J.

C BOSE UNIVERSITY OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Y.M.C.

Electronics
Workshop project
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Student’s name

1!Abhilaksh bansa
1900101500

2!Anuj Pancha
1900101500

3!Avirat Gupt
1900101500

4!Jatin mitta
1900101502

5!Mayank ary
1900101503

6!naman kukrej
1900101503
2

 0-9 BCD to
Seven Segment Display using
common Cathode counter
circuit


 table of contents

❖ Introductio
❖ Abstrac
❖ Ai
❖ Component require
❖ Theory
➢744
➢7 segment displa
➢Counte
➢D Flip-Flo
❖ Workin
❖ Circuit diagra
❖ Simulatio
❖ Resul
❖ Conclusion and summar
❖ application
❖ precaution
m

 Introduction:
In our normal practical life, we may face circumstances where we need a
digital event counter in order to count certain events. Here we will give you
some examples
people counter circuit in an auditorium, to count the number of products in
a go down, to calculate an athlete's performance and above all, all the
digital clocks are basically counter circuits which generates a one second
clock.And there are much more applications/needs of counters in our daily life.
The uses of counters are the main point which encourage us to implement the
digital counter. So we select this project

Abstract
In this report, the design and implementation processes of a digital
counter circuit are documented. The initial design criteria for the
project were: 1. To have a 2 digit output 2. To have the circuit count
from 0-99 3. To include a manual counter. Research was conducted
into similar analogue electronic circuits and a suitable starting point
of a digital die was identi ed. Using this starting point, a digital
counter circuit was designed using BCD 4506 binary counters and 7
segment display outputs. The proposed circuit was modelled using
Proteus, showing that the concepts used in the design were sound. The
circuit was then implemented and tested on breadboard.

Aim
To design a 0-9 BCD counter circuit

Component required:
➢ IC 744
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 ➢ Counte
➢ Resisto
➢ 7 segment display
➢ NAND gat
➢ clock 10kh
➢ D ip- o
➢ bread board
➢ wires

Theory
7448 IC
The 74LS48 feature active-high outputs for driving lamp buffers or
common-cathode LEDs. They have full ripple-blanking input/output
controls and a lamp test input. Display patterns for BCD input counts
above 9 are unique symbols to authenticate input conditions.
 Their circuits incorporate automatic leading and/or trailing-edge
zero-blanking control (RBI\ and RBO\). Lamp test (LT\) of these
types may be performed at any time when the BI\/RBO\ node is at a
high level. They contain an overriding blanking input (BI\), which can
be used to control the lamp intensity by pulsing or to inhibit the
outputs. Inputs and outputs are entirely compatible for use with TTL
logic outputs.
Internal Pull-Ups Eliminate Need for External Resistor
Lamp-Test Provisio
Leading/Trailing Zero Suppressio
Lamp Intensity Modulation Capability
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 Counter
a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the
number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in
relationship to a clock. The most common type is a sequential digital
logic circuit with an input line called the clock and multiple output
lines. The values on the output lines represent a number in
the binary or BCD number system. Each pulse applied to the clock
input increments or decrements the number in the counter
A counter circuit is usually constructed of a number of  ip-
ops connected in cascade. Counters are a very widely used
component in digital circuits, and are manufactured as
separate integrated circuits and also incorporated as parts of larger
integrated circuits

7 segment
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 Light emitting diodes have many advantages over traditional bulbs

and lamps, with the main ones being their small size, long life,
various colours, cheapness and are readily available, as well as being
easy to interface with various other electronic components and digital
circuits
But the main advantage of light emitting diodes is that because of
their small die size, several of them can be connected together within
one small and compact package producing what is generally called
a 7-segment Display.

The displays common pin is generally used to identify which type of

7-segment display it is. As each LED has two connecting pins, one
called the “Anode” and the other called the “Cathode”, there are
therefore two types of LED 7-segment display called: Common
Cathode (CC) and Common Anode (CA).

D Flip- op
The D ip op is the most important ip op from other clocked
types. It ensures that at the same time, both the inputs, i.e., S and R,
are never equal to 1. The Delay ip- op is designed using a gated SR
ip- op with an inverter connected between the inputs allowing for a
single input D(Data)
This single data input, which is labeled as "D" used in place of the
"Set" input and for the complementary "Reset" input, the inverter is
used. Thus, the level-sensitive D-type or D ip op is constructed
from a level-sensitive SR ip op
So, here S=D and R= ~D(complement of D
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 The "CLOCK" or "ENABLE" input is used to avoid this for isolating
the data input from the ip op's latching circuitry. When the clock
input is set to true, the D input condition is only copied to the output
Q. This forms the basis of another sequential device referred to as D

Flip Flop.

Working
Anodes are connected to +5V through transistors. Cathodes of all
BCD to 7 Segment Decoder using IC 7448 are connected in parallel
and then to the output of 7448 IC through resistors. Looking at the
Fig. 15.4, the question may occur in our mind that, Aren’t all of the
digits going to display the same number?” The answer is that they
would show the same number only if all the digits are turned on at the
same time. However, in multiplexed display the segment information
is sent for all digits on the common lines (output lines of 7448), but
only one display digit is turned on at a time. The PNP transistors
connected in series with the common anode of each digit act as an ON
and OFF switch for that digit. Here’s how the multiplexing process
works
The BCD code for digit 1 is rst output from port A, to the 7448. The
7448, BCD to seven segment  decoder  outputs the corresponding
seven segment code on the segment bus lines. The transistor
Q1 connected to digit 1 is then turned on by outputting a low to that
bit of port B. All of the rest of the bits of port B are made high to
.

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 ensure no other digits are turned on. After 2ms, digit 1 is turned OFF
outputting all highs to port B

Simulation

Result
0-9 BCD counter is simulated and working ne

Conclusion and summary

• we have seen that a BCD Counter is a device that goes through a
sequence of ten states when it is clocked and returns to 0 after the
count of 9. In our simple example above, the input clock pulses are
from a push button switch but counters can be used to count many
real-world events such as counting moving objects.
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 • However, suitable circuitry may be required to generate the

electrical pulses for each event to be counted as these events may
occur at discrete time intervals or they may be completely random.
• In many digital electronic circuits and applications, digital counters
are implemented using Toggle ip- ops or with any other type of ip-
op that can be connected to give the required switching function, or
with the use of dedicated counting IC’s such as the 74LS90. Binary
counters are counters that go through a binary sequence and an n-bit
binary counter is made of “n” number of ip- ops counting from 0 to
2n-1.
• BCD counters follow a sequence of ten states and count using BCD
numbers from 0000to 1001 and then returns to 0000 and repeats. Such
a counter must have at least four ip- ops to represent each decimal
digit, since a decimal digit is represented by a binary code with at
least four bits giving a MOD-10 count.
• We have also seen that the BCD coded output can be displayed
using four LED’s or with a digital display. But to display each number
from 0 to 9 requires a decoder circuit, which translates a binary coded
number representation into the appropriate logic levels on each of the
display segments.
• Display decoder circuits can be constructed from combinational
logic elements and there are many dedicated integrated circuits on the
market to perform this function such as the 74LS47 BCD to 7-
segment decoder/driver IC
• Most 7-segment displays are usually used in multi-digit counting
applications so by cascading together more BCD counters, 4-digit
counters giving displays with a maximum reading of 9999 can be
constructed
• The 74LS90 BCD Counter is a very exible counting circuit and
can be used as a frequency divider or made to divide any whole
number count from 2 to 9 by feeding the appropriate outputs back to
the IC’s Reset and Set inputs
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Applications

➢ Bank Token Counters at cashier section.

➢ Counting system on automated production line.
➢ Digital Clocks
➢ Digital stop watches.
➢ Timers for automated water supply .
➢ Sensor controlled counters.
➢ Counting general objects in a any system

Precautions
Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits
Disconnect the power source before servicing or repairing
electrical equipment
Use only tools and equipment with non-conducting handles
when working on electrical devices
Never handle electrical equipment when hands, feet, or body
are wet or perspiring, or when standing on a wet floor
Make sure connections on bread board is correct and working.