EJC_H2_2019_JC2_Prelim_P1_Solutions

1 Let x, y, z be the tariff in ¢/kWh in Jan-Apr, May-Aug and Sept-Dec respectively.

677 x  586 y  699 z  52953 --- (1)

1011x  871y  1048z  79063 --- (2)
1349 x  1174 y  1417 z  106328 --- (3)

Solving with GC,

x  25.81
y  29.68
z  25.88

2 Total length is l, thus we have 4s  2 r  l …(*)

Let the combined area be A.

A  s 2   r 2 …(#)

Method 1: implicit differentiation of (#)

dA dA dr
Use (#) to find : A  s2   r 2   2s  2 r
ds ds ds
dr dr
Use (*) to find : 4s  2 r  l  4  2 0
ds ds
dr 2
Thus 
ds 
dA dA  2
Sub into :  2s  2 r     2s  4r
ds ds  
dA
For stationary value of A,  0  s  2r
ds
d2 A dr  2
Check minimum:  2  4  2  4    0
 
2
ds ds
Thus A is a minimum when s  2r .

Required ratio is
length of first piece 4s 4  2r  4
  
length of second piece 2 r 2 r 

Method 2: differentiation in 1 variable

2a: expressing A in terms of r
l  2 r
From (*), s 
4
 l  2 r 
2

Sub into (#): A   r 2   

 4 
 dA  l  2 r  2 
 2 r  2   
dr  4  4 
 
 8r   l  2 r     r  8  2   l 
4 4
dA
For stationary value of A, 0:
dr
 l
 r  8  2   l   0  r 
4 8  2

Check minimum:
EITHER 2nd Derivative Test
d2 A 
  8  2   0
dr 2 4
l
So r  gives a minimum value of A.
8  2

OR 1st Derivative Test

dA    l 
  r  8  2   l    8  2   r  
dr 4 4  8  2 
 
 l   l   l 
r      
 8  2   8  2   8  2 
l
r -ve 0 +ve
8  2
dA
-ve 0 +ve
dr

length of first piece 4s l  2 r l

   1
length of second piece 2 r 2 r 2 r

When A is minimum,
length of first piece l
 1
length of second piece  l 
2  
 8  2 


8  2   1
2
4


2b: expressing A in terms of s
l  4s
From (*), r 
2
 l  4s 
2

Sub into (#): A     s

2

 2 
dA  l  4s  4 
 2     2s
dS  2  2 
2
  s  4     l 


2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

 dA
For stationary value of A, 0:
ds
2 l
 s  4     l   0  s 
 4

Check minimum:
EITHER 2nd Derivative Test
d2 A 2
 4     0
ds 2 
l
So s  gives a minimum value of A
4

OR 1st Derivative Test

dA 2 24     l 
  s  4     l   s  
dS    4 
 
 l   l   l 
S      
 4   4   4 
l
s -ve 0 +ve
4
dA
-ve 0 +ve
ds

length of first piece 4s 4s 4s

  
length of second piece 2 r  l  4s  l  4s
2  
 2 
When A is minimum,
 l 
4 
4 
 
length of first piece
length of second piece l  4l
4
4l 4
 
4 l
4



Other possible methods:

Method 3: Differentiate w.r.t. ratio
Method 4: Complete the square

3 (i)
 2 a  r 2  1
 2a   2  1 d  
2 r 1
 2a  d  a  r  1        (1)

4 a  r 4  1
 2a   4  1 d  
2 r 1
 4a  6d  a  r  1  r  1        (2)
2

From (1): Sub d  a  r  1  2a into (2)

i.e. d  ar  a
4a  6  ar  a   a  r 2  1  r  1
6ar  2a  a  r 3  r 2  r  1
r 3  r 2  5r  3  0 (shown)
 r  1  r  3  0
2

r  3 or r  1 (rej)
[If r  1, d  a  r  1  2a  0, but d  0]

Alternative solution
a  r 2  1
2a  d  -- (1)
r 1
a  r 4  1
4a  6d  -- (2)
r 1
6 x (1)-2:
6a  r 2  1 a  r 4  1
8a  
r 1 r 1
8a  r  1  a  6r  6  r 4  1
2

8r  8  6r 2  r 4  5
r 4  6 r 2  8r  3  0
Solving:
r  3 or 1 (rej)

(ii)

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

a  3  1000  a   n  1 d 
n 1

Note: d  a  3  1  2a  4a
a  3  1000  a   n  1 4a  
n 1

a  3  1000a  5  4n 
n 1

Since a  0,
 3  1000  5  4n 
n 1

Since nth term of GP is positive, i.e. a  3

n 1
0
 3
n 1
is negative  n is even

From GC (table)
n  3
n1
1000  5  4n 
10 19683 > 35000
12 177147 <  43000
Smallest n  12
4 (i)
n  n  1 n  n  1 n  2 
1  ax   1  n  ax    ax    ax   ...
n 2 3

2! 3!
(ii)
Since the three coefficients form a GP, we have
n  n  1 2 n  n  1 n  2  3
a a
2  6
na n  n  1 2
a
2
 n  1 a   n  2  a
2 3
3 n  1  2  n  2 
n  1
(iii)
ur
To prove GP, we need to show that  constant
ur 1
n  n  1 ... n  r  1  1 2  ... 1  r  1 a r
ur  ar 
r! r!
n  n  1 ...  n  r  2    2 ... 1  r  2 
1 
ur 1  a r 1  a r 1
 r  1!  r  1!
ur

 1  r  1 a
ur 1 r

Since n  1 ,
ur

 1  r  1 a  a (constant)
ur 1 r

Alternatively,

1  ax   1  ax  a 2 x 2  a3 x3  ...   a   ...
1 r 1

 a   1  a 
r 1 r 1 r 1
ur
   a (constant)
ur 1  a r  2  1r  2  a r  2

(iv)
The cofficients of the terms in x of odd powers form a GP with first term  a , and common ratio a 2 .
a a
Sum to infinity   2
1 a 2
a 1

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

5 (a)(i)
y y=f(x)

y=a

x1 x2 x3 x

y y = f(|x|)

y=a

-x3 -x2 x2 x3 x

Since the graph of y  f  x  retains the part with positive x-values, f   x2   f  x2   a . Similarly for  x3 .
Thus there will be 4 roots, i.e. x2 , x3 ,  x2 ,  x3
(b)
y

(4.71, 0.693)

x
x = π/2 = 1.57 π = 3.14 4.13 4.71 2π = 6.28
2.80
2ln 2
x  ln 1  sin x 
3
From the graph,
 2ln 2
x  ln 1  sin x 
3
  3
0 x or  x  2.80 or 4.13  x 
2 2 2

OR
0  x  1.57 or 1.57  x  2.80 or 4.13  x  4.71 (3 s.f)

6 (i)
x2  5x  3 1
y  x4
x 1 x 1
dy 1
 1   x  1  1 
2
or
 x  1
2
dx

dy  x  1 2 x  5    x  5 x  3 1
2


 x  1
2
dx

1   x  1
2
x2  2x  2 1
  1
 x  1  x  1  x  1
2 2 2

Since  x  1  0 ,
2 1 dy 1
 0, then 1  1.
 x  1  x  1
2 2
dx
dy
Since  0 for any real value of x, C has no stationary points.
dx
(ii)
x2  5x  3 1
y  x4
x 1 x 1
Asymptotes: y  x  4 , x  1
y-intercept: when x  0 , y  3

y y=x+4

(0,3)

(-4.30,0) (-0.697,0)

x = -1

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

(iii)
y
y=x+4

y = 4.5

(0,3)

1 x

x = -1

2
 x2  5x  3 
Required volume    4.5  (1)    
2 1
 dx
0
 x 1 
 17.516
 17.5 units3 (3 s.f.) (by G.C.)
7 (i)
z  33  6

arg  z  
4
(refer to Argand diagram)

(ii)
 
i 
z  6e  4 
 
i 
 z 2  6e  2 

1
1 2 
Area of triangle OPP  6 3  3 3
2
(iii)
arg  wn z 3   arg  wn   arg  z 3 
 n arg w  3arg z
    
 n     3 
 3 4

arg  wn z 3   
4
   3 
 n       2k where k 
 3  4 4
n
    2k
3
n  3  6k
n  : n  3  6k , k  
i.e. n{..., 9, 3,3,9,...}

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

8 (a)
2 y  2  sin 2 x Alternative method
Differentiate w.r.t x: y ln 2  ln(2  sin 2 x)
dy dy 2cos 2 x
2 y ln 2  2cos 2 x …(1) (ln 2) 
dx dx 2  sin 2 x
Differentiate w.r.t x: d 2 y 4sin 2 x(2  sin 2 x)   2cos 2 x 
2

d2 y
2
2  dy 
(ln 2) 2 
 2 y  ln 2     4sin 2 x …(2)  2  sin 2 x 
2
2 y ln 2 dx
 dx 
2
dx
dy 1 d2 y 1
dy 1 d2 y 1 When x  0, y  1,  , 2 
When x  0, y  1,  , 2  dx ln 2 dx ln 2
dx ln 2 dx ln 2
1 1 2
1 1 2 y 1 x x  ...
y 1 x x  ... ln 2 2ln 2
ln 2 2ln 2

(b)(i)

   
BC  AC cos   , DC  AC sin    
3 6 

 
AC cos  
BC
 3  1
DC      
AC sin     2  sin cos  cos sin  
6   6 6 

1

1 3 
2  cos  sin  
2 2 
1
 (shown)
cos  3 sin 
(b)(ii)
Since  is sufficiently small,
1
BC 1    2 
   
1  3  
2 2  
 3  
DC
1
2
2
2  2 
 1  3    3    ...
2  2 
 2
 1  3   3 2  ...
2
7 2
 1  3 
2
7
 a  3, b 
2
9 (a)(i)
Using factor formula (MF26),
2sin x cos3x  sin 4 x  sin 2 x .
Hence

 2sin x cos3x dx    sin 4 x  sin 2 x  dx

cos 4 x cos 2 x
  C
4 2
(a)(ii)
Let
du
u x 1
dx
dv cos 4 x cos 2 x
 2sin x cos x  v   
dx 4 2

 2 x sin x cos3x dx
 cos 4 x cos 2 x  cos 4 x cos 2 x
 x       dx
 4 2  4 2
x cos 4 x x cos 2 x sin 4 x sin 2 x
    C
4 2 16 4
1
  4 x cos 4 x  8 x cos 2 x  sin 4 x  4sin 2 x   C
16
(b)(i)

To find x-intercepts, y  sin  cos3  0

sin   0 or cos3  0
 3  3
 0 or 3  , (0    0  3  )
2 2 2 2
 
 ,
6 2
 
Thus intercepts are when   0, , .
6 2

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

 (b)(ii)
Area of S
 
2
 
2

   
 6 y dx  2
 
2 y dx
0
 
6
 
  6 sin  cos3  2  d  2 sin  cos3  2  d
0
6
 
  6 2 sin  cos3 d  2 2 sin  cos3 d
0
6

1
  4 cos 4  8 cos 2  sin 4  4sin 2 06
16

1
  4 cos 4  8 cos 2  sin 4  4sin 2 2
16 6

1     1     1  3  3  1
  4      8      4      0 
16   6  2   6  2  2  2   16
1     1     1   3 

1
16
 2  4  1    4      8    
16   6  2   6  2  2
3
 4   
 2 
1   2 3  1
 2     2 3    6 
16  3 3 2  16
 3
  3
2 16

10 (i)
dT
Since  0 as the object is being heated up, and TH  T  0 as hotplate temperature is higher than that of
dt
the object, it follows that k is positive.

(ii)
dT
 k  275  T 
dt
1
 275  T dT   k dt
 ln  275  T   kt  C
275  T  Ae kt where A  eC

Substituting t  0 , T  25 ,
250  Ae0 thus A  250
T  275  250e kt
Substituting t  100 , T  75 ,
75  275  250e100 k
k  0.0022314

So T  275  250e0.0022314t .
 (iii)
Curve B is a possible graph. Curve A does not fit because:

 Temperature does not exceed equilibrium as object is being heated continuously;

OR
dT
 The curve cannot have different gradients for same value of T (note that the is linear in T);
dt
OR
 Gradient cannot be negative at any point because the object is being heated continuously.
OR
 Observe that
dT
 k TH  T   m T  TS 
dt
 kT  mTS 
  k  m H T 
 km 
dT
So is always > 0.
dt
(iv)
dT
As T  125 ,  k (275  125)  m(125  25) .
dt
From graph,
dT
as T  125 , 0.
dt
So, 0  k (275  125)  m(125  25)
3k
m  0.00335 (3s.f.)
2

11 (i)
9 9  0   3   9   6 
     ,      
PQ   8    2    6  PR   2    2    0 
 3   9   6   3   9   6 
           
 0   1  1
A vector normal to 1 is  1    0    1 
 1  1  1 
     
 1  3   1
     
r.  1    2  .  1   2
 1   3  1 
     
So a Cartesian equation of 1 is  x  y  z  2
(ii)
Position vector of midpoint of PQ is
9
1
2
  
OP  OQ   5 
6
 
 2 is perpendicular to PQ , so PQ is normal to  2

2019 JC2 H2 Mathematics Preliminary Examination

  0  9  0 
So r.  6    5  . 6   6
 6   6   6 
    
So a Cartesian equation of  2 is 6 y  6 z  6  y  z  1 .
(iii)
Eqn of line passing through S and F is
 3  1
   
r  8    1 ,  
9 1
   
3  
So OF   8    for some 
9   
 
F lies on 1
 1  3     1
So OF . 1    8    . 1   2
 1  9     1 
    
   4
So coordinates of F are  7,4,5 .

(iv)
Note that T lies on the line SF,
3  
So OT   8    for some  from (iii)
9   
 
 3     9   6   
     
PT   8      2    6    and
9    9   
     
 3     3    
     
ST   8      8     
9    9   
     
Since PT  ST ,

 6      6      2      2  2
2 2 2

 6      2
2

 6      2  0
2

  6      6       0
   3
Hence coordinates of T  6,5,6  .

End of Paper