BIOLOG 2021

By Ken Varghese
XI-D

MALNUTRITION
ACKNOWLEDEMENT
I  would like to earnestly acknowledge the sincere efforts and
valuable time given by my advisor and Biology teacher, Mr.
Manoj Edavalath. His valuable guidance and feedback have
helped me in completing this project. I am dearly obliged to Mr.
Manoj for giving me an opportunity to work on this project
which has provided valuable information about
MALNUTRITION which also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know about so many new things.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents who helped me
a lot in in collecting data, gathering lots of information and
guiding me to do the best work possible.
I would also like to thank all my friends who helped me in
finding the right topic, helped me gather information and help
me complete the project. Without their help, completing this
project would have been very difficult.

THANKING YOU,
KEN ZACHARIAH VARGHESE
11-D
TABLE OF CONTENT
Certificate …………………………………………………………………………………………I

Acknowledgement ..…………………………………………………………………………II

Table of Contents…………………………………………………….………………………III

1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………… 1

2.
DOCTOR’S INTERVIEW

1) How can we know if a person is

malnourished? What are the
symptoms?

 We can easily identify if a person is

undernourished based on the following factors:
bones are bulging out of the body, if the person is
at high risk of fever at all times, loss of muscle and
body mass, longer time for wound healing, always
feeling cold, etc.

2) What are the causes of malnutrition?

 Malnutrition has a various number of causes,
some are; low intake of food, mental health
conditions, digestive disorders and stomach
conditions, alcohol use disorder. Long term
conditions that cause loss of appetite, feeling sick,
vomiting and/or change in bowel habit, etc.

3) What are the risk factors of

malnutrition?

 In some parts of the world, widespread and long-

term malnutrition can result from a lack of food.
older adults, especially when they are in the
hospital or long-term institutional care
 people who are socially isolated — for example,
due to mobility issues, health problems, or other
factors
 people with a low income
 people recovering from or living with a serious
illness or condition
 those who have difficulty absorbing nutrients
 people with chronic eating disorders such as b or
anorexia nervosa
4) What is the problem with formula milk?

 Unlike breastmilk, formula milk doesn’t contain

antibodies that boost a baby’s immune system and
protect them from disease, which is very
important in developing countries. It’s also
expensive and hard to prepare safely in homes
that have no clean water or means of sterilization.

5) Why do malnourished children have big

bellies?

 Kwashiorkor is a form of acute malnutrition that

occurs due to protein deficiency. Kwashiorkor is a
serious condition that can happen when a person
does not consume enough protein. Severe protein
deficiency can lead to fluid retention, which can
make the stomach look bloated.

6) What are the consequences of

malnutrition on children?

 Nearly half of all deaths of children under five

worldwide are due to malnutrition. It weakens
the immune system and makes children very
vulnerable to diseases such as cholera and
measles.  This leads to the dismal growth of
 children which adversely affect child's mental
and physical development and learning
capacity in future life.

7) Is obesity a form of malnutrition?

 Yes.  This leads to the dismal growth of children

which adversely affect child's mental and
physical development and learning capacity in
future life.

8) should adults with malnutrition or at

risk of malnutrition be recommended
nutrition intervention in hospital?

 Treatment for malnutrition depends on the

underlying cause and how severely
malnourished you are. You may be given advice
to use at home, or you may be treated at home
under the supervision of a dietitian or other
qualified health professional. In some
cases, hospital admission is necessary.

9) What are the nutritional guidelines

best for undernourished people?
 Eat a variety of vegetables, especially dark green,
red, and orange vegetables (3 or more servings a
day).
 Eat a variety of fruits (2 or more servings a day).
 Eat whole-grain, high-fibre breads, and cereals (3
to 6 servings a day).
 Drink fat-free or low-fat milk and eat low-fat dairy
products.

10) In individuals with chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD), which
nutrition assessment process can be
used to diagnose malnutrition and to
identify nutritional risk?

 Lung (pulmonary) function tests. These tests

measure the amount of air you can inhale and
exhale, and whether your lungs deliver enough
oxygen to your blood. ...
 Chest X-ray. A chest X-ray can show emphysema,
one of the main causes of COPD.
 CT scan.
 Arterial blood gas analysis.
 Laboratory tests.