PVSYST V6.

43 23/09/20 Page 1/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters

Project : Grid-Connected Project at Binh Duong

Geographical Site Binh Duong Country Viet Nam
Situation Latitude 11.1°N Longitude 106.6°E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+7 Altitude 21 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Dai Hoc Viet Duc MeteoNorm file - Synthetic

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 23/09/20 09h27

Simulation parameters
2 orientations Tilts/Azimuths 10°/0° and 10°/180°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
Horizon Free Horizon
Near Shadings No Shadings

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model LR4-72HPH-445M
Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Longi
Number of PV modules In series 14 modules In parallel 160 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 2240 Unit Nom. Power 445 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 997 kWp At operating cond. 910 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 520 V I mpp 1750 A
Total area Module area 4984 m²

Inverter Model SUN2000-100KTL-M1

Custom parameters definition Manufacturer Huawei Technologies
Characteristics Operating Voltage 200-1000 V Unit Nom. Power 100 kWac
Max. power (=>45°C) 110 kWac
Inverter pack Nb. of inverters 8 units Total Power 800 kWac

PV Array loss factors

Array Soiling Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 %
Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 26.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 4.4 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.3 % at STC
LID - Light Induced Degradation Loss Fraction 1.5 %
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.8 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 0.4 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05

System loss factors

AC wire loss inverter to transfo Inverter voltage 400 Vac tri
Wires: 3x1000.0 mm² 30 m Loss Fraction 0.3 % at STC
External transformer Iron loss (24H connexion) 490 W Loss Fraction 0.1 % at STC
Resistive/Inductive losses 1.0 mOhm Loss Fraction 0.6 % at STC
Unavailability of the system 1.0 days, 3 periods Time fraction 0.3 %
PVSYST V6.43 23/09/20 Page 2/5

Grid-Connected System: Simulation parameters (continued)

User's needs : Unlimited load (grid)

PVSYST V6.43 23/09/20 Page 3/5

Grid-Connected System: Main results

Project : Grid-Connected Project at Binh Duong
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 10°/0° and 10°/180°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 2240 Pnom total 997 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-100KTL-M1 Pnom 100 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 800 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Main simulation results

System Production Produced Energy 1524 MWh/year Specific prod. 1528 kWh/kWp/year
Performance Ratio PR 82.6 %

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 997 kWp Performance Ratio PR
6 1.0
PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.826
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 0.76 kWh/kWp/day
Ls : System Loss (inverter, ...) 0.12 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Produced useful energy (inverter output) 4.19 kWh/kWp/day
5
0.8
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

4
Performance Ratio PR

0.6

0.4

0.2
1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor T Amb GlobInc GlobEff EArray E_Grid EffArrR EffSysR

kWh/m² °C kWh/m² kWh/m² MWh MWh % %
January 157.5 26.27 156.6 149.4 133.1 129.7 17.05 16.61
February 148.6 27.11 147.7 141.2 125.2 121.9 17.01 16.56
March 168.9 28.40 167.8 160.5 141.4 137.7 16.91 16.47
April 155.1 29.03 153.9 147.3 129.5 123.6 16.88 16.12
May 171.4 28.46 170.3 162.7 143.7 138.7 16.93 16.35
June 166.9 27.51 165.8 158.7 140.6 136.9 17.01 16.56
July 166.9 27.39 165.7 158.5 140.8 137.2 17.04 16.60
August 163.1 27.28 161.8 154.9 137.4 133.8 17.03 16.58
September 135.0 26.71 133.9 127.8 113.9 110.9 17.06 16.62
October 146.0 26.81 144.9 138.1 123.3 119.3 17.08 16.53
November 141.8 26.32 140.9 134.1 120.1 117.0 17.11 16.67
December 141.8 26.23 140.9 134.2 119.8 116.7 17.06 16.62

Year 1862.9 27.29 1850.2 1767.3 1568.7 1523.5 17.01 16.52

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation EArray Effective energy at the output of the array
T Amb Ambient Temperature E_Grid Energy injected into grid
GlobInc Global incident in coll. plane EffArrR Effic. Eout array / rough area
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings EffSysR Effic. Eout system / rough area
PVSYST V6.43 23/09/20 Page 4/5

Grid-Connected System: Loss diagram

Project : Grid-Connected Project at Binh Duong
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 10°/0° and 10°/180°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 2240 Pnom total 997 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-100KTL-M1 Pnom 100 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 800 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Loss diagram over the whole year

1863 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

-0.7% Global incident in coll. plane

-3.5% IAM factor on global
-1.0% Soiling loss factor

1767 kWh/m² * 4984 m² coll. Effective irradiance on collectors

efficiency at STC = 20.02% PV conversion

1764 MWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-1.5% PV loss due to irradiance level

-7.8% PV loss due to temperature

+0.7% Module quality loss

-1.5% LID - Light induced degradation

-0.4% Module array mismatch loss
-0.9% Ohmic wiring loss
0.0% Mixed orientation mismatch loss
1569 MWh Array virtual energy at MPP

-1.8% Inverter Loss during operation (efficiency)

0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. power
0.0% Inverter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Inverter Loss over nominal inv. voltage
0.0% Inverter Loss due to voltage threshold
0.0% Night consumption
1540 MWh Available Energy at Inverter Output

-0.3% System unavailability

-0.2% AC ohmic loss
-0.6% External transfo loss

1524 MWh Energy injected into grid

PVSYST V6.43 23/09/20 Page 5/5

Grid-Connected System: P50 - P90 evaluation

Project : Grid-Connected Project at Binh Duong
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Grid-Connected
PV Field Orientation 2 orientations Tilt/Azimuth = 10°/0° and 10°/180°
PV modules Model LR4-72HPH-445M Pnom 445 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 2240 Pnom total 997 kWp
Inverter Model SUN2000-100KTL-M1 Pnom 100 kW ac
Inverter pack Nb. of units 8.0 Pnom total 800 kW ac
User's needs Unlimited load (grid)

Evaluation of the Production probability forecast

The probability distribution of the system production forecast for different years is mainly dependent
on the meteo data used for the simulation, and depends on the following choices:
Meteo data source MeteoNorm file
Meteo data Kind Monthly averages Synthetic Multi-year average
Specified Deviation Climate change 1.0 %
Year-to-year variability Variance 2.5 %

The probability distribution variance is also depending on some system parameters uncertainties
Specified Deviation PV module modelling/parameters 2.0 %
Inverter efficiency uncertainty 0.5 %
Soiling and mismatch uncertainties 1.0 %
Degradation uncertainty 1.0 %
Global variability (meteo + system) Variance 3.5 % (quadratic sum)

Annual production probability Variability 54 MWh

P50 1539 MWh
P90 1469 MWh
P95 1449 MWh

Probability distribution
0.50
0.45
P50 = 1539 MWh
0.40
E_Grid simul = 1524 MWh
0.35
0.30
Probability

0.25
0.20
P90 = 1469 MWh
0.15
0.10 P95 = 1449 MWh
0.05
0.00
1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700
E_Grid system production MWh