PREDISPOSING

PRECIPITATING
FACTOR:
FACTOR:
Age
Entrance of bacteria in airway(Streptococcus Environmental Surrounding
pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza and Second Hand Smoker
Staphylococcus species)

Nausea/Vomiting/
Diarrhea Material propelled into alveolar system

Elceflora 1 sachet Adherence to alveolar macrophages exposure

3 times a day PO of cell wall component (bacterial invasion to
lungs)

B. Clausii is a treatment Release of damaging toxins Pen G treat a wide range of

and prevention of gut bacterial infections, it helps
barrier impairment. the immune system
Pen G 400,000 unit
Inflammation occurs overcome and infection by
IV for 6hours
killing or limiting the
growth of bacteria
Release of inflammatory mediators
Cytokines Histamine

Histamine
Release of pyrogens Allergic reaction
(anaphylaxis)

Anterior Hypothalamus
Vasodilation Contraction of smooth
muscle tissues in the lungs Tissue swelling
(in and around
Disruption of the alveolar sacs
thermoregulation WBCs and goblet and bronchioles)
cells leakage Narrowing of bronchial
tree
02 Therapy
Fever (38C)
Paracetamol acts as
an antipyretic and WBCs migrate Goblet cells Salbutamol neb
to the site of Bronchospasm
inhibits the synthesis irritation 1 respoule + 2ml
of prostaglandin. it infection Nss every 6hours
Paracetamol 10Ml
reduces fever by every 4 hours, T=
promoting heat loss 37.8 ^ Decrease
and thus help to reset Increases
Confluent of alveolar oxygen Bronchodilation results
the hypothalamic secretion/production
WBCs and from relaxation of
thermostat of mucus
leukocytes in the bronchial smooth muscles,
lungs which relieves relieves
Poor oxygenation bronchospasm and airway
of blood resistance
Dyspnea

3 liters of water/day Sputum build up

Hypoxemia
Chest physiotherapy headache

Occludes airway
Use of accessory
Impaired Tachypnea
muscles
Gas
Airways constriction Exchange

Ineffective breathing
Ineffective airway pattern
clearance

Initial Dx: PCAP-MR

 The patient manifested clear breath sounds over all lung fields and vital signs
are back within the normal ranges.
 The patient was able to expectorate sputum, have normal breathing and RR
is within normal range. The patient also achieved increased water intake.
 The patient was not able to expectorate, breathing and RR does not show
any sign of improvements. The patient was only able to drink less than 1 cup
throughout the shift.