Temporary Structures

Temporary Structures (Shoring, Underpinning and Scaffolding)
Temporary
Structures
Shoring, Underpinning
&
Scaffolding
Building Construction-II(ARN203)
Prepared by
Department of Architecture & Planning

Dr. Shubhajit Sadhukhan
Indianof Institute
Department of Technology
Architecture & Planning Roorkee
│Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee │Dr. Shubhajit Sadhukhan │ARN 203
What is Shoring?
Construction of the Temporary Structures required to support an Unsafe Structure
When do we require Shoring?

✓ When the walls of a building develop signs of bulging or leaning outwards
✓ When defective walls of a building are to be dismantled and rebuilt
✓ To support the super-structure when large openings are required to be made
in load bearing walls
✓ To give support to the walls of two adjacent buildings when the intermediate
building is to be pulled down and rebuilt
Department of Architecture & Planning │Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee │Dr. Shubhajit Sadhukhan │ARN 203
Types of Shoring
• Raking Shores
• Flying Shores
• Dead Shores
Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)

In this method, inclined members known as
rakers are used to give lateral supports to
walls.
• Wall Plate
• Needle
• Wooden Cleat
• Sole Piece
• Hoop Iron
• Brace
• Rakers (Inclined Shores)
Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)-

• Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 45⁰ . However the angle may be
between 45⁰ and 75⁰
• For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be reduced by introducing rider
raker
• Rakers should be properly braced at intervals.
• The size of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of anticipated thrust from
the wall
• The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at floor level.
• Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover longer length of the bar.
• The sole plate should be properly embedded into the ground on an inclination
and should be of proper section and size
• Wedges should not be used on sole plates since they are likely to give way
under vibrations that are likely to occur
Flying Shores
• It is a system of providing temporary supports to the party walls of the two
buildings where the intermediate building is to be pulled down and rebuilt.
• All types of arrangements of supporting the unsafe structure in which the
shores do not reach the ground come under this category
• Wall Plate
• Needle
• Wedges
• Sole Piece
• Strut
• Horizontal Shores
Flying Shores
• In this system also the wall plates are placed against the wall and secured to it.
• A horizontal strut is placed between the wall plates and is supported by a
system of needle and cleats
• The inclined struts are supported by the needle at their top and by straining
pieces at their feet
• The straining piece also known as straining sill is spiked to the horizontal
shore.
• The width of straining piece is the same as that of the strut
• When the distance between the walls (to be strutted apart) is considerable, a
horizontal shore can not be safe and a trussed framework of members is
necessary to perform the function of flying shore
Flying Shores
Flying Shores
Dead Shores
A system of shoring which is used to
render vertical support to walls and
roofs, floors, etc when the lower part
of a wall has been removed for the
purpose of providing an opening in the
wall or to rebuild a defective load
bearing wall in a structure
• Wall Plate
• Needle
• Wedges
• Sole Piece
• Strut
• Horizontal Shores
Dead Shores
• The dead shores support the weight of the structure above and transfer same
to the ground on firm foundation below
• When opening in the wall are to be made, holes are cut in the wall at such a
height as to allow sufficient space for insertion of the beam or girder that will
be provided permanently to carry the weight of the structure above
• Distance at which the holes are cut depends upon the type of masonry and it
varies from 1.2m to 1.8m centre
• Beams called needles are placed in the holes and are supported by vertical
props called dead shores at their ends on either side of the wall
• The needles may be of timber or steel and are of sufficient section to carry the
load above
Dead Shores
• The dead shores stand away from wall on either side so as to allow for
working space when the needle and the props are in position
• The props are tightened up by folding wedges provided at their bases while
the junction between the prop and the needle is secured with the help of dogs
• Before the dismantling work is started, all the doors, windows or other
openings are well strutted.
• In order to relieve the wall of load of floors and roof above, they are
independently supported.
• Vibrations and shocks are bound to occur when wall cutting is done as such a
measure of safety raking shores are sometimes erected before commencement
of wall cutting operation
Dead Shores
Underpinning
Temporary support for building a
new work underneath an existing
structure without disturbing its
stability
Underpinning
What is Scaffolding?
Temporary rigid structure having platforms raised up as the building increases in
height
Why do we require Scaffolding?

✓ Enables the mason to work at different stages of a building
✓ Hoist the materials for the immediate use at various heights
Scaffolding
Types of Scaffolding
• Brick-layer’s Scaffold
• Mason’s Scaffold
• Steel or Tubular Scaffold
• Needle Scaffold
• Wooden Scaffold
Brick-layer’s Scaffold
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Putlog
• Brace
• Boarding
Mason’s Scaffold
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Putlog
• Brace
• Boarding
Steel or Tubular Scaffold
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Transom
• Brace
• Boarding
• Coupling
• Base Plate
• Guard Rail
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Transom
• Brace
• Boarding
• Coupling
• Base Plate
• Guard Rail
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Transom
• Brace
• Boarding
• Coupling
• Base Plate
• Guard Rail
Needle Scaffold
• Standards
• Ledgers
• Putlog
• Brace
• Boarding
• Needle
• Strut
• Wedges
• Post
Wooden Scaffold (Gantry with traveller or crane)
Wooden Scaffold (Platform Gantry)
• Plank Floor
• Head
• Tie
• Brace
• Sole Piece
• Curb
Scaffolding
Scaffolding
Scaffolding
Scaffolding
Further Reading
Books:
• Building Construction by Sushil Kumar
• Building Construction by Rangwala
• Building Construction by B. C. Punmia

Temporary Structures

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Temporary Structures (Shoring, Underpinning and Scaffolding)

Department of Architecture & Planning

When do we require Shoring?

✓ When defective walls of a building are to be dismantled and rebuilt

✓ To support the super-structure when large openings are required to be made

in load bearing walls

building is to be pulled down and rebuilt

Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)

• Rakers (Inclined Shores)

Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)-

Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)

Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)

Raking Shores (Inclined Shores)

Why do we require Scaffolding?

✓ Hoist the materials for the immediate use at various heights

• Steel or Tubular Scaffold

Steel or Tubular Scaffold

Steel or Tubular Scaffold

Steel or Tubular Scaffold

Wooden Scaffold (Gantry with traveller or crane)

Wooden Scaffold (Platform Gantry)

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