L3, L4 8085 Instruction Set 2

Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers (EC3L007)
Instruction set of 8085 – Part 2

Arithmetic Instructions
2
• These instructions perform the operations like:
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Increment
• Decrement
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• The arithmetic operations Add and Subtract are performed in
relation to the contents of the accumulator.
• However, the Increment or the Decrement operations can be

performed in any register.
• These arithmetic instructions ( except INR and DCR)

• Assume implicitly that the accumulator is one of the
operands.
• Modify all the flags according to the data conditions of the
result.
• Place the result in the accumulator.
• Do not affect the contents of the operand register.
• The instructions INR and DCR
• Affect the contents of the specified register.
• Affect all flags except the CY flag.

Addition
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the contents

of memory location can be added to the contents of
accumulator.
• The result (sum) is stored in the accumulator.
• No two other 8-bit registers can be added directly.
• Example: The contents of register B cannot be added directly

to the contents of register C.

Subtraction
• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the contents

of memory location can be subtracted from the contents of
accumulator.
• The result is stored in the accumulator.
• Subtraction is performed in 2’s complement form.
• If the result is negative, it is stored in 2’s complement form.
• No two other 8-bit registers can be subtracted directly.

Increment / Decrement
• The 8-bit contents of a register or a memory location can be

incremented or decremented by 1.
• The 16-bit contents of a register pair can be incremented or

decremented by 1.
• Increment or decrement can be performed on any register or a

memory location.

Opcode Operand Description

ADD R Add register or memory to
M accumulator
• The contents of register or memory are added to the contents
of accumulator.
• The result is stored in accumulator.
• If the operand is memory location, its address is specified by

H-L pair.
• All flags are modified to reflect the result of the addition.
• Example: ADD B or ADD M

Example:

Example:


ADI 8-bit data Add immediate to accumulator
• The 8-bit data is added to the contents of accumulator.
• Example: ADI 35H

Example:
• The addition of 4AH and 35H does not generate a carry and
will reset the previous Carry flag .
• Therefore, in adding numbers, it is necessary to count how

many times the CY flag is set.
ADC R Add register or memory to
M accumulator with carry
• The contents of register or memory and Carry Flag (CY) are
added to the contents of accumulator.

H-L pair.
• Example: ADC B or ADC M

Example:


ACI 8-bit data Add immediate to accumulator
with carry
• The 8-bit data and the Carry Flag (CY) are added to the
contents of accumulator.
• Example: ACI 45 H

SUB R Subtract register or memory from
M accumulator
• The contents of the register or memory location are subtracted

from the contents of the accumulator.
H-L pair.
• All flags are modified to reflect the result of subtraction.
• Example: SUB B or SUB M

Example:
CASE 1

Example:
CASE 2

Example:
• The 8085 perform 2’s complement subtraction. After
subtraction, it will complement the carry alone.
• In 2’s complement subtraction, if CF=1, then the result is

positive and if CF=0, then the result is negative.
• In 8085, the carry is complemented after subtraction;

therefore, if CF=0, then the result is positive and if CF=1, then
the result is negative. If the result is negative, then it is in 2’s
complement form.


SUI 8-bit data Subtract immediate from
accumulator
• The 8-bit data is subtracted from the contents of the

accumulator.
• Example: SUI 45 H
SBB R Subtract register or memory from
M accumulator with borrow
• The contents of the register or memory location and Borrow
Flag (i.e. CY) are subtracted from the contents of the
accumulator.
H-L pair.
• Example: SBB B or SBB M

SBI 8-bit data Subtract immediate from
accumulator with borrow
• The 8-bit data and the Borrow Flag (i.e. CY) is subtracted
from the contents of the accumulator.
• Example: SBI 45 H

DAD Reg. pair Add register pair to H-L pair
( Double Addition )
• The 16-bit contents of the register pair are added to the

contents of H-L pair.
• The result is stored in H-L pair.
• If the result is larger than 16 bits, then CY is set.
• No other flags are changed.
• Example: DAD B


DAA - Accumulator contents are
changed from a binary value to
two 4-bit BCD digits.
• After an addition instruction
1. If the lower nibble (4 bits) is greater than 9, or if AC=1, add

0110 (6) to the lower 4 bits
2. If the upper nibble is greater than 9, or if CY=1, add 0110
(6) to the upper 4 bits

Example:


INR R Increment register or memory by
M 1
• The contents of register or memory location are incremented

by 1.
• The result is stored in the same place.
• If the operand is a memory location, its address is specified by

the contents of H-L pair.
• Example: INR B or INR M

Example:

Example:


DCR R Decrement register or memory
M by 1
• The contents of register or memory location are decremented

by 1.
• If the operand is a memory location, its address is specified by

the contents of H-L pair.
• Example: DCR B or DCR M

Example:

Example:


INX R Increment register pair by 1
• The contents of register pair are incremented by 1.
• Example: INX H

Example:


DCX R Decrement register pair by 1
• The contents of register pair are decremented by 1.
• Example: DCX H

Example:

Thank you, done for today !!!
References
• Ramesh Gaonkar, “Microprocessor, Architecture,
Programming, & Applications with the 8085 6/e”
• Various online resources.
• Reading:
Chapter 6 & 7, Ramesh Gaonkar

L3, L4 8085 Instruction Set 2

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L3, L4 8085 Instruction Set 2

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Microprocessors and

Instruction set of 8085 – Part 2

• These instructions perform the operations like:

[27/08/2020, IIT BBS] | [Srinivas Boppu] | [SES] | [EC3L007] 3

• However, the Increment or the Decrement operations can be

• These arithmetic instructions ( except INR and DCR)

• Affect the contents of the specified register.

• Affect all flags except the CY flag.

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• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the contents

• The result (sum) is stored in the accumulator.

• No two other 8-bit registers can be added directly.

• Example: The contents of register B cannot be added directly

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• Any 8-bit number, or the contents of register, or the contents

• The result is stored in the accumulator.

• Subtraction is performed in 2’s complement form.

• If the result is negative, it is stored in 2’s complement form.

• No two other 8-bit registers can be subtracted directly.

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• The 8-bit contents of a register or a memory location can be

• The 16-bit contents of a register pair can be incremented or

• Increment or decrement can be performed on any register or a

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Opcode Operand Description

• The result is stored in accumulator.

• If the operand is memory location, its address is specified by

• All flags are modified to reflect the result of the addition.

• Example: ADD B or ADD M

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Opcode Operand Description

• The 8-bit data is added to the contents of accumulator.

• The result is stored in accumulator.

• All flags are modified to reflect the result of the addition.

• Example: ADI 35H

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• Therefore, in adding numbers, it is necessary to count how

• The result is stored in accumulator.

• If the operand is memory location, its address is specified by

• All flags are modified to reflect the result of the addition.

• Example: ADC B or ADC M

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Opcode Operand Description

• The result is stored in accumulator.

• All flags are modified to reflect the result of the addition.

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• The contents of the register or memory location are subtracted

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• In 2’s complement subtraction, if CF=1, then the result is

• In 8085, the carry is complemented after subtraction;

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Opcode Operand Description

• The 8-bit data is subtracted from the contents of the

Opcode Operand Description

• The result is stored in accumulator.

• All flags are modified to reflect the result of subtraction.

Opcode Operand Description

• The 16-bit contents of the register pair are added to the

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Opcode Operand Description