Republic of the Philippines

Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges

Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

CONCEPT PAPER 01:

A Study on the Design and Prototype of

Smart Trash Bin
Integrated to a Shredding and Flattening
Machine

Proponent:

Mary Joy O. Cervantes

BSECE-3C
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

A STUDY ON THE DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE OF SMART TRASH BIN

INTEGRATED TO A SHREDDING AND FLATTENING MACHINE

Introduction

Smart Trash Bin will gain popularity due to its pleasing benefits like it helps in

creating more sources for recycling as it decreases the probability of contamination and

spread of germs and viruses. Recycling plays a vital role in saving the environment

through reducing wastes. [1] Notable benefits of Smart bins mentioned by the

Metropolitan Transfer station which are environmentally friendly where it reduces the

need for collection visits, smart bins lower emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases.

It offers a well compact sorting of waste and increase rate of segregation and recycling.

It is a smart system which uses artificial intelligence, sensors and image recognition. One

of the major steps in waste management is segregation where it increases the recyclable

materials and control unwanted degradation. This might be a simple activity yet effective

ways of reducing the amount of waste dumped into our garbage sites or landfills.

Infact, our country has recycling centers that do manual process of sorting wastes

leading to a high risk of acquiring diseases. Through this study automation of waste

segregation and implementation of a waste delivery system that would minimize human

interference in the waste collecting and segregation process.

The system of this paper will compose of 5 compartments intended for segregating

different types of wastes namely: Paper, metal, Plastic, Glass and Biodegradable wastes.

Each has their own function whereby 3 compartments have capability of shredding the
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

perceived type of waste (plastic, paper and biodegradable wastes), 1 compartment

intended for metals should be flattened before placing in the appropriate compartment.

The smart trash bin has sensing mechanism of determining the type of trash to be allowed

in the next device where shredding or flattening or allowing directly to their corresponding

compartment shall be done.

Problem Statement

Waste segregation and recycling are not widely implemented and practiced in our

country. Unfortunately, our trash cans are messy with mixed wastes. Even though, the

facility provides a separate trash cans for different types of wastes as a way for

segregation still many people don’t follow the rules and just throw the garbage whenever

even in wrong cans. The need to a smart garbage disposal and recycling activities is at

most needed to secure cleanliness and environmental safety. The existing smart trash

bin has only a limited number of compartments usually for segregating wet and dry wastes

only, not so effective shredding capability and flattening mechanism is not included.

Since, it is estimated that an 80% accuracy or effectivity of function has been

recorded for smart trash bin. Then, the school and other places needs this type of system

where it boost the cleanliness of the facilities.

Research Objectives

The research paper seeks to achieve its general objective to design and create a

smart trash with inside shredder intended for sustaining proper waste disposal and
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

recycling activities. To achieve this overall aim, the specific objectives which have been

identified for this paper, are:

• To design an enhanced smart trash bin within a shredder inside.

• To create a program that will interpret the flattening or segregating mechanism of the

trash bin.

• To test the overall accuracy of the system.

Research Questions

• Does the design carry out the function of a smart trash bin within a shredder

machine inside?

• Does each compartments of the trash bin accept the right form and size of the item?

Literature Review

Several studies have concluded that smart trash bins increased the rate of

recycling and segregation. This means that the solution needed for increasing the

utilizable resources is through setting up smart automated trash bins which can identify

the type of garbage dumped into the bin. This helps negate the effects of human

negligence and also reduce the chances of available recyclable materials getting

contaminated. The following relevant related studies shows the support to this

undertaking:
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

For smart trash bins, [1] Metropolitan Transfer Station (2019) introduces a smart

trash bin consist of IoT enabled sensors working as real-time indicators to determine if

the bins are full or not, and help to customize the waste collection schedule accordingly.

With the features including a communication module which allows notifications to be sent

when the bin is ready to by emptied, or if there are any issues; compactor intended to

hold rubbish; a solar panel top to provide a sustainable energy source for the bin; an

enclosed design just to prevent pests from gaining access to the waste, and to slow down

decomposition and a hopper handle. The process starts with the rubbish placed into the

container, and the sensor measures its capacity. The compactor then compresses the

rubbish and measures the compacted trash resistance. Finally, notifications are sent via

e-mail or SMS when the bin is full and ready to be emptied.

In support to the study of Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof et. al in 2016, [2] Girdhar Sarda

et.al (2019) notes that the smart trash can using IoT is done to make the society clean

whereby its system will notify to the house owner to empty it when full as well as, do

segregation of wet and dry wastes using sensors for moisture and ultrasonic gaining 90%

of accuracy in Dry Waste segregation and 88% of accuracy in Wet waste segregation.

Whereas, [3] Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof et. al (2016) presents the development of a

smart garbage monitoring system in order to measure the waste level in the garbage bin

in real-time and to alert the municipality, in particular cases, via SMS. The proposed

system is consisted by the ultrasonic sensor to measure the waste level, the GSM module

to send the SMS, and an Arduino Uno which controls the system operation. It supposes
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

to generate and send the warning messages to the municipality via SMS when the waste

bin is full or almost full, so the garbage can be collected immediately.

Also, [4] Tejashree Kadus et. al (2020) creates a smart netbin which uses multiple

technologies firstly the technology for measuring the amount of trash dumped secondly

the movement of the waste and lastly sending necessary signals and connecting the user

to the WiFi system. It is a normal dustbin elevated using a microcontroller-based platform

Arduino Uno board interfaced with Load sensor and Wi-Fi module. It consists of 2 main

modules the mechanical designed components and the electric components. The

mechanical components consist of shredder and the load sensing plate while the electric

components consist of various components that are the Arduino Loadcell, LCD Display

screen, IR Sensor, Amplifier, Relay module, Wi-Fi Router. When the user dumps the trash

into the dustbin the trash will be first crashed within the shredder and the shredded trash

will the get collected onto the load sensing plate present in the dustbin. The load sensor

us been attached to the load sensing plate this sensor will measure the weight of the trash

been dumped in the bin. once the set limit of weight is been satisfied the password of the

router will get displayed on the LCD screen, although the router is still off after the

password has been displayed the user have to pull this plate outside so that the trash

which has been collected on the plate falls down in the dustbin. This motion of the falling

trash is captured by the IR sensor and once the IR sensor sense the falling motion.

One study mentioned by [5] Bine World (2018) has crafted a Bin-e which is an Iot

device which sorts and compresses the recyclables automatically. It combines unique ai-

based object recognition, fill level control and data processing to make waste
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

management convenient and efficient. It optimizes waste management in your facility,

allowing you to save costs, time and labour. It ensures precisely sorted raw material

through automatic recognition and segregation. Thanks to the compression of plastic and

paper the frequency of emptying the bins is reduced by half. Automatic notifications when

one of the containers is full allow for more effective time management of employees. The

app shows the fill level of each fraction and the status of the device in real-time. This

smart waste management system delivers valuable insights into current waste operations

in your building. It is the ultimate tool that allows to save money, time and labour, while

creating a resource-efficient and environmentally friendly facility.

Shredding

When it comes to shredding, [6] Atadious David and Oyejide Oluwayomi Joel

(2018) has established a machine consists of the following main components; hopper

assembly, shredding chamber, drive shaft, frame, V-belts, and an electric motor. The

machine was evaluated for performance using generated plastic wastes in the

environment of Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, Nigeria. The performance

evaluation of the machine gave a result of 98.44% shredding efficiency, a shredding rate

of 0.575kg/s. The shredded plastic wastes has a size ranging between 10mm to 20mm."

To know deeply about shredding mechanism, [7] Rick Leblanc (2019) entails that

shredder is a machine or equipment used for shredding. Shredding systems are used to

reduce the size of a given material. While most online dictionaries define the shredder as

“a device used for shredding documents as a security measure to prevent identity theft.
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

Shredders can be of many types based on the material being processed. There are

shredders designed to support material reduction across a range of recycling applications,

including plastic recycling, scrap metal, e-waste recycling, wood recycling, and tire-

shredding or recycling. The shredding process produces raw material to be re-introduced

into manufacturing, as well as finished products such as landscape mulch. Various

terminology is used to describe size reduction equipment, including grinders, chippers,

granulators and hammer mills. Overall, their main function is to reduce the size of a given

material.

Furthermore, in waste management the industrial shredders for waste products

play a very crucial role. The benefits of using mega-shredders in large-scale waste

disposal systems recycling centers and municipal landfills are related to material

reduction. Asphalt, rubber, wood, plastics and similar materials can be quickly condensed

to a mere fraction of their original size. Also of note, the bio-degradable waste

decomposes faster when shredded. If properly shredded, the materials that are buried in

landfills take much less space.

In today’s economic environment, communities and businesses are always looking

for new ways of cutting costs and the use of shredders provides new strategic options.

There are two main purposes of shredding materials in the paper recycling process.

Firstly, by reducing the volume of material through reduction, transportation and storage

costs may be decreased. Secondly, automated shredders, particularly in e-waste

recycling, also liberate materials for recycling. Such equipment is offered by several

vendors. Many options are available, depending upon the specific application. Before
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

making an investment, potential buyers should understand such factors as: The

assortment of items to be recycled, Volume of throughput, Requirements of residual

buyers in terms of such parameters as particle size, A flat incline belt is often used to feed

materials into the shredder. The material can be placed on the belt through a variety of

methods, depending on the particular operation. Material handling equipment assigned

to perform this task can include grappling devices, front-end loaders, forklifts, and drop-

bottom containers.

Shredding solutions of choice typically involve low speed, high torque units that

slowly tear material apart, minimizing problems such as embedding metal in plastic during

the shredding process. Where large items are to be shredded versus a stream of only

smaller items, a larger primary breakdown unit may be required. A second pass can be

then made with a secondary shredder or granulator to further reduce particle size and

facilitate the liberation of recyclable materials. Sizing screens are utilized to ensure a

uniformly sized product. Some vendors offer a single pass machine that will do both the

primary breakdown and particle reduction. A variety of sorting machines can be used to

sort material for maximum recovery."

Integration

A good example of such integrations in one system was cited by [8] GEP Ecotech

(2020) which featured an Automatic Waste Segregation Machine which is an automatic

waste sorter can segregate waste plastic, metals, glass, organic wastes, kitchen residuals,

bricks, and stones, etc. Actually, this machine can also segregate mining wastes. Since
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

it is a system for segregation of municipal solid waste. There is also a paper for Automatic

Waste Segregation and Management Standalone Frequency Based Automated Trash

Bin and Segregator of Plastic Bottles and Tin Cans which shows how the piezoelectric

amplifier framework can be utilized for input signal procurement and noise can be

eliminated using a comparator. The average frequency response of the object triggers

the framework as it hits the platform. It has the best file shredder software for Windows

10 in 2021 Kernel File Shredder users can set up a password for the software. It enables

users to set up schedules for automatic file shredding.

Research Methodology

This study intends to use software modelling, simulations, programming or

automation alongside with experiments. This study will focus on the design and

functionality of every part and aspect of the system. The study will collect data generated

from the series of testing and experiment to compute for the accuracy of the overall

system. The quantitative data will be used to know the relationship between the existing

variables in the system like sizes, forms of wastes, the shredding size and speed, the

flattening thickness and the speed of detection.

The group will conduct multiple testing to gather data. Test after test the group

optimized the tuning of the circuits and modify the program of the microcontroller to set

the proper timing when it comes to the flow of the process.

 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

References

[1] "Smart Bins – An Innovative Waste Management Solution", 31 Dec 2019, Metropolitan

Transfer Station https://www.metropolitantransferstation.com.au/blog/smart-bin-for-

waste-management-solution/

[2] Girdhar Sarda, Akash Raval, Sohilkhan pathan, Ritesh Patidar, Rajiv Kumar Gurjwar,

April (2019), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, "SMART TRASH CAN USING

IOT", International Research Journal of Engineering and Management Studies (IRJEMS),

Volume: 03 Issue: 04 , ISSN: 1847-9790 || p-ISSN: 2395-0126

[3] Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof, Aiman Zakwan Jidin, Muhammad Izzat Rahim, (ETIC 2016),

Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia,

"Smart Garbage Monitoring System for Waste Management " , MATEC Web of

Conferences 97, 01098 (2017), DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20179701098

[4] Tejashree Kadus, Pawankumar Nirmal, Kartikee Kulkarni, "Smart Waste Management

System using IOT", Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering,

Pune Savitribai Phule University, International Journal of Engineering Research &

Technology (IJERT), IJERTV9IS040490, Vol. 9 Issue 04, April-2020, ISSN: 2278-0181

[5] "Bin-E: SMART WASTE BIN", 29 May 2018, Unia Europejska, https://www.bine.world

[6] Atadious David and Oyejide Oluwayomi Joel, "Design and Construction of a Plastic

Shredder Machine for Recycling and Management of Plastic Wastes", International

Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 5, May-2018 , ISSN 2229-
 Republic of the Philippines
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Nabua, Camarines Sur 4434
College of Engineering

5518, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Petroleum Training Institute and Federal

University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

[7] Rick Leblanc, October 25, 2019, " Understanding Recycle and Waste Management

Shredders", Sustainable Businesses, Electronics Recycling

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/an-overview-of-the-shredder-and-its-uses-2877771

[8] "Automated trash bin shredder and segregator", GEP Ecotech, Solid Waste Shredding

Intelligent Solution (2020), https://www.drjeandewan.be/blog/automated-trash-bin-

shredder-and-segregator.html