finite Sepies

Intructiom Sntinte playsSezies an 1mportant ra

Am Siemca andl technalogy. The Comcapt oi Coven9pnca

amd duveaqence omtimite Sezies s ven essential
t the studonts engineering eue to thait applicatior
Am vaniaus hodulems . Fist we dafine Sequenta whiah is

prereaiSte for tudy ot indinite Series

LeauLnCea A Seauwnce is a functiom ohse dmaun
io the set of natural mumbersN anol ba angL Subset

oreal numbers R, Thus am ordarnd bet f veal numbes

sueh as u, , u2, u . Un io C a l l e e Saauence amd i s

densted b un3. sf-t numse eftams is unliniitad ho.

Seauonce io baid to be infinte Sequenca and ik general
tenm i v e n b n Foy examble; , 2, 3,-: So aa
finite Se-qmence whreas , infrde
Seamemea wit geneal trm un= n=1,2,3-
Limit ot a Saauonca - An Vmtinte
SeauanCa ,4L3..0
i saiel to tend to imit
l, 4 ht un =L.
2,ConvenaamCo , DivenAna
0SCLALat Cm uaSeawymce
Conveagent Sequunta- A Sequumca {un? io Baid t be
Comveagent 4 lE un is inite
Diveaent Seauance !- A Seonte {un sad to be davezaeil
4 nttnite. i.e, i AE un= + .
11 oScilatory SeqanC i 3f a Sequamce un meithea
Convenes to atinte wmbe m r lavenaes to4 - or
Calld oscilLator sequonCa
Examble - Consides the sequenta , i3 2
Here u amd
dt
- 2n
o wich is tinita.
' , + vem
SeauLnca {un? s Convent.
(11 ConSidar the seuence 222, 3 --- n -4
as =+©o , Seguena n}is olivergent
 to be
3, Bemded SeauLenCe'-A sequenu is said
bounded i t borunded bot abave and belnr
two e a l numbers m and
A
Seauenta Sun à io bounded 4
M (m M ) e i s t Sue tHat mgun< M *nENN.
Converse
Eveny Conven ent Saqnonca is bomdel, But the
t alway tne
un dafnea by un 7

xample 'w Considn the Sequonce

*neN
then Slaj= 4 , ao. ' osuSI

'un3
Consider a
bowmded
Sequence desneol by um = 29 .
, then

- - - .Hene n>l+nEN
4n={, 2,2, 2, -

but hene dos net e i st an real nwmbu M Such that

Un M. Se the Seqmeca i umbounded above
A Saquente ma ha bonded, et it may net he Cmvengot
Fov exp: Cnsicler the Seqente givemby un = -U",thun the

Sene{uj=}-i,=,' *7. -ISnsl¥neN

Thenefre, Seamence bawnded but it is met Convenqent
sinc dt ' +1,ni =
even So i t does not haVe
AoY n in edd
.

uniaue umih valua

. Monotmic Sequince -
Seamemce o Callud tn+12n r all nEN , he
meN the segmemce
,
mamólonical ncyeasin amd f Un+
y Called n
A monotonic
Saqmonte monotonically decreaaima.
OY aunys
Amfimite Fr exanple tends to 3
.

Conside u
a
limit, finite
smc > > Senmce
de Lreasi hSeqmanca o mamatouc
Thenatre, Saauente un= So
Un
Cemveas to
Considen ameten Sequemce-,+2,-3 =o
Simce-1>-2>-3 th
n
E, W= Seuente A
monutonie daYeasmg
d= -n) =-
The
Seqmimce diveraes t -
S,ninite Sezies Sun io a
bequene ef real numbers
then the Am of terms e the aauence
Series.
++u+
. .

i s Caled infintte
Hio usually denoted by U n
PoSitive teem Senies Am imtimute series im wtue
w
all hw tennms ane þositive then t h series Zun is CallidA
psitve term series. Fw exp' TU, = + 2 + + -
A n finte Series t tien altn Cortain tenms, a
b t h tesms are þosihve io also callel þosthivetuem Seares.
Fo erp 6-5+4-3+2-1+1+2+3+ - s a positve tvam
Series, Since after 6thteam all other tems ane positv
ID A positive team berres eithe
Convnges rdivenas
Ateanatim S e z i e s - A Series tn o i e the toms ane
altennatels þositive and nagative is Catled alternatingSeica.
Thus th Buies E H u n = u - u + H - t - - U'ut-- --
n e un>o is a n
alternain Seies
Pantial Sums- 94 zun=
am
Amfinite Seies, wine ,tutut---
the terms
+4+
then Sn may be+ve oy-ve
+utu,t
=
Un s Calludnh - -

bantial
2un.Thus n i þartial Aum um t
its irst inmte Senies s thhe Sumd
nterms, Thenafre,
thn
:
eveny mfinute Seues Un
6.
Conresponds a
Seajence §h tt is partial sums.
Conue4enlehiveagonceDScilaticna
Am imfinite Series 2Un
f iaLianite Seaies
dependi Cenvenqes ,oivezges oscillates
dupendun whethn thu
on
Seaente fsm 4 its þastial Sum
o

Convenaas daverqes oseillates

, or
( T Senies Un fnitely infinitely) -J ov

Convaaes (oY is said to be

the Sequnce {Sn{ its pantial Cnenaent)
Thws un o Sum onvengeo
Convenqent i EE Sn finita.
 ) The Series Un divenges or io saol to beoi venaent

he partial sum diveages.Thus

seqwmta $sn1 its

2 n o diverget f d t Sn + - or

T h e SenieA S u n Bseilates firitel 4 SequancaSns

Thus
artial sums oscillates fimitely
s
2n oscilates finitely Snt s baunded anol neittuer
Lven es nor divenLA
Seltas Amftmitela Sequnce
Th Aeries u n
Thus
mfirnitelg
sum escillates
Sn i t s þartial amd
en s c l a t e s nmtnitely 4 Sn7 io un bamded
eitthen Convenges n Y divenges

enal þrepeaties o4 nfinite Senies

0 The Conveaence amd divengence o an mftnite Sentes
remains
wnafeeted by the addition remavalf
afinite mum be ef its teams
D 9 he seies im ehich altetenms a e posiftuve da
Cmvenaent , then thBeies hemains lonvengert even
when Beme all s tems ae negatve
er

1) The
Convenaence divnaente of a n mftnite series
r
vemaim wn
nite niumber
afeeted by multiyng each tem
ly a
3.Necosany Comdutim e r lavengence- Sf
Series 2Un
a
positve teem
w
Conveagent, then dE Un =6
Prto hat sn denste. the n h
Sinte ZUn u ivem to pantial sum ef tue seniesTun
be Cenveagemt, Se {Sn2 also
S n fimite and uniau =RSay) >
to lanvengsnt.
Bu m
d Sn-=k
Sn >n-1 7 n d
The Cavense
sm-Su)=6. Hencee
o1the abovetheorem io e Sult
de u = o
2nmay oy nmetauys tua. L.e.
may met be
CenwesqemtE