Bridgestone Seismic Isolation Bearing

Design Flow of SI System with Case Study

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 Preface:
Seismic Isolation

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 1. Seismic Isolation: Introduction

A Support

B
Flexibility

C
Damping

Fixed-base Suffers Isolated

Structural damages
△〜× ○
(wall, frame, etc.)

× Furniture (falling) ○
× Feeling (Awful) ○

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 1. Seismic Isolation: Introduction

A Support

B
Flexibility

C
Damping

*Shaking table test simulation

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 1. Seismic Isolation: Proven Records

The Tohoku-Pacific Earthquake

Magnitude : Mw9.0 (Moment Magnitude)
Date : 11th, March, 2011 at 14:46:23
Location : 38.103°N, 142.860°E (Depth: 24km)
Region : Near the east coast of Honsyu, Japan
129km East of Sendai
Source: The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

(1) One of the greatest class massive earthquake over the world
*Ocean-Trench type Earthquake (Mw9.0)
*Maximum JMA Seismic Intensity: Level 7
*Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) ： 2,933Gal
(Kurihara-Shi, Miyagi-Prefecture)

(2) Long term earthquake duration time

*Hyougo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake: Strong Motion 20 seconds
*Tohoku Earthquake: Strong Motion 190 seconds

(3) Aftershock activities (intermittent aftershocks)

*A large number of strong aftershocks have followed the main quake

(4) Extensive seismic excitation (Long term excitation)

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 1. Seismic Isolation: Proven Records
Verification of Seismic Isolation Building Performance
Seismic Isolation
Comparison of Building Performance Buildings
20
Conventional
Hachinohe City Buildings
Government Office
15 (120gal)
Tohoku University Faculty of
Toda City Technology Human Environment
Government Office Bld.
(531gal) (908gal)
Stories

10

At 1st floor level

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Earthquake strength
Gal: Acceleration 1[gal]=[1cm/sec2](1G=980gal)

Seismic isolation ⇒ The shaking intensity was 1/2 to 1/3 of earthquake input.
Less amplification at upper stories.
Conventional ⇒ The shaking intensity was 2 to 3 times more at upper stories.
Large amplification at upper stories. Reference: Japan association building HP, 
http://www.npa.go.jp/archive/keibi/biki/higaijokyo.pdf

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 1. Seismic Isolation: Proven Records

Conventional System Seismic Isolation System

Damage at structural
No damage at structural
Shear cracks on the
wall

Save your property Achieve BCP

*Business Continuity Plan
Heavy damage inside room
No damage inside room

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 Design Flow of Seismic Isolation System with
Case Study

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 2. Design Flow of SI System

Determination of seismic cond., design target

HDR selection
based on column load / DD+0.3LL

Equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure

No
Judgement ①

Yes
Time history analysis
・ 11 seismic waves in x, and y direction

No
Judgement ②

Yes
End
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 3. Case Study

3-1. Model Building

 Residential building designed for fixed-base system

 Feasibility study of base isolation with Bridgestone-

HDRB was studied.

(This study is a part of TDV-Bridgestone Joint Research

Project 2018-2019)

10F model building

Construction material Reinforced Concrete

Structural system Frame & Frame + Shear wall
Number of story 10
Seismic weight 58582 kN

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 3.2 Determination of Seismic Input

Soil conditions : ZC
Distance from fault :10km, 25km
Return period : 475yrs. (DBE), 2475yrs. (MCE)

Site Class: ZC - 2475 year return period

2.0
1.8
10 km
1.6
Spectral acceleraion (g)

1.4
1.2
25 km
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Period (s)

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 3.3 Preliminary Isolation System Design by ELF Procedure
Shear Force
2.0
2
1.5 σ=15(N/mm )
Q1
Shear Stress τ (N/mm )

S2 =5.0
2

1.0
f=0.33(Hz)
0.5 Qd1
0.0 K2 Keq K1
-0.5 X2
-1.0
ΔW:loop X1
-1.5 Qd2
area
-2.0 Shear
-4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Displacement Geq  A
K eq 
Shear Strain γ(-) Q2 n  tr

Shear properties of HDR H eq  W

2    K eq X2 
Properties at
Compound Function （0.1≦γ≦2.7）
γ=100%
Geq=0.392(N/mm2) 1.145 1.583 1.192 0.4160 0.05400
X0.4S
Heq=0.240 0.2160 0.008000 0.01800 0.006000

Geq=0.62 (N/mm2) 0.62 2.855 3.878 2.903 1.016 0.1364

X0.6R
Heq=0.240 0.240 ∙ 0.9150 0.2364 0.1804 0.02902

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 3.3 Preliminary Isolation System Design by ELF Procedure

Property Modification Factor λ

λ factors for effective stiffness and equivalent damping ratio of HDR

upper lower upper lower

Aging λa 1.20 1.00 0.80 1.00
Temperature λt 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
All cyclic effects λ test 1.15 1.00 1.00 1.00
Manufacture
λ spec 1.10 0.90 1.10 0.90
tolerance
Total λ total 1.45 0.90 0.94 0.90

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 3.3 Preliminary Isolation System Design by ELF Procedure

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 3.4 Selection of Isolation Size (HDRB)

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 3.4 Selection of Isolation Size (HDRB)

Items Seismic level Isolator Target

prop.
Base share Vb/W 475yrs.(DBE) Upper b. ≦20%:
Isolator disp. 2475yrs.(MCE) Lower b. ≦270%

Typical dimension
Number Average
Effective Effective Number of
Building type Site Size code* of compressive
diameter height rubber
isolators stress (MPa)
(mm) (mm) layers
HH075X6R 29 750 202 43
ZC-10 4.69
HH080X6R 3 800 200 40
10 story HH060X6R 5 600 200 50
ZC-25 HH065X6R 17 650 198 45 5.37
HH070X6R 10 700 202 43

Rubber compound Hardness Elongation at Tensile 100% modulus

break (%) strength (MPa) (MPa)

X0.6R 53+/-5 min. 780 min. 8.5 0.73+/-0.2

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 3.5 Check Adequacy of Selected Isolator for Deformation Capacity
Summary of ELF results with HDR
Site ZC-10km ZC-25km
Building Base-shear coeff. Max. disp. at MCE Base-shear coeff. Max. disp. at MCE
type at DBE (mm) at DBE (mm)

10 story 0.165 444 0.123 312

Check the stability of selected

isolator under short term load by
UPD

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 3.6 Time History Analysis
A NEW HYSTERESIS MODEL BASED ON AN
INTEGRAL TYPE DEFORMATION-HISTORY
FOR HIGH DAMPPING RUBBER BEARING

New Numerical Model for HDRB was developed by Bridgestone and has been
Concept of numerical model for Bridgestone HDR SAP2000 / Numerical simulation of base-isolated
implemented to ETABS/SAP2000
buildingsinwith
2018.
Bridgestone HDR isolators

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 3.6 Time History Analysis

(1) Program: ETABS/SAP2000

(2) HDR numerical model: Deformation History Integral type model (DHI model)
* HDRB model in ETABS/SAP2000 Link element menu

Technical note (S-TN-LNK-001.pdf) of DHI model can be

downloaded from CSI website.
keywords: high-damping rubber isolator

← Ga

γ1 → γ2 →
τ1 → τ2 →

←θ
← γd

DHI model for HDR-X0.6R

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 3.6 Time History Analysis

λ factors for effective stiffness and equivalent damping ratio of HDR

Parameters for DHI model in case of nominal, upper, and lower bound

Parameters HDR ‐ X06R HDR ‐ X04S

(UB/LB) (UB(LB)
Ga : 0.5840 /0.7292 0.3217 / 0.1974
1: 1.5700 / 4.8338 1.6430 / 0.9310
: 0.2268 / 0.6986 0.4572 / 0.2592
1: 0.03591 0.0391
: 0.5 0.3
 0.4598 0.5000
d: 0.4181 2.5000
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 3.6 Time History Analysis

◆ Design Target

Items Seismic level Isolator Target

prop.
Base share Vb/W 475yrs.(DBE) Upper b. ≦20%:
Isolator disp. 2475yrs.(MCE) Lower b. ≦270%

◆ Analysis results

Build.type Dist.(km) Vb/W (%) Max.disp.(cm)

10 18.27 49.12
10F
25 8.97 25.95

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 3.6 Time History Analysis

9
Storey Acceleration Response
0.23 0.24

8 0.16 0.16

7 0.15 0.16

6 0.14 0.14

5 0.13 0.14

4 0.14 0.15
Storey

3 0.15 0.15

2 0.16 0.15

1 0.15 0.17

0.16
0 0.16
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45
-1 ISOLATION FLOOR 0.20 0.20
GROUND
-2 0.43

Maximum response acceleration of Orbit of gravity center and hysteresis loop of an

10 Storey building at 25km dist. under DBE element isolator of 10 Storey building at 25km
dist. under MCE

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 Copyright © Bridgestone Corporation

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