Shopping around

U N I T 7
Main features

• Vocabulary: Money, shopping

• Grammar: Passive voice

• Word builder: Adverbs

• Vocabulary Bank

save
lend
borrow
waste
can’t afford
charged
cost
owe
invest
earn
is worth
raise
Vocabulary

SQUEEZE /skwiːz/ v. chen chúc

THROW AWAY bỏ đi
GET RID OF v. từ bỏ
POSSESSION /pəˈzeʃn/ n. tài sản
TRACK THE PROGRESS /ˈprəʊɡres/ v. theo dõi tiến trình
DO AN EXPERIMENT /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ v. thí nghiệm, thử nghiệm
REMIND s.o. OF /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. nhắc nhở ai về…
APART FROM əˈpɑːt/ prep ngoại trừ
TEMPORARILY /ˈtemprərəli/ adv tạm thời
EXCEPTION n. ngoại lệ
DROWN / draʊn/ v. nhấn chìm (do có quá nhiều)
I’m drowning in unpaid bills.
A note about adverbs
Regular adverbs

• They are formed by

adding ‘ly’ after the adjectives.
Irregular adverbs
Right or wrong?

•He behaved friendly.

> He behaved in a friendly way /

manner.
Extreme Adjectives

• Cold = gradable adjectives

• Freezing = non-gradable
adjectives / extreme adjectives
 very small very good
very big very angry
very old very bad
very important very pretty
very interesting very scared
very unusual very dirty
very funny very clean
very cold very surprised
very hot very sure
very hungry very tasty
very tired very crowded
very happy
very sad
Some rules for extreme adjectives
• With gradable adjectives, we can use these adverbs:

• a little, a bit, slightly, fairly, rather

• very, extremely, immensely, intensely

E.g. I’m rather hungry. / I’m very hungry.

• With extreme adjectives, we CANNOT use these adverbs :

But we use absolutely, completely, utterly

E.g. I’m absolutely furious.

• The words pretty and really can be used with both gradable and extreme adjectives:

E.g. This room is pretty dirty. (gradable)

Passive voice
G R A M M A R
Do they have the same meanings?

• I will borrow books from other friends.

• Books will be borrowed by me from other friends.

 Using BY and WITH

• Use BY to say about who does the action

e.g. Hundred of houses were built by the Government

last year.

A lot of stones were thrown by angry football fans.

• Use WITH to say about the thing used to perform an

action

e.g. The windows were broken with a baseball bat.

The man was killed with a knife.

VERBS WITH NO PASSIVE
FORMS
• 1. Some verbs have NO objects. We cannot
make these verbs passive.
APPEAR ARRIVE BELONG DIE
EXIST HAPPEN OCCUR SLEEP
RISE DEPEND
VERBS WITH NO PASSIVE
FORMS
• 2. Some stative verbs have objects. We still
cannot make these verbs passive.
HAVE LACK SUIT
FIT
PASSIVE VERBS WITH 2
OBJECTS
 PASSIVE VERBS WITH 2
OBJECTS

VERBS with
TO
give, lend, VERBS with
offer, pass, FOR
promise, read, bring, buy,
sell, send, cook, find,
show, tell, get, make
write
PASSIVE VERBS + Infinitive
• 1. Verbs + Bare infinitive > Passive verbs + To infinitive
E.g. They made me stay at home. > I was made to stay at home.

• 2. let + bare infinitive > passive of allow + To infinitive

E.g. They didn’t let me go out. > I wasn’t allowed to go out.

• 3. need + doing / to be done > passive meaning

E.g. The house needs painting. = The house needs to be painted.
 Passive causative
forms
• She is cutting her hair.

• You DO sth. >> You DO it yourself.

• He is having his hair cut.

• You HAVE sth DONE. >> Someone DOES it for you.

 Passive causative
forms
• He is having / getting his hair cut.

ACT IVE CAUSAT IVE can be

FORMS in any tense PAY / ASK
someone to do
He is having his mom cut his hair. sth for you
He is getting his mom to cut his hair.
 Passive causative
forms
• I had my wallet stolen yesterday.

ACT IVE CAUSAT IVE can be

FORMS
I had a bad guy steal my wallet.
in any tense EXPERIENCE
sth bad

I got a bad guy to steal my wallet.