Healthy life

ENGLISH II

Learning outcome
At the end of this topic you will:
Use modal verbs by practicing and applying them
properly in order to ask for permission, express
requests, abilities, opinions, suggestions, obligation,
and prohibition.
Understanding details

Have you ever had a problem that you aren’t

sure about the solution?

Have you ever asked for advice to solve a

problem or

Have you ever given advice to someone else?

You will read about people dealing with travelling problems and the advice given by an expert in a
magazine.
Read the text carefully to understand it and the way modal verbs are
used.
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1- Should you eat less or more before a long-haul flight?
a. Eat less.
b. Eat more
c. Eat junk food

2- Apart from greasy, fried and fast food what vegetables do you have to avoid
before flying?
a. Salad and bell peppers.
b. Vegetables that give you gas (cabbage, beans, etc.)
c. Avoid all types of vegetables. Only fruit is recommended.
3- Should alcohol and fizzy drinks be avoided too?
a. Yes, they should be avoided.
b. No, No problem drinking those before a flight.
c. It makes no difference.
4- What Kind of food must you eat when in the air?
a. Eating beans and sausages while flying is ok but not before that.
b. Salads, fruit as well as carb-rich foods which help with jet lag.
c. Whatever you feel like eating.
5- How much liquid should you drink on long flights?
a. Half a liter for every three hours.
b. A liter for every three hours.
c. Half a lter for every hour.
6- Is alcohol consumption recommended?
a. Yes, it is.
b. No, it is not.
c. Just drink alcohol half a liter for every hour.
Vocabulary

bad shape
healthy
lifestyle
Junk food
works out
good shape
 UNHEALTHY

● watching lots of TV
● smoking
● sunbathing
● eating lots of sugar

HEALTHY

● getting eight hours at sleep every

● night
● cycling
● eating a balanced diet
● drinking lots of water
Modal Verbs
 COULD
(make suggestion)

COULD is a modal verb which we can use to make a suggestion.

We suggest a person, friend or someone else to do something.

Situation:  You need to buy some books, but you don't have enough money.
Our suggestion: You could talk to your father and ask him to give you some money.

Situation A: I sent my résumé in for a job a few weeks ago, but I haven’t had any response.
You could call the company.
B: _______________________________________________________
Answers
Situation:   I can’t find a job in my field. I really need some work, any work!. will vary.
You could look for temporary work. That’s often easier to find.
_________________________________________________________
Collaborative exercise 1
Read loudly the sentences.
Could I go to
the toilet?

You should
stop smoking!
 SHOULD / OUGHT TO
(give advice)

Should and ought to are often used to give advice.

(a) My hair is very long. I should cut it. I ought to cut it.
shouldn’t
(b) Allen is hungry. He should eat lunch. He ought to eat lunch.
(c) You are tired. You should go home. You ought to go home.

wash them try harder ought not to

call your mother learn to drive
go to the library stop smoking

Complete. Your books are due.

go to the library
You should ______________.
wash them try harder
call your mother go to the library

Your clothes are dirty.

You should ___________.
wash them.
wash them try harder
call your mother learn to drive
go to the library stop smoking

Smoking is not healthy.

stop smoking.
You should _____________
Write sentences to give advice. Use the verb and the information in parentheses.

1. What should I do if someone's heart stops beating? (do CPR)

You should do CPR.

2. What should I do if someone is bleeding a lot? (apply a bandage and put

pressure on the wound)
You should apply a bandage and put pressure on the wound.

3. What should I do if someone has a sprain? (put ice and a bandage on the joint)
You should put ice and a bandage on the joint.

4. What should I do if someone is choking and can't breathe? (do abdominal

thrusts)
You should do abdominal thrusts.
Ought to or should?
Ought to and should are similar in meaning. Should is more common than ought to. Ought to is
more formal than should:

There ought to be more street lights here. (means the same as There should be more street
lights here.)

I really ought to walk my dog more. He’s so fat. (means the same as I really should walk
my dog more. He’s so fat.)

Negative
The negative is formed by adding ‘not’ after ought (ought not to). It can be contracted to oughtn’t to.
We don’t use don’t, doesn’t, didn’t with ought to:

We ought not to have ordered so much food.

Use should, shouldn’t, and ought to with I think and maybe to give advice about visiting your country.
Use the topics below.
 If you want a
healthier life, you
must change your
habits.
 MUST / MUSTN’T
(OBLIGATION or PROHIBITION)

We use MUST to talk about obligation.

We use MUSTN’T to talk about prohibition.
You must turn off your phones inside the classroom.
You mustn’t smoke inside this building.

go to the zoo practice every day

√ take this medicine go to medical school
study mathematics speak English

My doctor says I must

___________________.
take this medicine
go to the zoo practice every day

take this medicine √ go to medical school

study mathematics wash your clothes

must go to
To become a doctor you __________

medical school
_____________.
Complete the sentences with must or mustn’t.

MODAL must
must
mustn’t

VERBS and must

mustn’t

COVID - 19 must

mustn’t

must

mustn’t
 HAVE TO / DON’T HAVE TO

We use HAVE TO to talk about obligation.

Police officer have to wear a uniform.

We use DON’T HAVE TO to say that something is not necessary .

You don’t have to pick me up. I’ll take a taxi.
▪ My cousins can’t see very well so they __________________
have to wear glasses.
▪ Children _____________
don’t have to
work. First they have to go to school.
▪ You _________________
have to get up early tomorrow if you want to be there at seven.
▪ You _________________
don’t have to attend the meeting if you are sick.
 You have to/ must stop smoking.
You ought to/ should go on a diet.
You could stop watching so much TV.

You ought to/ should get more exercise.

You could get more sleep.
You have to/ must stop sunbathing.
Collaborative exercise 2
CONVERSATION

His clothes don’t fit.

Collaborative exercise 3
Practice the conversation with a partner. Switch roles.
 EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks using MUST, MUSTN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, SHOULD, SHOULDN’T.

1-
must
Rose and Ted _________________ be good players. They have won hundreds of cups !

don’t have to
2. You __________________ pay to use the library. It’s free.

should
3. You look pretty tired. I think you _________________ go to bed early tonight. .

don’t have to
4. You _________________ come to the party if you don’t feel well.

must
5. You _________________ be 18 to see that film.

should
6. Dad _______________ go and see a doctor. His cough is getting worse all the time.

mustn’t
7. “Children, you ________________ cross the street if the lights are red !”
Click on the links below for websites you may find
useful

•http://baladre.info/english/sedaviwebfront/mustshould.htm
•https://avi.cuaed.unam.mx/repositorio/moodle/pluginfile.php/12302/mod_resource/content/9/cont
enido/SELFASS/CompletarEnunciadoArrastrandoBootstrapMuestraMal-master/index.html
•https://www.eltbase.com/quiz/078_01.htm
•https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-51312.php
•https://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal6.htm

•Using modals of suggestion, advice, and obligation:

https://grammar.ctx.ef.com/modals/modals-of-suggestion-advice-and-obligation
READING
Healthy habits
Answer the following questions.