8684 miles (nautical)
1760 yards
0.1 centimeters
3.28E-03 ft
0.03937 in.
1.00E-06 kilometers
millimeters
0.001 meters
6.21E-07 miles
39.37 mils
1.09E-03 yards
millmicrons 1.00E-09 meters
2.54E-03 centimeters
8.33E-05 ft
mils 0.001 in.
2.54E-03 kilometers
2.78E-05 yards
1.90E+13 miles
parsec
3.08E+13 kilometers
0.25 chain (Gunter's)
rod 5.029 meters
16.5 ft
rods (surveyor's meas.) 5.5 yards
span 9 inch
91.44 centimeters
0.5 fathom
3 foot
36 in.
yards 9.14E-04 kilometers
0.9144 meters
4.93E-04 miles (nautical)
5.68E-04 miles (statute)
914.4 millimeters

September 2005 General Information 1-17

CT Handbook.book Page 18 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Pressure
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.007348 ton/square inch
76 centimeters of mercury
33.9 foot. of water (at 4°C)
29.92 in. of mercury (at 0°C)
atmospheres
1.0333 kilograms/square centimeter
10332 kilograms/square meter
14.7 lb/square inch
1.058 tons/square foot
0.9869 atmospheres
1000000 dynes/square centimeter
bars 10200 kilograms/square meter
2089 lb/square foot
14.5 lb/square inch
0.01316 atmospheres
0.4461 ft of water
centimeters of mercury 136 kilograms/square meter
27.85 lb/square foot
0.1934 lb/square inch
dyne/centimeter 0.01 erg/square millimeter
9.87E-07 atmospheres
dyne/square centimeter 2.95E-05 in. of mercury at 0°C
0.0004015 in. of water at 4°C
0.0295 amospheres
0.8826 in. of mercury
0.03048 kilograms/square centimeter
ft of water
304.8 kilograms/square meter
62.43 lb/square foot
0.4335 lb/square inch
0.03342 atmospheres
1.133 ft of water
0.03453 kilograms/square centimeter
in. of mercury
345.3 kilograms/square meter
70.73 lb/square foot.
0.4912 lb/square inch

1-18 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 19 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Pressure (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.002458 atmospheres
0.07355 in. of mercury
0.00254 kilograms/square centimeter
in. of water (at 4°C)
0.5781 ounces/square inch
5.204 lb/square foot
0.03613 lb/square inch
3.968 Btu
3088 foot-lb
1.56E-03 hp-hours
kilogram-calories 4186 joules
426.9 kg-meters
4.186 kilojoules
1.16E-03 kilowatt-hours
0.9678 atmospheres
32.81 ft of water
kilograms/square centimeter 28.96 in. of mercury
2048 lb/square foot
14.22 lb/square inch
9.68E-05 atmospheres
kilograms/square meter
9.81E-05 bars
kilograms/square mm 1.00E+06 kilograms/square meter
newton/square meter 1.0 pound
4309 dynes/square centimeter
ounces/square inch
0.0625 lb/square inch
4.73E-04 atmospheres
0.01602 ft of water
lb/square foot 0.01414 in. of mercury
4.882 kilograms/square meter
6.94E-03 lb/square inch
0.06804 atmospheres
2.307 ft of water
2.036 in. of mercury
lb/square inch 703.1 kilograms/square meter
144 lb/square foot
6.8947 kilopascals
.0068947 megapascals
9765 kilograms/square meter
tons (short)/square foot
2000 lb/square inch

September 2005 General Information 1-19

CT Handbook.book Page 20 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Pressure (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
83.333 lb of water/hour
tons of water/24 hours 0.16643 gal/minute
1.3349 cubic foot/hour

Rotation
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
0.01745 radians/second
degrees/second 0.1667 revolutions/minute
0.002778 revolutions/second
57.29578 degrees/second
radians/second 9.549 revolutions/minute
0.1592 revolutions/second
360 degrees
revolutions 4 quadrants
6.283 radians
revolutions/minute 6 degrees/second
revolutions/minute 0.1047 radians/second
revolutions/minute 0.01667 revolutions/second
360 degrees/second
revolutions/second 6.283 radians/second
60 revolutions/minute

Time
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
days 86400 seconds
0.04166667 days
hours (mean solar)
0.005952381 weeks
7 day
168 hour
week 10080 minute (time)
0.2299795 month
6.05E+05 second
365.25 day
8766 hour
year (mean of 4 year period) 5.26E+05 minute (time)
3.16E+07 second (time)
52.17857 week

1-20 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 21 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Velocity
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
1.9685 ft/minute
0.03281 ft/second
0.036 kilometers/hour
centimeters/second 0.1943 knots
0.6 meters/minute
0.02237 miles/hour
0.0003728 miles/minute
0.508 centimeters/second
0.01667 ft/second
ft/minute 0.01829 kms/kr
0.3048 meters/minute
0.01136 miles/hour
30.48 centimeters/second
1.097 kms/hour
0.5921 knots
ft/second
18.29 meters/minute
0.6818 miles/hour
0.01136 miles/minute
27.78 centimeters/second
54.68 ft/minute
0.9113 ft/second
kilometers/hour
0.5396 knots
16.67 meters/minute
0.6214 miles/hour
6080 ft/hour
1.8532 kilometers/hour
1 nautical miles/hour
knots
1.151 statute miles/hour
2027 yards/hour
1.689 ft/second
1.667 centimeters/second
3.281 ft/minute
0.05468 ft/second
meters/minute
0.06 kms/hour
0.03238 knots
0.03728 miles/hour

September 2005 General Information 1-21

CT Handbook.book Page 22 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Velocity (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
196.8 ft/minute
3.281 ft/second
3.6 kilometers/hour
meters/second
0.06 kilometers/minute
2.237 miles/hour
0.03728 miles/minute
44.7 centimeters/second
88 ft/minute
1.467 ft/second
1.609 kms/hour
miles/hour
0.02682 kms/minute
0.8684 knots
26.82 meters/minute
0.1667 miles/minute
2682 centimeters/second
88 ft/second
miles/minute 1.609 kms/minute
0.8684 knots/minute
60 miles/hour

1-22 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 23 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Volume
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
barrels (oil) 42 gal (oil)
7056 cubic in.
barrels (US dry)
105 quarts (dry)
barrels (US, liquid) 31.5 gal
1.2445 cubic foot
2150.4 cubic inch
0.03524 cubic meters
bushels 35.24 liters
4 pecks
64 pint (dry)
32 quarts (dry)
0.3382 ounce fluid (US)
0.6103 cubic inch
centiliter
2.705 drams
0.01 liters
cord ft 16 cubic ft
cords 8 cord ft
3.53E-05 cubic foot
0.06102374 cubic inch
0.000001 cubic meter
1000 cubic millimeter
1.31E-06 cubic yard
0.2815606 drachm (Brit. fluid)
cubic centimeter
0.2705122 Dram (U.S. fluid)
2.20E-04 gallon (Brit liquid)
2.64E-04 gallon (US liquid)
0.001 liter
0.002113 pint (US liquid)
0.001057 quart (US liquid)
0.8036 bushels (dry)
28320 cubic centimeters
1728 cubic in.
0.02832 cubic meters
0.037037037 cubic yards
cubic ft
7.48052 gal (US liquid)
28.32 liters
59.84 pints (US liquid)
29.92 quarts (US liquid)
1 sack

September 2005 General Information 1-23

CT Handbook.book Page 24 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Volume (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
16.39 cubic centimeters
0.0005787 cubic ft
1.64E-05 cubic meters
2.14E-05 cubic yards
cubic in.
0.004329 gal
106100 mil-ft
0.03463 pints (US liquid)
0.01732 quarts (US liquid)
28.38 bushels (dry)
1000000 cubic centimeters
35.31 cubic ft
61023 cubic in.
cubic meters 1.307951 cubic yards
264.2 gal (US liquid)
1000 liters
2113 pints (US liquid)
1057 quarts (US liquid)
764600 cubic centimeters
27 cubic ft
46656 cubic in.
0.7646 cubic meters
cubic yards
202 gal (US liquid)
764.6 liters
1615.9 pints (US liquid)
807.9 quarts (US liquid)
cups 236.588 cubic centimeters
deciliters 0.1 liters
dekaliters 10 liters
drams (US fluid or apoth.) 3.6967 cubic centimeter
drops 0.01666 teaspoons
3785.412 cubic centimeters
0.1337 cubic ft
231 cubic in.
gal
0.003785 cubic meters
0.004951 cubic yards
3.785 liters
gal (liquid British imp.) 1.20095 gal (US liquid)
gal (US) 0.83267 gal (imperial)
gal of water 8.3453 lb of water
hectoliters 100 liters

1-24 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 25 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Volume (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
hogsheads (British) 10.114 cubic ft
8.42184 cubic ft
hogsheads (U.S.)
63 gal (U.S.)
kiloliters 1000 liters
0.02838 bushels (U.S. dry)
1000 cubic centimeter
0.03531 cubic ft
61.02 cubic in.
liters 0.001 cubic meters
1.31E-03 cubic yards
0.2642 gal (U.S. liquid)
2.113 pints (U.S. liquid)
1.057 quarts (U.S. liquid)
microliters 1.00E-06 liters
mil-ft 9.43E-06 cubic in.
milliliters 0.001 liters
minims (British) 0.059192 cubic centimeter
minims (US fluid) 0.061612 cubic centimeter
1.805 cubic in.
ounces (fluid)
0.02957 liters
480 grains
31.103481 grams
ounces (troy) 1.09714 ounces (avoirdupois)
20 pennyweights (troy)
0.08333 lb (troy)
554.6 cubic in.
pecks (British)
9.091901 liters
0.25 bushels
537.605 cubic in.
pecks (US)
8.809582 liters
8 quarts (dry)
568.26125 cubic centimeters
34.67743 cubic in.
0.125 gal (Brit.)
4 gills (Brit.)
pints (Brit.) 0.56826125 liters
568.26125 milliliters
20 ounces (Brit. fluid)
1.032057 pints (US dry)
1.20095 pints (US liquid)

September 2005 General Information 1-25

CT Handbook.book Page 26 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Volume (Continued)
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
550.6105 cubic centimeters
33.6003125 cubic in.
0.5506105 liters
pints (US dry) 550.6105 milliters
0.0625 peck (US)
0.968939 pint (Brit. dry)
0.5 quarts (US dry)
473.1765 cubic centimeter
0.01671 cubic ft
28.875 cubic in.
4.73E-04 cubic meters
6.19E-04 cubic yards
0.125 gal (US)
pints (US liquid)
4 gills (US)
0.4731765 liters
473.1765 milliliters
16 ounce (US fluid)
0.8326742 pints (Brit. liquid)
0.5 quarts (liquid)
0.01602 cubic ft
lb of water 27.68 cubic in.
0.1198 gal
quarts (dry) 67.2 cubic in.
946.4 cubic centimeters
0.03342 cubic ft
57.75 cubic in.
quarts (liquid) 9.46E-04 cubic meters
1.24E-03 cubic yards
0.25 gal
0.9463 liters
sack 1 cubic ft
tablespoons (metric) 15 milliliter
tablespoons (US) 14.79 milliliter
teaspoons (metric) 5 milliliter

1-26 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 27 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Fractional Decimal Equivalents

Decimal Decimal
Fraction mm Fraction mm
Equivalent Equivalent
1/64 0.015625 0.397 33/64 0.515625 13.097
1/32 0.031250 0.794 17/32 0.531250 13.494
3/64 0.046875 1.191 35/64 0.546875 13.891
1/16 0.062500 1.588 9/16 0.562500 14.288
5/64 0.078125 1.984 37/64 0.578125 14.684
3/32 0.093750 2.381 19/32 0.593750 15.081
7/64 0.109375 2.778 39/64 0.609375 15.478
1/8 0.125000 3.175 5/8 0.625000 15.875
9/64 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16.272
5/32 0.156250 3.969 21/32 0.656250 16.669
11/64 0.171875 4.366 43/64 0.671875 17.066
3/16 0.187500 4.763 11/16 0.687500 17.463
13/64 0.203125 5.159 45/64 0.703125 17.859
7/32 0.218750 5.556 23/32 0.718750 18.256
15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653
1/4 0.250000 6.350 3/4 0.750000 19.050
17/64 0.265625 6.747 49/64 0.765625 19.447
9/32 0.281250 7.144 25/32 0.781250 19.844
19/64 0.296875 7.541 51/64 0.796875 20.241
5/16 0.312500 7.938 13/16 0.812500 20.638
21/64 0.328125 8.334 53/64 0.828125 21.034
11/32 0.343750 8.731 27/32 0.843750 21.431
23/64 0.359375 9.128 55/64 0.859375 21.828
3/8 0.375000 9.525 7/8 0.875000 22.225
25/64 0.390625 9.922 57/64 0.890625 22.622
13/32 0.406250 10.319 29/32 0.906250 23.019
27/64 0.421875 10.716 59/64 0.921875 23.416
7/16 0.437500 11.113 15/16 0.937500 23.813
29/64 0.453125 11.509 61/64 0.953125 24.209
15/32 0.468750 11.906 31/32 0.968750 24.606
31/64 0.484375 12.303 63/64 0.984375 25.003
1/2 0.500000 12.700 1 1.000000 25.400

September 2005 General Information 1-27

CT Handbook.book Page 28 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Temperature Conversions

Fahrenheit Centigrade Fahrenheit Centigrade Fahrenheit Centigrade

+ 300º + 148.89º + 180º + 82.22º + 60º + 15.56º
+ 295º + 146.11º + 175º + 79.44º + 55º + 12.78º
+ 290º + 143.33º + 170º + 76.67º + 50º + 10.00º
+ 285º + 140.56º + 165º + 73.89º + 45º + 7.22º
+ 280º + 137.78º + 160º + 71.11º + 40º + 4.44º
+ 275º + 135.00º + 155º + 68.33º + 35º + 1.67º
+ 270º + 132.22º + 150º + 65.56º + 30º - 1.11º
+ 265º + 129.44º + 145º + 62.78º + 25º - 3.89º
+ 260º + 126.67º + 140º + 60.00º + 20º - 6.67º
+ 255º + 123.89º + 135º + 57.22º + 15º - 9.44º
+ 250º + 121.11º + 130º + 54.44º + 10º - 12.22º
+ 245º + 118.33º + 125º + 51.67º + 5º - 15.00º
+ 240º + 115.56º + 120º + 48.89º 0º - 17.78º
+ 235º + 112.78º + 115º + 46.11º -5º - 20.56º
+ 230º + 110.00º + 110º + 43.33º -10º - 23.33º
+ 225º + 107.22º + 105º + 40.56º -15º - 26.11º
+ 220º + 104.44º + 100º + 37.78º -20º - 28.89º
+ 215º + 101.67º + 95º + 35.00º -25º - 31.67º
+ 210º + 98.89º + 90º + 32.22º -30º - 34.44º
+ 205º + 96.11º + 85º + 29.44º -35º - 37.22º
+ 200º + 93.33º + 80º + 26.67º -40º - 40.00º
+ 195º + 90.56º + 75º + 23.89º -45º - 42.78º
+ 190º + 87.78º + 70º + 21.11º -50º - 45.56º
+ 185º + 85.00º + 65º + 18.33º -55º - 48.33º

5
ºC = (º F - 32) or º F = 9 ׺ C + 32
9 5

Absolute Zero = 0K = -273.16ºC = -459.69ºF

K = Kelvin (Absolute Temperature). This scale uses the same size unit as the
Celsius scale but the degree symbol (º) is not used. Since the Kelvin scale starts
at zero there can never be a negative Kelvin temperature.

1-28 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 29 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

API Conversion Table

API Specific Density Pressure Gradient

Gravity Gravity lb/gal kg/m 3 psi/ft bar/m kPa/m
15% HCI 1.0750 8.962 1075.00 0.4654 0.1055 10.547
10 (water) 1.0000 8.337 1000.00 0.4330 0.0981 9.807
12 0.9861 8.221 986.10 0.4270 0.0967 9.670
15 0.9659 8.053 965.90 0.4182 0.0947 9.472
18 0.9465 7.891 946.50 0.4098 0.0928 9.282
20 0.9340 7.787 934.00 0.4044 0.0916 9.159
22 0.9218 7.685 921.80 0.3991 0.0944 9.044
24 0.9100 7.587 910.00 0.3940 0.0892 8.924
26 0.8984 7.490 898.40 0.3890 0.0881 8.810
28 0.8871 7.396 887.10 0.3841 0.0870 8.700
30 0.8762 7.305 876.20 0.3794 0.0859 8.592
31 0.8708 7.260 870.80 0.3771 0.0854 8.539
32 0.8654 7.215 865.40 0.3747 0.0849 8.487
33 0.8602 7.171 860.20 0.3725 0.0844 8.436
34 0.8550 7.128 855.00 0.3702 0.0836 8.385
35 0.8498 7.085 849.80 0.3680 0.0833 8.334
36 0.8448 7.043 844.80 0.3658 0.0828 8.284
37 0.8398 7.001 839.80 0.3638 0.0824 8.235
38 0.8348 6.960 834.80 0.3615 0.0819 8.187
39 0.8299 6.919 829.90 0.3593 0.0814 8.139
40 0.8251 6.879 825.10 0.3573 0.0809 8.091
41 0.8203 6.839 820.30 0.3552 0.0804 8.044
42 (diesel) 0.8156 6.800 815.60 0.3532 0.0800 7.998
43 0.8109 6.760 810.90 0.3511 0.0795 7.952
44 0.8063 6.722 806.30 0.3491 0.0791 7.907
46 0.7972 6.646 797.20 0.3452 0.0782 7.818
48 0.7883 6.572 788.30 0.3413 0.0773 7.731
50 0.7796 6.500 779.60 0.3376 0.0765 7.645

September 2005 General Information 1-29

CT Handbook.book Page 30 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Buoyancy Factors for Steel Pipe In Various

Weight Fluids
Buoyancy Factors for Steel Pipe In Various Weight Fluids
Fluid Density
Buoyancy Buoyancy Buoyancy
lb/gal kg/m3 lb/gal kg/m3 lb/gal kg/m3
Factor Factor Factor
6.0 718.96 0.9083 9.2 1102.40 0.8594 12.5 1497.83 0.809
6.1 730.94 0.9068 9.3 1114.39 0.8579 12.6 1509.81 0.8075
6.2 742.92 0.9053 9.4 1126.37 0.8564 12.7 1521.8 0.8059
6.3 754.91 0.9037 9.5 1138.35 0.8548 12.8 1533.78 0.8044
6.4 766.89 0.9022 9.6 1150.33 0.8533 12.9 1545.76 0.8029
6.5 778.87 0.9007 9.7 1162.32 0.8518 13 1557.74 0.8013
6.6 790.85 0.8991 9.8 1174.3 0.8502 13.1 1569.73 0.7998
6.7 802.84 0.8976 9.9 1186.28 0.8487 13.2 1581.71 0.7983
6.8 814.82 0.8961 10 1198.26 0.8472 13.3 1593.69 0.7968
6.9 826.80 0.8946 10.1 1210.25 0.8457 13.4 1605.67 0.7952
7.0 838.78 0.8930 10.2 1222.23 0.8441 13.5 1617.66 0.7937
7.1 850.77 0.8915 10.3 1234.21 0.8426 13.6 1629.64 0.7922
7.2 862.75 0.8900 10.4 1246.19 0.8411 13.7 1641.62 0.7906
7.3 874.73 0.8884 10.5 1258.18 0.8395 13.8 1653.6 0.7891
7.4 886.72 0.8869 10.6 1270.16 0.838 13.9 1665.59 0.7876
7.5 898.70 0.8854 10.7 1282.14 0.8365 14 1677.57 0.7861
7.6 910.68 0.8839 10.8 1294.13 0.835 14.1 1689.55 0.7845
7.7 922.66 0.8823 10.9 1306.11 0.8334 14.2 1701.53 0.783
7.8 934.65 0.8808 11 1318.09 0.8319 14.3 1713.52 0.7815
7.9 946.63 0.8793 11.1 1330.07 0.8304 14.4 1725.5 0.78
8.0 958.61 0.8778 11.2 1342.06 0.8289 14.5 1737.48 0.7784
8.1 970.59 0.8762 11.3 1354.04 0.8273 14.6 1749.47 0.7769
8.2 982.58 0.8747 11.4 1366.02 0.8258 14.7 1761.45 0.7754
8.3 994.56 0.8732 11.5 1378 0.8243 14.8 1773.43 0.7738
8.33 998.15 0.8727 11.6 1389.99 0.8227 14.9 1785.41 0.7723
8.4 1006.54 0.8716 11.7 1401.97 0.8212 15 1797.4 0.7708
8.5 1018.52 0.8701 11.8 1413.95 0.8197 15.1 1809.38 0.7693
8.6 1030.51 0.8686 11.9 1425.93 0.8182 15.2 1821.36 0.7677
8.7 1042.49 0.8671 12 1437.92 0.8166 15.3 1833.34 0.7662
8.8 1054.47 0.8655 12.1 1449.9 0.8151 15.4 1845.33 0.7647
8.9 1066.45 0.8640 12.2 1461.88 0.8136 15.5 1857.31 0.7631
9.0 1078.44 0.8625 12.3 1473.86 0.812 15.6 1869.29 0.7616
9.1 1090.42 0.8609 12.4 1485.85 0.8105 15.7 1881.27 0.7601

1-30 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 31 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Buoyancy Factors for Steel Pipe In Various Weight Fluids

(Continued)Fluid Density
Buoyancy Buoyancy Buoyancy
lb/gal kg/m3 Factor
lb/gal kg/m3
Factor
lb/gal kg/m3
Factor
15.8 1893.26 0.7586 17.2 2061.01 0.7372 18.6 2228.77 0.7158
15.9 1905.24 0.757 17.3 2073 0.7356 18.7 2240.75 0.7142
16 1917.22 0.7555 17.4 2084.98 0.7341 18.8 2252.74 0.7127
16.1 1929.21 0.754 17.5 2096.96 0.7326 18.9 2264.72 0.7112
16.2 1941.19 0.7524 17.6 2108.94 0.7311 19 2276.7 0.7097
16.3 1953.17 0.7509 17.7 2120.93 0.7295 19.1 2288.68 0.7081
16.4 1965.15 0.7494 17.8 2132.91 0.728 19.2 2300.67 0.7066
16.5 1977.14 0.7479 17.9 2144.89 0.7265 19.3 2312.65 0.7051
16.6 1989.12 0.7463 18 2156.88 0.7249 19.4 2324.63 0.7035
16.7 2001.1 0.7448 18.1 2168.86 0.7234 19.5 2336.61 0.702
16.8 2013.08 0.7433 18.2 2180.84 0.7219 19.6 2348.6 0.7005
16.9 2025.07 0.7417 18.3 2192.82 0.7204 19.7 2360.58 0.699
17 2037.05 0.7402 18.4 2204.81 0.7188 19.8 2372.56 0.6974
17.1 2049.03 0.7387 18.5 2216.79 0.7173 19.9 2384.55 0.696
20 2396.53 0.6944

September 2005 General Information 1-31

 CT Handbook.book Page 32 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Gas Pressure Conversion Factors

Well Depth or Correction Factor

(Gas Depth) 0.6 Gravity 0.7 Gravity 0.8 Gravity 0.9 Gravity
3,000 1.064 1.075 1.087 1.098
3,500 1.075 1.089 1.102 1.115
4,000 1.087 1.102 1.117 1.133
4,500 1.098 1.115 1.133 1.151
5,000 1.110 1.129 1.149 1.169
5,500 1.121 1.143 1.165 1.187
6,000 1.133 1.157 1.181 1.206
6,500 1.145 1.171 1.197 1.224
7,000 1.157 1.185 1.214 1.244
7,500 1.169 1.204 1.232 1.264
8,000 1.181 1.214 1.248 1.282
8,500 1.193 1.239 1.266 1.304
9,000 1.206 1.244 1.282 1.324
9,500 1.218 1.259 1.302 1.345
10,000 1.232 1.275 1.320 1.366
10,500 1.244 1.289 1.338 1.388
11,000 1.257 1.306 1.357 1.410
11,500 1.270 1.322 1.376 1.433
12,000 1.282 1.338 1.395 1.455
12,500 1.297 1.354 1.415 1.477
13,000 1.311 1.371 1.434 1.500
13,500 1.324 1.388 1.455 1.523
14,000 1.338 1.405 1.475 1.548
14,500 1.352 1.422 1.495 1.573
15,000 1.366 1.438 1.515 1.596

Shear Strengths of Common Shear Pin Material

Material Type or Description Ultimate Shear Strength (psi)
Yellow Brass 1/2 Hard Rockwell B 70 40,500
Aluminum 2024 - T4 41,000
Naval Brass
1/4 Hard Rockwell B 80 43,000
(Tobin Bronze)
Mild Steel 1018 58,000
Type RCUZN-C Rockwell B 82 Ana-
Low Fuming Bronze 58,000
conda welding Rod No. 997
Type RCUZN-C Rockwell B 80 Airco
Low Fuming Bronze 60,000
welding Rod No. 27
Oil hardening, polished, annealed -
Drill Rod 81,000
Rockwell C 10

1-32 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 33 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Conversion Table for Hardness Testing

(Approximate Values)

Brinell Rockwell Brinell Rockwell

Impres- Hard- Tensile Impres- Hard- Tensile
C B Strength C B Strength
sion ness sion ness
Scale Scale Scale Scale
Dia. No. Dia. No.
2.45 627 60 — 311 3.80 255 25 102 125
2.50 601 58 — 298 3.85 248 24 101 122
2.55 578 57 — 287 3.90 241 23 100 119
2.60 555 55 — 276 3.95 235 22 99 116
2.65 534 53 — 266 4.00 229 21 98 113
2.70 514 52 — 256 4.05 223 20 97 110
2.75 495 50 — 247 4.10 217 18 96 107
2.80 477 49 — 238 4.15 212 16 96 104
2.85 461 47 — 229 4.20 207 15 95 101
2.90 444 46 — 220 4.25 202 14 94 99
2.95 429 45 — 212 4.30 197 13 93 97
3.00 415 44 — 204 4.35 192 12 92 95
3.05 401 42 — 196 4.40 187 10 91 93
3.10 388 41 — 189 4.45 183 9 90 91
3.15 375 40 110 182 4.50 179 8 89 89
3.20 363 38 110 176 4.55 174 6 88 87
3.25 352 37 109 170 4.60 170 5 87 85
3.30 341 36 109 165 4.65 166 4 86 83
3.35 331 35 108 160 4.70 163 3 85 82
3.40 321 34 108 155 4.75 159 84 80
3.45 311 33 107 150 4.80 156 83 78
3.50 302 32 107 146 4.85 153 82 76
3.55 293 31 106 142 4.90 149 81 75
3.60 285 30 105 138 4.95 146 80 74
3.65 277 29 104 134 5.00 143 79 72
3.70 269 28 104 131 5.05 140 78 71
3.75 262 26 103 128 5.10 137 77 70
Diameter of Impression 3,000 kg. load - 10 MM. Steel Ball
Rockwell C-Scale 150 kg. load - 102° Diamond Cone
Rockwell B-Scale 100 kg. load - .0625 in. Steel Ball
Tensile Strength 1000 lb per square inch

September 2005 General Information 1-33

CT Handbook.book Page 34 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Boyle's Gas Law

Boyle's Gas Law - P1 × V1 = P2 × V2 (Boyle's Law assumes a constant
temperature)

P = Pressure and V = Volume

P2 = (V1 x P1) / V2 or V2 = (V1 x P1) / P2

The above gas law shows that the gas pressure is related to the gas volume.

If gas is not allowed to expand during a kick, then the gas bubble would
maintain the bottomhole pressure (BHP) as it migrated to the surface. This
could apply BHP near the surface, which could cause one of the following

• Underground
Depth Gas Volume Bubble Pressure
blowout
10,000 1 5,200
• Lost circulation
5,000 2 2,600
• Surface blowout
2,500 4 1,300
1,250 8 650
625 16 325
312 32 162

If the gas is allowed to expand as it migrates to surface then the volume and
pressure relationships are demonstrated in the following table. Any units can
be applied to the following table but the pressure assumes 10ppg fluid in the
wellbore.

Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal gas law is similar to Boyle's Law but also takes account of
temperature.

P1 × V1 P2 × V2
=
T1 T2

Pressure and Volume can be expressed in any units but temperature must be
converted to the Kelvin scale to avoid any negative numbers. More details on
the Kelvin scale can be found earlier in this section under “Temperature

1-34 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 35 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Conversions.” Applying this equation to the same example as above but also
considering a typical wellbore temperature now results in the following table.

Temperature
Depth Gas Volume Bubble Pressure
ºF Kelvin
10,000 350 450 1 5,200
5,000 200 366 1.6 2,600
2,500 125 325 2.9 1,300
1,250 88 304 5.4 650
625 69 294 10.5 325
312 59 288 20.5 162

Pipe Bouyancy
Pipe Buoyancy - when tubulars are run in a well displacing fluid, a buoyancy
effect is created on the tubulars. When the volume of steel in the tubulars
displaces the same volume of fluid in the well a buoyancy effect is created due
to the difference in densities between the steel and fluid.
The buoyancy factor can be determined if the density or weight per unit volume
of the fluid and solid are known. The formula is:
B = (Ds - Df) ÷ Ds
Where: B = Buoyancy factor
Ds = Density of steel
Df = Density of fluid

Fluid PPG Bouyance Factor

8.34 0.873
12.1 0.815
16.5 0.748
19.2 0.707

Steel has a density of 65.5 lb/gal.To figure pipe weight if the I.D. is dry and the
annular is wet, use the following calculation:
Dry String = Steel weight in air - Displaced fluid weight - Snub force
To figure pipe weight if the I.D. has a different fluid then the annulus, use the
following calculation:
Wet String with different fluids = Steel weight in air - Displaced
fluid weight - snub force + inside fluid weight.

September 2005 General Information 1-35

CT Handbook.book Page 36 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Nozzle Calculations

Nozzle Area (in.2) = Number of nozzles × 3.1416 × D 2

4

Where: D = Nozzle Diameter (in.)

Flow Rate
Fluid Velocity through a nozzle (ft/sec) =
3.117 × Nozzle Area
Where: Flow Rate in gpm
Nozzle Area in in.2

Flow Rate 2 × Fluid Density

Pressure drop across a nozzle (psi) =
12,032 × Nozzle Area 2 × Cd 2
Where: Flow Rate in gpm
Fluid Density in ppg
Nozzle Area in in.2

Cd = Coefficient of discharge for the nozzle (dimensionless) should be

between 0.6
(for a new nozzle) and 0.95 (for a worn nozzle).

1-36 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 37 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Useful Formulas
Temperature Conversions
• Temperature Centigrade = 5/9 (Temp. °F - 32)
• Temperature Fahrenheit = 9/5 (Temp. °C) + 32
• Temperature Absolute C = Temp. °C + 273
• Temperature Absolute F = Temp. °F + 460

Volume Capacity of Pipes

• Gal per 1,000 ft = 40.8 × (ID in in.)2
• Barrels per 1,000 ft = 0.9714 × (ID in in.)2
• Cubic ft per 1,000 ft = 5.454 × (ID in in.)2
• Gal per mile = 215.4240 × (ID in in.)2
• Barrels per mile = 5.1291 × (ID in in.)2
• Cubic meter per 100 meter = 0.0000785 (ID in in.)2

Approximate Volume of Hose

• 2-in. hose = 0.02 cubic ft per foot length or 51 mm = 0.00186 m3 per meter
length
• 2½-in. hose = 0.03 cubic ft per foot length or 64 mm = 0.00279 m3 per
meter length
• 3-in. hose = 0.04 cubic ft per foot length or 76 mm = 0.00372 m3 per meter
length
• 4-in. hose = 0.08 cubic ft per foot length or 102 mm = 0.00743 m3 per
meter length

Velocity
• Feet per minute = 1029.42 (bbl per minute) ÷ (ID in in.)2
• Meter per minute = 1273240 (m3 per minute) ÷ (ID in mm)2
• Feet per second = gal per minute (0.4085) ÷(ID in in.)2
• Meters per second = 76394400 (m3 per minute) ÷ (ID in mm)2

Hydraulics
• Horsepower = work per time = (force × distance) ÷ time
• Heat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi. across relief) × flow rate (gpm discharge)
× 1.4848 work
(foot-lb) = force (lbs) × distance (ft)
• Power = pressure × flow or 1 HP = psi. × gpm ÷ 1713.6
• Hydraulic HP = 0.000584 (gal per minute) × (pressure, psi.)
• Hydraulic HP = 0.02448 (barrels per minute) × (pressure, psi.)
• Hydraulic HP = (barrels per minute) × (pressure, psi.) ÷40.8
• Hydraulic HP = (brake HP) × (efficiency of power train to pump) × (pump
efficiency)
September 2005 General Information 1-37
CT Handbook.book Page 38 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Volumes
• Bbl/ft in round tank = (diameter, in ft)2 ÷ 7.14
• Bbl/in. in round tank = (diameter, in ft)2 ÷ 85.7
• Bbl/in. in square tank = 0.0143 × length, ft × width, ft
• Cubic ft per inch in square tank = 0.0833 × length, ft × width, ft
• m3 per M in round tank = 0.7854 × (diameter, in meters)2
• m3 per centimeter in round tank = 0.007854 × (diameter, in meters)2
• m3 per centimeter in square tank = length (m) × width (m) × 0.01

Mud Pit Calculation

• 0.0833 × length, ft × width, ft = cubic ft per inch of depth
• 0.0148 × length, ft × width, ft = barrels per inch of depth
• 0.00058 × length, in. × width, in. = cubic ft per inch of depth
• m3 per centimeter of depth = length in meter × width in meter × 0.01
• m3 per m of Length = length in meter × width in meter

Pipe Displacement
(Metal only w/coupling)

• 0.002 × wt of pipe per ft with coupling × depth, ft = displacement in ft3

• 0.00367 × wt of pipe per ft with coupling × depth, ft = displacement in bbl
• 0.000124 × wt of pipe in kg/m with couplings × depth, m = displacement
in m3

ID
• OD - (2 × wall)
eg. 1.75 - (2 × 0.156) = 1.438 in

Area of Tubing Wall

• (OD2 - ID2 ) × π / 4 NOTE: ( π/ 4 =.7854)
eg. (1.752 - 1.4382) × .7854 = .781 in2

Tubing Weight Per Foot (Wall Thickness Unknown)

• ((((OD2 - ID2) × 0.7854) × 12) / 231) × 65.5
eg. ((((2.8752 - 2.4412) × 0.7854) × 12) / 231) × 65.5 = 6.168 lb/ft

Tubing Weight Per Foot

• π × ( OD - wall ) × wall × 12 × 0.2833
eg. π × (1.75 - 0.156) × 0.156 × 12 × 0.2833 = 2.656 lb/ft

Buoyancy Factor
• ( 65.447 - Fluid Weight, lb/gal ) / 65.447
eg. ( 65.447 - 8.33 ) / 65.447 = .873

1-38 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 39 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Weight of Tubing in Fluid

• Weight in air × buoyancy factor
eg. 2.656 × 0.873 = 2.319 lb/ft

Load Capacity at Minimum Yield

• ( OD2 - ID2 ) × 0.7854 × yield × SF
eg. ( 1.752 - 1.4382 ) × 0.7854 × 80,000 × 0.8 = 49,997 psi

Pressure Capacity
• 2 × ( wall - 0.005 ) × yield / OD (where 0.005 is the manufacturers
tolerance on wall thickness)
eg. 2 × (0.156 - 0.005 ) × 80,000 / 1.75 = 13,806 psi

Pipe Capacity in Barrels Per Linear Foot

• ID2 × 0.0009714
eg. 1.4382 × 0.0009714 = 0.002009 bbl/ft
• Multiply by total length for total capacity in barrels

Annular Volume in Barrels Per Linear Foot

• (IDprod2 - ODcoil2) × 0.0009714
eg. (2.4412 - 1.752) × 0.0009714 = 0.00281316 bbl/ft
• Multiply by total length for total capacity in barrels

Annular Velocity, ft/min

• (GPM × 24.51) / (IDprod2 - ODcoil2)
eg. (84 × 24.51) / (4.8922 - 1.752) = 98.7 ft/min

Time to Displace
• Total volume, bbl ÷ pump rate, bbl/min = minutes
or
• Total volume, gal ÷ pump rate, gal/min = minutes

Fluid Pressure Gradient

• Downhole pressure ÷ depth = psi/ft
or
• Fluid weight, lb/gal × 0.05195 = psi/ft

Hydrostatic Pressure
• Weight, lb/gal × 0.05195 × depth
eg. 9.6 × 0.05195 × 11,200 = 5,591 psi

September 2005 General Information 1-39

CT Handbook.book Page 40 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Bottomhole Pressure
• Wellhead pressure + hydrostatic pressure
eg. 2,200 + ((9.6 × .05195 × 11,200)) = 7785.664 psi

Kill Fluid Weight

• Weight, lb/gal + [wellhead pressure / ( .05195 × depth )]
eg. 9.6 + (2,200 / (.05195 × 11,200 )) = 13.4 lb/gal

Stretch Due to Weight in Hole, ft

• 0.0567 × (length / 1000)2
eg. 0.0567 × (12000 / 1000)2 = 8.1648 ft

"Free Point" for Stuck Tubing or the Length of Free

Pipe
L = Stretch in in. × (30000000 × area) / force /12
Stretch = in., from over-pull force
Area = cross-sectional area of CT pipe wall
Force = applied weight over weight of pipe in air to stretch the CT

Example:
CT OD = 1.5
CT ID = 1.76
Stretch = 120 in.
Force = 15,000 lb (weight indicator)
120 × 30,000,000 × 0.476 / 15000/12 = 9,520 ft

Elongation Due to Temperature, ft

• Depth × 0.0000828 × ΔT / 12
eg. 9650 × 0.0000828 × 70 / 12 = 4.7 ft
• Average temperature, ΔT= (surface temperature + bottomhole
temperature) / 2

Specific Gravity of Oil from API

• 141.5 / ( 131.5 + API )
eg. 141.5 / ( 131.5 + 30° ) = 0.876

Thermal Gradient, °F / ft
(bottomhole temperature - surface temperature) / depth
• eg. ( 195 - 60 ) / 9800 = 0.00138 °F / ft
– or 0.138 °F / 100 ft
– or 1.38 °F / 1000 ft

1-40 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 41 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

KCL in lb for % Needed

• Gal × (fluid weight) × % KCL wanted = lb
eg. 80 bbl × 42 = 3,360 gal
• 3360 × 8.6 lb/gal × 2% = 578 lb KCL

Rate of Travel with Coiled Tubing

• (Total bbl ÷ pump rate in bbl/min = total minutes)
• (Total interval in ft ÷ minutes = ft/min)
• 150 bbl Acid
• 200 ft Interval to place acid
• 150 bbl ÷ 2 bbl/min = 75 min
• 200 ft Interval ÷ 75 min = 2.6 fpm
• To make 3 passes using same problem
• 75 min ÷ 3 = 25 min
• 200 ft Interval ÷ 25 min = 8 ft/min each pass

Pump Rate
• (Bore2 × 0.7854 × stroke × number of plungers)
eg. 42 × 0.7854 × 8 × 3 = 301.6 in.3
= 301.6 in3 × (1 gal ÷ 231 in.3) × (1 bbl ÷ 42 gal)
= 0.0312 bbl/rev
= 1 ÷ .0312 = 32.05 rev/bbl
• Assume operating range in the 80 to 90% efficiency range
• 32.05 rev/bbl × 85% = 27.2 rev/bbl
• 2 bbl/min × 27.2 rev/bbl = 54.4 strokes/min

Physical Constants
• Viscosity of water at 70ºF = 1 centipoise
• API gravity of water = 10 Deg. API
• Fresh water n' and k' = 1.0 and .00002
• Fresh water weighs 8.33 lb/gal
• 1 ft3 = 7.4805 gal
• Water weighs 8.33 × 7.4805 = 62.312565 lb/ft3
• 1 ft3 = 12 in. × 12 in. × 12 in. = 1,728 in.3
• Pressure = force / area
• 62.312565 lb / 144 in.2 = 0.4327261458 lbf / in.2 / ft or psi/ft
• 0.4327261458 psi/ft / 8.33 lb/gal = .05194791666 (0.05195) thus the
constant born 0.052
• 1 bbl = 5.615 ft3 = 42 gal
• 1 gal of liquid (cryogenic) N2 expands to 93.11 SCF
• N2 expands 697 times (more exact: 696.4 times)

September 2005 General Information 1-41

CT Handbook.book Page 42 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Coiled Tubing Glossary

-A-
Absolute pressure—The pressure measured from a vacuum. (0 psi absolute
pressure = vacuum) Absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure equals
gauge pressure. Note that it is physically impossible to have a negative absolute
pressure.
Accumulator—A pressure vessel charged with nitrogen gas used to store
hydraulic fluid under pressure for operation of pressure control equipment (as
per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Accumulator precharge—An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which
is further compressed when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator
storing potential energy (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition,
December 1996).
Actuation Test, well control component—The closing and opening of a well
control component to assure mechanical functioning (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Annulus—The annulus is the area between the CT and the well tubulars.
Axial load—Force applied along the length of the CT string. Tension is
positive. Compression is negative.
Axial stress—The axial load at a given point in the CT divided by the
cross-sectional area of the CT. The axial stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.
Azimuth—The azimuth in well survey data is the angle from North, in
degrees, of the well axis at a given point. For example, a section of a well that
goes East, has an azimuth of 90 degrees.

-B-
BHA—Bottomhole assembly
Bingham Plastic—Bingham plastic is the model for a fluid which does not
flow until a specific yield point is reached. Cement and some drilling muds are
often modeled as Bingham plastics.
Blind rams—The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal
against each other to effectively close the wellbore when there are no tools or
pipe through the well control stack. The blind rams are not intended to seal
against coiled tubing (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition,
December 1996).

1-42 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 43 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Blowout—An uncontrolled flow of pressurized wellbore fluids and/or

formation fluids out of the wellbore or into lower pressured subsurface zones
(underground blowout) (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition,
December 1996).

-C-
Check valve—A valve that allows flow through it in one direction only. This
device is installed at the coiled tubing connector and allows fluid to be
circulated down the string but prevents backflow. This device may be a
ball-and-seat type or flapper type (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7,
First Edition, December 1996).
Choke—A device with either a fixed or a variable aperture used to control the
rate of flow of liquids and/or gas (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First
Edition, December 1996).
Christmas tree—A term applied to the combination of valves and fittings
assembled above the top of the tubing spool on a completed well to contain
well pressure and control the flow of hydrocarbons and other fluids (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Closing ratio—The ratio of the wellhead pressure to the hydraulic actuation
pressure required to close the well control component (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Collapse—Flattening of the coiled tubing due to external pressure or external
pressure combined with either tension or bending (as per API Recommended
Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Compression—When a portion of a CT string is pushed together along its
axis, it is in compression. Compression is the opposite of tension.
Continuous taper—Varying wall thickness of a section of CT linearly from
one end of the section to the other.
Critical buckling—The point where a section of CT begins to form a
sinusoidal curve in the hole. Critical bucking does not mean that your tubing
cannot go further into the hole. Usually called sinusoidal buckling.

-D-
Derate—To manually lower the used life of a string to the derating factor. You
derate welds and zones.
Derating factor—The amount the used life of a weld or zone is reduced to. For
example, a zone with a derating factor of 85% means that it has 85% of the life
it would normally have.

September 2005 General Information 1-43

CT Handbook.book Page 44 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Depth—The distance from the zero depth datum at the top of the well to the
point in question. Depth can be measured from the downhole end of a string,
but depth is not related to string position.
Drawdown—The difference between the bottomhole pressure at the reservoir
and the reservoir pressure. The change in pressure causes the fluid in a
reservoir to flow into the well. In a killed well, there is no drawdown because
the bottomhole pressure is equal to the reservoir pressure.

-E-
E-line capable—A work reel that is e-line capable has connections for an
electrical cable installed inside the CT string.
Effective wall—The effective wall of a CT string is the minimum wall minus
the wall reduction. It represents the worst case for the actual wall thickness
used in tubing life and strength calculations.
Effective well—The effective well is what is used in force and hydraulics
calculations. In general, the effective well follows the innermost tubulars
(tubing, casing, liners, and open hole).

-F-
Failure criterion—The point which the fatigue simulator software uses as
100% used life for a string. Failure can be defined in two ways: as crack
initiation, or as fracture. In crack initiation the beginnings of a crack appears
on the CT. In fracture, the crack has propagated through the wall of the CT and
the CT cannot hold pressure.
Foam quality—The ratio of the volume of gas over the total volume of the
fluid. Foam with a quality of 1 is all gas. A foam with a quality of 0 is all liquid.
Foam quality is dependent on temperature, as temperature affects the volume
of gas.
Freeboard—The distance from the top of the last wrap of coiled tubing to the
outside of the flange of the reel. For safety reasons, the reel is never completely
filled with coiled tubing. Some operators recommend a different freeboard for
each coiled tubing diameter. The more freeboard, the less the reel capacity.

-G-
Gate valve—A valve which employs a sliding gate to open or close the flow
passage. The valve may or may not be full-opening (as per API Recommended
Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).

1-44 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 45 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Gauge pressure—The pressure indicated by a pressure gauge. (0 psi gauge

pressure = atmospheric pressure) Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure
equals absolute pressure. Note that it is possible to have a negative gauge
pressure.

-H-
Helical buckling—The point where a section of CT begins to form a helix in
the well casing. In a vertical well, helical buckling begins as soon as any
compressive load is applied. The helix introduces additional bending stresses
and friction, which can lead to lockup.
Helical buckling load—The amount of force required to reach helical
buckling.
Hoop stress—The stress around the circumference of the CT due to inner and
outer pressure. The hoop stress is part of the Von Mises stress.

-I-
Inclination—The inclination in well survey data is the angle, in degrees,
between the well axis and the vertical axis at a given depth. A vertical section
of well has an inclination of 0 degrees. A horizontal section of well has an
inclination of 90 degrees.

-K-
Kill line—A high-pressure line between the pumps and some point below a
well control component. This line allows fluids to be pumped into the well or
annulus with the well control component closed (as per API Recommended
Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).

-L-
Lockup depth—The depth, if any, at which the increased drag due to helical
buckling causes the downhole end of the tubing to stop moving into the well,
even though tubing may still be entering the well at the surface. If this occurs,
the bottom of the well cannot be reached and the job cannot be performed with
the existing configuration.

-M-
Measured depth—The current depth of the tubing following the trajectory of
the well as indicated by the depth counter at the surface. The actual depth may
be slightly less due to buckling. Note that measured depth is different from
True Vertical Depth.

September 2005 General Information 1-45

CT Handbook.book Page 46 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Minimum wall—The minimum wall is the smallest allowable thickness for a

given nominal wall according to the manufacturer's specifications. Although
the actual wall thickness will in most cases be greater, for critical calculation
purposes, the minimum wall thickness is used to ensure that a worst-case
scenario is considered.

-N-
Newtonian fluid—Newtonian is the model for fluids exhibiting a linear
relationship between shear stress and shear rate. Few oil field fluids are truly
Newtonian, but the Newtonian model is the best known and easiest to
understand. Fresh water can be modeled as a Newtonian fluid.
Nominal wall—The nominal wall is the target wall thickness sold by the
manufacturer and commonly referred to by users. The actual wall size may
vary within the plus and minus specifications quoted by the manufacturer.

-P-
Pipe ram—The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal around
coiled tubing to close and isolate pressure in the annular space below the rams
(as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Pipe/slip ram—The rams in a well control stack which are designed to provide
the functions of both a pipe ram and a slip ram in one ram body (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Plug valve—A valve whose mechanism consists of a plug with a hole through
it on the same axis as the direction of fluid flow. Turning the plug 90 degrees
opens or closes the valve. The valve may or may not be full-opening (as per
API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
POOH—An acronym for “pulling out of hole.”
Position—Position on a string is the distance measured from the reel core end
to the point in question. The reel core end is at position zero. Position is not
related to depth, although depth is measured from the free end of a string.
Power fluid—Pressurized hydraulic fluid dedicated to the direct operation of
functions (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December
1996).
Power Law fluid—Power Law is the model for fluids exhibiting a non-linear
relationship between shear stress and shear rate. Many oil field fluids, both
water-based muds and hydrocarbons, are modeled using the Power Law.
Precharge—An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which is further
compressed when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing

1-46 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 47 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

potential energy (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition,
December 1996).
Pressure Test, well control component—The process of performing an
internal pressure test on the well control component or well control stack (as
per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Primary barrier—The primary barrier is the means which allows the coiled
tubing service to be performed in underbalanced conditions. Since coiled
tubing service units are designed to operate with surface well pressure present,
the primary barrier is the stripper packer.

-R-
Radial stress—The stress through the CT wall due to inner and outer pressure.
The radial stress is part of the Von Mises stress.
Reel back tension—The tension maintained at the reel to insure that the tubing
on the reel does not uncoil or become slack. Reel back tension only affects the
surface weight calculation, not the downhole forces, since the tubing is held at
the injector.
Regulator (pressure)—A hydraulic device that reduces upstream supply
pressure to a desired (regulated) pressure. It may be manual or remotely
operated and, once set, will automatically maintain the regulated output
pressure unless reset to a different pressure.
RIH—An acronym for “running in hole.”
RTKB—RTKB (rotary table Kelly bushing) is the depth reference typically
used by conventional drilling rigs when they drill a well.

-S-
Secondary barrier—The secondary barrier is the means which provides a
contingency for maintaining well control in the event the primary barrier is
unable to function properly. For coiled tubing service units, the secondary
barrier may include additional surface well control components, such as BOPs
or kill weight fluids.
Section—A CT string is divided into sections which have different physical
properties, such as different wall sizes.
Shear ram—The rams in a well control stack which are designed to shear the
coiled tubing located directly across the ram position (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).

September 2005 General Information 1-47

CT Handbook.book Page 48 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Shear/blind ram—The rams in a well control stack which are designed to

provide the functions of both a shear ram and a blind ram in one ram body (as
per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Shipping spool—A shipping spool is a spool used to hold a CT string for
shipping purposes only, and is not used for a job like a work reel.
Shut-off valve—A valve that closes a hydraulic or pneumatic supply line (as
per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Sinusoidal buckling—The CT snaking back and forth in the form of a sine
wave. Also called snake buckling. Sinusoidal buckling is not critical and does
not affect tubing forces calculations.
Sinusoidal buckling load—The compressive axial force at which the CT
begins sinusoidal buckling.
Slip ram—The rams in a well control stack which are equipped with tubing
slips that, when engaged, prevent movement of the coiled tubing but do not
isolate pressure or control flow (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First
Edition, December 1996).
Snubbing—Condition for working coiled tubing through an energized
stripper, where wellbore pressure applied against the cross-sectional area of the
tube creates an upward acting force greater than the weight of the tubing in the
wellbore. In this condition mechanical assistance is required to apply thrust to
the tubing while injecting or to maintain control of the tubing when extracting.
This condition is commonly called pipe-light operations (as per API
Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996).
Stored hydraulic fluid volume—The fluid volume recoverable from the
accumulator system between the maximum designed accumulator operating
pressure and the precharge pressure (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7,
First Edition, December 1996).
String—The makeup of a specific length of coiled tubing used for well
intervention (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December
1996).
Stripper—A device with a resilient elastomeric element used to effect a seal
in the annulus. This device is used primarily to isolate well pressure from the
atmosphere when injecting or extracting the coiled tubing in pressurized
wellbores (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, Dec. 1996).
Stripper friction—The frictional force caused by the compression of the
stripper packing elements on the tubing. This friction always acts in the
opposite direction of the tubing movement. Although variable, it is usually
assumed to lie in the range of 300 to 1,000 lb of force.

1-48 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 49 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Surface weight—The weight measured at the surface as the CT is run into and
out of the well.
System pressure test—Integrity test to verify the ability of the pipe and
pressure containment equipment in service to maintain a pressure seal (API
Recommended Practice 5C7, 1st Edition, Dec. 1996).

-T-
Target depth—Most hydraulics calculations are performed with a particular
CT depth in mind. This depth is the target depth.
Tensile strength—The maximum tensile stresses which a material is capable
of sustaining. Tensile strength is calculated from the maximum load during a
tension test carried to rupture and the original cross-sectional area of the
specimen (as per API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December
1996).
Tension—When a portion of a CT string is being pulled, it is in tension.
Tension is the opposite of compression.
Tool—A single component in a tool string, e.g. connector, nozzle, or packer.
Tool String—A tool string is a bottomhole assembly (BHA) composed of
tools.
Trip—One trip is the string running into and out of the hole.
True vertical depth—Vertical distance from the surface to a point in the well.

-U-
Used life—Used life of a work string comes from accumulated fatigue and
derating. The used life of a work string is represented by a percentage. A new
string has 0% used life. A work string should be retired or repaired before it
reaches too high a used life.

-V-
Von Mises stress (vm)—A common method for describing the yielding of
steel under combined states of stress, and includes the influences of axial stress
( a), radial stress ( r), and hoop stress ( h).

σ vm =
1
[(σ a − σ r )2 + (σ a − σ h )2 + (σ r − σ h )2 ]
2

September 2005 General Information 1-49

CT Handbook.book Page 50 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

-W-
Wall reduction—The reduction in wall thickness due to exposure to service
conditions such as acid jobs and sand abrasion.

Work reel—A work reel is a reel you use for an actual job, as opposed to a
shipping spool, which is only used for shipping or storage.

Work string—A work string is a CT string which is actively used in coiled

tubing operations. When a work string accumulates too much fatigue, it may
be retired and used for other purposes.

-Y-
Yield strength—The stress at which a material exceeds its elastic limits and
the material begins to deform permanently.

Young’s Modulus—The modulus of elasticity of the material. Young's

Modulus is a measurement of how elastic a material is, or how much a material
can bend and still return to its original shape. Young's Modulus for steel is
30,000,000 psi.

-Z-
Zero depth datum—The point from which depth is measured at the wellsite
(depth = 0). This may be the Master Valve, ground level, RTKB, at the reel, or
any other user specified position.

Zone—You use zones to flag portions of a CT string and to manually derate

fatigue life.

1-50 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 51 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Coiled Tubing Cable Installation System

(Installs/Removes Cable while Coiled Tubing is on the Reel)

Figure 1.1—CT cable installation system

• Available service from CT manufacturer

• Fast (up to 200 ft per minute)
• No impact on working life of CT
• All CT sizes
• Small footprint (79-in. × 73-in.)
• Installs plastic coated cable
• DNV Certification available
CTES, L.C. has developed a system that pumps cable into and out of coiled
tubing (CT) while it is still on the reel. This development was a joint industry
project (JIP) for six companies: Atlas Wireline, Halliburton Energy Services,
Nowsco Well Services, Precision Tube Technology, Quality Tubing, and
Dowell Schlumberger. The cable injector greatly reduces the installation cost
compared to vertical or horizontal installations.

The system uses a capstan wheel inside a high-pressure housing. The cable
enters the housing through a wireline pressure control head. After six wraps
around the wheel, the cable exits the cable injector housing and enters the CT.
A hydraulic motor drives the capstan wheel which pulls the cable through the

September 2005 General Information 1-51

CT Handbook.book Page 52 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

pressure control head. Water pumped at a high flow rate through the CT flushes
the cable through. Typical cable installation rates are 100 to 200 ft/min.

These cable injection systems are skid mounted for ease of transport offshore
(Figure 1.2). This allows lifting a CT string onto a platform without the cable
inside, reducing the total weight of lift. The cable can then be installed before
and removed after a job.

Figure 1.2—Cable injection system

1-52 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 53 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

The cable feeds off the wireline spooling unit vertically to a sheave wheel,
down to another sheave, and then to the cable injector (Figure 1.3). This
allows the cable spool to rotate around the vertical axis removing any cable
torque before the cable enters the cable injector. When a cable is being
removed from a reel of CT, a levelwind on the cable spooling unit allows the
cable to spool neatly on the reel (Figure 1.4).

Figure 1.3—Wireline spooling unit and cable injector system

Figure 1.4—Levelwind on cable spooling unit

September 2005 General Information 1-53

 CT Handbook.book Page 54 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Cables and Slickline Information

Slicklines - Minimum Breaking Loads
Rec. Rec.
Nom- Nom- Plain Plain UHT UHT 316 316
Supa Supa Min Min
inal inal Carb- Carb- Carb- Carb- Stain- Stain-
75 75 Pulley Pulley
Dia. Dia. on on on on less less
(lb/ft) (kN) Dia. Dia.
(In.) (mm) (lb/ft) (kN) (lb/ft) (kN) (lb/ft) (kN)
(in.) (mm)
0.082 2.08 1240 5.5 1610 7.2 1100 4.9 1240 5.5 10 254
0.092 2.34 1545 6.9 2050 9.1 1400 6.2 1550 6.9 11 279
0.108 2.74 2110 9.4 2730 12.1 1920 8.5 2030 9.0 13 330
0.125 3.18 2830 12.6 3665 16.3 2500 11.1 2560 11.4 15 381

Swablines - Minimum Breaking Loads

Galvanised Galvanised 316 Stainless
Diameter Diameter Conventional Dyform Conventional
(in.) (mm)
(lbf) (kN) (lbf) (kN) (lbf) (kN)
3/16 4.76 4960 22.1 6170 27.5 3990 17.8
7/32 5.56 6610 29.5 8370 37.3 5400 24.1
1/4 6.35 8640 38.5 11200 49.9 7030 31.3
5/16 7.94 13490 60.1 17550 78.2 11000 49.0

316 Stainless Supa75 Supa75

Dyform Conventional Dyform
(lbf) (kN) (lbf) (kN) (lbf) (kN)
4940 22.0 4320 19.2 4960 22.1
6500 29.0 5842 26.0 5990 26.7
8640 38.5 7600 33.9 8530 38.0
13560 60.4 11880 52.9 13380 59.6

GD Stainless and Special Alloy Wirelines

Nom. dia. Nom. nett wt per
GD 316 GD2205 GD 31MO GD 35MO GD 50N
(in.) 1,000 ft kg
0.072 6.35 875 875 875 875 875
0.082 8.23 1135 1135 1135 1135 1135
0.092 10.36 1429 1429 1575 1429 1429
0.105 13.49 1882 1862 1862 1862 1862
0.108 15.59 1970 2275 2150 1970 1970
0.125 19.12 2638 3045 2638 2638 2638

1-54 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 55 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Camesa, Inc.™ Cable Type Designation

Example
1 N 32 P P

Number of Electrical Conductors

Armor Package
(Number Inner Wires/Number Outer Wires)

B - 12/24 J - 24/24
C - 18/24 K - 15/15
E - 12/15 L - 12/12
F - 11/15 N - 12/18
G - 10/16 O - other
H - 18/18

Nominal Cable Diameter in Hundredths of an inch

Type of Electrical Copper Strand

R -
6 wires around 1 central wire
S -
6 wires around 1 central wire
P -
12 wires around 6 wires around 1 wire
T -
18 wires around 12 wires around 6 wires
around 1 wire
Y - others

Type of Electrical Insulation

P - Propylene Copolymer
T - FEP™*
Z - ETFE (Tetzel)™*
X - Camiane
A - PFA™*
E - PTFE

*Dupont trademark

September 2005 General Information 1-55

CT Handbook.book Page 56 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Commonly Used Cables: Electric Lines

Cable Size Nom Dia Max Temp Cable Break Wgt No Armour
Type (in.) (in.) (°F) Strength* (lb) (lb/kft) Wires (I/O)
1K22PP 7/32 .224 300 5,200 94 15/15
1K22PZ 7/32 .224 500 5,200 96 15/15
1N22PP 7/32 .224 300 5,200 94 12/18
1N22PZ 7/32 .224 500 5,200 96 12/18
1N32PP 5/16 .322 300 11,000 188 12/18
1N32PTZ 5/16 .322 500 11,000 192 12/18
1N29PTZ 9/32 .288 500 9,100 159 12/18
7H38RP 3/8 .378 300 13,000 240 18/18
7H42RP 7/16 .428 300 18,500 310 18/18
7H42RZ 7/16 .428 500 18,500 319 18/18
7J46RP 15/32 .464 300 18,500 321 24/24
7J46RTZ 15/32 .464 500 18,000 341 24/24
7H47RP Slammer .476 300 22,000 377 18/18
7H47RTZ Slammer .476 500 22,000 392 18/18
*Maximum working tension = 1/2 breaking strength

Wire Break Min Sheave

Nom Stretch Nom Res Nom Cap Max Volt
Strength Diameter
Coe (ft/kft/klb) (ohm/kft) (pf/ft) (DC)
(lb) (In/Out) (in.)
139/280 2.2 14 4.0 60 1000
139/280 2.3 14 4.0 69 1000
212/212 2.5 12 4.1 58 1000
212/212 2.6 12 4.1 68 1000
434/434 1.2 18 2.9 46 1500
434/434 1.3 18 2.9 45 1500
351/351 1.6 16 3.5 55 1500
300/580 .95 21 9.8 64 1000
401/750 .80 24 9.8 53 1000
401/750 .73 24 9.8 62 1000
338/535 .82 20 9.8 40 1200
338/535 .82 20 9.8 39 1200
460/910 .61 26 9.8 46 1000
460/910 .61 26 9.8 46 1000

1-56 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 57 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

VannGun™ Assemblies
This information is provided for quick reference only. Important information
should be checked for current validity before use.

1 9/16-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Pres. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf Millennium
0° 4 (1.22) 21 (9) 17 (8)
Millen- 60° 20,000 70,000 7 (2.13) 31 (14) 24 (11)
100157028 HMX 4
nium™ 90° (1379) (31 746) 11 (3.35) 46 (21) 34 (15)
180° 15 (4.57) 60 (27) 44 (20)
21 (6.40) 81 (37) 59 (27)
6 spf Millennium
4 (1.22) 21 (10) 17 (8)
Millen- 20,000 70,000 7 (2.13) 32 (14) 24 (11)
100157028 HMX 6 60°
nium™ (1379) (31 746) 11 (3.35) 48 (22) 34 (15)
15 (4.57) 63 (28) 44 (20)
21 (6.40) 85 (30) 59 (27)

2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf Millennium
100008017 HMX SDP
4 (1.22) 28 (13) 23 (10)
0° 7 (2.13) 44 (20) 35 (16)
101206246 HMX BH 60° 20,000 77,000
4 11 (3.35) 66 (30) 51 (23)
90° (1379) (34 921)
Millen- 180° 15 (4.57) 87 (39) 63 (29)
101208224 HMX
nium™ 21 (6.40) 120 (54) 92 (42)
100157018 HNS DP
6 spf Millennium
100008017 HMX SDP
4 (1.22) 28 (13) 23 (10)
7 (2.13) 44 (20) 35 (16)
101206246 HMX BH 20,000 77,000
6 60° 11 (3.35) 66 (30) 51 (23)
(1379) (34 921)
Millen- 15 (4.57) 87 (39) 63 (29)
101208224 HMX
nium™ 21 (6.40) 120 (54) 92 (42)
100157018 HNS DP

September 2005 General Information 1-57

 CT Handbook.book Page 58 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

2 1/2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf Millennium
0° 4 (1.22) 43 (20) 34 (15)
Millen- 60° 20,000 121,000 7 (2.13) 67 (30) 52 (24)
101206251 HMX 4
nium™ 90° (1379) (54 875) 11 (3.35) 98 (44) 75 (34)
180° 15 (4.57) 129 (59) 98 (44)
21 (6.40) 176 (80) 133 (60)
6 spf Millennium
4 (1.22) 45 (20) 34 (15)
Millen- 20,000 121,000 7 (2.13) 70 (32) 52 (24)
101206251 HMX 6 60°
nium™ (1379) (54 875) 11 (3.35) 104 (47) 75 (34)
15 (4.57) 133 (60) 98 (44)
21 (6.4) 189 (86) 133 (60)

2 3/4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Collapse Weights
Explo- Tensile
Charge Charge Phas- Press.
sive SPF Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing psi
Type lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
(bars)
Millen-
101233817 HMX 4 spf Millennium
nium™
100157026 RDX SDP 4 (1.22) 57 (26) 50 (23)
22,000 134,000
101206793 RDX BH 4 180° 8 (2.44) 97 (44) 82 (37)
(1517) (60 771)
100010399 HMX SDP 11 (3.35) 127 (58) 105 (48)
101251723 HNS SDP 16 (4.88) 173 (78) 145 (66)
101201843 PYX SDP 22 (6.71) 237 (108) 193 (88)
Millen-
101233817 HMX 6 spf Millennium
nium™
100157026 RDX SDP 60° 4 (1.22) 59 (27) 50 (23)
20,000 134,000
101206793 RDX BH 6 Two 8 (2.44) 102 (46) 82 (37)
(1379) (54 875)
100010399 HMX SDP Row 11(3.35) 134 (61) 105 (48)
101251723 HNS SDP 16(4.88) 183 (83) 145 (66)
101201843 PYX SDP 22 (6.71) 252 (114) 193 (88)
Millen-
101233817 HMX
nium™
100157026 RDX SDP
22,000 134,000
101206793 RDX BH 6 60°
(1517) (60 771)
100010399 HMX SDP
101251723 HNS SDP
101201843 PYX SDP

1-58 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 59 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

2 7/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
6 spf Millennium
4 (1.22) 62 (28) 54 (24)
Millen- 22,000 142,000 8 (2.44) 106 (48) 86 (39)
101233817 HMX 6 60°
nium™ (1517) (64 399) 11 (3.35) 138 (63) 110 (50)
16 (4.88) 186 (84) 150 (68)
22 (6.71) 258 (117) 198 (90)

2 7/8-in. Heavy Wall Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
6 spf Millennium
4 (1.22) 64 (29) 55 (25)
Millen- 22,000 142,000 8 (2.44) 112 (51) 92 (42)
101233817 HMX 6 60°
nium™ (1517) (64 399) 11 (3.35) 148 (67) 120 (54)
16 (4.88) 204 (93) 166 (75)
22 (6.71) 281 (127) 221 (100)

3 3/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf DP
100005322 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 86 (39) 77 (35)
8 (2.44) 144 (65) 125 (57)
100005327 HMX DP
11 (3.35) 187 (85) 160 (73)
16 (4.88) 256 (116) 219 (99)
100008014 RDX SDP 60°
25,000 238,000 22 (6.71) 345 (157) 290 (132)
4 90°
SDP/L (1724) (107 937) 4 spf SDP and Millennium
101293450 RDX 180°
D 4 (1.22) 89 (40) 77 (35)
Millen- 8 (2.44) 149 (68) 125 (57)
101233819 HMX
nium™ 11 (3.35) 195 (88) 160 (73)
16 (4.88) 268 (121) 219 (99)
100008015 PYX SDP
22 (6.71) 361 (164) 290 (132)

September 2005 General Information 1-59

 CT Handbook.book Page 60 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

3 3/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies (Continued)

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
5 spf SDP and Millennium
100008014 RDX SDP
4 (1.22) 90 (41) 77 (35)
8 (2.44) 153 (69) 125 (57)
100008249 HMX SDP 20,000 238,000
5 0° 11 (3.35) 201 (91) 160 (73)
(1379) (107 937)
Millen- 16 (4.88) 277 (126) 219 (99)
101233819 HMX
nium™ 22 (6.71) 374 (170) 290 (132)
100008015 PYX SDP
100005333 RDX DP 6 spf SDP and Millennium
100008014 RDX SDP 4 (1.22) 92 (42) 77 (35)
SDP/L
101293450 RDX 8 (2.44) 158 (72) 125 (57)
D
100008249 HMX DP 11 (3.35) 207 (94) 160 (73)
Millen- 25,000 238,000
10123819 HMX 6 60° 16 (4.88) 287 (130) 219 (99)
nium™ (1724) (107 955)
Domi-
101309223 HMX 22 (6.71) 388 (176) 290 (132)
nator™
100008015 PYX SDP
100005321 RDX BH
100157017 HMX BH
100005333 RDX DP
100008014 RDX SDP
SDP/L
101293450 RDX
D
100008249 HMX DP
60°
Millen- 23,000 238,000
101233819 HMX 6 Two
nium™ (1586) (107 955)
Row
Domi-
101309223 HMX
nator™
100008015 PYX SDP
101295321 RDX BH
100007017 HMX BH
8 spf BH
100008251 RDX BH 4 (1.22) 86 (39) 77 (35)
21,000 238,000 8 (2.44) 144 (65) 125 (57)
8 180°
(1448) (107 955) 11 (3.35) 187 (85) 160 (73)
100005312 HMX BH 16 (4.88) 256 (116) 219 (99)
22 (6.71) 345 (156) 290 (132)

1-60 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 61 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

3 3/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies (Continued)

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
12 spf BH
100008251 RDX BH 30”/15 4 (1.22) 89 (40) 77 (35)
0” 23,000 238,000 8 (2.44) 150 (68) 125 (57)
12
OMNI (1586) (107 955) 11 (3.35) 197 (88) 160 (73)
100005312 HMX BH ™ 16 (4.88) 271 (123) 219 (99)
22 (6.71) 365 (166) 290 (132)

4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf DP
100005322 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 107 (49) 99 (45)
8 (2.44) 173 (78) 155 (70)
100005327 HMX DP
11 (3.35) 223 (101) 197 (89)
16 (4.88) 297 (135) 267 (121)
100005323 PYX DP
22 (6.71) 404 (183) 351 (159)
60° 20,000 278,000
4 4 spf SDP
100008014 RDX SDP 90° (1379) (126 077)
4 (1.22) 110 (50) 99 (45)
8 (2.44) 179 (81) 155 (70)
101293450 RDX SDP/LD
11 (3.35) 230 (104) 197 (89)
16 (4.88) 309 (140) 267 (121)
100008249 HMX SDP
22 (6.71) 420 (191) 351 (159)
100008015 PYX SDP
6 spf DP
100005322 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 111 (50) 99 (45)
8 (2.44) 180 (82) 155 (70)
100005327 HMX DP
11 (3.35) 233 (106) 197 (89)
16 (4.88) 319 (144) 267 (121)
100005323 PYX DP
22 (6.71) 424 (192) 351 (159)
20,000 278,000
6 60° 6 spf SDP
100008014 RDX SDP (1379) (126 077)
4 (1.22) 114 (52) 99 (45)
8 (2.44) 189 (86) 155 (70)
101293450 RDX SDP/LD
11 (3.35) 244 (111) 197 (89)
16 (4.88) 336 (152) 267 (121)
100008249 HMX SDP
22 (6.71) 448 (203) 351 (159)
100008015 PYX SDP

September 2005 General Information 1-61

 CT Handbook.book Page 62 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

4 5/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
4 spf DP
100005322 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 145 (66) 135 (61)
8 (2.44) 231(105) 208 (94)
100005327 HMX DP
11(3.35) 296 (134) 265 (120)
16 (4.88) 396 (179) 357 (162)
100005323 PYX DP
22 (6.71) 534 (242) 469 (213)
20,000 414,000
4 180° 4 spf 39 g Millennium
100008014 RDX SDP (1379) (187 755)
4 (1.22) 152 (69) 135 (61)
8 (2.44) 248 (113) 208 (94)
101293450 RDX SDP/LD
11 (3.35) 320 (145) 265 (120)
16 (4.88) 432 (196) 357 (162)
100008249 HMX SDP
22 (6.71) 584 (265) 469 (213)
100008015 PYX SDP
Millen- 5 spf 39 g Millennium
101210636 HMX
nium 4 (1.22) 156 (71) 135 (61)
60°
20,000 414,000 8 (2.44) 257 (117) 208 (94)
101287306 HNS SDP 5
(1379) (187 755) 11 (3.35) 333 (151) 265 (120)
16 (4.88) 447 (203) 357 (162)
101321963 RDX SH 135°
22 (6.71) 611 (277) 469 (213)
100005322 RDX DP 6 spf 32 g DP
100005327 HMX DP 4 (1.22) 147 (67) 134 (61)
100005323 PYX DP 8 (2.44) 235 (107) 207 (94)
20,000 414,000
100008014 RDX SDP 6 60° 11 (3.35) 301 (137) 262 (119)
(1379) (187 755)
101293450 RDX SDP/LD 16 (4.88) 405 (184) 354 (161)
100008249 HMX SDP 22 (6.71) 544 (247) 464 (210)
100008015 PYX SDP
8 spf SH
100005311 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 151 (69) 134 (61)
8 (2.44) 245 (111) 207 (94)
101228756 RDX SH/LD 8 45°/135° 20,000 414,000
11 (3.35) 316 (143) 262 (119)
180° (1379) (187 755)
16 (4.88) 420 (191) 353 (160)
100156995 HMX SH
22 (6.71) 574 (260) 462 (210)
101233690 HMX SH/LD

1-62 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 63 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

4 5/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies (Continued)

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
100005324 RDX DP 8 spf DP
100005325 RDX DP/LD 4 (1.22) 152 (69) 134 (61)
100014352 HMX DP 8 (2.44) 247 (112) 207 (94)
100005340 HMX DP/LD 11 (3.35) 319 (144) 262 (119)
Millen-
101210674 HMX 18,000 414,000 16 (4.88) 424 (192) 353 (160)
nium™ 8 180°
(1241) (187 755)
100157060 PYX DP 22 (6.71) 580 (263) 462 (210)
100005319 RDX BH
100005326 RDX BH/LD
100157006 HMX BH
120038060 HMX BH/LD
100005319 RDX BH/LD 11 spf BH
100005326 RDX BH 4 (1.22) 153 (69) 129 (59)
100157006 HMX BH/LD 8 (2.44) 252 (114) 197 (89)
120038060 HMX DP 11 (3.35) 326 (148) 248 (112)
140°/ 16.000 414,000
100005324 RDX DP 11 16 (4.88) 438 (199) 334 (151)
160° (1103) (187 755)
Millen-
100014352 HMX 22 (6.71) 600 (272) 436 (198)
nium™
101210674 HMX DP
100157060 PYX BH/LD
100005324 RDX DP 12 spf Millennium
100005325 RDX DP/LD 4 (1.22) 158 (72) 127 (58)
100014352 HMX DP 8 (2.44) 262 (119) 194 (88)
100005340 HMX DP/LD 11 (3.35) 340 (154) 244 (111)
Millen-
101210674 HMX 16 (4.88) 459 (208) 327 (148)
nium™
100157060 PYX DP 22 (6.71) 626 (284) 427 (194)
100005319 RDX BH 12 spf BH
100005326 RDX BH/LD 4 (1.22) 154 (70) 127 (58)
30°/150° 20,000 414,000
100157006 HMX BH 12 8 (2.44) 254 (115) 194 (88)
OMNI™ (1379) (187 755)
120038060 HMX BH/LD 11 (3.35) 328 (149) 244 (111)
16 (4.88) 442 (200) 327 (148)
100005311 RDX SH
22 (6.71) 602 (273) 427 (194)
12 spf SH
101228756 RDX SH/LD
4 (1.22) 150 (68) 127 (58)
8 (2.44) 245 (111) 194 (88)
199156995 HMX SH
11 (3.35) 315 (143) 244 (111)
16 (4.88) 422 (191) 327 (148)
101233690 HMX SH/LD
22 (6.71) 575 (281) 427 (194)

September 2005 General Information 1-63

 CT Handbook.book Page 64 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

4 5/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies (Continued)

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
14 spf SH
100005311 RDX SH 4 (1.22) 150 (68) 124 (56)
25.7°/ 20,000 414,000 8 (2.44) 244 (111) 188 (85)
14
128.5° (1379) (187 755) 11 (3.35) 315 (143) 235 (107)
100156995 HMX SH 16 (4.88) 422 (192) 314 (142)
22 (6.71) 575 (261) 410 (186)
18 spf
100156990 RDX BH 4 (1.22) 139 (63) 118 (54)
18,000 414,000 8 (2.44) 222 (101) 176 (80)
18 45°/135°
(1241) (187 755) 11 (3.35) 285 (129) 219 (99)
100157005 HMX DP 16 (4.88) 379 (172) 291 (132)
22 (6.71) 513 (233) 378 (171)

1-64 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 65 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

4 ¾-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
12 spf BH
100005324 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 169 (77) 144 (65)
8 (2.44) 284 (129) 228 (103)
100005325 RDX DP/LD
11 (3.35) 370 (168) 291 (132)
16 (4.88) 505 (229) 395 (179)
100014352 HMX DP
22 (6.71) 685 (311) 521 (236)
12 spf DP
100005340 HMX DP/LD
4 (1.22) 166 (75) 144 (65)
Millen- 8 (2.44) 277 (126) 228 (103)
101210674 HMX
nium™ 11 (3.35) 361 (164) 291 (132)
16 (4.88) 491 (223) 395 (179)
100157060 PYX DP
22 (6.71) 666 (302) 521 (236)
30°/150° 24,000 516,000 12 spf Millennium
12
100005319 RDX BH OMNI™ (1655) (234 014)
4 (1.22) 173 (78) 144 (65)
8 (2.44) 292 (132) 228 (103)
100005326 RDX BH/LD
11 (3.35) 381 (173) 291 (132)
16 (4.88) 522 (237) 395 (179)
100157006 HMX BH
22 (6.71) 709 (321) 521 (236)
12 spf SH
120038060 HMX BH/LD
4 (1.22) 165 (75) 144 (65)
8 (2.44) 275 (125) 228 (103)
100005311 RDX SH
11 (3.35) 357 (162) 291 (132)
16 (4.88) 485 (220) 395 (179)
101228756 RDX SH/LD
22 (6.71) 657 (298) 521 (236)
100156995 HMX SH
101233690 HMX SH/LD

September 2005 General Information 1-65

 CT Handbook.book Page 66 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

5-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
12 spf SH
100005311 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 175 (79) 152 (69)
8 (2.44) 280 (127) 230 (104)
101228756 RDX SH/LD 30°/150° 18,000 427,000
12 11 (3.35) 359 (163) 288 (131)
OMNI™ (1241) (193 651)
16 (4.88) 490 (222) 385 (175)
100156995 HMX SH
22 (6.71) 648 (294) 502 (228)
101233690 HMX SH/LD
14 spf SH
100005311 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 177 (80) 152 (69)
8 (2.44) 286 (130) 230 (104)
101228756 RDX SH/LD 25.7°/ 17,000 427,000
14 11 (3.35) 368 (167) 288 (131)
128.5° (1172) (193 651)
16 (4.88) 504 (228) 386 (175)
100156995 HMX SH
22 (6.71) 667 (302) 503 (228)
101233690 HMX SH/LD
18 spf SH
101268719 RDX SH 4 (1.22) 181 (82) 152 (69)
60°/120° 17,000 427,000 8 (2.44) 296 (134) 229 (104)
18
3/Plane (1172) (193 651) 11 (3.35) 383 (174) 288 (130)
AR HMX SH 16 (4.88) 527 (239) 385 (174)
22 (6.71) 701 (318) 501 (227)
21 spf BH
4 (1.22) 185 (84) 152 (69)
60°/120° 16,000 427,000 8 (2.44) 304 (138) 229 (104)
101292616 RDX BH 21
3/Plane (1103) (193 651) 11 (3.35) 393 (178) 287 (130)
16 (4.88) 540 (245) 384 (174)
22 (6.71) 717 (325) 500 (227)

1-66 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 67 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

5 1/8-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
6 spf 56.50 g SH
101240223 RDX
18,000 520,000 4 (1.22) 187 (85) 160 (73)
SH 6 135°
(1241) (239 929) 8 (2.44) 305 (138) 244 (111)
AR HMX
11 (3.35) 393 (178) 307 (139)
100005319 RDX BH 16 (4.88) 499 (226) 412 (187)
100005326 RDX BH/LD 22 (6.71) 717 (325) 538 (244)
100157006 HMX BH 12 spf 22.7 g
120038060 HMX BH/LD 4 (1.22) 181 (82) 157 (71)
100005324 RDX DP 8 (2.44) 290 (132) 239 (108)
100005325 RDX DP/LD 11 (3.35) 372 (169) 300 (136)
100014352 HMX DP 16 (4.88) 505 (229) 401 (182)
16,000 520,000
100005340 HMX DP/LD 12 OMNI™ 22 (6.71) 672 (305) 523 (237)
(1103) (239 929)
Millen-
101210674 HMX 12 spf 28 g SH
nium™
100157060 PYX DP 4 (1.22) 180 (81) 157 (71)
100005311 RDX SH 8 (2.44) 287 (130) 239 (108)
101228756 RDX SH/LD 11 (3.35) 368 (167) 300 (136)
100156995 HMX SH 16 (4.88) 499 (226) 401 (182)
101233690 HMX SH/LD 22 (6.71) 663 (301) 523 (237)
14 spf 28 g SH
4 (1.22) 182 (82) 157 (71)
8 (2.44) 292 (133) 238 (108)
100157007 RDX
11 (3.35) 375 (170) 298 (135)
16 (4.88) 511 (232) 399 (181)
25.7°/ 16,000 520,000 22 (6.71) 679 (308) 520 (236)
SH 14
128.5° (1103) (239 929) 14 spf 32 g SH
4 (1.22) 186 (84) 157 (71)
8 (2.44) 302 (137) 238 (108)
100157011 HMX
11 (3.35) 389 (176) 298 (135)
16 (4.88) 531 (241) 399 (181)
22 (6.71) 708 (321) 520 (236)
21 spf
101292616 RDX 4 (1.22) 190 (86) 156 (71)
60°/120° 16,000 520,000 8 (2.44) 311 (141) 236 (107)
BH 21
3/Plane (1103) (239 929) 11 (3.35) 402 (182) 296 (134)
AR HMX 16 (4.88) 553 (251) 395 (179)
22 (6.71) 734 (333) 515 (234)

September 2005 General Information 1-67

 CT Handbook.book Page 68 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

5 3/4-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
14 spf SH
4 (1.22) 216 (98) 192 (87)
25.7°/ 17,000 512,000 8 (2.44) 344 (156) 293 (133)
101278515 RDX SH/LD 14
128.5° (1172) (232 200) 11 (3.35) 442 (200) 369 (167)
16 (4.88) 647 (294) 496 (225)
22 (6.71) 859 (389) 648 (294)

6-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
12 spfDP
100156993 RDX DP
4 (1.22) 272 (123) 216 (98)
8 (2.44) 447 (203) 318 (144)
100156994 HMX DP
51.4°/ 15,000 672,000 15 (4.57) 706 (320) 497 (225)
12
154.2° (1034) (304 762) 12 spfBH
100156992 HMX BH
4 (1.22) 251 (114) 216 (98)
8 (2.44) 398 (181) 318 (144)
100156991 RDX BH
15 (4.57) 608 (276) 497 (225)

1-68 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 69 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

6 1/2-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Explo. Charge Phas-
SPF Press. Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type Type ing
psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
Mirage 12 spf BH Mirage
101228161 RDX ®
BH 4 (1.22) 275 (125) 240 (109)
Mirage 8 (2.44) 431 (195) 354 (160)
101304878 RDX
SH 15,000 480,000 16 (4.88) 733 (333) 582 (264)
12 45°/135°
(1034) (217 687) 12 spf SH/LD
101213474 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 277 (126) 240 (109)
8 (2.44) 435 (197) 354 (160)
101212693 RDX SH/LD
16 (4.88) 743 (337) 582 (264)
14 spf SH Mirage
Mirage
101228161 RDX 4 (1.22) 277 (124) 240 (109)
BH
8 (2.44) 437 (198) 354 (160)
15,000 480,000 16 (4.88) 754 (342) 582 (264)
Mirage 14 138°
(1034) (217 687)
101304878 RDX 14 spf SH
SH
4 (1.22) 283 (128) 240 (109)
8 (2.44) 451 (205) 354 (160)
101213474 RDX SH
16 (4.88) 784 (355) 582 (264)

6 1/2-in. High-Pressure Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Pressure Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
Mirage 12 spf BH Mirage
101228161 RDX
BH 4 (1.22) 298 (135) 268 (121)
Mirage 8 (2.44) 476 (216) 410 (186)
101304878 RDX
SH 20,000 480,000 16 (4.88) 824 (370) 684 (310)
12 45°/135°
(1379) (217 687) 12 spf SH/LD
101213474 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 300 (136) 268 (121)
8 (2.44) 481 (218) 410 (186)
101212693 RDX SH/LD
16 (4.88) 834 (378) 684 (310)

September 2005 General Information 1-69

 CT Handbook.book Page 70 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

6 1/2-in. High-Pressure Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Pressure Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
14 spf SH Mirage
Mirage
101228161 RDX 4 (1.22) 300 (136) 268 (121)
BH
8 (2.44) 482 (219) 410 (186)
16 (4.88) 841 (382) 684 (310)
Mirage 20,000 480,000
101304878 RDX 14 138° 14 spf SH
SH (1379) (217 687)
4 (1.22) 305 (138) 268 (121)
8 (2.44) 496 (225) 410 (186)
101213474 RDX SH 16 (4.88) 871 (395) 684 (310)

7-in. Premium VannGun™ Assemblies

Explo- Collapse Tensile Weights
Charge Charge Phas-
sive SPF Pressure Strength Length Loaded Spacer
Part No. Type ing
Type psi (bars) lb (kg) ft (m) lb (kg) lb (kg)
12 spf BH Mirage
100005325 RDX DP/LD
4 (1.22) 326 (148) 292 (132)
8 (2.44) 494 (224) 421 (191)
100005340 HMX DP/LD
16 (4.88) 831 (377) 679 (308)
12 spf SH/LD
101228161 RDX Mirage
BH 4 (1.22) 328 (149) 292 (132)
Mirage 12 45°/135° 13,000 802,000 8 (2.44) 499 (226) 421 (191)
101304878 RDX (897) (363 719) 16 (4.88) 841 (381) 679 (308)
SH
12 spf Millennium
101213474 RDX SH
4 (1.22) 356 (161) 292 (132)
8 (2.44) 565 (256) 421 (191)
101212693 RDX SH/LD
16 (4.88) 984 (446) 679 (308)
Millen-
101207997 HMX
nium™
14 spf SH Mirage
Mirage
101228161 RDX 4 (1.22) 328 (149) 291 (132)
BH
8 (2.44) 501 (227) 420 (190)
Mirage 13,000 802,000 16 (4.88) 847 (384) 677 (307)
101304878 RDX 14 138°
SH (897) (363,719) 14 spf SH
4 (1.22) 334 (151) 291 (132)
101213474 RDX SH 8 (2.44) 515 (234) 420 (190)
16 (4.88) 877 (398) 677 (307)

1-70 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 71 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Gun Washover/Fishing Specifications

Gun OD in.* Max Shot Minimum Casing Size
Gun Size
(Gun OD after (Density) (for washing over w/o milling
(in.)
shooting) per ft SPF guns)
1.745 4
1.563 4 in.
1.76 6
2.166 4
2 4 in.
2.203 6
TBD* 4
2.5 4.5 in. 13.5 #/ft
2.67 6
2.97 4
2.75 2.79 5 4.5 in. 9.5 #/ft
3.09 6
3.125 3.25 9 5 in. 15 #/ft
3.68 4
3.375 3.68 6 5.5 in. 23 #/ft
3.53 12
4 4.26 6 6 5/8 in. 35 #/ft
4.87 5
4.88 6
4.86 8
4.625 7 in. 35 #/ft
4.87 11
4.96 12
4.79 14
5.2 12
5 5.3 14 7 in. 26 #/ft/**
5.23 18
5.41 6
5.21 12
5.125 7 5/8 in. 39 #/ft
5.38 14
5.36 21
6 6.79 12 9 5/8 in.
6.5 6.76 14 9 5/8 in. 71.8 #/ft
7.14 12
7 9 5/8 in. 58.4 #/ft
7.15 14
**Worst case - Atmospheric pressure, submerged in water.
**It is possible to washover 5-in. guns in 7-in., 29-lb casing, but washover pipe to be
used is not a common size and is difficult to find.

September 2005 General Information 1-71

CT Handbook.book Page 72 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

O-ring Dimensions
Size *ASA Size
*ASA Part
Cross-section Part Cross-section
OD (in.) ID (in.) OD (in.) ID (in.) No.
(in.) No. (in.)
7/16 5/16 1/16 568-011 3 1/2 3 1/4 1/8 568-236
3/4 5/8 1/16 568-016 3 5/8 3 3/8 1/8 568-237
15/16 13/16 1/16 568-019 3 3/4 3 1/2 1/8 568-238
1 1/16 15/16 1/16 568-021 3 7/8 3 5/8 1/8 568-239
1 1/4 1 1/8 1/16 568-024 4 3 3/4 1/8 568-240
1 7/8 1 3/4 1/16 568-031 4 1/8 3 7/8 1/8 568-241
2 1/2 2 3/8 1/16 568-036 4 1/4 4 1/8 568-242
3 3/8 3 1/4 1/16 568-042 4 3/8 4 1/8 1/8 568-243
9/16 3/8 3/32 568-110 4 1/2 4 1/4 1/8 568-244
1 1/16 1/2 3/32 568-112 4 5/8 4 3/8 1/8 568-245
3/4 9/16 3/32 568-113 4 3/4 4 1/2 1/8 568-246
13/16 5/8 3/32 568-114 4 7/8 4 5/8 1/8 568-247
7/8 1 1/16 3/32 568-115 5 4 3/4 1/8 568-248
15/16 3/4 3/32 568-116 5 1/8 4 7/8 1/8 568-249
2 7/16 2 1/4 3/32 568-140 5 1/4 5 1/8 568-250
2 11/16 2 1/2 3/32 568-144 5 3/8 5 1/8 1/8 568-251
2 3/4 2 9/16 3/32 568-145 5 1/2 5 1/4 1/8 568-252
3 7/16 3 1/4 3/32 568-152 5 5/8 5 3/8 1/8 568-253
1 3/4 1/8 568-210 5 3/4 5 1/2 1/8 568-254
1 1/16 13/16 1/8 568-211 5 7/8 5 5/8 1/8 568-255
1 1/8 7/8 1/8 568-212 6 5 3/4 1/8 568-256
1 3/16 15/16 1/8 568-213 6 1/8 5 7/8 1/8 568-257
1 1/4 1 1/8 568-214 6 1/4 6 1/8 568-258
1 5/16 1 1/16 1/8 568-215 6 1/2 6 1/4 1/8 568-259
1 3/8 1 1/8 1/8 568-216 6 3/4 6 1/2 1/8 568-260
1 7/16 1 3/16 1/8 568-217 7 6 3/4 1/8 568-261
1 1/2 1 1/4 1/8 568-218 7 1/4 7 1/8 568-262
1 9/16 1 5/16 1/8 568-219 7 1/2 7 1/4 1/8 568-263
1 5/8 1 3/8 1/8 568-220 7 3/4 7 1/2 1/8 568-264
1 11/16 1 7/16 1/8 568-221 8 7 3/4 1/8 568-265
1 3/4 1 1/2 1/8 568-222 8 1/4 8 1/8 568-266
1 7/8 1 5/8 1/8 568-223 8 1/2 8 1/4 1/8 568-267
2 1 3/4 1/8 568-224 8 3/4 8 1/2 1/8 568-268
2 1/8 1 7/8 1/8 568-225 9 8 3/4 1/8 568-269
2 1/4 2 1/8 568-226 9 1/4 9 1/8 568-270
2 3/8 2 1/8 1/8 568-227 9 1/2 9 1/4 1/8 568-271
2 1/2 2 1/4 1/8 568-228 9 3/4 9 1/2 1/8 568-272
2 5/8 2 3/8 1/8 568-229 10 9 3/4 1/8 568-273
*American Standards Association

1-72 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 73 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

O-ring Dimensions (Continued)

Size *ASA Size
*ASA Part
Cross-section Part Cross-section
OD (in.) ID (in.) OD (in.) ID (in.) No.
(in.) No. (in.)
2 3/4 2 1/2 1/8 568-230 10 1/4 10 1/8 568-274
2 7/8 2 5/8 1/8 568-231 11 1/4 11 1/8 568-276
3 2 3/4 1/8 568-232 1 7/8 1 1/2 3/16 568-325
3 1/8 2 7/8 1/8 568-233 2 1 5/8 3/16 568-326
3 1/4 3 1/8 568-234 2 1/8 1 3/4 3/16 568-327
3 3/8 3 1/8 1/8 568-235 2 1/4 1 7/8 3/16 568-328
2 3/8 2 3/16 568-329 5 1/2 5 1/4 568-429
2 1/2 2 1/8 3/16 568-330 5 5/8 5 1/8 1/4 568-430
2 5/8 2 1/4 3/16 568-331 5 3/4 5 1/4 1/4 568-431
2 3/4 2 3/8 3/16 568-332 5 7/8 5 3/8 1/4 568-432
2 7/8 2 1/2 3/16 568-333 6 5 1/2 1/4 568-433
3 2 5/8 3/16 568-334 6 1/8 5 3/8 1/4 568-434
3 1/8 2 3/4 3/16 568-335 6 1/4 5 3/4 1/4 568-435
3 1/4 2 7/8 3/16 568-336 6 3/8 5 7/8 1/4 568-436
3 3/8 3 3/16 568-337 6 1/2 6 1/4 568-437
3 1/2 3 1/8 3/16 568-338 6 3/4 6 1/4 1/4 568-438
3 5/8 3 1/4 3/16 568-339 7 6 1/2 1/4 568-439
3 3/4 3 3/8 3/16 568-340 7 1/4 6 3/4 1/4 568-440
3 7/8 3 1/2 3/16 568-341 7 1/2 7 1/4 568-441
4 3 5/8 3/16 568-342 7 3/4 7 1/4 1/4 568-442
4 1/8 3 3/4 3/16 568-343 8 7 1/2 1/4 568-443
4 1/4 3 7/8 3/16 568-344 8 1/4 7 3/4 1/4 568-444
4 3/8 4 3/16 568-345 8 1/2 8 1/4 568-445
4 1/2 4 1/8 3/16 568-346 9 8 1/2 1/4 568-446
4 5/8 4 1/4 3/16 568-347 9 1/2 9 1/4 568-447
4 3/4 4 3/8 3/16 568-348 10 9 1/2 1/4 568-448
4 7/8 4 1/2 3/16 568-349 10 1/2 10 1/4 568-449
7 5/8 7 1/4 3/16 568-366 11 10 1/2 1/4 568-450
5 4 1/2 1/4 568-425 11 1/2 11 1/4 568-451
5 1/8 4 5/8 1/4 568-426 12 11 1/2 1/4 568-452
5 1/4 4 3/4 1/4 568-427 14 1/2 14 1/4 568-457
5 3/8 4 7/8 1/4 568-428
*American Standards Association

September 2005 General Information 1-73

CT Handbook.book Page 74 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Displacing Fluid from Coiled Tubing with

Nitrogen
Displacement of fluids from a CT reel after a job is critical to the life of the pipe
and the safe operation of the unit. In general displacement with nitrogen takes
two steps: (1) blow out the free water by pumping nitrogen at a high rate to
mobilize and remove all free water, and (2) dry the film of fluid that remains.
Drying works best at low pressure. This means pumping as slow as possible to
keep the friction pressure down.

Volume of nitrogen required is a function of tubing volume. Each barrel of

tubing volume requires 1000 scf of nitrogen to displace and dry the pipe. An
example would be displacing a reel that has 10 bbls of fluid. Volume of
nitrogen required would be 10 x 1000 = 10,000 scf. Initial rate would be 400
to 1000 scf/min. When nitrogen breaks through decrease the rate to 100 to 400
scf/min. larger size tubing will require the higher range of rates while smaller
tubing will require the lower rate.

Procedure
Perform this procedure at the wellsite while the CT unit is still connected to the
wellhead and return equipment. If the operation is to be done offsite or at the
services center, provisions must be made to safely collect and contain all fluids
for disposal. Flow lines connecting the end of the CT to disposal tanks or pits
should be properly secured and should not contain rubber hoses.

Customers are responsible for properly disposing of hazardous materials

pumped through the CT. This includes any material left in the tubing after
operations are complete. Halliburton supervisors/operators should confirm that
the customer has the proper fluid or gas on location to purge the CT before
moving off site. If hazardous fluids are to be disposed of off site, all
requirements for containment, manifesting and placards should be met as
required by the Department of Transport or other regulatory agencies.

1. Displace the CT with the best available water source. Treat the CT at
this time to prevent corrosion. (see Best Practices Series "Coiled
Tubing and Corrosion").
2. Start pumping nitrogen at higher suggested rates listed (Table 1.1, Page
1-75). Do not exceed 3000 psi.(21.0 mPa / 210 bar) pump pressure.
3. When nitrogen breaks out at the end of the tubing, reduce the nitrogen
rate to the lower suggested rate and pump the remaining volume
(Table 1.2, Page 1-76).

1-74 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 75 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Table 1.1—Suggested Nitrogen Rates

Specified Specified Wall
Nitrogen Requirements
OD Thickness
Purge Dry Low Purge Dry Low
(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) High Rate Rate High Rate Rate
(scf/min) (scm/min)
1.000 25.4 0.080 2.0 371 111 11 3
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 359 108 10 3
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 345 104 10 3
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 333 100 9 3
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 322 97 9 3
1.250 31.8 0.080 2.0 625 187 18 5
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 609 183 17 5
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 591 177 17 5
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 576 173 16 5
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 560 168 16 5
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 526 158 15 4
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 507 152 14 4
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 463 139 13 4
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 903 271 26 8
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 884 265 25 8
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 865 259 24 7
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 822 247 23 7
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 798 240 23 7
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 742 223 21 6
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 696 209 20 6
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1235 370 35 10
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1184 355 34 10
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1155 347 33 10
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1088 326 31 9
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1031 309 29 9
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 993 298 28 8
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1670 501 47 14
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1611 483 46 14
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1578 473 45 13
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1499 450 42 13
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1432 430 41 12
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1387 416 39 12
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1337 401 38 11
2.375 60.3 0.109 2.8 2447 734 69 21
2.375 60.3 0.125 3.2 2375 713 67 20
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2335 701 66 20
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2239 672 63 19
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2157 647 61 18
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 2102 631 60 18
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 2039 612 58 17

September 2005 General Information 1-75

CT Handbook.book Page 76 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Table 1.1—Suggested Nitrogen Rates (Continued)
Specified Specified Wall
Nitrogen Requirements
OD Thickness
Purge Dry Low Purge Dry Low
(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) High Rate Rate High Rate Rate
(scf/min) (scm/min)
2.875 73.0 0.125 3.2 3625 1087 103 31
2.875 73.0 0.134 3.4 3575 1073 101 30
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 3455 1037 98 29
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 3354 1006 95 28
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 3285 985 93 28
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 3207 962 91 27
3.500 88.9 0.134 3.4 5495 1648 156 47
3.500 88.9 0.156 4.0 5346 1604 151 45
3.500 88.9 0.175 4.4 5219 1566 148 44
3.500 88.9 0.188 4.8 5134 1540 145 44
3.500 88.9 0.203 5.2 5035 1511 143 43

Table 1.2—Nitrogen Volumes for Various

Tubing Sizes
Specified Wall Nitrogen Requirements
Specified OD ID
Thickness to Purge Fluid
(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (scf/ft) (scm/m)
1.000 25.4 0.080 2.0 0.840 21.3 0.69 0.064
1.000 25.4 0.087 2.2 0.826 21.0 0.66 0.062
1.000 25.4 0.095 2.4 0.810 20.6 0.64 0.059
1.000 25.4 0.102 2.6 0.796 20.2 0.62 0.057
1.000 25.4 0.109 2.8 0.782 19.9 0.59 0.055
1.250 31.8 0.080 2.0 1.090 27.7 1.15 0.107
1.250 31.8 0.087 2.2 1.076 27.3 1.12 0.104
1.250 31.8 0.095 2.4 1.060 26.9 1.09 0.101
1.250 31.8 0.102 2.6 1.046 26.6 1.06 0.099
1.250 31.8 0.109 2.8 1.032 26.2 1.03 0.096
1.250 31.8 0.125 3.2 1.000 25.4 0.97 0.090
1.250 31.8 0.134 3.4 0.982 24.9 0.94 0.087
1.250 31.8 0.156 4.0 0.938 23.8 0.85 0.079
1.500 38.1 0.095 2.4 1.310 33.3 1.67 0.155
1.500 38.1 0.102 2.6 1.296 32.9 1.63 0.152
1.500 38.1 0.109 2.8 1.282 32.6 1.60 0.148
1.500 38.1 0.125 3.2 1.250 31.8 1.52 0.141
1.500 38.1 0.134 3.4 1.232 31.3 1.47 0.137
1.500 38.1 0.156 4.0 1.188 30.2 1.37 0.127
1.500 38.1 0.175 4.4 1.150 29.2 1.28 0.119
1.750 44.5 0.109 2.8 1.532 38.9 2.28 0.212
1.750 44.5 0.125 3.2 1.500 38.1 2.19 0.203
1.750 44.5 0.134 3.4 1.482 37.6 2.13 0.198
Note—CT capabilities are calculated using specified (nominal) OD and wall thickness.

1-76 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 77 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Table 1.2—Nitrogen Volumes for Various

Tubing Sizes (Continued)
Specified Wall Nitrogen Requirements
Specified OD ID
Thickness to Purge Fluid
(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (scf/ft) (scm/m)
1.750 44.5 0.156 4.0 1.438 36.5 2.01 0.187
1.750 44.5 0.175 4.4 1.400 35.6 1.90 0.177
1.750 44.5 0.188 4.8 1.374 34.9 1.83 0.170
2.000 50.8 0.109 2.8 1.782 45.3 3.08 0.287
2.000 50.8 0.125 3.2 1.750 44.5 2.97 0.276
2.000 50.8 0.134 3.4 1.732 44.0 2.91 0.271
2.000 50.8 0.156 4.0 1.688 42.9 2.77 0.257
2.000 50.8 0.175 4.4 1.650 41.9 2.64 0.246
2.000 50.8 0.188 4.8 1.624 41.2 2.56 0.238
2.000 50.8 0.203 5.2 1.594 40.5 2.47 0.229
2.375 60.3 0.109 2.8 2.157 54.8 4.52 0.420
2.375 60.3 0.125 3.2 2.125 54.0 4.39 0.407
2.375 60.3 0.134 3.4 2.107 53.5 4.31 0.401
2.375 60.3 0.156 4.0 2.063 52.4 4.13 0.384
2.375 60.3 0.175 4.4 2.025 51.4 3.98 0.370
2.375 60.3 0.188 4.8 1.999 50.8 3.88 0.361
2.375 60.3 0.203 5.2 1.969 50.0 3.77 0.350
2.875 73.0 0.125 3.2 2.625 66.7 6.69 0.622
2.875 73.0 0.134 3.4 2.607 66.2 6.60 0.613
2.875 73.0 0.156 4.0 2.563 65.1 6.38 0.593
2.875 73.0 0.175 4.4 2.525 64.1 6.19 0.575
2.875 73.0 0.188 4.8 2.499 63.5 6.07 0.563
2.875 73.0 0.203 5.2 2.469 62.7 5.92 0.550
3.500 88.9 0.134 3.4 3.232 82.1 10.15 0.943
3.500 88.9 0.156 4.0 3.188 81.0 9.87 0.917
3.500 88.9 0.175 4.4 3.150 80.0 9.64 0.895
3.500 88.9 0.188 4.8 3.124 79.3 9.48 0.881
3.500 88.9 0.203 5.2 3.094 78.6 9.30 0.864
Note—CT capabilities are calculated using specified (nominal) OD and wall thickness.

September 2005 General Information 1-77

CT Handbook.book Page 78 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Using Nitrogen Bottles for Purging Coiled Tubing

When it is not possible to purge the CT with a nitrogen unit it is still possible
to purge most of the fluids using nitrogen stored in bottles or quads. This may
be necessary to lighten the weight of the CT reel prior to transportation but is
not suitable for drying the CT for corrosion and freeze protection. Drying the
CT should be done with a nitrogen pumping unit as outlined previously.

Since nitrogen bottles come in many different sizes and pressure ratings the
volume of gas that a particular nitrogen bottle can store can be found using
Boyles Law. When temperature is constant the formula is:

P1 x V1
P1 × V1 = P2 × V2 or V2 =
P2

Where: P1 is the pressure of the N2 bottle.

V1 is the volume of the N2 bottle.
P2 is the atmospheric pressure (approx 15 psi)
V2 is the volume of nitrogen gas at atmospheric pressure.

For example using a common N2 bottle size, how much gas does a 50-Liter,
2,400-psi bottle hold? The volume of the bottle in ft3 is 50 L x 0.03531 =
1.7655 ft3
2,400 x 1.7655
Volume of the gas at atmospheric pressure = = 282 scf
15
As a guide for purging most of the fluids from a CT string we need to calculate
the volume of gas required based on pressuring up the CT string to 200 psi. For
example, 15,000 ft of 1.5-in. OD, 0.109 wall has a total volume of 24 bbls or
135 ft3. Using the bottles mentioned above how many bottles are required to
purge the fluids from the CT?

Using boyles law again but substituting atmospheric pressure for a CT pressure
of 200 psi. We can come up with the following equation:

P2 x V2
V1 =
P1

Where: V1 is the volume of gas in the nitrogen bottles that we require.

P2 is the pressure we need in the CT = 200 psi.
V2 is the CT volume = 135 ft3
P1 is the pressure of the nitrogen bottles = 2,400 psi.

1-78 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 79 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Therefore V1 = 11.25 ft3 of pressurized nitrogen.

Divide by 1.7655 ft3 per bottle = 6.4 or 7 bottles of nitrogen.

If absolutely necessary it is possible to calculate using a CT pressure of 100 psi,

but this obviously leaves more fluid behind.

Coiled Tubing and Corrosion

Procedures to Minimize CT Corrosion
Scope
Good storage, pre-job and post-job tubing maintenance practices are required
to minimize CT corrosion and ensure safe and successful completion of CT
services, as well as maximizing service life of the tubing. Taking the proper
steps to minimize corrosion will reduce the probability of unexpected failures
and reduce risk to personnel safety as well as to the customer's well. It should
be recognized that different locations may require different procedures but
these basic guidelines and recommendations should be followed where
possible to maximize service life of the CT string. Coiled tubing can be
attacked by corrosion externally and internally, either of which can cause
premature and unexpected problems and failures. For example, exposure of
unprotected CT to humid atmospheric conditions will produce iron oxide (rust)
which can interfere with proper functioning of the injector gripper blocks and
well head stripper as well as promote pitting of the CT. Internal pitting
corrosion can be due to untreated aqueous fluids left in the tubing after a job.
Taking proper maintenance steps to mitigate corrosion will aid in performance
of consistent and successful CT jobs.

Underutilized pipe can also create unexpected problems if the pipe is not
properly protected during storage. Operations should have realistic inventory
plans to insure that there is not excessive tubing in storage. The longer the
tubing sits, the more potential there is for corrosion related problems. In
addition to these guidelines, the operator must be aware of the nature of the
downhole conditions and take precautions where appropriate. For example, if
H2S is expected, the use of QT-1000 may be prohibited or stress cracking
inhibitors may be required.

Corrosion and Environmental Cracking of Coiled Tubing

Coiled tubing corrosion considerations that operations should be aware of are
described below for informational purposes. These various forms of corrosion
can have several specific detrimental effects on CT, such as reduced strength,

September 2005 General Information 1-79

CT Handbook.book Page 80 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

reduced pressure integrity (collapse and burst), reduced fatigue life as well as
an increase in susceptibility to sudden, unexpected premature failures.

General Corrosion
The result of general corrosion is uniform wall thinning of the CT. General
corrosion is not a common mechanism but may occur when galvanic corrosion
(see below) is operative downhole.

Pitting Corrosion
Pitting can represent a more severe form of corrosion than uniform metal loss.
This is due to extensive localized loss of wall thickness which compromises the
integrity of the entire string. Low pH (acidic) and higher temperature
environments tend to initiate pitting corrosion. Pitting corrosion also occurs in
aerated brines under atmospheric conditions. This type of corrosion is a
common form of CT damage and is particularly insidious because pitting
creates stress concentration when the tubing is being worked, promoting
development of fatigue cracking that could quickly lead to a pinhole leak or,
worse, complete tubular failure. Since pitting is difficult to detect, effective
inhibition and care of CT is essential.

Galvanic Corrosion
Galvanic corrosion is not usually a problem when CT is used in wells
containing low alloy steel components. However, in corrosive wells, downhole
tubulars may be made of duplex stainless steels, nickel based superalloys or
titanium alloys. In contact with an electrolytic fluid, the CT will become the
anode and accelerated corrosion (wall thinning) of the CT may occur. The
effects of general corrosion may be minimized by using chemical inhibition,
limiting the exposure time or using thicker wall CT

Industrial Atmospheric Corrosion

Sulfur compounds are the major cause of increased corrosion rates in industrial
areas. Corrosion will be accelerated in areas of high humidity and warmer
temperatures. Timeof- wetness is also a critical variable. Wetness is greater
inside the wraps than on top. Water which condenses and is trapped within the
tubing wraps as the pipe “breathes” with temperature changes can result in
permanent wetness in the wraps. Condensation also occur inside the CT itself
and collect in bottom wraps.

Marine Corrosion
Corrosion of CT occurs through contact with marine salts, primarily sodium
chloride but also potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulfate ions. Chloride
1-80 General Information September 2005
CT Handbook.book Page 81 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

salts are hygroscopic and the chloride ion promotes pitting in CT steels. Once
pitting is established, penetration can occur at accelerated rates. It has been
found that steel will corrode 12 times faster when located 80 ft from the
coastline than when it is located 800 ft from the coastline, due to the level of
marine salts present at the two locations. However, sea salt can be found a great
distances from the sea (often as much as 100 miles inland) and can come down
both as dry dust and in rainfall. Time-of-wetness is a critical variable in
determining the level of corrosion and salt tends to increase time-of-wetness by
absorbing water at lower humidity.

Filiform Corrosion
Filiform corrosion is localized corrosion in the form of randomly distributed
filaments or streaks of sharp and long, narrow pits. It can be caused by
condensing water solutions containing carbon dioxide, chlorides, sulfates or
sulfides. Warm temperatures usually worsen the situation. Elimination of
aqueous fluids from the tubing ID will eliminate filiform corrosion.

Corrosive fluids
Production Fluids
Production fluids can be corrosive to CT if they contain the acid gases H2S
and/or CO2. These gases lower pH of the aqueous phase. Also, production
water containing brines increase the overall corrosivity of the production
fluids. H2S in brine with or without CO2 is more corrosive than H2S in oil. Risk
of corrosion or cracking in dry gas wells containing H2S is low. An expert
software (CLI International's Predict, a program for evaluation and
determination of corrosion in steels) is available for use in predicting the extent
of corrosion losses from exposure to reservoir fluids (contact Terry McCoy,
memoid ENGZ101).

Completion Fluids
Brines used in workovers and completions increase in corrosivity as
temperature increases and as the specific gravity of the brine increases. Aerated
brines are also more corrosive than deaerated brines.

Acidizing Fluids
Acid corrosion inhibitor systems are designed to protect CT from pitting and
unacceptable wall thickness loss under downhole conditions. However,
corrosion inhibitors do not impede the ability of the acid to dissolve rust. When
the acidized tubing is exposed air (oxygen) back on the surface, then the freshly
cleaned surface now has a significantly increased susceptibility to atmospheric

September 2005 General Information 1-81

CT Handbook.book Page 82 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

corrosion (rusting), particularly in marine environments. Research has shown

that alternate exposure of CT to inhibited acid, then air, then inhibited acid, etc.
can cause corrosion rates to increase by up to 5 to 7 times the corrosion rate if
exposed only to inhibited acid.

Spent Acid
Because of the depletion and/or dilution of acid inhibitors, spent acid can be
more corrosive than properly inhibited live acid. Flowback acid from
sandstone reservoirs may not be totally spent. Most of the corrosion inhibitor
may be lost to the tubing or formation leaving highly corrosive acid. Also,
corrosion inhibitors are blends of components, some of which will adsorb in
the formation more easily than others. The result is that the inhibitor
composition in flowback fluids may not be the same as that originally pumped
and its effectiveness may be compromised.

In addition, if the well is underbalanced during acidizing operations, inflow of

reservoir fluids is possible. Formation brine may dilute both the acid and the
inhibitor concentration. For example, properly inhibited 15% HCl is not as
corrosive as 5% HCl with 1/3 the original inhibitor concentration, under most
conditions. Also, the produced reservoir fluid and/or gases (such as H2S) may
themselves be quite corrosive and reduce the effectiveness of normal acid
corrosion inhibitors.

Nitrogen
Nitrogen generating units (excluding cryogenic nitrogen) can also generate
oxygen which will increase corrosion downhole. Membrane generated
nitrogen typically contains 2% to 6% oxygen at typical pumping rates.
Presence of dissolved oxygen in water is a major factor influencing corrosion
rates on CT. Even at a temperature of 75°F, water equilibrated with air will
contain 7 to 8 ppm oxygen and corrosion rates up to 600 mils per year have
been measured under turbulent conditions. The effects of oxygen on corrosion
is magnified by highly erosive environments.

H2S Containing Environments

Coiled tubing strength can be reduced by exposure to wet H2S. This occurs
when aqueous fluids containing H2S corrode the tubing. The corrosion reaction
releases atomic hydrogen which enters the steel matrix potentially causing
hydrogen embrittlement of the CT. The potential for cracking and related
problems depends on several factors, such as partial pressure of the H2S,
duration of exposure, metallurgy of the CT (chemistry, strength, pre-existing
mechanical damage, type of welds, etc.), severity of applied stresses and
condition of tubing.
1-82 General Information September 2005
CT Handbook.book Page 83 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

QT-700 and QT-800 are suitable for H2S service. Due to its higher strength and
hardness, QT-1000 is not usually recommended for sour service as it is more
susceptible to hydrogen cracking in wet H2S environments than QT-700 or
QT-800. However, it should be noted that QT-1000 has been used in some low
H2S sour service situations. Also, use of CT with butt welds in wet H2S fluids
should be avoided if possible as butt welds are more susceptible to cracking
than bias welds. Also, end connectors which are designed to induce mechanical
damage (dimpling, for instance) cause the CT to be more susceptible to failure.

When H2S is present in the reservoir, then some judgment must be exercised.
For instance, the use of new (or relatively new) tubing may be in order. Also,
chemical inhibition may be required where underbalanced conditions may
exist and inflow of H2S is possible. As an example, in Canada, one location's
general practice is to use an inhibitor whenever H2S concentration is 10% or
more and contact time is over 8 hours. It may also be advisable to use an
inhibitor for lower concentrations of H2S, especially if extended time
downhole is a possibility. In these cases, various inhibitors would be used
depending on the type of fluid being pumped. The inhibitor concentrations in
Table 1.3 would be circulated from the start of the job to protect tubing OD.

Table 1.3—Inhibitor Concentrations

Concentration
Inhibitor Treating Fluid
(by volume)*
Produced fluids
CoilGard™ Drilling mud 0.20%
Oil
Produced fluids
Crack Chek-97 Drilling mud 0.05% to 0.20%
Oil
SCA-130* Acids 0.4% to 4%
Mixed brines
Anhib II 0.1% to 0.4%
Fresh water
*See also Chemical Stimulation Manual or HalWeb. Most commonly used range for
SCA-130 is 1 % to 2%.

In cases where only nitrogen was being pumped, the inhibitor would be
periodically injected into the reel at rates of 1 to 4 liters/hour. CoilGard
(replacement for Crack Chek-97) is an inhibitor that is particularly effective for
preventing corrosion and sulfide stress cracking of high strength carbon steel
in sour brine waters.
Note Never use CoilGard or Crack Chek-97 in acid solutions. SCA-130
inhibitor was developed for use in acid solutions.

September 2005 General Information 1-83

CT Handbook.book Page 84 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Coiled Tubing Storage Guidelines

General
Local conditions must be taken into account when determining the amount of
maintenance required to prevent external CT corrosion while tubing is being
stored. In warm climates with high humidity, damaging corrosion can occur
within a short time and can be especially severe near coastal areas. In dry
climates, storage protection requirements may be minimal. Changing
conditions during day and night hasten corrosion when temperature of CT falls
below the dew point. Moisture may be trapped for extended periods between
the tubing wraps and if chlorides are present, pitting corrosion will be
accelerated. For long-term storage, it may be necessary to store the CT inside
and out of the weather. Application of a corrosion inhibitor is still
recommended if environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity)
are not controlled and can be damaging. Infrequently used CT is also subject
to internal corrosion and is usually attributed to aqueous solutions remaining is
the tubing for extended period of times.
Covers
Use of weather resistant covers may be helpful in minimizing amount of water
and contaminants (such as chlorides from salt spray at sea or in some coastal
areas) that the CT is exposed to and in preventing previously applied inhibitors
from being washed off. Unfortunately, covers can also be detrimental to the
tubing since they act to trap moisture (condensation) and do not let the tubing
“breathe,” even if the bottom of the cover is open. Covers are not the answer to
external CT corrosion problems but may be useful in some limited situations.
Freeze Protection
Although the tubing should be free of water during storage, there is always the
possibility of unintended residual moisture in the tubing string. If the tubing is
to be stored at a location where temperature is expected to drop below the
freezing point, then it may be advisable to pump an antifreeze (ethylene glycol)
mixture through the string. Commercially available antifreeze has the added
advantage of containing corrosion inhibitors. See Table 1.4 for expected lowest
temperatures and recommended concentrations in water.
Table 1.4—Expected Low Temperatures and Recommended Concentrations
Expected Lowest Temperature, °F Recommended Concentration in Water
-10 40%
-20 44%
-30 48%
-40 52%
-50 56%

1-84 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 85 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Bedwrap Protection
Initial external protection of the bed wrap tubing is recommended when CT is
used in warm, humid coastal areas. The inhibitors listed in Table 1.5 are
recommended in the order of their expected performance. Other inhibitors may
be satisfactory.

Note No Halliburton part numbers have been assigned to these products but
may be assigned in the future if usage warrants.

Table 1.5—Recommended Inhibitors* for Bedwrap Protection

Approximate Inhibitor Relative Cost
PermaStopRust’s Istrol Iosguard1 (Best) 33
Cortec’s VCI-3862 6
3 2
Nalco/Exxon’s CT-Armor (neat)
Exxon’s Rust Ban 3434 1
*References included at the end of Section 1.

On storage or shipping reels, the inhibitor could be applied when the tubing is
spooled onto the working reel. Quality Tubing expects that Rust Ban 343 is a
suitable inhibitor to protect CT during shipments to North America locations
with expectations that tubing would not be stored over 30 days. VCI-386 is
thought to be suitable for export shipments. No significant loss in injector force
capabilities is expected when using the above inhibitors; however, it should be
cautioned that no field trials have been conducted at this time on the
Isotrol/Isoguard or VCI-381. Rust Ban 343 has a proven field record for
internal storage conditions. To date, only lab tests have been run on the other
inhibitors.

Tubing OD Protection
When required (also see paragraph 6), apply a corrosion inhibitor to the tubing
OD after each job. Inhibitor should be applied to the tubing by wiping to ensure
complete coverage of the tubing.

Note A wiping mechanism is currently being developed.

Recommended corrosion inhibitors are shown in Table 1.6 in the order of their
expected performance. Other inhibitors may be satisfactory. The tubing should
be as clean as possible for maximum effectiveness of the inhibitor.
Note No Halliburton part numbers have been assigned to these products, but
may be assigned in the future if usage warrants.

September 2005 General Information 1-85

CT Handbook.book Page 86 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Table 1.6—Recommended Inhibitors* for Tubing OD

Approximate Inhibitor Relative Cost
Cortec’s VCI 398 (Best) 6
Nalco/Exxon’s CT-Armor (neat) 2
5 1.5
Oil Research Center’s Wireline Spray 782
Exxon’s Rust Ban 343 1
*References included at the end of Section 1.

Note Wireline Spray 782 is the only environmentally friendly, completely

biodegradable corrosion inhibitor listed in Table 1.6. Corrosion testing
seemed to indicate that the inhibitor would perform well for a few weeks
then performance would decrease at a more rapid rate with time.

Note Nalco/Exxon’s CT-Armor is most effective in neat (concentrated) form.

It can be used diluted (10% in water) but when applied, the inhibitor must
be continually mixed to ensure proper inhibitor coverage. CT-Armor is
water-dispersible but not water-soluble.

Tubing ID Protection

• Option 1—Use dry nitrogen to displace specific volume of 10%

CT-Armor (1 part CT-Armor and 9 parts fresh water) through the tubing
to achieve a 3-mil coating thickness. Inhibitor should be pumped behind
wiper ball(s) if another fluid is being displaced (see note 1). The solution
must be continually mixed as the fluid is pumped into the tubing as
CT-Armor is water dispersible but not water soluble. See Table 1.8 (Page
1-91) for recommended volume of inhibitor needed to coat the tubing ID.

Seal ends of tubing to prevent loss of inhibitor or air ingression (see Note 2, Page
1-87).

• Option 2—Pump fresh water that has been adjusted to a pH 8 to 9 using

sodium bicarbonate and that is also treated with 0.2% Anhib II (HES Part
No. 516.00854). Displacing volume should be a minimum of 2 times
tubing volume. If chlorides are to be removed, then displacing volume
should be 5 times tubing volume. Proper mixing is required to insure that
Anhib II is well dispersed in the fluid.

Purge with nitrogen until dry and seal ends (see Notes 2 and 3, Page 1-87).

1-86 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 87 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

• Option 3—Fill tubing with diesel fuel. A good grade of diesel fuel (such
as No. 2 automotive diesel) should be used to avoid possibility of water
contamination. If residual water is in the tubing prior to filling with diesel,
it may get mixed in with the diesel (causing a cloudy appearance) and will
separate out in the tubing causing corrosion to occur. If diesel fuel is used,
it is recommended that at least one (1) quart of API 30 wt. motor oil be
used per 100 gal of diesel. The oil has alkalinity as well as corrosion
inhibitors that will help protect the CT.
Note 1 Wiper Balls—Whenever displacing tubing containing fluid(s), a tight
polyurethane wiper ball or dart should precede the pumped fluid. The
wiper ball aids in the effectiveness of its “chaser” by (1) separating the
different fluids preventing intermixing, and (2) wiping the tubing walls
from the preceding fluid. If gas is being used to push a fluid through the
CT, use at least 2 wiper balls. Table 1.7 provides guidelines for choosing
the proper size wiper ball.

Table 1.7—Wiper Ball Size Guide

Tubing OD, Wiper Ball Diameter,
in. in.
1.00 1 1/4
1.25 1 1/2
1.50 2 (for thick walls, use 1 ¾)
1.75 2 1/4
2.00 2 1/2
2.375 2 3/4
2.875 3 1/4
3.50 3 7/8

Wiper balls can be purchased from Laser Plastics, 903 Hodgkins, Suite #103,
Houston, TX. 77032 (Tel: 281-590-0566; Fax: 281-590-8174). If standard
wiper balls are not available, a tightly made wad of foam rubber (seat-cushion
type material) may be used.

Note 2 Sealing Ends of Pipe—When using nitrogen in tubing to prevent

corrosion, the ends of the tubing must be sealed such that a slight positive
pressure (say, 5 to 10 psig) is maintained to prevent air ingression. For
information purposes, Quality Tubing’s present procedure is to place a
Drilltec thread protector on the male half of 1502 fittings on all nitrogen
purged strings. On the free end, a plastic or metal cap is placed on the

September 2005 General Information 1-87

CT Handbook.book Page 88 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

tubing and taped. Quality Tubing also offers a system to install a ball
valve on each end of tubing with a pressure gauge to monitor internal
pressure. This systems requires fittings on both ends of tubing.

Note 3 Purging Water from Coiled Tubing with Nitrogen—Displacement of

fluids, such as water from a coil tubing reel after a job, is critical to the life
of the pipe and the safe operation of the unit. In general, displacement with
nitrogen to remove water takes two steps.

(1) Remove the free water. This is accomplished by pumping nitrogen at

a high rate to mobilize and remove all free water. Use of wiper balls to
remove the water is recommended (see Note 1, Page 1-87).

(2) Dry the film of fluid that remains. Drying works best at low pressure.
This means pumping as slow as possible to keep the friction pressure
down. Volume of nitrogen required is a function of tubing volume. Each
barrel of tubing volume requires 1,000 scf of nitrogen to displace and dry
the pipe.

Example—Displacing a reel that has 10 bbls of fluid. Volume of nitrogen

required would be 10 × 1,000 = 10,000 scf. Initial rate would be 400 to
1,000 scf/min. When nitrogen breaks through, decrease the rate to 100 to
400 scf/min. Larger sized tubing will require the higher range of rates
while smaller tubing will require the lower rate. See Best Practices Series
“Purging Fluids from Coiled Tubing” for other information.

Pre-Job Guidelines
If unsure of the condition of the tubing ID, flush coil tubing with fresh water.
If the water in the exit stream is clear, then the coiled tubing ID probably has
been sufficiently protected during previous storage and no further fluid
maintenance work is required. If significant rust is present in the initial portion
of the exit stream then the condition of the tubing ID should be questioned. If
necessary, the ID can be pickling with 5 % HCl + 0.1 % HAI-81M + 2 %
Ferchek.

1-88 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 89 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Post-Job Guidelines
Tubing OD
Refer to “Tubing OD Protection” on Page 1-85.

Tubing ID
This section covers treating options for tubing ID following its use with the
following types of fluids: acid, workover/completion fluids, and H2S.

Acid
After acid jobs, the tubing should be treated as per one of the options listed below.
Research indicates that CT does not undergo excessive corrosion when exposed to
properly inhibited acid being pumped at treatment velocities. However, laboratory
tests on tubing exposed to inhibited acid and air indicate that oxygen is a secondary
corrosive agent and can cause corrosion rates to increase 5 to 7 times that in acid
alone. Aeration occurs between jobs so it is important that the tubing be cleaned
and protected with a corrosion inhibitor as soon as possible after an acid job.

– Option 1
1. Flush with fresh water (or seawater when necessary). Continue flush
until pH of exit stream is approximately 7.
2. Displace with water adjusted to pH 8 to 9 using 1% K-34 (sodium bicar-
bonate, HES Part No. 70.15186) and 0.20% Anhib II (HES Part No.
516.00854).
3. Purge with nitrogen (see Note 3, Page 1-88) until tubing is dry, then seal
ends.

– Option 2
1. Neutralize/flush acid remaining in tubing using 1% K-34 (sodium bicar-
bonate, HES Part No. 70.15186).
2. Flush with fresh water.
3. Displace fresh water with 10% CT-Armor. Use dry nitrogen to push the
inhibitor mixture through the tubing. See Table 1.8 (Page 1-91) for rec-
ommended volumes for specific tubing sizes.
4. Seal ends of tubing to prevent inhibitor loss or air ingression.

– Option 3, MB TechServ

This is a specialized process used by Quality Tubing’s service center in

Aberdeen. This process has not been utilized in other locations. For further
information, contact MB TechServ at 44-1224-879696.

September 2005 General Information 1-89

CT Handbook.book Page 90 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

1. Flush—Remove debris, acid, brine, etc. by flushing CT with fresh water
(onshore) or seawater (offshore) immediately after use. If available,
purge with nitrogen to displace excess water.
2. Clean (onshore)—Flush with fresh water to remove seawater and any
corrosive contaminants. Pig with wiper ball(s) and purge with nitrogen
to remove residual water.
3. Dry (onshore)—Connect MBT injection unit (see note below) with 120
psi compressed and filtered air supply to the CT. Establish constant flow
of dry air through coil to remove residual moisture. Allow coil to depres-
surize fully to atmosphere.
4. Preserve (onshore)—Charge MBT with VCI 609 powder. Release
charge to the CT until fog emission is detected. Allow coil to depressur-
ize fully then seal ends.
Workover and Completion Fluid
These fluids may be corrosive to the CT and should be removed before the tubing
is stored.

– Option 1
1. Flush with fresh water.
2. Displace with water adjusted to pH 8 to 9 using 1% K-34 (sodium bicar-
bonate, HES part number 70.15186) and 0.20% Anhib II (HES part
number 516.00854).
3. Purge with nitrogen until tubing is dry, then seal ends.

– Option 2
1. Flush with fresh water.
2. Displace fresh water with 10% CT-Armor. Use dry nitrogen to push the
inhibitor mixture through the tubing. See Table 1.8 (Page 1-91) for rec-
ommended volumes for specific tubing sizes.
3. Seal ends of tubing to prevent inhibitor loss or air ingression.

– Option 3, MB TechServ
See “Option 3, MB TechServ” on Page 1-89.
H2 S
If the tubing contains iron sulfide scale, pickling with 5% HCl + 0.40 - 2.0%
SCA-130 (concentration of SCA-130 dependent on the amount of FeS in the
tubing) may be necessary to clean the tubing.

Caution This process may generate H2S gas in the tubing.

1-90 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 91 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Maintenance Recommendations, Special Cases

Although frequency and type of maintenance depends on local conditions as
well as frequency and type of service work, the following are some
recommendations for consideration. Ideally, each local service center should
have documented procedures to follow.

Case 1: Daily Use

Tubing being used daily in non-corrosive service (considering both
atmospheric as well as downhole and pumped fluids) probably does not need
to be treated daily with corrosion inhibitors.

Case 2: Stored 1 Week or More

Tubing stored or not expected to be used for 1 week or longer should be
suitably protected on the ID and OD.

Case 3: Used with Acid

Tubing used in acid service should be treated immediately upon job
completion.

Table 1.8—Recommended Volume of Inhibitor to Coat Tubing ID

Gal of 10% CT-Armor

Tubing OD Wall Flash in gal/1,000 ft Flash free gal/1,000 ft
1.00 .080 4.26 4.11
1.00 .087 4.21 4.04
1.00 .095 4.14 3.97
1.00 .102 4.09 3.90
1.00 .109 4.03 3.83
1.25 .080 5.49 5.34
1.25 .087 5.43 5.27
1.25 .095 5.37 5.19
1.25 .102 5.31 5.12
1.25 .109 5.26 5.05
1.25 .125 5.13 4.90
1.25 .134 5.06 4.81
1.25 .156 4.88 4.59
1.50 .095 6.59 6.41
1.50 .102 6.54 6.34
1.50 .109 6.48 6.28
1.50 .125 6.35 6.12

September 2005 General Information 1-91

CT Handbook.book Page 92 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

Table 1.8—Recommended Volume of Inhibitor to Coat Tubing ID (Continued)

Gal of 10% CT-Armor

Tubing OD Wall Flash in gal/1,000 ft Flash free gal/1,000 ft
1.50 .134 6.28 6.03
1.50 .156 6.11 5.82
1.75 .109 7.70 7.50
1.75 .125 7.58 7.34
1.75 .134 7.51 7.26
1.75 .156 7.33 7.04
1.75 .188 7.08 6.73
2.00 .109 8.93 8.72
2.00 .125 8.80 8.57
2.00 .134 8.73 8.48
2.00 .156 8.56 8.26
2.00 .175 8.41 8.08
2.00 .188 8.30 7.95
2.00 .203 8.18 7.80
2.375 .109 10.76 10.56
2.375 .125 10.64 10.40
2.375 .134 10.57 10.32
2.375 .156 10.39 10.10
2.375 .175 10.24 9.91
2.375 .188 10.14 9.79
2.375 .203 10.02 9.64
2.875 .125 13.08 12.85
2.875 .134 13.01 12.76
2.875 .0156 12.84 12.55
2.875 .175 12.69 12.36
2.875 .188 12.59 12.23
2.875 .203 12.47 12.09
3.50 .156 15.90 15.82
3.50 .175 15.75 15.42
3.50 .188 15.65 15.29
3.50 .203 15.53 15.15

1-92 General Information September 2005

CT Handbook.book Page 93 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

References

PermaStopRust (America), Inc. Exxon Company USA

2911 Dixwell Avenue P.O. Box 2180
Hamden, CT 06518 Houston, TX 77252-2180
Tel: (800) 611-7713 Tel: (713) 656-5949
(203) 287-3700
Fax: (203) 407-3840

Cortec Corporation Oil Research Center

4119 White Bear Parkway, 626 W. Pont Des Mouton Road
St. Paul, MN 55110 Lafayette, LA 70507-4002
Phone: (800) 4-CORTEC
(612) 429-1100
Fax: (612) 429-1122

Nalco-Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. MB TechServ

7705 Hwy 90A Corrosion Technology Services, Ltd.
Sugar Land, TX 77478 38 Abbotswell Road
P.O. Box 87 Aberdeen, AB12 3AB
Sugar Land, TX 77487-0087 Tel: (01224) 879 696
Phone: (713) 263-7836 Fax: (01224) 899 180

September 2005 General Information 1-93

CT Handbook.book Page 94 Monday, October 17, 2005 4:03 PM

Coiled Tubing Handbook

1-94 General Information September 2005