Tutorial 6

Internal Pipe Flow

Energy Losses in Piping Systems

• Darcy-Weisbach equation for headlosses in pipes

(major headlosses):

lL V 2
hL  f
D 2g
Equation for headlosses in pipes (minor headlosses):

V2
hL  ∑K
K minor
L
2g
 Trends in f
• f declines with increasing Re,
e.g., increasing V at fixed D.

• In laminar region,
f = 64/Re

• In turbulent region, for given e/D, f declines

more slowly than in laminar region;
eventually, the decline stops altogether.
(Q1)
(Q2) Water flows with a mass flow rate of 60 kg/s and dynamic
viscosity of 1.14x10-3 N.s/m2 in a 20 cm diameter cast-iron pipe.
What is the head loss per kilometer of the pipe.

VD VD 4Q 
4m
Re    
v  Dv D
𝝐 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝒔 (Millimeters)
(Q3) Water at 15°C (ρ=999.1 kg/m3 and μ=1.138x10-3 kg/m·s) is flowing
steadily in a 30-m-long and 4-cm-diameter horizontal pipe made of
stainless steel at a rate of 8 L/s. Determine (a) the pressure drop, (b) the
head loss, and (c) the pumping power requirement to overcome
this pressure drop. Roughness of stainless steel is 0.002 mm.

Assumptions
1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance effects are
negligible, and thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The pipe involves no
components such as bends, valves, and connectors. 4 The piping section
involves no work devices such as pumps and turbines.
(Q4)
(Q5)
(Q6) Water is pumped through a 60-m-long, 0.3 m-diameter pipe from a lower
reservoir to a higher reservoir whose surface is 10 m above the lower one. The
sum of the minor loss coefficients for the system is KL = 14.5. When the pump
adds 40 kW to the water, the flowrate is 0.2 m3 /s. Determine the friction factor
of the major loss, f, and also the ԑ of pipe. Given μ = 1.12 x 10-3 N.s/m2.