United Nations

Department of Peacekeeping Operations

Ref. 2006.30
DPKO/PD/2006/00070
DPKO/PD/2006/00070

DPKO Policy
18 December 2006

Support for the reform,

restructuring and rebuilding of
police and law enforcement
agencies
 POLICY ON SUPPORT FOR THE REFORM, RESTRUCTURING AND REBUILDING OF
POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

Contents
A. Purpose
B. Scope
C. Rationale
D. Terms and Definitions
E. Policy
F. Monitoring and Compliance
G. Entry into Force

A. Purpose

1.1 This policy defines and describes the fundamental principles and approaches for United
Nations support for the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement
agencies in the context of peacekeeping operations. It defines the parameters of such support in
this context and describes linkages to other components of the criminal justice and security
system, the peacekeeping operation, the United Nations system and development partners.

B. Scope

2.1 This policy applies to the Heads of Missions and their delegates, Heads of Police
Components and other personnel of the police components of peacekeeping operations of the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations.

2.2 Personnel of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) involved in legal and
judicial affairs, corrections, administration, military and any other activities relevant to the reform,
restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies should be made aware of
and comply with this policy.

2.3 The following specific matters pertaining to the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of
police and law enforcement agencies are or will be addressed in greater detail in separate
policies and other issuances from the Department of Peacekeeping Operations: a) mapping and
reform of the criminal justice and security system; b) institutional assessment of police and law
enforcement agencies; c) institutional development of police and law enforcement agencies; d)
census and identification of police and law enforcement officials; e) vetting of police and law
enforcement officials; f) selection and recruitment of police and law enforcement officials; and g)
training and certification of police and law enforcement officials.

C. Rationale

3.1 Law enforcement is a fundamental component of the rule of law. Most conflict and post-
conflict societies suffer from endemic dysfunction or severe inadequacies in adherence to the rule
of law. A breakdown in rule of law gives rise to high rates of crime, lawlessness and a general
decline of individual, communities and State security and safety. Fundamentally, without an
adequate level of policing and law enforcement, it is impossible to achieve sustainable peace and
security or to reinforce the rule of law.

3.2 The areas of reforming, strengthening or re-establishing policing and law enforcement in
conflict and post-conflict societies are some of the first positive signals that can be provided to

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gain momentum in peace implementation. Due to the conflict, the population generally has little or
no confidence in the capacity of the State to provide for their individual safety and security.
Effective law enforcement not only restores public law and order but also assists in re-
establishing the confidence of the population in the capacity of the State to govern.

3.3 In this context, United Nations peacekeeping operations are often mandated to support
the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies. This policy is to
serve as the foundation for such activities. It is based on the United Nations’ lessons-learned in
the development and implementation of programmes in the sector.

D. Terms and Definitions

4.1 The following terms and definitions apply to this policy:

4.1.1 Rule of law – a principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities,
public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly
promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with
international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure
adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the
law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making,
legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency(1).

4.1.2 Police and law enforcement agencies – all national (2) security agencies, such as the
police, customs and border services and agencies with military status such as the gendarmerie,
which exercise police powers, especially the powers of arrest and detention.

4.1.3 Police and law enforcement officials – all officers of the law, whether appointed or elected,
who exercise police powers, especially the powers of arrest or detention. In countries where
police powers are exercised by military authorities, whether uniformed or not, or by State
security forces, the definition of police and law enforcement officials shall be regarded as
including such services(3).

4.1.4 Police and law enforcement personnel - individuals who have been formally recognized
as being part of a police or law enforcement agencies. Members comprise both police and law
enforcement officials and other personnel, such as administrative support staff.

4.1.5 Reform – the strategic transformation process leading to greater capacity and integrity at
both individual and institutional levels in the concerned police or other law enforcement
agencies.

4.1.6 Restructuring – the internal reorganization of the concerned police or other law
enforcement agencies including its structure, management, operations, internal processes and
administrative systems for the purpose of making it more efficient and able to fulfill its mandated
functions.

4.1.7 Rebuilding – the establishment or re-establishment of a police or other law enforcement

agencies when no such agencies exist. In all cases, this also includes the provision of the

1. See: Paragraph 6, Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on The rule of law and transitional justice in
conflict and post-conflict societies, dated 23 August 2004 (S/2004/616).
2. The term national referred to in this policy encompass all levels of administrative division within a country such as local,
state, provincial, federal and national.
3. See: Commentary to article 1 to the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, infra, in United Nations Office on
Drugs and Crime, Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, dated
30 June 1999, page 102.

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 material and financial resources to the concerned agency to allow it to fulfill its mandated
functions.

E. Policy

Mandate and objective

Mandate

5.1 All activities in support of the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law
enforcement agencies must be based on the mandate of the concerned peacekeeping operation,
as set-forth by the relevant United Nations body.

Objective

5.2 Where mandated, the objective of United Nations peacekeeping operations’ support for
the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies is to assist in
building or rebuilding the capacity and integrity of such institutions with a view to reinforcing the
rule of law in order to achieve sustainable peace and security.

Legal principles

5.3 Human rights principles governing police and law enforcement activities are based on
United Nations criminal justice norms and standards( 4 ) and should be fully respected and
promoted by United Nations peacekeeping operations in all their activities in support of the reform,
restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies. Such principles include inter
alia the right to life, the right to liberty and security, the freedom of association and peaceful
assembly, the rights for persons deprived of liberty to be treated humanely, the right to be free
from torture, the prohibition of all extra-legal, arbitrary and summary executions as well as the
prohibition of gender and sexual violence.

5.4 The following specific legal principles should, among others, be fully respected and
promoted by United Nations peacekeeping operations in their relations with national authorities:

5.4.1 Police and law enforcement officials must at all times fulfill the duty imposed on them by
law, by serving the community and by protecting all persons against illegal acts, consistent with
the high degree of responsibility required by their profession (5);

2. As set-forth inter alia in the relevant provisions of the following legal instruments: Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948); International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 16 December 1966;
treaty in force since 23 March 1976); Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment (adopted by the General Assembly on 10 December 1984; treaty in force since 26 June 1987); Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Economic and Social Council resolution 663 (XXIV) of 31 July 1957);
Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (General Assembly
resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988); Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (General Assembly resolution
34/169 of 17 December 1979); Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials (Eighth
United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, welcomed by General Assembly
resolution 45/121 of 18 December 1990); Convention on the Rights of the Child (General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of
20 November 1989); United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (General
Assembly resolution 40/33 of 29 November 1985); Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (contained in the annex of
document E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2 dated 11 February 1998); Guidelines for the Effective Implementation of the Code of
Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials (Economic and Social Council resolution 1989/61 of 24 May 1989); International
Code of Conduct for Public Officials (General Assembly resolution 51/59 of 12 December 1996); Principles on the
Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
(recommended by the General Assembly resolution of 4 December 2000).
5. Article 1, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, supra.

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 5.4.2 Police and law enforcement officials must respect and protect human dignity and maintain
and uphold the human rights of all persons (6);

5.4.3 Police and law enforcement officials must not commit any act of corruption (7); and

5.4.4 Police and law enforcement officials shall neither use physical force or violence unless
other methods will not work, nor use more force than is absolutely necessary to achieve the
legitimate law enforcement objective (8).

5.5 Other legal principles pertaining to police and law enforcement officials with respect to
selection, education and training( 9 ), salary and working conditions( 10 ), discipline and
supervision(11) and complaints by members of the public(12) should be promoted and respected
by United Nations peacekeeping operations in all their support activity in this domain.

Operational principles

General

5.6 All reform, restructuring and rebuilding support activities must always be guided by the
specific mandate of the peacekeeping operation and be adapted to the circumstances prevailing
on the ground.

5.7 As a result of the conflict, police and law enforcement agencies may have ceased to exist,
be divided and/or be severely weakened and lack professionalism. Reform, restructuring and
rebuilding approaches must be adapted accordingly.

Peace agreements and related arrangements

5.8 To support more effective implementation where a United Nations role in support of the
reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies is envisaged, United
Nations personnel, including police and law enforcement specialists, should seek to advise or be
involved in processes leading up to a peace agreement.

5.9 United Nations personnel involved in peace negotiations or mediation processes should,
to the extent possible, promote the inclusion of the following principles as part of peace
agreements and related arrangements:

5.9.1 A commitment from the parties to undertake the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of the
police and law enforcement agencies of the country in a transparent manner in accordance with
national legislation and United Nations criminal justice norms and standards;

6. Article 2, Idem.
7. Article 7, Idem.
8 . Article 3, Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, supra and principle 4, Basic Principles on the Use of Force
and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, supra.
9. See section I (B) 1 of the Guidelines for the Effective Implementation of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement
Officials adopted by the Economic and Social Council by its resolution 1989/61, dated 24 May 1989 (“The selection,
education and training of law enforcement officials shall be given prime importance. Governments shall promote
education and training through a fruitful exchange of ideas at the regional and interregional levels”)
10. See section I (B) 2, Idem (“All law enforcement officials shall be adequately remunerated and shall be provided with
appropriate working conditions”).
11. See section I (B) 3, Idem (“Effective mechanism shall be established to ensure the internal discipline and external
control as well as the supervision of law enforcement officials”).
12. See section I (B) 4, Idem (“Particular shall be made…for the receipt and processing of complaints against law
enforcement officials made by members of the public, and the existence of these provisions shall be made known to the
public”).

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 5.9.2 The census and identification of all police and law enforcement officials and the vetting of
such personnel for past human rights violations with the support of the international community
and by engaging civil society;

5.9.3 The establishment in the constitution or national legal framework of civilian oversight of
police and law enforcement agencies;

5.9.4 A commitment to respect United Nations criminal justice norms and standards and protect
human dignity, maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons, and respect the
independence of the judiciary;

5.9.5 Meaningful gender and minority representation in police and law enforcement agencies;

5.9.6 The establishment of national human rights monitoring and education mechanisms for
police and law enforcement agencies;

5.9.7 A commitment to undertake an assessment and subsequent reforms without imposing

details in relation to the size and the structure of police and law enforcement agencies that may
have to be renegotiated later;

5.9.8 A mention that the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement
agencies must take place together with the reform of other criminal justice and security system
institutions, particularly the judiciary and correctional services. There should also be a linkage
with defense sector reform and demobilization, disarmament and reintegration programmes;
and

5.9.9 To help depoliticize reform efforts, there should be a recommendation for the
establishment of a specific commission for police and law enforcement reform, restructuring
and rebuilding made up of professionals and technocrats in the domain.

Implementation strategy

5.10 All activities undertaken by United Nations peacekeeping personnel relating to the reform,
restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies shall be guided by an
implementation strategy.

5.11 The Head of the Police Component shall be responsible to develop and oversee the
implementation of this strategy, in consultation with all relevant mission components and relevant
national and international partners.

5.12 The implementation strategy for the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law
enforcement agencies must support the overall mandate implementation plan of the
peacekeeping operation, including outputs and outcomes as set-forth in the result-based budget
of the mission.

5.13 In developing the implementation strategy, the following objectives and considerations
should be borne in mind to support successful implementation:

5.13.1 Such programmes must have clear objectives and complement the overall aim of
reinforcing the rule of law in order to achieve sustainable peace and security;

5.13.2 The government of the recipient nation must be totally committed to the process and
provide some funding;

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 5.13.3 There must be consultation with all stakeholders, including all relevant components of
the peacekeeping operation, the government, civil society and international donors;

5.13.4 There should be sustained, committed and professional leadership at the top of the
recipient police and law enforcement agencies. The leadership should be accountable and
demonstrate results that are verifiable and measurable;

5.13.5 The rank and file police and law enforcement officials should be fully informed of and
broadly committed to the reform, restructuring and rebuilding process;

5.13.6 Police and law enforcement systems should be adapted to the needs of the recipient
State: police and law enforcement measures and structures employed in the experts’ home
countries may not work efficiently and effectively in another country with different customs and
traditions;

5.13.7 An important element for sustainable success is to achieve a cultural change of police
and law enforcement officials’ attitudes and behavior: this cannot be changed merely through
recruitment and training;

5.13.8 Pay and terms and conditions of service have to be linked with improvement in police
and law enforcement delivery. An immediate improvement will create interest in the process
and incremental increases tied to cultural change and service delivery improvements will help
to maintain interest and commitment;

5.13.9 Such programmes must be executed in collaboration with the reform of the legal and
judicial system, the correctional services and other relevant sectors, including the military;

5.13.10 Respect for human rights and effective policing go together: the process should not be
perceived as resulting in weak policing;

5.13.11 Management tools, sound administration practices and fiscal controls should be given
a very high priority;

5.13.12 Changes must be effected, as needed, to the laws, rules, regulations and related
issuances in relation to key issues such as selection and recruitment, conduct and discipline,
promotion, welfare and retirement;

5.13.13 Internal and external bodies responsible for oversight of police and law enforcement
agencies must be independent, objective, transparent and effective;

5.13.14 Adequate efforts must be made to promote attention to gender perspectives within the
police and law enforcement agencies goals, strategies, resources allocation, planning and
implementation processes with a view to serve and protect both men and women equally; and

5.13.15 Reform, restructuring and rebuilding efforts should, to the extent possible, use available
and sustainable infrastructure and equipment: the establishment of unsustainable models must
be avoided.

5.14 The implementation strategy must be designed to overcome common challenges and
manage risks encountered in conflict and post-conflict policing environments. In developing the
implementation strategy, the following common challenges and risks should be borne in mind:
5.14.1 Absent or ineffective legal, budgetary and regulatory frameworks, including the absence
of a supervisory departmental, ministerial or other governance structures;
5.14.2 Inadequate funding for both capital and recurrent expenditure requirements;

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 5.14.3 Inadequate numbers of well-trained and appropriately equipped police and law
enforcement officials and support staff;
5.14.4 Political decisions taking precedence over merit-based selection, recruitment and
promotions;
5.14.5 Dysfunctional, destroyed or highly degraded physical infrastructure; and
5.14.6 A fearful and distrustful public based on past policing practices.

5.15 The implementation strategy shall also identify, based on a comprehensive assessment
of the police and law enforcement agencies, realistic approaches to:
5.15.1 Mobilization of financial and/or material resources to support the reform, restructuring
and rebuilding process;
5.15.2 Identification and engagement of appropriate partners and establish co-operative
relationships with a range of external entities;
5.15.3 Development of rapid cohesion within the police component of the peacekeeping
operation between international personnel from multiple jurisdictions; and
5.15.4 Establishment of effective and integrated working arrangements and relationships
between all components of the peacekeeping operation involved in the process.

Core reform, restructuring and rebuilding processes

5.16 Support from the peacekeeping operation (13) for the reform, restructuring and rebuilding
of police and law enforcement agencies should include the following core elements, implemented
in two distinct phases, as applicable to the particular environment taking into consideration
political, legal, social, economical, cultural, security and operational factors (see also the attached
framework):

Phase I: Assessment and control

5.16.1 National capacity and will – In order to ensure the sustainability of reform, restructuring
and rebuilding support initiatives, these must be thoroughly based on the national capacity and
resources, including at the budgetary, financial and personnel level, and national will,
particularly at the political level, in the host country.

5.16.2 Mapping and reform of the sector / system – It is important to undertake a mapping of
the overall criminal justice and security sector / system with other relevant actors in the mission
and externally. This includes a clear identification of the strengths and weaknesses of relevant
state and non-state actors, including police and law enforcement agencies, the judiciary, the
military, correctional services, intelligence services and traditional justice mechanisms. Police
and law enforcement reform, restructuring and rebuilding initiatives must be undertaken
alongside reform efforts in all related sectors in order to strengthen the rule of law with a view to
achieve sustainable peace and security.

5.16.3 Institutional assessment – A thorough assessment of police and law enforcement

agencies, at organizational, processes, financial, management and performance levels, must
be done. This should also include a clear identification of the short, mid and longer term
measures, with a clear implementation plan with the identification of human and financial

13. It should be noted that, whilst the police components of peacekeeping operations should generally be in the lead in
the provision and coordination of international support, in some instances some or all of such support activities may be
undertaken by other partners. This should be clarified to the extent possible in the mandate of the mission.

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 resource implications, that are necessary to increase the capacity and integrity of such
institutions in order to allow them to fulfill their mandated functions.

5.16.4 Census and identification of police and law enforcement officials – A census and
identification programme should be organized in order to clarify the number and status of police
and law enforcement officials and to stop individuals from informally joining and departing from
police and law enforcement agencies. This process should allow the State to reestablish control
over police and law enforcement agencies and limits the arbitrary and illegal use of policing
powers. It also permits the public to identify who is authorized to exercise policing powers, such
as searches, arrests and detentions and who illegally impersonates police and law enforcement
officials and should be sanctioned.

Phase II: Building capacity and integrity

5.16.5 Vetting – Once a census and identification programme for police and law enforcement
officials has been conducted and a list established, there should be a process of examination
and evaluation of these individual’s background, including in respect of criminal records, for the
purpose of continued employment with the concerned police or law enforcement agency. This
usually entails a formal process for the identification and removal of individuals responsible for
abuses (14). Similar processes should also be in place prior to the selection and recruitment of
candidates for service with the concerned police or law enforcement agency.

5.16.6 Selection – Selection is the administrative process of determination of suitably for

service that immediately precedes recruitment. Adequate procedures that fully comply with
United Nations criminal justice norms and standards must be in place for the selection of police
and law enforcement officials. Such a process should be rigorously objective and transparent.
Suitability for service should be based on a thorough evaluation of the individual skills and
qualifications required for service with the concerned police and law enforcement agency based
on its mandated functions. Standards for selection may be based inter alia on the achievement
of specific professional, academic, physical, medical and psychological standards.

5.16.7 Recruitment – Recruitment refers to the process of hiring candidates following selection.
There should be no discrimination in the recruitment of qualified candidates for service with a
police or law enforcement agencies on the grounds of race, color, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, birth or other status. The
policy regarding the recruitment of such personnel should be inclusive; taking into consideration
national policies of affirmative action, reflecting and representing the diversity of the
communities to be served and with a meaningful gender representation. Due considerations
must be given to community-based approaches in this regard.

5.16.8 Training – Training initiatives include developing and delivering programmes and
activities that contribute to short, medium and longer term capacity-building of police and law
enforcement officials, including in respect of integrity, management, technical aspects of
policing and human rights, curriculum development for systematic instruction and education
and the building of management and national training capacity.

5.16.9 Certification and de-certification – Certification for service as a police or law enforcement
official should depend upon the individual’s satisfactory completion of training activities, their
satisfactory performance of their duties and their proven adherence to democratic policing
standards, including respect for human rights. This should normally begin with a provisional
certification leading to a final certification based on performance. Procedures must also be in

14 . See: Paragraph 52, Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on The rule of law and transitional justice in
conflict and post-conflict societies, dated 23 August 2004 (S/2004/616).

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 place for the de-certification of certified personnel that no longer fulfill criteria for continued
service.

5.16.10 Advising – Advice must be provided to personnel at all levels within police and law
enforcement agencies in order to build their capacity and integrity. This should be done
primarily through the co-location of advisers with police and law enforcement officials during
their working hours.

5.16.11 Institutional development – Institutional development should be undertaken at all levels,

including by effecting changes to the policy and legal framework, administrative procedures,
personnel management and the provision of the financial and material means to allow the
concerned police and law enforcement agencies to fulfill their mandated functions.

5.17 In all reform, restructuring and rebuilding processes, the Head of the Police Component
should ensure that a specific emphasis is given to building administrative systems including inter
alia for budget, finance, personnel, procurement and asset management. These should be
developed with full national ownership and relevant stakeholders should be trained and have
received advice on their utilization.

5.18 The processes described above must be applied to the fullest extent possible in order to
build the capacity of other governance structures that are directly related to the operations of
police and law enforcement agencies, such as the Ministry of the Interior or equivalent and should
be addressed early on in discussions between all mission components and external actors
engaged in building the capacity of such governance structures.

5.19 Support from the United Nations peacekeeping operation for reform, restructuring and
rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies should be confirmed, if applicable, in a legal
instrument between the United Nations and the host country, such as a supplemental
arrangement to the status-of-mission agreement (15).

5.20 While undertaking activities in support of reform, restructuring and rebuilding

programmes, United Nations peacekeeping operations must monitor and evaluate such initiatives
through regular inspections and make adjustments to the implementation strategy and reform
processes as required by circumstances and the evaluation of lessons derived from
implementation. As major components of the reform, restructuring and rebuilding process are
completed, relevant United Nations personnel should undertake after action reviews to help
identify lessons and recommendations for future United Nations peacekeeping activity in this area.

United Nations peacekeeping operations personnel

5.21 United Nations peacekeeping operations support programmes in this domain must
employ the most highly qualified personnel who have sound technical knowledge and skills and
who have the ability to apply these skills and knowledge in a culturally appropriate manner within
conflict and post-conflict environments. In selecting these personnel, due regard must be paid to
the importance of recruiting staff on as wide a geographic basis as possible with meaningful
gender representation. Moreover, non law-enforcement specialists may be recruited, as needed
including at the highest level, for delivery of programmes particularly in relation to legal, policy
and administrative development aspects of the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and
law enforcement agencies.

15 . This document should also delineate, as appropriate, operational responsibilities between the mission and authorities
of the host country in cases when the peacekeeping operation has a policing or law enforcement mandate or provides
security support to national police or law enforcement agencies.

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Funding for assistance programmes

5.22 United Nations peacekeeping operations personnel must actively engage donors in order
to secure funding for programmes aimed at restructuring, rebuilding and reforming police and law
enforcement agencies. This should inter alia be one of the most important functions of the Head
of Mission. It should be noted that whilst the budget of peacekeeping operations funds the
deployment of personnel and related costs to support such efforts, other costs associated with
such assistance programmes are not generally funded by the peacekeeping operation’s budget.

5.23 The United Nations Police Division of DPKO will provide support in this regard by
preparing a detailed portfolio of police and law enforcement projects, or equivalent, to be updated
and distributed to donors as a basis for securing funding for assistance programmes in countries
in which United Nations peacekeeping operations with police components are deployed. The
Police Division will also actively and regularly engage donors to fund such projects.

5.24 As early as possible, the Head of the Police Component, in consultation with the Head of
Mission and other relevant senior representatives of the Mission, should coordinate assistance
requests with the United Nations Country Team and donors who are active in support of the
reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies.

Lead within peacekeeping operations

5.25 Heads of Police Components of peacekeeping operations shall lead all the missions’
efforts aimed at the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies
and other governance structures, such as the Ministry of the Interior or equivalent, in areas
pertaining to police and law enforcement.

5.26 Heads of Human Rights Components of peacekeeping operations shall lead all the
missions’ efforts aimed at the independent human rights monitoring of police and law
enforcement agencies.

F. Monitoring and Compliance

6. All missions undertaking activities in support of the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of
police and law enforcement agencies must comply with this policy. The Police Adviser to the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Head of Missions or their delegates and the Heads of
Police Components shall monitor compliance with this document.

G. Entry into Force

7. This Policy shall come into force on 18 December 2006. It can only be abrogated in
writing by the Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations.

(signed)
Jean-Marie Guéhenno
Under-Secretary-General
Department of Peacekeeping Operations

18 December 2006

ANNEX: Framework for the reform, restructuring and rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies

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 ANNEX
Framework for the Reform, Restructuring and Rebuilding of police and law enforcement agencies
National capacity and will

Capacity Integrity
Judicial
Military

Structures Personnel
e 9 9
lic n.. Building
Assessments Po w e . Prisons capacity
and control La ag and integrity
of actors in
Non- the sector 9 9
Intel.
State
services
actors
SECTOR / SYSTEM LEVEL
POLICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCIES LEVEL
Capacity Integrity Capacity Integrity

National capacity and will

Vetting, Training &
Personnel

Personnel
Census selection, Certification
& Ident. recruitment Advising 9 9
STRENGTHENED RULE OF LAW
Institutional SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND SECURITY

Structure
Structure
Institutional
assessments development 9 9
PHASE II
PHASE I
MOU / Longer term
Peace End of
Mandate Legal BUILDING CAPACITY AND Capacity-
agreement ASSESSMENT AND Mission
Inst. INTEGRITY building
CONTROL