PHYStcs

PHCO

Waue Moiom:
Equaion ot a brorasve tcwe
when arogasive Wawe
se propagales treuyh a
medium, the þhare o ibration is tremafered
rem eme partide to another oith akite veloit.
So the þhare dferemce betureen turo porielen
seperated y a distance e ig 2Tc
' Phare ct a þoint at a distance x y ot -2
dinblacement y = aen(wt - )
Owe see, the phage varies harmonically sith inme
laQimg reeated aytee an intercvad T- 2r
Abo the phare baies hamonically ith Mpoe
keing repeated ater a dishance A.
Differeenmial Fguaien o were mohien
we haue fer a forsand wwaue
Af, ct-)

de
-fCct-)
de
and -cfCct- )

brogtere cocue on hhe forwrddizechon

we hawe the
guem bt y=asin (wt -2 )=asin 2 (ct - x)
Let the fhane he reea ted ata distnce xtde
cujtee n intewal t +dt.
tthen g=a sm ? (ct
=asin 2fc(t tdt) - (td)
we qet cdt =de
dz
Ce. the þhare io shited with a ueloeily c which
freves the þroreire mate of the owe.
Lengitudinal wcwe im qn elasie medium
when a longi hudinal wre frapagates threrugh
a mediwm, the partcles uibrates along the direchon
of þroagahon.
So the medim ndee gots peiodie chame in
vowme (lomprenien 2rnehachin) heriodic
hrain wirh aa periodie change in þrese.
we cemidez a sice of
þarallel layes ot the melim S1
ot ut cross Sechom eea þk
(s=) and lemh 8%.
when a lemsitudinal S
i incident on the element
the direchen of fropagahon.
shilt ot the layere ct A AA'= 4

. chamge in vowme ot the slice

=(BB'- AA'y xI= Sz

- Vowme shrain produed

Let P=àp be the reure om the kayee tA
in ercem ot the atmostheeie þreure, p- aceustie
þresne.
Acousic ressue n the layee at 8
dþ
The uD wnequal resses qive Te to
to a umirm Uome shes.
And a reltent eree d sx XI froduirg
acceleraion f the layee
From the lst cenideaion
Blk madulws E = 1

dy
p=- E
From the 2nd Cesideroion, trce achng
layee F =-d S = E
man Kacceleraicn

E y

But the diffeeemtial euaien oft Locue

foro þogoaion is
we
Therzetee, welo iby of the Lenyitudinal

Similanly, t r solid beur, he elashe moduls

yowng modulus Ey. So hee
ueloug
(
 Emergy ot a plame þrogresije Loaue
we haue the desplacememt ay the þaeiele
y= aSim 2c Cct - )
kinetie Enezi
Velociy o the pantle
a 2rc us (Ct-)
k.E. t the slice ot layers

Hen the kE. ofa complele cowe of dengh A

=tPaure
. Averoge wE /uswme is iren h
t Pa yrz
E

=tPa
=t pawt
Potenial EneraA
we calulate he werk done im produing
shain ot the medium. we hae Bue mouws
E= S=
ds ="d(dy)
 workdeme o þroduee a tuthere shen
ds s d w - pddu= -
þods
Theretee, totalL workdeme in þodueng a hais
W =bESds =Esu

New y= a Sin 2 CCt - )

dy
de
Cos

PE. o a cwowe of legh

pat4r
cpa 2

Aeeaye PE/bome

252

Tobal emerry/voleme Enanyy demis

U=+w =tpaw+t pa?
=tpaw
Emerg uveenf and nemsity :
The e l eneryy þee wnit oume of a
energ deniy Let raa wowe trowela
distance'c'ber mit ime. Theneere the ler
mediwm is t paco. Tuis ig called eneg curent.

Ener Cuaemt may be regaded as a mease

ot he nteniy t caue.
mtemsi in terems of þresue
mten5 = Pa since c=2P
wheee P he

Ontemg and acosie fressre

d aSin wlt-2) and cemdams ahn S=
Llo cos w l t - ,Manimum Cendemsain
Sm
t SP be the acoshe emue cnd E be Hee
1 9 m elasiy, the cendensahionsigi¯en
SP
by S= Pe
So Smn = m
Hene ntensi =4Pcaw Pe (Gme)
) 2

T
nem Uies dizechly as nee squne
acwhe nese.
ot