I.

Concepts, Components, and Framework

 Routine Health Information System (RHIS)

Routine health information system is a passive system in which regular reports
about diseases and programs are completed by public health staff members,
hospitals, and clinics. These are systems that generate data collected from public and
private health facilities and institutions as well as community-level healthcare
facilities and clinics and health programs, at regular intervals of at least a year. Data
collected in routine information system gives a picture of the health status, health
services and health resources. An RHIS also provides regular information for many
core indicators of the national health strategy. An example of this system includes,
Electronic medical records (EMR), Paper-based records of patient care, Facility-
based health management information systems (HMIS), and Routine supervisory
information systems

 Disease Surveillance Systems

According to World Health Organization, these systems are developed to provide
information for planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of public
health intervention programmes. This system is used for early detection of
outbreaks, monitoring disease trends as well as collecting and analyzing
epidemiological data and to monitor progress towards national or international
control or eradication targets. An example of this system includes, behavioral risk
factor surveillance system (BRFSS), Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response,
and Periodic Population-based Surveys.

 Laboratory Information Systems (LIS)

LIS is a software system that records, manages, and stores data for clinical
laboratories. Traditionally, LIS have been adept at sending testing orders to lab
intruments, tracking those orders, and then recording the results, typically to a
searchable database. Laboratory information systems are used to coordinate,
varieties of inpatient and outpatient medical testing, including hematology,
chemistry, immunology and microbiology. Not only that, they also manage patient
check in, order, entry, specimen processing, result entry and patient demographics.
According to Forest & Rheault et.al (1985), the system has 14 major functions:
registration of test requests, production of specimen collection sheets and
identification labels, confirmation of specimen collection, production of aliquot
labels, workload inquiry, production of worksheets, manual entry of test results,
automated entry of test results, results inquiry, preliminary report, final report, daily
activity reports, statistical reports, billing. An example of this kind of system is
Anatomic Pathology Laboratory Information System, Quality Assurance System, and
Immunology Applications

 Hospital Patient Administration Systems (PAS)

PAS is a system that is designed to capture all non-clinical information about the
patient and the activity they have across a multitude of care setting. This system
provides the administration personnel tools for obtaining data, coordinated and
manage patient encounters across the continuum of care in an intelligently efficient
and automated way. The patient administration system is developed for
appointment booking, waitlist management, patient admission, discharge and
transfers. An example of this system which include, Charging, Billing and Receipt of
Payment System and Patient Registration Application, Medical Records Tracking
and Coding, Inpatient and Outpatient Management and Patient Master Index.

 Human Resource Management Information Systems (HRMIS)

Human resource information system or human resource management
information system (HRMIS), is basically an intersection of human resources and
information technology through HR software. It allows HR activities and processes
 to occur electronically. HRMIS is designed for big and small businesses to take care
of a number of activities, including human resources, accounting, management, and
payroll. They also allow companies to plan its human resource costs more effectively,
manage and control them without allocating too many resources towards them.
Example of this includes, Applicant tracking systems (ATS), Benefits
administration software, HCM (human capital management) and payroll
management.

References:

Ghosh, P.(19, September 2019). What Is HRIS? System, Model, and Application.HR
Technologist.Retrieved 23, January 2021 from
https://www.hrtechnologist.com/articles/performance-management-hcm/what-is-
hris/.

Forest, J.C., Rheault, C., & Dang-Vu, T.K.(April 1985).National Library of

Medicine.Retrieved 23, January 2021 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4017227/

Nsubuga, P., White, M.E., Thacker, S.B & et.al.(2006). Chapter 53Public Health
Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions.National Center for
Biotechnology Information.Retrieved 23, January 2021 from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11770/.

Patient Administration System (PAS).(2017).internationalonline.Retrieved 23, January

2021 from https://www.iol.gr/solutions/healthcare/trakcare/patient-administration-
system/#Patient_Administration_System_PAS.

Routine Health Information Systems.(n.d).MEASURE Evaluation.Retrieved 23,

January 2021 from https://measureevaluation.org/our-work/routine-health-
information-systems.