Chapter 13

Complex Numbers and Functions

Lecture No. 4
 Derivative of Complex Function

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 1
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
Derivative of Complex Function
The derivative of a complex function f at a point z0 Written f (z 0 )
and is defined by f (z 0  z )  f (z 0 )
f (z 0 )  lim
z  0 z
Provided that this limit exist. Then f is said to be differentiable at z0 .
If we write
z  z  z 0
 z  z 0  z
Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat
University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 2
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
Then f ( z )  f (z 0 )
f (z 0 )  lim
z  z0 z  z0

Remember that, by definition of limit, f (z) is defined in a neighborhood

of z 0 and z in above equation may approach z 0 from any direction in
the complex plain.

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 3
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
_
Example 4 z not differentiable
_
Let f (z)  z
Now
f ( z  z )  f (z)
lim
z  0 z
________ __ _ __ _ __
z  z  z z  z  z z x  iy
 lim  lim  lim  lim
z  0 z z  0 z z  0 z z  0 x  i y

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 4
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
If y  0

x  iy x
Then lim  lim  lim 1  1
z  0 x  i y z  0 x z  0
If x  0
Then y
lim  lim  1  1
z  0 y z  0
f ( z  z )  f (z)
Hence, by definition of limit lim
z  0 z
does not exist at any z .
Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat
University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 5
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
Problem Set 13.3
20-24 Differentiate
20. z 2
9
z 1
2

21. ( z 3  i)2

3 z  4i
22. 1.5iz  2

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 6
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
i
23.
(1  z ) 2

z2
24. ( z  i)2

z2  9
Solution (20) let f (z)  2
z 1

( z  z ) 2  9 z2  9
 2
f ( z  z )  f (z) ( z  z )  1
2
z 1

f (z)  lim  lim
z  0 z z  0 z
Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat
University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 7
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
Or
[( z  z ) 2  9]( z 2  1)  ( z 2  9)[( z  z ) 2  1]
f (z)  lim
z  0 [( z  z ) 2  1]( z 2  1) z
10z 2  20 z z 10z  20 z
 lim  lim
z  0 [( z  z ) 2  1]( z 2  1) z z  0 [( z  z ) 2  1]( z 2  1)

20 z 20 z
 2 
( z  1)( z 2  1) ( z 2  1) 2

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 8
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
Differentiation Rules
d d
1) cf (z)  c f (z)
dz dz

d d d
2) f (z)  g(z)  f (z)  g (z)
dz dz dz

d d d
3) f (z) g(z)  f (z) g (z)  g (z) f (z)
dz dz dz
d d
g (z) f (z)  f (z) g (z)
4) d f (z)
 dz dz
dz g(z) [g(z)]2
Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat
University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 9
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362
Derivative of Complex Function
5) d n
z  n z n 1
dz

Problem Set 13.3

20-24 Differentiate
z2  9
Solution (20) Let f (z)  2
z 1
d d
( z 2
 1) ( z 2
 9)  ( z 2
 9) ( z 2  1)
d d z 9
2
dz dz
f (z)  
dz dz z 2  1 ( z 2  1) 2

Atta Ur Rehman Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat

University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 10
Complex Variables and Transforms BSI-362