Fertilizer from beer waste

Contents
Fertilizer from beer waste ............................................................................................................. 1
1.Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Problem statement...................................................... ............................................................ 4
1.2 Objective...................................................................................................................................
5
1.2.1 General objective .................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................
5
1.3 Significant of the project ..........................................................................................................
5
2. Literature review ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Overview of waste ................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Classification of wastes ............................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Wastes of brewery ................................................................................................................... 7
2.4 Application of wastes ...............................................................................................................
7
2.6 Fertilizer ................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Material and Methodology ..................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 11
4 Financial break-down ............................................................................................................... 13
5.Expected outcomes .................................................................................................................. 14
Reference .....................................................................................................................................15
 1.Introduction
Due to the number of populations of the world which is increasing in an alarming rate there is a
high rate of consumption of crops which are used for human food. Fertilizer play a key role in
maintains plant growth and high yield of crops. The profitability of fertilizer use in the region is
lower than elsewhere in the developing world, the region’s poorly developed marketing system,
its difficult production environment. Fertilizer is part of the technological trinity (improved seed,
irrigation, and fertilizer) which created the green revolution. Insufficient use of fertilizer has
hindered growth in agricultural productivity and to some extent jeopardizes the quality of soil.
Thus, fertilizer programs to reducing poverty and hunger would be higher if they could be
designed and implemented to target poor households and areas where fertilizer will give
positive net economic benefits.
1.1 Problem statement
It is known that Brewery has not a utilizations mechanism of dewatering waste as well as
kieselguhr waste. The waste water generated from the brew house, fermentation and filtration
house and utility. With this in mind, we are going to utilize the dewatered waste in addition to
kieselguhr waste for organic fertilizer purpose. This project can help to utilize the unwanted
waste with best treatment mechanism. Besides, utilizing the waste can enhance additional
revenue to the company. Generally, utilizing the discharging waste kieselguhr with the effluent
dewatered waste plays a great role for the waste stability and waste handling mechanism in
avoidance of odor.
1.2 Objective
1.2.1 General objective
To produce an organic fertilizer, for large array of crops.
1.2.2 Specific objectives

 To utilize dewatered and kieselghur wastes as organic fertilizer and to understand the
effect of dewatered waste on the fertility of soil.
 To understand the effect of kieselghur waste on the fertility of soil.
 To check the simultaneous effect of the same ratios of dewatered and kieselghur waste
on the fertility of soil.
 To understand the alternative effect of different ratio of dewatered and kieselghur
waste on the fertility of soil.
 Both wastes with the same ratio with insufficient water.
1.3 Significant of the project
The project has a significant deal in utilization mechanism of wastes of the company. The waste
handling mechanism is not environmentally friendly yet even there is a treatment plant. The
waste has rotten egg smell which disturbs the health of workers. The project aims not only to
minimize this smell but also it will be good trend for other similar industries. The hosting
company also benefited in income and may have its own fertilizer processing.
 2. Literature review
2.1 Overview of waste
Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for
which the initial user has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production,
transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose.Wastes may be
generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into
intermediate and dispose. Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw final products,
the consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals recycled or reused at
the place of generation are excluded.
In other hand, wastes are unwanted material left over from a production process, or output
which has no marketable value. Process or material that does not (from the viewpoint of the
customer) adds value to a good or service. Material discharged to, deposited in, or emitted to
an environment in such amount or manner that causes a harmful change. Unnecessary
movement of material or parts due discharged to, deposited in, or emitted to an environment in
such amount or manner that causes a harmful change.

2.2 Classification of wastes

Wastes could be liquid or solid waste. Both of them could be hazardous. Liquid and solid waste
types can also be grouped in to organic, re-usable and recyclable wastes. The classification
includes liquid waste, solid waste, hazardous type, organic type, recyclable type etc.
2.3 Wastes of brewery
Wastes are the by products which are generated from different productions of goods. The
wastes can be handled in different forms as liquid or solid. The waste water generated from the
brew house, fermentation and filtration house and utility section.
2.4 Application of wastes
Wastes can be applied for different purposes as their origin for the manufacturing of variety of
goods and services. Waste application includes as fertilizer. With this in mind there are different
wastes which are recycled back and used for different cases.
2.5 Standards of wastes
Wastes discharged from different industries have standards which is environmentally friendly.
Ethiopian environmental agency also has standard for wastes which are generated from liquor
industries. According to Ethiopian environmental agency the discharged waste water must
include the following parameters.
Expected analysis at the out let waste water
Temperature 18- 40 °C
PH 6–9
BOD at 20°C < 60 mg/l,
COD < 250 mg/l
Suspended solids <50 mg/l
Total nitrogen (as N) <40 mg/l,
Total phosphorus (as P) <5 mg/l,
2.6 Fertilizer
Fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils or plant tissue
(usually leaves) to supply one or more plant nutrient essential to the growth of plants. This also
depends on its soil fertility. Fertilizers are any solid, liquid or gaseous substance containing one
or more plant nutrients, that is applied to the soil, directly on the plant or added to aqueous
solutions to maintain soil fertility, improve crop development, yield and crop quality.
The purpose fertilizer uses especially for higher yields is identical in temperate and tropical
climates. Fertilizer is also valuable:
To supplement the natural soil nutrients supply and build up soil fertility in order to satisfy the
demand of crops.
To compensate for the nutrients exported by the harvested products or lost by unavoidable
leakages to the environmental in order to maintain good soil conditions for cropping.
Fertilizer are classified in to two major forms,
Organic fertilizer
Mineral (manufactured fertilizer

From the classified fertilizers, we are focusing on the organic fertilizer.

Organic Fertilizer
Organic fertilizer is fertilizers derived from animal matter human excreta or vegetable matter. In
contrast, the majority of fertilizer is extracted from mineral (example phosphate rock) or
produced industrially example ammonia. Plants need more than just nutrients in the soil. The
application of synthetic fertilizer actualy kills a significant percentage of beneficial
microorganisms. Microorganism commonly found in soil and compost convert organic nitrogen
into inorganic nitrogen, a process called mineralization. Due to organic fertilizer has,
  Organic matter improves soli structure, results in crumb like structure
 Organic matter improves water retention and enhances soil fertility.
 Microorganism can break down contaminants in the soil and water to components that
pose less of an environmental hazard
Soils with lots of organic material remain lose and airy, hold more moisture and nutrients, foster
growth of soil organism, and promote healthier plant root development. But, if only chemicals
are added. The soil gradually loss its organic matter and microbe’s activity. As this material is
used up, the soil structure deteriorates, becoming compact, lifeless and less able to hold water
and nutrients. This result in increased amount needed to feed plants. Many organic materials
serve as both fertilizers and soils conditioners. They feed both soils and plants. This is one of the
most important differences between a chemical approach and an organic approach towards soil
care and fertilizing. Soluble chemicals fertilizers contain mineral salts that plants roots can
absorb quickly. However, these salts do not provide a food source for soil microorganisms and
earthworms, and will even repel earthworms because they acidify the solid.
All in all, looking back at thousands of years of recorded world history reveals two important
facts about human nature. First, human beings possess limitless potential for compassion,
innovation and achievement. Secondly, these qualities are brought to full bloom where and
when people have access to healthy food.
Experts estimate that there will be more than nine billion people on our planet by 2050. That is
nearly three billion more people than are alive today. People from different walks of life who
share one common challenge. Each will experience hunger, requiring food to survive. Fertilizer
will continue to play a key role in meeting the external challenge.
From different literatures a kieselghur waste with waste sulfite liquor is used for fertilizers. In
our concern kieselghur waste with different minerals in soil can be an organic fertilizer which
helps the sustainable growth of crops with required mineral supply. As it’s mentioned in the
above kieselghur waste consists of different organic compounds which are very vital for crops
mineral growth. A study about waste recycling, using residual kieselghur from beer filtration as
fertilizer for crops in order to improve soil quality. Chemical compositions of such waste
indicated the existence of 11-12% protein (organic matter), with a few phosphorous and
potassium quantities. The organic matrix of nitrogen from residual kieselghur allows it to be
better reused by the plants.
The kieselghur wastes with soil will also a very significant fertilizer is our project concerned. In
other way, the brewing industry is one of the largest industrial users of water. Even though
substantial technological improvements have been made in the past, it has been documented
that approximately 3 to 10 liters of waste effluent is generated per liter of beer produced in
breweries.

The treatment of brewery waste water effluent is a costly affair for the brewer in order to meet
the government regulations and to practice environmentally friendly manufacturing. Biological
treatment is widely applied, and two treatment options are available. Generally, aerobic
treatment has been applied for treatment of brewery waste water and recently anaerobic
systems have become an attractive option in our hosting company both treatment mechanisms
undergoes simultaneo
 3. Material and Methodology
3.1 Material
• buckets,
• goggles,
• sieve,
• back hoe,
• Tap water(raw water),
• hose pipe, cropping area(10x10)meter,
• crops(barley and wheat),
• white over coat,
• safety
• shoes,
• spade,
• lasso(skip) etc.
Equipment
• Conical flask,
• PH meter,
• Spectrometer,
• mixer (stirrer),
• electronic balance,
• plastic gloves
3.2 Methodology
Different practical determinations will be gone on for better usage of the required fertilizer.
Sample of soils from different nearest cities will randomly collect, especially from the hosting
company and measured its pH qualitatively. Determination of some heavy metal that may exist
in the sludge will helps to know the mineral content of the sludge. The specification of pH of
sewage sludge is very important because it determines the fate of the metals present in the
sludge when the material is disposed of as a source of cheap fertilizer. Moisture content of the
sample will be presented in dry form to have homogeneity, the sample will be crushed in to
semi fine powder and sieved using a state of stainless still kind of sieves. Deionized water will be
added to a conical flask with the sludge then shaken with magnetic stirrer until the sample will
thoroughly dispersed then PH will be measured.
In case of kieselguhr, the silicon and other metals occurrence with their corresponding
percentage will be checked. Metal quantity and variety of soil samples is required for better
application. Kieselguhr must dry and sieved later pH will be measured. Soil will mix with
kieselguhr for days for analysis of soil PH after drying. Characterization of different metals in
kieselghur with the sampled solid will observed practically using spectrometer in laboratory.
Area of land used for cropping is estimated to be 1 by1 meter and will be used both wastes for
the mentioned field experiment. The wastes which are used for this purpose are in the same
ratio, in different ratio, with watering enough water and in a situation without supplying enough
water respectively this enables to understand the effect of the fertilizer in different soil
characteristics. In brewery there is soft to non-soft ratio of water then soft behavior of water is
not comfortable for crops for this tap water source is required. Different ratios of both wastes
will be checked separately as organic fertilizer. And mixing both wastes in the same ratio will be
tested its effectiveness when it is used as fertilizer.
4 Financial break-down

no Item description quantity unit Unit price Total price Remark

1 Crops 5 kg Kg 15.00
2 Hoes pipe 25 meters Pcs 10.00
3 Back hoe 3 Pcs 200.00
4 spade 3 Pcs
5 Bucket 3 Pcs
6 Camera 1 Pcs
7 Skip 15 meters Pcs
8 Sieve 2 pcs
total
5.Expected outcomes
The application of kieselguhr sludge can supply nitrogen and other nutrients to crops. Waste
kieselguhr could be applied as slow acting organic fertilizer. After the project work both
kieselguhr and dewatered sludge will be expected to be best organic fertilizers that can control
the fertilizer market. It will also be another raw material source for organic fertilizer factories.
Besides, it will be the way of revenue for our hosting company. Storage capacities for this waste
could decrease significantly which will diminish odors in the environment around the company.
It will help the agricultural development of the country by increase yield of crops and enhancing
food security around the country.
Hence, we are using byproducts of the company it has a great economic (less price) benefits for
farmers and all agricultural stake holders than the fertilizers that are in market today. It reduces
around more than 50% of the fertilizer cost that are distributed now days.
Key Words:

 Kieselguhr: Is the term used for fossil of diatoms (single celled algae containing silicon
diatoms).
 De watered waste: The discharged brewery sludge with less water content.
Reference http:// www.wikipedia.org
Ana Kastrova, Incubation study of kieselguhr (diatomite) for application as organic fertilizer and
soil ameliorant, Institute of soil science, Agro chemistry dep’t, Bulgaria. February 10, 1997
M.L Vitson, N-P-K fertilizers, Michigan state university, dep’t, of crop and soil science.3rd edition
2007
Anonymous available at [ http: // ncbi.nih.gov](Us National library of medicine).December 23,
2015
Anonymous available at http:// watertech.com
Ludwig kern, fertilizers and process of manufacturing, June 29, 1915
Anonymous available at [http:// watertech.com] retrieved on February 29, 2016
Prof. Saa Dittoh at [http://www.agripolicyout] university of development studies Ghana June,2 ,
2012.