-- ​Forces​--

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

Law of Inertia: ​An object at rest stays at rest &
and object in motion stays in motion going at
the same speed & direction unless acted upon
by an unbalanced force
*​resist change in velocity
*net force = acceleration in that direction
*no net force = const. velocity or equilibrium
*​more mass = more inertia

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

The truck weighs 2,500 kg and is on a
∑F = ma frictionless incline of 40​°.​ How fast will the
The acceleration of an object is directly truck fall down the hill w/ loose brakes?
proportional to the net force applied and ∑F = ma = mgsin​θ
inversely proportional to the object’s mass a = gsin​40​°​ = 6.3m/s^2
*more force = more acceleration What force is needed to accelerate 4m/s^2
*more mass = less acceleration upward?​ ​∑F = ma = F - mgsin​θ
*∑Fx = Fcos​θ - F​fric F - (2,500)(9.8)sin​40 = (4)(2500)
*∑Fy = Fsin​θ + F​norm - ​Fg​ F = 25,748.3N
Acceleration w/ force of friction w/ µ = .2?
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion A 750g plant is hung with the right hand
∑F = ma = mgsin​θ - Ff = ​mgsin​θ - µF​n
Every action has equal & opposite reaction string making a 66​°​ w/ the horizontal. Whats
Ff = ​mgsin​θ - (.2)(mgcosθ)
(forces come in twos) the tension on both strings?
Ff =(9.8)​sin​40 - (9.8)(.2)(cos40) = 4.8 N
∑Fy = Tsin​θ - mg ∑Fx = Trcos​θ -
Force of Friction Tsin​66 = (750g)(10) T​L
Limits movement (sliding across carpet) T = 8209.77 N ​(8209)cos66​ = T​L
Static Friction: ​friction force encountered T​L​ = 3339.22
when trying to start moving something (large)
Kinetic Friction:​ acts on an object in motion
Sliding Friction:​ against dir of motion A 2kg yoyo is spun traveling at 23m/s. At the
Rolling Friction: ​in dir of motion top a 25 N centripetal force is exerted on the
F​f​ = µF​n yoyo, what’s the radius?
2
∑F =​ mvr = Fn + mg
Circular Motion 2 (2)(23)2
Centripetal Force: ​force directed toward the r = F nmv+ mg = 25 + (2)(9.8) = 23.72 m
center of circular motion
Centrifugal Force: ​tendency of an object to move in
a straight line vs circular motion A carousel makes 6.8 rev/sec traveling at
Tangential Velocity:​ velocity tangent to circ. path 4.8 m/s. What’s the frequency?
Period:​ time to complete 1 circular trip (sec) ☆​ T = 2πr 2πr
v = 6.8 =​ 4.8 ; ​r = 5.19 m
Frequency: ​cycles per second (Hz or 1/sec)
v2 mv 2 ☆ ​ v=2πrf​ = 4.8 = 2π(5.19)f; f = .147 Hz
☆ ac = r
☆ ​∑F = ma = r
2πr
☆T= ☆ v=2πrf
v A jumping rope is hung on a fan w/ a 7kg mass
at the end of it, spinning w/ a radius of 2m &
4m/s. What’s the tension in the rope?
∑Fy = 0 = Ty - mg
Ty = (7kg)(9.8m/s^2) = 68.6 N
mv 2
∑Fx = r = Tx
(7kg)(4m/s) 2
Tx = 2m
= 56 N
2 2
T= √68.6 + 56 = 88.55 N