2 Marks question

Ans1--Salivary glands present in the mouth helps in the chemical digestion of food with the help of
enzymes. It contains enzymes known as salivary amylase which digest the starch present in food
into sugar. We can say that the digestion of carbohydrate or starch begins in the mouth itself.
Food is taken into the body through the mouth. The process of taking food into the body is called
ingestion. We chew the food with the teeth and break it down mechanically into small pieces. Each
tooth is rooted in a separate socket in the gums

Ans 2 --- As humans, we have two sets of teeth that erupt during our lifetime – the first set is
called as milk teeth, primary teeth or baby teeth and they start erupting when we are 6 months
old and the next set of teeth, called permanent teeth, begin erupting as we turn 6 years old. we
all have 32 permanent teeth, milk teeth are just 20 in number. Milk teeth being thinner, it is also
softer than that found in permanent teeth

Ans 3-- The main organs of the alimentary canal are:

• The Mouth and Oral cavity. --The mouth is the first part of our digestive system. Food is
ingested through the mouth. The oral cavity comprises the palate, tongue and teeth.
• Oesophagus. ---It is a muscular tube through which small bolus of food passes from the
mouth to the stomach. It controls the movement of food into the stomach.
• Stomach.-- The core function of the human stomach is as an aid to digestion.
• Small intestine.-- The main function of the small intestine is absorption of nutrients and minerals
from food
• Large intestine.-- The large intestine is wider and shorter than small intestine. It is about
1.5 metre in length. Its function is to absorb water and some salts from the undigested
food material. The remaining waste passes into the rectum and remains there as semi-solid
faeces.

Ans 4 -- The digestive glands associated with the alimentary canal includes the salivary glands,
the liver and the pancreas. Pancreas secretes maximum enzymes. Pancreatic juice contains
amylases, lipases and nucleases. Salivary glands produce saliva. Bile is secreted by the liver.
Pancreas secretes an alkaline pancreatic juice and hormones.

Ans 5-- Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile
helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can be taken into the body by the
digestive tract.

Ans 6—
• Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are digested in the mouth, stomach and the small intestine.
Carbohydrase enzymes break down the carbohydrates into sugars.
• Proteins. Proteins are digested in the stomach and the small intestine. Proteins breakdown
into amino acids during digestion.
• Lipids (fats and oils): Lipids are digested in the intestine. Lipase enzymes break down the
fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

3 marks question

Ans 1 - The five steps which occur in the process of nutrition in animals are Ingestion, digestion,
absorption, assimilation, and egestion.

• Ingestion is the process the food is taken inside through mouth and broken down by teeth
and initial digestion takes place in the mouth by saliva.
• Digestion is the process in which food is digested by using few enzymes and is used by the
cells for producing energy.

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 • Absorption is the process in which cells use the energy from the digested food and helps in
building tissues in our body.
• Assimilation is the process in which digested food moves into the cells of the body.
• Egestion is the process in which undigested food is removed out from the body through
excretion.

Ans 2 ---- The four main types of teeth are:

• Incisors - Your incisors are eight teeth in the front centre of your mouth (four on both
bottom and top). These are typically the first adult teeth that a child will get, coming in
when the child is between six and eight years old. Incisors are the teeth that you use to
bite into your food.
• Canines - Your canines are the next teeth that develop in your mouth. You have four of
them and they are your sharpest teeth, used for tearing apart food.
• Premolars - Premolars are used for tearing and crushing food. Unlike your incisors and
canines, premolars have a flat biting surface. You have eight premolars in total.
• Molars - Your molars are your largest teeth. Their function is similar to that of the
premolars, to grind, tear, and crush food. Molars have a large flat biting surface which
makes them perfect for this job.

Ans 3 -- The inner lining of the stomach secretes mucous, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices.
The mucous protects the lining of the stomach. The acid kills many bacteria that enter along with
the food and makes the medium in the stomach acidic and helps the digestive juices to act. The
digestive juices break down the proteins into simpler substances.

Ans 4—

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