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1
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 N>hT>mbm
àW_ CÝVrg g§ñH$aU … 1 bmI, 11 hOma 500 àH$meH$s`
(1965 go AÚVZ ) (n[ad{Y©V ZdrZ g§ñH$aU)
Vrgdm± g§ñH$aU … 3 hOma AÜ`mË_ ào_r H${dda npÊS>V lr Xm¡bVam_Or H¥$V N>hT>mbm J«ÝW AmO {XJå~a
(27 _B©, 2007) O¡Z g_mO _| BVZm A{YH$ àM{bV hmo J`m h¡ {H$ nmR>embmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go BgHo$
N>ÝX ~ÀMo-~ÀMo H$s O~mZ na M‹T>o hþE h¢Ÿ&
`Ú{n Xm¡bVam_Or H¥$V Bg N>hT>mbm Ho$ nyd© npÊS>V lr ~wYOZOr Ed§ npÊS>V
`moJ … 1 bmI, 14 hOma, 500
lr ÚmZVam`Or Zo N>hT>mbm H$s aMZm H$s Wr, naÝVw CZH$m g_mO _| AnZm H$moB©
{d{eï> ñWmZ Zht ~Z nm`mŸ& XmoZm| N>hT>mbm _| T>mbm| Ho$ {df` gå~ÝYr H«$_ _| ^r
npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or H$m OrdZ n[aM` _m¡{bH$ AÝVa h¡Ÿ&
"N>hT>mbm' O¡gr A_a H¥${V Ho$ aMZmH$ma npÊS>V Bg_| g§gmar Ord Ho$ ^«_U H$s H$Wm h¡ VWm {H$gàH$ma `h Ord g§gmaê$nr g_wÐ
Xm¡bVam_Or H$m OÝ_ {d.g§. 1855-56 Ho$ _Ü` H$mo nma H$aHo$ _mojnX àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ - BgH$m _mJ© gwJ_Vm go ~Vm`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
_yë` … ~mah én`o gmgZr, {Obm-hmWag _| hþAm WmŸ& CZHo$ {nVm H$m N>hT>mbm go VmËn`© Bg J«ÝW _| d{U©V T>mbm| go h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma `wÕjoÌ _| eÌw nj
Zm_ Q>mSo >a_bOr Wm, Omo J§JQ>rdmb JmoÌr` nëbrdmb Ho$ dmam| go ~Mmd Ho$ {bE T>mbm| H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, CgràH$ma Bg g§gma-MH«$
Om{V Ho$ WoŸ& AmnZo ~OmOr H$m ì`dgm` MwZm Am¡a _| Bg Ord H$mo Mm¡amgr bmI `mo{Z`m| _| ^Q>H$mZodmbo {_Ï`mXe©Z-{_Ï`mkmZ-
AbrJ‹T> ~g J`oŸ& {_Ï`mMm[aÌ go ~Mmd Ho$ {bE N>hT>mbm J«ÝW h¡Ÿ&
AmnH$m {ddmh AbrJ‹T> {Zdmgr {MÝVm_{U gd©àW_ `h Ord {_Ï`mËd Ho$ der^yV hmoH$a {H$Z-{H$Z J{V`m| d {H$Z-{H$Z
~OmO H$s gwnwÌr Ho$ gmW hþAmŸ& AmnHo$ Xmo nwÌ hþE, `mo{Z`m| _| ^Q>H$Vm h¡ - BgH$m gw{deX d g§{já dU©Z nhbr T>mb _| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
{OZ_| ~‹S>o Q>rH$mam_Or WoŸ& {OZHo$ der^yV hmoH$a `h Ord g§gma MH«$ _| OÝ_-_aU Ho$ AZÝV Xw…I CR>m ahm
Xm¡bVam_Or H$s Xmo à_wI aMZmE± h¢ - EH$ Vmo h¡, CZ {_Ï`mXe©Z-{_Ï`mkmZ-{_Ï`mMm[aÌ (AJ¥hrV d J¥hrV) H$m ñdê$n Š`m h¡ -
Q>mBng¡qQ>J … "N>hT>mbm' Am¡a Xygar "Xm¡bV-{dbmg'Ÿ& N>hT>mbm
{Ì_y{V© H$åß`yQ>g© BgH$m dU©Z Xygar T>mb _| gyÌmË_H$ e¡br _| {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
Zo Vmo AmnH$mo A_aËd àXmZ {H$`m hr; gmW hr AmnZo Vrgar T>mb _| _moj_mJ© H$m gm_mÝ` ñdê$n Xe©Z d gå`½Xe©Z H$m {deof bjU,
E-4 ~mnyZJa, O`nwa 150 Ho$ bJ^J AmÜ`mpË_H$ nXm| H$s aMZm H$s, Omo \$b Ed§ _{h_m H$m dU©Z ~hþV hr gwÝXa ar{V go {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
Xm¡bV-{dbmg _| g§J«{hV h¢Ÿ& g^r nX ^mdnyU© h¢
Mm¡Wr T>mb _| gå`½kmZ H$m ñdê$n \$b Ed§ _{h_m Ho$ gmW-gmW gå`ŠMm[aÌ
Am¡a "XoIZ _| N>moQ>o bJ|, Kmd H$a| J§^ra' H$s C{º$
H$mo M[aVmW© H$a aho h¢Ÿ& Ho$ A§VJ©V n§M_ JwUñWmZdVu Xoed«Vr lmdH$ Ho$ ~mah d«Vm| H$m {MÌU ^r àm_m{UH$Vm
"N>hT>mbm' J«ÝW H$m {Z_m©U {d. g§. 1891 _| Ho$ gmW {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
hþAmŸ& `h H¥${V AË`ÝV bmoH${à` h¡ VWm OZ-OZ Xoed«Vr lmdH$ O~ ñd`§ {deof nwéfmW© H$aHo$ _w{Zd«V A§JrH$ma H$aVm h¡, V~
Ho$ H§$R> H$m hma ~Zr hþB© h¡Ÿ& Bg J«ÝW _| gånyU© O¡ZY_© dh H¡$gr ^mdZm ^mVm h¡ - BgH$m gdmªJrU {MÌU ~mah ^mdZmAm| Ho$ ê$n _| nm±Mdt
H$m __© {N>nm hþAm h¡Ÿ& T>mb _| AË`wÎm_ ar{V go {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
_wÐH$ … {d. g§. 1923 _| _mJ© erf© H¥$îUm A_mdñ`m g_mO _| A^r ^r BZ A{ZË`, AeaU Am{X ^mdZmAm| H$m {MÝVdZ amo-amoH$a
{àÝQ> "Amo' b¡ÊS> H$mo npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or H$m Xohbr _| ñdJ©dmg hmo {H$`m OmVm h¡, naÝVw `hm± Vmo nm±Mdt T>mb Ho$ ewê$ _| npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or H$hVo h¢ -
~mB©g JmoXm_, O`nwa J`mŸ& BZ {MÝVZ g_-gwI OmJ¡, {O{_ ÁdbZ ndZ Ho$ bmJ¡Ÿ&
2
(ii) (iii)
 N>hT>mbm
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~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m {MÝVdZ Z Vmo amo-amoH$a Am¡a Z hr h±g-h±gH$a; ~pëH$ drVamJ
^md go H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo g_Vmê$nr gwI CËnÞ hmoŸ& {df` n¥ð> g§»`m
N>R>dt T>mb _| _w{Z go boH$a ^JdmZ ~ZZo VH$ H$s gmar {d{Y g{dñVma ~VmB© JB© nhbr T>mb 1 go 22
h¡Ÿ& `hm± npÊS>VOr Zo N>R>d| JwUñWmZdVu _w{Z Ho$ AÆ>mB©g _ybJwUm| H$m dU©Z H$aZo Ho$ _§JbmMaU 1
níMmV² ñdê$nmMaU Mm[aÌ H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡, {Og_| AmË_mZw^d H$m {MÌU ~‹S>r hr J«ÝW-aMZm H$m CÔoí`, Ord H$s Mmh 2
_JZVm Ho$ gmW {H$`m J`m h¡; Eogm bJVm h¡ - _mZmo npÊS>VOr ñd`§ _w{ZamO Ho$ öX` Jwé-{ejm Am¡a g§gma H$m H$maU 3
_| ~¡R>o hm| Am¡a CZHo$ AÝVa§J ^mdm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a aho hm|Ÿ& J«ÝW H$s àm_m{UH$Vm 4
Bg N>hT>mbm J«ÝW H$s aMZm na npÊS>V Q>moS>a_bOr H¥$V _moj_mJ© àH$meH$ H$m {ZJmoX Ho$ Xw…Im| H$m dU©Z 4
à^md ñnï>V… n[ab{jV hmoVm h¡Ÿ& XmoZm| J«ÝWm| H$s {df`dñVw Ho$ H«$_ _| ~hþV A{YH$ {V`ªMJ{V _| Ìgn`m©` H$s Xwb©^Vm Am¡a CgH$m Xw…I 5
g_mZVm h¡Ÿ& g§gma-Xem Ho$ {MÌU H$m {Zê$nU, VËníMmV² _moj_mJ© H$m ñdê$n - BZ ZaH$J{V Ho$ Xw…I, ^y{_, d¥j, ZXr, gXu-J_u, 8-10
VrZm| {df`m| gå~ÝYr H«$_ XmoZm| J«ÝWm| _| g_mZVm go nm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {_Ï`mËd Ho$ J¥hrV ^yI-ß`mg H$m dU©Z 11
Am¡a AJ¥hrV - `o Xmo ^oX ^r BZ J«ÝWm| _| hr ñnï>V`m XoIZo H$mo {_bVo h¢, AÝ`Ì ZhtŸ& _Zwî`J{V Ho$ Xw…I 12
Bg gå~ÝY _| EH$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ _moj_mJ© àH$meH$ Ho$ AmÚ VrZ AÜ`m`m| H$m XodJ{V Ho$ Xw…I 13
gma-g§jon N>hT>mbm H$s nhbr T>mb _| d ~mX Ho$ nm±M AÜ`m`m| H$m gma-g§jon Xygar nhbr T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§J«h, AÝVa-àXe©Z Ed§ àíZmdbr 15-21
T>mb _| Am J`m h¡Ÿ& BgràH$ma Zm¡d| AÜ`m` H$s ewéAmV "AmË_m H$m {hV _moj hr h¡' Xygar T>mb 23 go 40
g§gma-n[a^«_U H$m H$maU 23
- go hþB© h¡, CgrVah Vrgar T>mb H$s ewéAmV "AmV_ H$mo {hV h¡ gwI gmo gwI
AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z Am¡a OrdVÎd H$m bjU 24
AmHw$bVm {~Z H${h`o' - Bg n§pŠV go hþB© h¡Ÿ&
OrdVÎd Ho$ {df` _| {_Ï`mËd ({dnarV lÕm) 25
N>hT>mbm Am¡a _moj_mJ© àH$meH$ H$s Bg g_mZVm na Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZo na EH$
{_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$m eara VWm nadñVwAm| g§~§Yr {dMma 25
AZwg§YmZmË_H$ nhby gm_Zo AmVm h¡ {H$ `{X H$moB© {dÛmZ Mmho Vmo N>hT>mbm H$s AOrd Am¡a AmòdVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm 26
Vrgar, Mm¡Wr, nm±Mdt Ed§ N>R>dt T>mb H$m Aml` boH$a CgH$m {dñVma H$aVo hþE Bg ~ÝY Am¡a g§daVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm 27
AnyU© _moj_mJ© àH$meH$ J«ÝW H$mo nyU© H$aZo H$s {Oå_oXmar H$m H$m`© nyU© H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& {ZO©am Am¡a _moj H$s {dnarV lÕm VWm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ 28
Amn g^r Bg A{ÛVr` H¥${V Ho$ _mÜ`_ go AÜ`mË_ H$m __© g_PH$a AnZm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$m bjU 30
AmË_H$ë`mU H$a|, Bgr ^mdZm Ho$ gmW - J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z Am¡a Hw$Jwé Ho$ bjU 30
Hw$Xod - {_Ï`mXod H$m ñdê$n 31
~«. `enmb O¡Z Hw$Y_©, J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z, J¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ 32-33
àH$meZ _§Ìr J¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ, CgHo$ Ë`mJ VWm AmË_{hV _| bJZo H$m CnXoe 34-35
Xygar T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§J«h, bjU-g§J«h Ed§ àíZmdbr 36-39
3
(iv) (v)
 N>hT>mbm
Vrgar T>mb 41 go 73 nwÊ`-nmn _| hf©-{dfmX H$m {ZfoY, VmËn`© H$s ~mV 83-84
AmË_{hV, gƒm gwI VWm Xmo àH$ma go _moj_mJ© H$m H$WZ 41-42 gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$m g_` Am¡a ^oX, Aqhgm VWm gË`mUwd«V 85-86
{ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ H$m ñdê$n 43 AMm¡`© ~«÷M`©-n[aJ«hn[a_mU AUwd«V VWm {X½d«V 87
ì`dhmagå`ŠËd H$m ñdê$n 44 Xoed«V (XoemdH$m{eH$) Zm_H$ JwUd«V 88
Ord Ho$ ^oX, ~{hamË_m Am¡a CÎm_ AÝVamË_m 46 AZW©XÊS>d«V Ho$ ^oX Am¡a CZH$m bjU 89
_Ü`_ Am¡a OKÝ` AÝVamË_m VWm gH$b na_mË_m 47 gm_m{`H$, àm¡fY, ^moJmon^moJn[a_mU Am¡a A{V{Wg§{d^mJ d«V 91
{ZH$b na_mË_m H$m bjU VWm na_mË_m Ho$ Ü`mZ H$m CnXoe 49 {Za{VMma lmdH$d«V nmbZo H$m \$b 92
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§J«h, bjU-g§J«h, AÝVa-àXe©Z Ed§ àíZmdbr 93-100
AOrd - nwX²Jb, Y_© Am¡a AY_© Ho$ bjU VWm ^oX 49-50
nm±Mdt T>mb 102 go 120
AmH$me, H$mb Am¡a Amòd Ho$ bjU VWm ^oX 51 ^mdZmAm| Ho$ {MÝVdZ H$m H$maU, CgHo$ A{YH$mar Am¡a CgH$m \$b 102
AmòdË`mJ H$m CnXoe, ~ÝY, g§da, {ZO©am H$m bjU 52 ^mdZmAm| H$m \$b Am¡a _mojgwI H$s àm{á H$m g_` 102-103
_moj H$m bjU, ì`dhmagå`ŠËd H$m bjU VWm H$maU 55 A{ZË`, AeaU, g§gma, EH$Ëd^mdZm, AÝ`Ëd, Aew{M^mdZm,
gå`ŠËd Ho$ nƒrg Xmof VWm AmR> JwU 56 Amòd, g§da, {ZO©am, bmoH$^mdZm, ~mo{YXwb©^ Ed§ Y_©^mdZm 103 go 114
gå`ŠËd Ho$ AmR> JwU Am¡a e§H$m{X AmR> Xmof 57 AmË_mZw^dnyd©H$ ^mdqbJr _w{Z H$m ñdê$n 115
_X Zm_H$ AmR> Xmof 59-60 nm±Mdt T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§Jh« , bjU-g§Jh« , AÝVa-àXe©Z Ed§ àíZmdbr 115-120
N>h AZm`VZ Am¡a VrZ _y‹T>Vm Xmof 61 N>R>dt T>mb 121 go 152
Ad«Vr gå`½Ñ{ï> H$s BÝÐm{X Ûmam nyOm Am¡a J¥hñWnZo _| Aàr{V 62 Aqhgm, gË`, AMm¡`©, ~«÷M`© _hmd«V Ho$ bjU 121
gå`ŠËd H$s _{h_m, gå`½Ñ{ï> Ho$ AZwËn{Îm ñWmZ VWm n[aJ«hË`mJ _hmd«V, B©`m©g{_{V, ^mfmg{_{V 123
gdm}Îm_ gwI Am¡a gd©Y_© H$m _yb 63 EfUm, AmXmZ-{ZjonU Am¡a à{Vð>mnZ g{_{V 125
gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm kmZ Am¡a Mm[aÌ H$m {_Ï`mnZm 64-65 VrZ Jw{á Am¡a nm±M BpÝÐ`m| na {dO` 126-127
Vrgar T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§J«h, bjU-g§J«h, AÝVa-àXe©Z _w{Z`m| Ho$ N>h Amdí`H$ Am¡a eof gmV _ybJwU 128
_w{Z`m| Ho$ eof JwU VWm amJ-Ûof H$m A^md 129-130
Ed§ àíZmdbr 66-72
_w{Z`m| Ho$ Vn, Y_©, {dhma VWm ñdê$nmMaU Mm[aÌ 131
Mm¡Wr T>mb 74-101
ewÕmon`moJ H$m dU©Z 134
gå`½kmZ H$m bjU Am¡a CgH$m g_` 74
ñdê$nmMaU Mm[aÌ H$m bjU Am¡a {Z{d©H$ën Ü`mZ 137
gå`½Xe©Z Am¡a gå`½kmZ _| AÝVa 74-75
ñdê$nmMaU Mm[aÌ Am¡a AahÝVXem 138
gå`½kmZ Ho$ ^oX, namoj Am¡a XoeàË`j Ho$ bjU 76 {gÕXem ({gÕ ñdê$n) H$m dU©Z 140
gH$bàË`j kmZ H$m bjU Am¡a kmZ H$s _{h_m 77 _mojXem H$m dU©Z 141
kmZr Am¡a AkmZr Ho$ H$_©Zme _| AÝVa 79 aËZÌ` H$m \$b Am¡a AmË_{hV _| àd¥{Îm H$m CnXoe 142
kmZ Ho$ Xmof Am¡a _Zwî`n`m©` Am{X H$s Xwb©^Vm 80 ApÝV_ grI 143
gå`½kmZ H$s _{h_m Am¡a H$maU 81 J«ÝW-aMZm H$m H$mb Am¡a Cg_| AmYma 145
gå`½kmZ H$s _{h_m Am¡a {df`oÀN>m amoH$Zo H$m Cnm` 82-83 N>R>dt T>mb H$m gmam§e … ^oX-g§Jh« , bjU-g§Jh« , AÝVa-àXe©Z Ed§ àíZmdbr 145-152
4
(vi) (vii)
 N>hT>mbm

àñVwV g§ñH$aU H$s H$s_V H$_ H$aZodmbo XmVmam| H$s gyMr

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AÜ`mË_ào_r H${dda npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or H¥$V
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6. lr gZVHw$_maOr O¡Z, ^monmb
7. lr gwaoÝÐHw$_maOr O¡Z, ES>dmoHo$Q>, O`nwa
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9. lr_Vr Hw§$Xm~mB© gm., BÝXm¡a 500.00 123
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10. lr_Vr Hw$gw_ O¡Z Y.n. {d_bHw$_maOr O¡Z, "Zrê$ Ho${_H$ëg', {Xëbr 501.00
11. lr empÝVZmWOr gmoZmO, AH$byO 251.00 nhbr T>mb
12. ñd. ~m~ybmb VmoVmam_Or O¡Z, ^wgmdb 251.00 - _§JbmMaU -
13. lr_Vr nVmgrXodr BÝÐMÝXOr nmQ>Zr, bmS>Zy§ 251.00
14. lr_Vr apí_Xodr draoeOr H$mgbrdmb, gyaV 251.00 (gmoaR>m)
15. Hw$. Hw$gw_ O¡Z, ~mhþ~br, Hw$å^moO 251.00 VrZ ^wdZ _| gma, drVamJ {dkmZVmŸ&
16. lr Y_}ÝÐHw$_ma ZdrZHw$_ma O¡Z, {Xëbr 250.00 {edñdê$n {edH$ma, Z_hþ± {Ì`moJ gåhm[aH¢$Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
17. lr_Vr lrH$mÝVm~mB© Y.n. nyZ_MÝXOr N>m~‹S>m, BÝXm¡a 201.00
18. lr_Vr Zrby Y.n. amOoÝÐHw$_ma _Zmohabmb H$mbm, BÝXm¡a 201.00 AÝd`mW© …- (drVamJ) amJ-Ûof a{hV, ({dkmZVm) Ho$dbkmZ (VrZ
19. lr_Vr nVmgrXodr _ZmohabmbOr goR>r, Jm¡hmQ>r 151.00 ^wdZ _|) VrZ bmoH$ _| (gma) CÎm_ dñVw ({edñdê$n) AmZÝXñdê$n [Am¡a]
20. ñd. YmnyXodr Y.n. ñd. VmamMÝXOr J§Jdmb, O`nwa H$s nwÊ` ñ_¥{V _| 151.00 ({edH$ma) _moj àmá H$amZodmbm h¡, Cgo _¢ ({Ì`moJ) VrZ `moJ go (gåhm[aH¢$)
21. lr_Vr H§$MZ~mB© XwbrMÝXOr O¡Z, I¡amJ‹T> 101.00
gmdYmZr nydH© $ (Z_hþ)± Z_ñH$ma H$aVm hÿŸ± &
Hw$b am{e 7,571.00
^mdmW© …- amJ-Ûofa{hV ""Ho$dbkmZ'' D$Üd©, _Ü` Am¡a AYmo - BZ
VrZ bmoH$m| _| CÎm_, AmZÝXñdê$n VWm _mojXm`H$ h¡, Bg{b`o _¢ (Xm¡bVam_)
AnZo {Ì`moJ AWm©V² _Z-dMZ-H$m` Ûmam gmdYmZr nyd©H$ Cg drVamJ
(18 Xmof a{hV) ñdê$n Ho$dbkmZ H$mo Z_ñH$ma H$aVm hÿŸ± &&1Ÿ&&
ZmoQ>…- Bg J«ÝW _| gd©Ì ( ) `h {M• _yb J«ÝW Ho$ nX H$m h¡ Am¡a [ ] Bg {M• H$m à`moJ
g§{Y {_bmZo Ho$ {bE {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
5
(viii)
2 N>hT>mbm
N>hT>mbm
J«ÝW aMZm H$m CÔoí` Am¡a Ordm| H$s BÀN>m
Oo {Ì^wdZ _| Ord AZÝV, gwI Mmh¢ XwIV¢ ^`dÝVŸ&
VmV¢ XwIhmar gwIH$ma, H$h¢ grI Jwé H$éUm YmaŸ&&2Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- ({Ì^wdZ _|) VrZm| bmoH$m| _| (Oo) Omo (AZÝV) AZÝV
(Ord) àmUr [h¢ do] (gwI) gwI H$s (Mmh¢) BÀN>m H$aVo h¢ Am¡a (XwIV¢)
Xw…I go (^`dÝV) S>aVo h¢ (VmV¢) Bg{b`o (Jwé) AmMm`© (H$éUm) X`m
6
nhbr T>mb 3
(Yma) H$aHo$ (Xw…Ihmar) Xw…I H$m Zme H$aZodmbr Am¡a (gwIH$ma) gwI
H$mo XoZodmbr (grI) {ejm (H$h¢) H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- VrZ bmoH$ _| Omo AZÝV Ord (àmUr) h¢, do Xw…I go S>aVo h¢
Am¡a gwI H$mo MmhVo h¢; Bg{b`o AmMm`© Xw…I H$m Zme H$aZodmbr VWm gwI
H$mo XoZdo mbr {ejm XoVo h¢Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
Jwé {ejm gwZZo H$m AmXoe VWm g§gma-n[a^«_U H$m H$maU
Vm{h gwZmo ^{d _Z {Wa AmZ, Omo Mmhmo AnZmo H$ë`mZŸ&
_moh _hm_X {n`mo AZm{X, ^yb AmnH$mo ^a_V dm{XŸ&&3Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (^{d) ho ^ì`Ordmo! (Omo) `{X (AnZmo) AnZm
(H$ë`mZ) {hV (Mmhmo) MmhVo hmo [Vmo] (Vm{h) Jwé H$s dh {ejm (_Z)
_Z H$mo ({Wa) pñWa (AmZ) H$aHo$ (gwZmo) gwZmo [{H$ Bg g§gma _| àË`oH$
àmUr] (AZm{X) AZm{XH$mb go (_moh _hm_X) _mohê$nr _hm_{Xam ({n`mo)
nrH$a, (AmnH$mo) AnZo AmË_m H$mo (^yb) ^ybH$a (dm{X) ì`W© (^a_V)
^Q>H$ ahm h¡Ÿ&
4 N>hT>mbm
^mdmW© …- ho ^Ð àm{U`mo! `{X AnZm {hV MmhVo hmo Vmo AnZo _Z H$mo
pñWa H$aHo$ `h {ejm gwZmoŸ& {OgàH$ma H$moB© eam~r _Zwî` VoO eam~ nrH$a,
Zeo _| MH$Mya hmoH$a, BYa-CYa S>J_JmH$a {JaVm h¡, CgràH$ma `h Ord
AZm{XH$mb go _moh _| \±$gH$a, AnZr AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo ^ybH$a Mmam|
J{V`m| _| OÝ_-_aU YmaU H$aHo$ ^Q>H$ ahm h¡Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
Bg J«ÝW H$s àm_m{UH$Vm Am¡a {ZJmoX H$m Xw…I
Vmg ^«_Z H$s h¡ ~hþ H$Wm, n¡ H$Nw> H$hÿ± H$hr _w{Z `WmŸ&
H$mb AZÝV {ZJmoX _±Pma, drË`mo EHo$ÝÐr VZ YmaŸ&&4Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Vmg) Cg g§gma _| (^«_Z H$s) ^Q>H$Zo H$s (H$Wm)
H$Wm (~hþ) ~‹S>r (h¡) h¡ (n¡) VWm{n (`Wm) O¡gr (_w{Z) nydm©Mm`m] Zo
(H$hr) H$hr h¡ [VXZwgma _¢ ^r] (H$Nw>) Wmo‹S>r-gr (H$hÿ±) H$hVm hÿ± [{H$
Bg Ord H$m] ({ZJmoX _±Pma) {ZJmoX _| (EHo$ÝÐr) EHo$pÝÐ` Ord Ho$ (VZ)
eara (Yma) YmaU H$aHo$ (AZ§V) AZ§V (H$mb) H$mb (drË`mo) ì`VrV
hþAm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- g§gma _| OÝ_-_aU YmaU H$aZo H$s H$Wm ~hþV ~‹S>r h¡Ÿ&
VWm{n {OgàH$ma nydm©Mm`m] Zo AnZo AÝ` J«ÝWm| _| H$hr h¡, VXZwgma _¢
(Xm¡bVam_) ^r Bg J«ÝW _| Wmo‹S>r-gr H$hVm hÿ±Ÿ& Bg Ord Zo ZaH$ go ^r
{ZH¥$ï> {ZJmoX _| EHo$pÝÐ` Ord Ho$ eara YmaU {H$`o AWm©V² gmYmaU
dZñn{VH$m` _| CËnÝZ hmoH$a dhm± AZ§VH$mb ì`VrV {H$`m h¡Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
{ZJmoX H$m Xw…I Am¡a dhm± go {ZH$bH$a àmá H$s hþB© n`m©`|
EH$ ídmg _| AR>Xg ~ma, OÝå`mo _açmo ^açmo XwI^maŸ&
{ZH${g ^y{_ Ob nmdH$ ^`mo, ndZ àË`oH$ dZñn{V W`moŸ&&5Ÿ&&
7
nhbr T>mb 5
AÝd`mW© …- [{ZJmoX _| `h Ord] (EH$ ídmg _|) EH$ gm±g _| (AR>Xg
~ma) AR>mah ~ma (OÝå`mo) OZ_m Am¡a (_açmo) _am [VWm] (XwI^ma)
Xw…Im| Ho$ g_yh (^açmo) ghZ {H$`o [Am¡a dhm± go] ({ZH${g) {ZH$bH$a
(^y{_) n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$ Ord (Ob) ObH$m{`H$ Ord, (nmdH$) Ap½ZH$m{`H$
Ord (^`mo) hþAm VWm (ndZ) dm`wH$m{`H$ Ord [Am¡a] (àË`oH$ dZñn{V)
àË`oH$ dZñn{VH$m{`H$ Ord (W`mo) hþAmŸ&
^mdmW© …- {ZJmoX [gmYmaU dZñn{V] _| Bg Ord Zo EH$ ídmg_mÌ
({OVZo) g_` _| AR>mah ~ma OÝ_1 Am¡a _aU2 H$aHo$ ^`§H$a Xw…I ghZ
{H$`o h¢ Am¡a dhm± go {ZH$bH$a n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$, ObH$m{`H$, Ap½ZH$m{`H$,
dm`wH$m{`H$ VWm àË`oH$ dZñn{VH$m{`H$ Ord3 Ho$ ê$n _| CËnÞ hþAmŸ&&5Ÿ&&
{V`ªMJ{V _| Ìg n`m©` H$s Xwb©^Vm Am¡a CgH$m Xw…I
Xwb©^ b{h Á`m| {MÝVm_{U, Ë`m| n`m©` bhr ÌgVUrŸ&
bQ> {nnrb A{b Am{X eara, Ya Ya _açmo ghr ~hþ nraŸ&&6Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Á`m|) {OgàH$ma ({MÝVm_{U) {MÝVm_{U aËZ (Xwb©^)
H${R>ZmB© go (b{h) àmá hmoVm h¡ (Ë`m|) CgràH$ma (ÌgVUr) Ìg H$s
(n`m©`) n`m©` [^r ~‹S>r H${R>ZmB© go] (bhr) àmá hþB©Ÿ& [dhm± ^r] (bQ>)
1. Z`m eara YmaU H$aZmŸ&
2. dV©_mZ eara H$m Ë`mJŸ&
3. {ZJmoX go {ZH$bH$a Eogr n`m©`| YmaU H$aZo H$m H$moB© {ZpíMV H«$_ Zht h¡; {ZJmoX go
EH$X_ _Zwî` n`m©` ^r àmá hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& O¡go {H$ - ^aV Ho$ 32 hOma nwÌm| Zo {ZJmoX
go grYr _Zwî` n`m©` àmá H$s Am¡a _moj J`oŸ&
6 N>hT>mbm nhbr T>mb 7

Bëbr ({nnrb) MtQ>r (A{b) ^±dam (Am{X) BË`m{X Ho$ (eara) eara
(Ya Ya) ~maå~ma YmaU H$aHo$ (_a>çmo) _aU H$mo àmá hþAm [Am¡a] (~hþ
nra) AË`ÝV nr‹S>m (ghr) ghZ H$sŸ&
^mdmW© …- {OgàH$ma {MÝVm_{U aËZ ~‹S>r H${R>ZmB© go àmá hmoVm h¡,
CgràH$ma Bg Ord Zo Ìg H$s n`m©` ~‹S>r H${R>ZVm go àmá H$sŸ& Cg Ìg
n`m©` _| ^r bQ> (Bëbr) Am{X Xmo BpÝÐ` Ord, MtQ>r Am{X VrZ BpÝÐ`
Ord Am¡a ^±dam Am{X Mma BpÝÐ` Ord Ho$ eara YmaU H$aHo$ _am Am¡a
AZoH$ Xw…I ghZ {H$`oŸ&&6Ÿ&&
{V`ªMJ{V _| Ag§kr VWm g§kr Ho$ Xw…I
H$~hÿ± n§MopÝÐ` new ^`mo, _Z {~Z {ZnQ> AkmZr W`moŸ&
qghm{XH$ g¡Zr ˆ¡ H«y$a, {Z~b new h{V Im`o ^yaŸ&&7Ÿ&& AÝd`mW© …- [`h Ord {V`ªM J{V _|] (H$~hÿ±) H$^r (Amn) ñd`§
(~bhrZ) {Z~©b (^`mo) hþAm [Vmo] (A{VXrZ) Ag_W© hmoZo go (g~b{Z
H$[a>) AnZo go ~bdmZ àm{U`m| Ûmam (Im`mo) Im`m J`m [Am¡a] (N>oXZ)
N>oXm OmZm, (^oXZ) ^oXm OmZm, (^yI) ^yI ({n`mg) ß`mg, (^ma-dhZ)
~moP T>moZm, ({h_) R>ÊS> (AmVn) J_u [Am{X Ho$] (Ìmg) Xw…I ghZ {H$`oŸ&
^mdmW© …- O~ `h Ord {V`ªMJ{V _| {H$gr g_` {Z~©b new hþAm Vmo
AÝd`mW© …- [`h Ord] (H$~hÿ±) H$^r (n§Mo{ÝÐ`) n§Mo{ÝÐ` (new) ñd`§ Ag_W© hmoZo Ho$ H$maU AnZo go ~bdmZ àm{U`m| Ûmam Im`m J`m VWm
{V`ªM (^`mo) hþAm [Vmo] (_Z {~Z) _Z Ho$ {~Zm ({ZnQ>) AË`ÝV (AkmZr) Cg {V`ªMJ{V _| N>Xo m OmZm, ^oXm OmZm, ^yI, ß`mg, ~moP T>mZo m, R>ÊS>, J_u
_yI© (W`mo) hþAm [Am¡a] (g¡Zr) g§kr [^r] (ˆ¡) hþAm [Vmo] (qghm{XH$) Am{X Ho$ Xw…I ^r ghZ {H$`oŸ&&8Ÿ&&
qgh Am{X (H«y$a) H«y$a Ord (ˆ¡) hmoH$a ({Z~b) AnZo go {Z~©b, (^ya) {V`ªM Ho$ Xw…I H$s A{YH$Vm Am¡a ZaH$J{V H$s àm{á H$m H$maU
AZoH$ (new) {V`ªM (h{V) _ma-_maH$a (Im`o) Im`oŸ& ~Y ~§YZ Am{XH$ XwI KZo, H$mo{Q> Or^ V¢ OmV Z ^ZoŸ&
^mdmW© …- `h Ord H$^r n§MopÝÐ` Ag§kr new ^r hþAm Vmo _Za{hV A{V g§Šboe ^mdV¢ _açmo, Kmoa íd^«gmJa _| naçmoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
hmoZo go AË`ÝV AkmZr ahm; Am¡a H$^r g§kr hþAm Vmo qgh Am{X H«y$a-{ZX©`
hmoH$a, AZoH$ {Z~©b Ordm| H$mo _ma-_maH$a Im`m VWm Kmoa AkmZr hþAmŸ&& 7Ÿ&&
{V`ªMJ{V _| {Z~©bVm VWm Xw…I
H$~hÿ± Amn ^`mo ~bhrZ, g~b{Z H$[a Im`mo A{VXrZŸ&
N>Xo Z ^oXZ ^yI {n`mg, ^ma-dhZ, {h_, AmVn ÌmgŸ&&8&&
8
8 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- [Bg {V`ªMJ{V _| Ord Zo AÝ` ^r] (dY) _mam OmZm,
(~§YZ) ~±YZm (Am{XH$) Am{X (KZo) AZoH$ (XwI) Xw…I ghZ {H$`o;
[do] (H$mo{Q>) H$amo‹S>m| (Or^V¢>) Or^m| go (^Zo Z OmV) Zht H$ho Om gH$VoŸ&
[Bg H$maU] (A{V g§Šboe) AË`ÝV ~wao (^mdV¢) n[aUm_m| go (_açmo)
_aH$a (Kmoa) ^`mZH$ (íd^«gmJa _|) ZaH$ê$nr g_wÐ _| (naçmo) Om {JamŸ&
^mdmW© …- Bg Ord Zo {V`ªMJ{V _| _mam OmZm, ~±YZm Am{X AZoH$
Xw…I ghZ {H$`o; Omo H$amo‹S>m| Or^m| go ^r Zht H$ho Om gH$Vo Am¡a A§V _|
BVZo ~wao n[aUm_m| (AmV©Ü`mZ) go _am {H$ {Ogo ~‹S>r H${R>ZVm go nma {H$`m
Om gHo$ - Eogo g_wÐ-g_mZ Kmoa ZaH$ _| Om nhþ±MmŸ&&9Ÿ&&
ZaH$m| H$s ^y{_ Am¡a Z{X`m| H$m dU©Z
Vhm± ^y{_ nagV XwI Bgmo, {~ÀNy> ghg S>go Zqh {VgmoŸ&
Vhm± amY-lmo{UVdm{hZr, H¥${_-Hw$b-H${bV, Xoh-Xm{hZrŸ&&10Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Vhm±) Cg ZaH$ _| (^y{_) YaVr (nagV) ñne© H$aZo
go (Bgmo) Eogm (XwI) Xw…I hmoVm h¡ [{H$] (ghg) hOmam| ({~ÀNy>) {~ÀNy>
(S>go) S>§H$ _ma|, VWm{n (Zqh {Vgmo) CgHo$ g_mZ Xw…I Zht hmoVm [VWm]
(Vhm±) dhm± [ZaH$ _|] (amY-lmo{UVdm{hZr) aº$ Am¡a _dmX ~hmZodmbr
ZXr [d¡VaUr Zm_H$ ZXr] h¡, Omo (H¥${_Hw$bH${bV) N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o jwÐ H$s‹S>m|
go ^ar h¡ VWm (XohXm{hZr) eara _| Xmh CËnÞ H$aZodmbr h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- CZ ZaH$m| H$s ^y{_ H$m ñne©_mÌ H$aZo go Zma{H$`m| H$mo BVZr
doXZm hmoVr h¡ {H$ hOmam| {~ÀNy> EH$gmW S>§H$ _ma|, V~ ^r CVZr doXZm Z hmoŸ&
9
nhbr T>mb 9
VWm Cg ZaH$ _| aº$, _dmX Am¡a N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o H$s‹S>m| go ^ar hþB©, eara _| Xmh
CËnÞ H$aZodmbr EH$ d¡VaUr ZXr h¡, {Og_| em§{Vbm^ H$s BÀN>m go ZmaH$s
Ord Hy$XVo h¢, {H$ÝVw dhm± Vmo CZH$s nr‹S>m A{YH$ ^`§H$a hmo OmVr h¡Ÿ&
(Ordm| H$mo Xw…I hmoZo H$m _yb H$maU Vmo CZH$s eara Ho$ gmW __Vm VWm
EH$Ëd~w{Õ hr h¡; YaVr H$m ñne© Am{X Vmo _mÌ {Z{_Îm H$maU h¡Ÿ&)&&10Ÿ&&
ZaH$m| Ho$ go_b d¥j VWm gXu-J_u Ho$ Xw…I
go_a Vé XbOwV A{gnÌ, A{g Á`m| Xoh {dXma¢ VÌŸ&
_oé g_mZ bmoh J{b Om`, Eogr erV CîUVm Wm`Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (VÌ) CZ ZaH$m| _|, (A{gnÌ Á`m|) Vbdma H$s Yma
H$s ^m±{V VrúU (XbOwV) nÎmm|dmbo (go_a Vé) go_b Ho$ d¥j [h¢, Omo]
(Xoh) eara H$mo (A{g Á`m|) Vbdma H$s ^m±{V ({dXma¢) Mra XoVo h¢ [Am¡a]
(VÌ) dhm± [Cg ZaH$ _|] (Eogr) Eogr (erV) R>ÊS> [Am¡a] (CîUVm)Ja_r
(Wm`) hmoVr h¡ [{H$] (_oé g_mZ) _oé nd©V Ho$ ~am~a (bmoh) bmoho H$m
Jmobm ^r (J{b) Jb (Om`) gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- CZ ZaH$m| _| AZoH$ go_b Ho$ d¥j h¢, {OZHo$ nÎmo Vbdma
H$s Yma Ho$ g_mZ VrúU hmoVo h¢Ÿ& O~ Xw…Ir ZmaH$s N>m`m {_bZo H$s Amem
boH$a Cg d¥j Ho$ ZrMo OmVm h¡, V~ Cg d¥j Ho$ nÎmo {JaH$a CgHo$ eara H$mo
Mra XoVo h¢Ÿ& CZ ZaH$m| _| BVZr J_u hmoVr h¡ {H$ EH$ bmI `moOZ D±$Mo gw_oé
10 N>hT>mbm
nd©V Ho$ ~am~a bmoho H$m {nÊS> ^r {nKb1 OmVm h¡ VWm BVZr R>ÊS> n‹S>Vr h¡
{H$ gw_oé Ho$ g_mZ bmoho H$m Jmobm ^r Jb2 OmVm h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma bmoH$ _|
H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ R>ÊS> Ho$ _mao hmW AH$‹S> J`o, {h_ {JaZo go d¥j `m AZmO
Ob J`m Am{XŸ& `m{Z A{Ve` àM§S> R>ÊS> Ho$ H$maU bmoho _| {MH$ZmhQ>
H$_ hmo OmZo go CgH$m ñH§$Y {~Ia OmVm h¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
ZaH$m| _| AÝ` ZmaH$s, AgwaHw$_ma VWm ß`mg H$m Xw…I
{Vb-{Vb H$a¢ Xoh Ho$ IÊS>, Agwa {^‹S>md¢ Xwï> àMÊS>Ÿ&
{gÝYwZra V¢ ß`mg Z Om`, Vmo nU EH$ Z ~y±X bhm`Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [CZ ZaH$m| _| ZmaH$s Ord EH$-Xygao Ho$] (Xoh Ho$) eara
Ho$ ({Vb-{Vb) {Vëbr Ho$ XmZo ~am~a (IÊS>) Qw>H$‹S>o (H$a|) H$a S>mbVo h¢
[Am¡a] (àMÊS>) AË`ÝV (Xwï>) H«y$a (Agwa) AgwaHw$_ma Om{V Ho$ Xod
1. _oég_ bmoh{nÊS>§ grX§ CÊho {dbpå_ npŠIV§Ÿ&
U bh{X VbßnXoe§ {dbr`Xo _`UIÊS>§ dmŸ&&
2. _oég_ bmoh{nÊS>§ CÊh§ grXo {dbpå_ npŠIV§Ÿ&
U bh{X Vb§ nXoe§ {dbr`Xo bdUIÊS>§ dmŸ&&
1. AW© …- {OgàH$ma J_u _| _mo_ {nKb OmVm h¡ (~hZo bJVm h¡) CgràH$ma gw_oé nd©V
Ho$ ~am~a bmoho H$m Jmobm J_© {~b _| \|$H$m Om`o Vmo dh ~rM _| hr {nKbZo bJVm h¡Ÿ&
2. VWm {OgàH$ma R>ÊS> Am¡a ~agmV _| Z_H$ Jb OmVm h¡ (nmZr ~Z OmVm h¡), CgràH$ma
gw_oé Ho$ ~am~a bmoho H$m Jmobm R>ÊS>o {~b _| \|$H$m Om`o Vmo ~rM _| hr JbZo bJVm h¡Ÿ&
nhbo, Xygao, Vrgao Am¡a Mm¡Wo ZaH$ H$s ^y{_ J_© h¡; nm±Md| ZaH$ _| D$na H$s ^y{_ J_© VWm
ZrMo Vrgam ^mJ R>ÊS>m h¡Ÿ& N>R>d| VWm gmVd| ZaH$ H$s ^y{_ R>ÊS>r h¢Ÿ&
10
nhbr T>mb 11
[EH$-Xygao Ho$ gmW] ({^‹S>md¢) b‹S>mVo h¢; [VWm BVZr] (ß`mg) ß`mg
[bJVr h¡ {H$] ({gÝYwZra V¢) g_wÐ^a nmZr nrZo go ^r (Z Om`) em§V Z hmo,
(Vmo nU) VWm{n (EH$ ~y±X) EH$ ~y±X ^r (Z bhm`) Zht {_bVrŸ&
^mdmW© …- CZ ZaH$m| _| ZmaH$s EH$-Xygao H$mo Xw…I XoVo ahVo h¢ AWm©V²
Hw$Îmm| H$s ^m±{V h_oem Amng _| b‹S>Vo ahVo h¢Ÿ& do EH$-Xygao Ho$ eara Ho$
Qw>H$‹S>o-Qw>H$‹S>o H$a S>mbVo h¢, VWm{n CZHo$ eara ~maå~ma nmao1 H$s ^m±{V
{~Ia H$a {\$a Ow‹S> OmVo h¢Ÿ& g§pŠbï> n[aUm_dmbo Aå~arf Am{X Om{V Ho$
AgwaHw$_ma Xod nhbo, Xygao VWm Vrgao ZaH$ VH$ OmH$a dhm± H$s Vrd«
`mVZmAm| _| n‹S>o hþE Zma{H$`m| H$mo AnZo Ad{YkmZ Ho$ Ûmam nañna d¡a
~VbmH$a AWdm H«y$aVm Am¡a Hw$Vyhb go Amng _| b‹S>mVo h¢ Am¡a ñd`§
AmZpÝXV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& CZ ZmaH$s Ordm| H$mo BVZr _hmZ ß`mg bJVr h¡ {H$ {_b
Om`o Vmo nyao _hmgmJa H$m Ob ^r nr Om`|, VWm{n V¥fm em§V Z hmo; {H$ÝVw
nrZo Ho$ {bE Ob H$s EH$ ~y±X ^r Zht {_bVrŸ&&12Ÿ&&
ZaH$m| H$s ^yI, Am`w Am¡a _Zwî`J{V àm{á H$m dU©Z
VrZbmoH H$mo ZmO Ow Im`, {_Q>¡ Z ^yI H$Um Z bhm`Ÿ&
`o XwI ~hþ gmJa bm¢ gh¡, H$a_ OmoJV¢ ZaJ{V bh¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [CZ ZaH$m| _| BVZr ^yI bJVr h¡ {H$] (VrZ bmoH$ H$mo)
VrZm| bmoH$ H$m (ZmO) AZmO (Ow Im`>) Im Om`o VWm{n (^yI) jwYm (Z
{_Q>¡) em§V Z hmo [naÝVw ImZo Ho$ {bE] (H$Um) EH$ XmZm ^r (Z bhm`)
1. nmam EH$ YmVw Ho$ ag g_mZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& YaVr na \|$H$Zo go dh A_wH$ A§e _| N>ma-N>ma
hmoH$a {~Ia OmVm h¡ Am¡a nwZ… EH${ÌV H$a XoZo go EH$ {nÊS>ê$n ~Z OmVm h¡Ÿ&
12 N>hT>mbm nhbr T>mb 13

Zht {_bVmŸ& (`o XwI) Eogo Xw…I (~hþ gmJa bm¢) AZoH$ gmJamon_H$mb _Zwî`J{V _| ~mb, `wdm Am¡a d¥ÕmdñWm Ho$ Xw…I
VH$ (gh¡) ghZ H$aVm h¡, (H$a_ OmoJV¢) {H$gr {deof ew^H$_© Ho$ `moJ go ~mbnZo _| kmZ Z bømo, VéU g_` VéUr-aV aømoŸ&
(ZaJ{V) _Zwî`J{V (bh¡) àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& AY©_¥VH$g_ ~y‹T>mnZmo, H¡$go ê$n bI¡ AmnZmoŸ&&15Ÿ&&
^mdmW© …- CZ ZaH$m| _| BVZr Vrd« ^yI bJVr h¡ {H$ `{X {_b Om`o
Vmo VrZm| bmoH$ H$m AZmO EH$gmW Im Om`|, VWm{n jwYm em§V Z hmo; naÝVw
dhm± ImZo Ho$ {bE EH$ XmZm ^r Zht {_bVmŸ& CZ ZaH$m| _| `h Ord Eogo
Anma Xw…I XrK©H$mb (H$_ go H$_ Xg hOma df© Am¡a A{YH$ go A{YH$
VoVrg gmJamon_ H$mb VH$) ^moJVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a {H$gr ew^H$_© Ho$ CX` go `h AÝd`mW© …- [_Zwî`J[V _|] (~mbnZo _|) ~MnZ _| (kmZ) kmZ (Z
Ord _Zwî`J{V àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&& bømo>) àmá Zht H$a gH$m [Am¡a] (VéU g_`) `wdmdñWm _| (VéUr-aV)
`w d Vr ór _| brZ (aømo ) ahm, [ Am¡ a ] (~y ‹ T > m nZmo ) d¥ Õ mdñWm
_Zwî`J{V _| J^©{Zdmg VWm àgdH$mb Ho$ Xw…I
(AY©_¥VH$g_) AY_am O¡gm [ahm, Eogr Xem _|] (H¡$go) {H$gàH$ma [Ord]
OZZr CXa dñ`mo Zd _mg, A§J gHw$MV¢ nm`mo Ìmg>Ÿ& (AmnZmo) AnZm (ê$n) ñdê$n (bI¡) XoIo - {dMmaoŸ&
{ZH$gV Oo XwI nm`o Kmoa, {VZH$mo H$hV Z Amdo AmoaŸ&&14Ÿ&& ^mdmW© …- _Zwî`J{V _| ^r `h Ord ~më`mdñWm _| {deof kmZ àmá
Zht H$a nm`m; `m¡dZmdñWm _| kmZ Vmo àmá {H$`m, {H$ÝVw ór Ho$ _moh
({df`-^moJ) _| ^ybm ahm Am¡a d¥ÕmdñWm _| BpÝÐ`m| H$s e{º$ H$_ hmo JB©
AWdm _aUn`ªV nhþ±Mo - Eogm H$moB© amoJ bJ J`m {H$, {Oggo AY_am O¡gm
n‹S>m ahmŸ& BgàH$ma `h Ord VrZm| AdñWmAm| _| AmË_ñdê$n H$m Xe©Z
(n{hMmZ) Z H$a gH$mŸ&&15Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [_Zwî`J{V _| ^r `h Ord] (Zd _mg) Zm¡ _hrZo VH$ XodJ{V _| ^dZ{ÌH$ H$m Xw…I
(OZZr) _mVm Ho$ (CXa) noQ> _| (dñ`mo) ahm; [V~ dhm±] (A§J) eara H$^r AH$m_{ZO©am H$a¡, ^dZ{ÌH$ _| gwaVZ Ya¡Ÿ&
(gHw$MV¢) {gH$mo‹S>H$a ahZo go (Ìmg) Xw…I (nm`mo) nm`m, [Am¡a] ({ZH$gV) {df`-Mmh-XmdmZb Xømo, _aV {dbmn H$aV XwI gømoŸ&&16Ÿ&&
{ZH$bVo g_` (Oo) Omo (Kmoa) ^`§H$a (XwI nm`o) Xw…I nm`o ({VZH$mo) CZ
Xw…Im| H$mo (H$hV) H$hZo go (Amoa) AÝV (Z Amdo) Zht Am gH$VmŸ&
^mdmW© …- _Zwî`J{V _| ^r `h Ord Zm¡ _hrZo VH$ _mVm Ho$ noQ> _|
ahm; dhm± eara H$mo {gH$mo‹S>H$a ahZo go Vrd« doXZm ghZ H$s, {OgH$m dU©Z
Zht {H$`m Om gH$VmŸ& H$^r-H$^r Vmo _mVm Ho$ noQ> go {ZH$bVo g_` _mVm
H$m AWdm nwÌ H$m AWdm XmoZm| H$m _aU ^r hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
11
14 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- [Bg Ord Zo] (H$^r) H$^r (AH$m_ {ZO©am) AH$m_
{ZO©am (H$a¡) H$s [Vmo _aZo Ho$ níMmV²] (^dZ{ÌH$) ^dZdmgr, ì`§Va Am¡a
Á`mo{Vfr _| (gwaVZ) Xodn`m©` (Ya¡) YmaU H$s, [naÝVw dhm± ^r] ({df`
Mmh) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`m| H$s BÀN>mê$nr (XmdmZb) ^`§H$a Ap½Z _|
(Xømo) ObVm ahm [Am¡a] (_aV) _aVo g_` ({dbmn H$aV) amo amo H$a
(XwI) Xw…I ghZ {H$`mŸ&
^mdmW© …- O~ H$^r Bg Ord Zo AH$m_ {ZO©am H$s, V~ _aH$a Cg
{ZO©am Ho$ à^md go (^dZ{ÌH$) ^dZdmgr, ì`§Va Am¡a Á`mo{Vfr Xodm| _| go
{H$gr EH$ H$m eara YmaU {H$`mŸ& dhm± ^r AÝ` Xodm| H$m d¡^d XoIH$a
n§MopÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`m| H$s BÀN>mê$nr Ap½Z _| ObVm ahmŸ& {\$a _§Xma_mbm H$mo
_waPmVo XoIH$a VWm eara Am¡a Am^yfUm| H$s H$mpÝV jrU hmoVo XoIH$a
AnZm _¥Ë`wH$mb {ZH$Q> h¡ - Eogm Ad{YkmZ Ûmam OmZH$a ""hm`! A~ `o
^moJ _wPo ^moJZo H$mo Zht {_b|JoŸ&'' - Eogo {dMma go amo-amoH$a AZoH$ Xw…I
ghZ {H$`oŸ&&16Ÿ&&
AH$m_ {ZO©am `h {gÕ H$aVr h¡ {H$ H$_© Ho$ CX`mZwgma hr Ord {dH$ma
Zht H$aVm, {H$ÝVw Mmho O¡gm H$_m}X` hmoZo na ^r Ord ñd`§ nwéfmW© H$a
gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
XodJ{V _| d¡_m{ZH$ Xodm| H$m Xw…I
Omo {d_mZdmgr hÿ Wm`, gå`½Xe©Z {~Z XwI nm`>Ÿ&
Vh±V| M` Wmda VZ Ya¡, `m| n[adV©Z nyao H$a¡Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
12
nhbr T>mb 15
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo) `{X ({d_mZdmgr) d¡_m{ZH$ Xod (hÿ) ^r (Wm`)
hþAm [Vmo dhm±] (gå`½Xe©Z) gå`½Xe©Z ({~Z) {~Zm (XwI) Xw…I (nm`)
àmá {H$`m [Am¡a] (Vh±V¢) dhm± go (M`) _aH$a (Wmda VZ) ñWmda Ord
H$m eara (Ya¡) YmaU H$aVm h¡; (`m|) BgàH$ma [`h Ord] (n[adV©Z)
nm±M namdV©Z (nyao H$a¡) nyU© H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- `h Ord d¡_m{ZH$ Xodm| _| ^r CËnÞ hþAm, {H$ÝVw dhm± BgZo
gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm Xw…I CR>m`o Am¡a dhm± go ^r _aH$a n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$ Am{X
ñWmdam|1 Ho$ eara YmaU {H$`o; AWm©V² nwZ… {V`ªMJ{V _| Om {JamŸ& BgàH$ma
`h Ord AZm{XH$mb go g§gma _| ^Q>H$ ahm h¡ Am¡a nm±M namdV©Z H$a ahm
h¡Ÿ&&17Ÿ&&
gma
g§gma H$s H$moB© ^r J[V gwIXm`H$ Zht h¡Ÿ& {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z go hr n§M
namdV©Zê$n g§gma g_má hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AÝ` {H$gr H$maU go - X`m, XmZm{X Ho$
ew^amJ go g§gma Zht Qy>Q>VmŸ& g§`moJ gwI-Xw…I H$m H$maU Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw
{_Ï`mËd (na Ho$ gmW EH$Ëd~w{Õ - H$Îmm©~w{Õ, ew^amJ go Y_© hmoVm h¡,
ew^amJ {hVH$a h¡ - Eogr _mÝ`Vm) hr Xw…I H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ& gå`½Xe©Z gwI
H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ&
nhbr T>mb H$m gmam§e
VrZ bmoH$ _| Omo AZ§V Ord h¢, do g~ gwI MmhVo h¢ Am¡a Xw…I go S>aVo
h¢; {H$ÝVw AnZm `WmW© ñdê$n g_P|, V^r gwIr hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& Mma J{V`m|
Ho$ g§`moJ {H$gr ^r gwI-Xw…I H$m H$maU Zht h¢, VWm{n na _| EH$Ëd~w{Õ
Ûmam Bï>-A{Zï>nZm _mZH$a Ord AHo$bm Xw…Ir hmoVm h¡; Am¡a dhm± ^«_de
hmoH$a H¡$go g§`moJ Ho$ Aml` go {dH$ma H$aVm h¡, dh g§jon _| H$hm h¡Ÿ&
{V`ªMJ{V Ho$ Xw…Im| H$m dU©Z - `h Ord {ZJmoX _| AZ§VH$mb VH$
ahH$a, dhm± EH$ œmg _| AR>mah ~ma OÝ_ YmaU H$aHo$ AH$WZr` doXZm
1. {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Xod _aH$a EHo$pÝÐ` hmoVm h¡, gå`½Ñ{ï> ZhtŸ&
16 N>hT>mbm
ghZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dhm± go {ZH$bH$a AÝ` ñWmda n`m©`| YmaU H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
Ìgn`m©` Vmo {MÝVm_{U aËZ Ho$ g_mZ A{V Xwb©^Vm go àmá hmoVr h¡Ÿ& dhm±
^r {dH$bÌ` eara YmaU H$aHo$ AË`ÝV Xw…I ghZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& H$Xm{MV²
Ag§kr n§MopÝÐ` hþAm Vmo _Z Ho$ {~Zm Xw…I àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& g§kr hmo Vmo dhm±
^r [Z~©b àmUr ~bdmZ àmUr Ûmam gVm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ~bdmZ Ord Xygam| H$mo
Xw…I XoH$a _hmZ nmn H$m ~§Y H$aVo h¢ Am¡a N>oXZ, ^oXZ, ^yI, ß`mg, erV,
CîUVm Am{X Ho$ AH$WZr` Xw…Im| H$mo àmá hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
ZaH$J{V Ho$ Xw…I - O~ H$^r Aew^-nmn n[aUm_m| go _¥Ë`w àmá H$aVo
h¢, V~ ZaH$ _| OmVo h¢Ÿ& dhm± H$s {_Å>r H$m EH$ H$U ^r Bg bmoH$ _| Am Om`o
Vmo CgH$s XwJªY go H$B© H$mogm| Ho$ g§kr n§MopÝÐ` Ord _a Om`|Ÿ& Cg YaVr H$mo
Ny>Zo go ^r Agø doXZm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& dhm± d¡VaUr ZXr, go_bd¥j, erV, CîUVm
VWm AÞ-Ob Ho$ A^md go ñdV… _hmZ Xw…I hmoVm h¡Ÿ& O~ {~bm| _| Am¢Yo
_w±h bQ>H$Vo h¢, V~ Anma doXZm hmoVr h¡Ÿ& {\$a Xygao ZmaH$s Cgo XoIVo hr Hw$Îmo
H$s ^m±{V Cg na Qy>Q> n‹S>Vo h¢ Am¡a _manrQ> H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Vrgao ZaH$ VH$ Aå~
Am¡a Aå~arf Am{X Zm_ Ho$ g§pŠbï> n[aUm_r AgwaHw$_ma Xod OmH$a Zma{H$`m|
H$mo Ad{YkmZ Ho$ Ûmam nyd©^dm| Ho$ {damoY H$m ñ_aU H$amHo$ nañna b‹S>dmVo
h¢; V~ EH$-Xygao Ho$ Ûmam H$moëhÿ _| {nbZm, Ap½Z _| ObZm, Amao go Mram
OmZm, H$‹T>mB© _| C~bZm, Qw>H$‹S>o-Qw>H$‹S>o H$a S>mbZm Am{X Anma Xw…I CR>mVo
h¢ - Eogr doXZmE± {ZaÝVa ghZm n‹S>Vr h¢Ÿ& VWm{n jU_mÌ gmVm Zht {_bVr;
Š`m|{H$ Qw>H$‹S>o-Qw>H$‹S>o hmo OmZo na ^r eara nmao H$s ^m±{V nwZ… {_bH$a Á`m|
H$m Ë`m| hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& dhm± Am`w nyU© hþE {~Zm _¥Ë`w Zht hmoVrŸ& ZaH$ _| Eogo
Xw…I H$_ go H$_ Xg hOma df© VH$ Vmo ghZm n‹S>Vo h¢, {H$ÝVw `{X CËH¥$ï>
Am`w H$m ~§Y hþAm Vmo VoVrg gmJamon_ df© VH$ eara H$m AÝV Zht hmoVmŸ&
_Zwî`J{V H$m Xw…I - {H$gr {deof nwÊ`H$_© Ho$ CX` go `h Ord O~
H$^r _Zwî`n`m©` àmá H$aVm h¡, V~ Zm¡ _hrZo VH$ Vmo _mVm Ho$ CXa _| hr n‹S>m
ahVm h¡, dhm± eara H$mo {gH$mo‹S>H$a ahZo go _hmZ H$ï> CR>mZm n‹S>Vm h¡Ÿ& dhm±
13
nhbr T>mb 17
go {ZH$bVo g_` Omo Anma doXZm hmoVr h¡, CgH$m Vmo dU©Z ^r Zht {H$`m Om
gH$VmŸ& {\$a ~MnZ _| kmZ Ho$ {~Zm, `wdmdñWm _| {df`-^moJm| _| Amgº$
ahZo go VWm d¥ÕmdñWm _| BpÝÐ`m| H$s {e{WbVm AWdm _aUn`ªV j`amoJ
Am{X _| éH$Zo Ho$ H$maU AmË_Xe©Z go {d_wI ahVm h¡ Am¡a AmË_moÕma H$m
_mJ© àmá Zht H$a nmVmŸ&
XodJ{V H$m Xw…I - `{X H$moB© ew^H$_© Ho$ CX` go Xod ^r hþAm, Vmo
Xygao ~‹S>o Xodm| H$m d¡^d Am¡a gwI XoIH$a _Z hr _Z Xw…Ir hmoVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&
H$Xm{MV² d¡_m{ZH$ Xod ^r hþAm, Vmo dhm± ^r gå`ŠËd Ho$ {~Zm AmpË_H$
em§{V àmá Zht H$a nmVm VWm A§V g_` _| _§Xma_mbm _waPm OmZo go,
Am^yfU Am¡a eara H$s H$mpÝV jrU hmoZo go _¥Ë`w H$mo {ZH$Q> Am`m OmZH$a
_hmZ Xw…I hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AmV©Ü`mZ H$aHo$ hm`-hm` H$aHo$ _aVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a
EHo${ÝÐ` Ord VH$ hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² nwZ… {V`ªMJ{V _| Om nhþM
± Vm h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma
Mmam| J{V`m| _| Ord H$mo H$ht ^r gwI-em§{V Zht {_bVrŸ& Bg H$maU AnZo
{_Ï`mËd ^mdm| Ho$ H$maU hr {ZaÝVa g§gma MH«$ _| n[a^«_U H$aVm ahVm h¡Ÿ&
nhbr T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
EHo$pÝÐ` …- n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$ Ord, AnH$m{`H$ Ord, A{½ZH$m{`H$ Ord,
dm`wH$m{`H$ Ord Am¡a dZñn{VH$m{`H$ OrdŸ&
J{V …- _Zwî`J{V, {V`ªMJ{V, XodJ{V Am¡a ZaH$J{VŸ&
Ord …- g§gmar Am¡a _wº$Ÿ&
Ìg …- ÛrpÝÐ`, ÌrpÝÐ`, MVw[apÝÐ` Am¡a n§MopÝÐ`Ÿ&
Xod …- ^dZdmgr, ì`ÝVa, Á`mo{Vfr Am¡a d¡_m{ZH$Ÿ&
n§MopÝÐ` …- g§kr Am¡a Ag§krŸ&
`moJ …- _Z, dMZ Am¡a H$m`; AWdm Ðì` Am¡a ^mdŸ&
bmoH$ …- D$Üd©, _Ü`, AY…Ÿ&
dZñn{V …- gmYmaU Am¡a àË`oH$Ÿ&
18 N>hT>mbm
d¡_m{ZH$ …-H$ënmoËnÞ, H$ënmVrVŸ&
g§gmar …- Ìg Am¡a ñWmda; AWdm EHo$pÝÐ`, ÛrpÝÐ`, ÌrpÝÐ`, MVw[apÝÐ`
Am¡a n§Mpo ÝÐ`Ÿ&
nhbr T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h
AH$m_{ZO©am …- ghZ H$aZo H$s A{ZÀN>m hmoZo na ^r Ord amoJ, jwYm{X
ghZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Vrd« H$_m}X` _| `wº$ Z hmoH$a Ord nwéfmW©
Ûmam _§XH$fm`ê$n n[aU{_V hmo, dhŸ&
A{¾H$m{`H$ …- Ap½Z hr {OgH$m eara hmoVm h¡ - Eogm OrdŸ&
Ag§kr …- {ejm Am¡a CnXoe J«hU H$aZo H$s e{º$ a{hV Ord H$mo
Ag§kr H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
BpÝÐ` …- AmË_m Ho$ {M• H$mo BpÝÐ` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
EHo$pÝÐ` …- {Ogo EH$ ñne©ZopÝÐ` hr hmoVr h¡ - Eogm OrdŸ&
J{V Zm_H$_© …- Omo H$_© Ord Ho$ AmH$ma ZmaH$s, {V`ªM, _Zwî` VWm Xod
O¡go ~ZmVm h¡Ÿ&
J{V …- {OgHo$ CX` go Ord Xygar n`m©` (^d) àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
{MÝVm_{U …- Omo BÀN>m H$aZo _mÌ go BpÀN>V dñVw àXmZ H$aVm h¡ -
Eogm aËZŸ&
{V`ªMJ{V …- {V`ª M J{V Zm_H$_© Ho $ CX` go {V`ª M m| _| OÝ_
YmaUH$aZmŸ&
XodJ{V …- XodJ{V Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX` go Xodm| _| OÝ_ YmaU H$aZmŸ&
ZaH$ …- nmnH$_© Ho$ CX` _| `wº$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU {Og ñWmZ _|
OÝ_ boVo hr Ord Agø Ed§ An[a{_V doXZm AZw^d
H$aZo bJVm h¡ VWm Xygao Zma{H$`m| Ûmam gVm`o OmZo Ho$
H$maU Xw…I H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡ VWm Ohm± Vrd« Ûof-
nyU© OrdZ ì`VrV hmoVm h¡ - dh ñWmZŸ& Ohm± na jU^a
nhbr T>mb 19
^r R>haZm Zht MmhVmŸ&
ZaH$J{V …- ZaH$J{V Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX` go ZaH$ _| OÝ_ boZmŸ&
{ZJmoX …- gmYmaU Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX` go EH$ eara Ho$ Amòd go
AZ§VmZ§V Ord g_mZê$n go {Og_| ahVo h¢, _aVo h¢ Am¡a
n¡Xm hmoVo h¢, Cg AdñWmdmbo Ordm| H$mo {ZJmoX H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
{ZË`{ZJmoX …- Ohm± Ho$ Ordm| Zo AZm{XH$mb go AmO VH$ Ìgn`m©`
àmá Zht H$s - Eogr Ordam{e, {H$ÝVw ^{dî` _| do Ord
Ìg-n`m©` àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&
n[adV©Z …- Ðì`, joÌ, H$mb, ^md Am¡a ^dê$n g§gmaMH«$ _|
n[a^«_UŸ&
n§MopÝÐ` …- {OZHo$ nm±M BpÝÐ`m± hmoVr h¢ - Eogo OrdŸ&
n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$ …- n¥Ïdr hr {OZ Ordm| H$m eara h¡ - doŸ&
àË`oH$ dZñn{V …- {Og_| EH$ eara H$m ñdm_r EH$ Ord hmoVm h¡ - Eogo
d¥j, \$b Am{XŸ&
^ì` …- VrZ H$mb _| {H$gr ^r g_` aËZÌ` àm{á H$s `mo½`Vm
aIZodmbo Ord H$mo ^ì` H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
_Z …- {hV-A{hV H$m {dMma VWm {ejm Am¡a CnXoe J«hU
H$aZo H$s e{º$ g{hV kmZ-{deof H$mo ^md _Z H$hVo
h¢Ÿ& öX` ñWmZ _| AmR> n§Iw{‹S>`m|dmbo H$_b H$s
AmH¥${V g_mZ Omo nwX²Jb{nÊS>, Cgo O‹S>-_Z AWm©V²
Ðì`-_Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
_Zwî`J{V …- _Zwî`J{V Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX` go _Zwî`m| _| OÝ_ boZm AWdm
CËnÞ hmoZmŸ&
_oé …- Oå~yÛrn Ho$ {dXohjoÌ _| pñWV EH$ bmI `moOZ D±$Mm
EH$ nd©V {deofŸ&
14
20 N>hT>mbm
_moh …- na Ho$ gmW EH$Ëd~w{Õ go {_Ï`mËd_moh h¡; `h _moh
An[a{_V h¡ VWm A{ñWaVmê$n amJm{X gmo Mm[aÌ_moh
h¡; `h _moh n[a{_V h¡Ÿ&
bmoH$ …- {Og_| Ordm{X N>h Ðì` pñWV h¢, Cgo bmoH$ AWdm
bmoH$mH$me H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
{d_mZdmgr …- ñdJ© Am¡a J«¡do`H$ Am{X Ho$ XodŸ&
drVamJ H$m bjU -
OÝ_1, Oam2, {VaIm3, jwYm4, {dñ_`5, AmaV6, IoX7Ÿ&
amoJ8, emoH$9, _X10, _moh11, ^`12, {ZÐm13, {MÝVm14, ñdoX15Ÿ&
amJ16, Ûof17, Aé _aU18 OwV, `o Aï>Xe XmofŸ&
Zmqh hmoV {Og Ord Ho$, drVamJ gmo hmo`Ÿ&&
ídmg …- aº$ H$s J{V à_mU g_`, {H$ Omo EH$ {_ZQ> _| 80 ~ma go Hw$N>
A§e H$_ MbVr h¡Ÿ&
gmJa …- Xmo hOma H$mog Jhao VWm BVZo hr Mm¡‹S>o JmobmH$ma JS²>T>o H$mo, H¢$Mr
go {OgHo$ Xmo Qw>H$‹S>o Z hmo gHo$ - Eogo VWm EH$ go gmV {XZ H$s C_«
Ho$ CÎm_ ^moJ^y{_ Ho$ _|T>o Ho$ ~mbm| go ^a {X`m Om`oŸ& {\$a Cg_| go
gm¡-gm¡ df© Ho$ A§Va go EH$ ~mb {ZH$mbm Om`oŸ& {OVZo H$mb _|
CZ g~ ~mbm| H$mo {ZH$mb {X`m Om`o, Cgo "ì`dhma në`' H$hVo
h¢; ì`dhma në` go Ag§»`mVJwZo g_` H$mo "CÕmanë`'Am¡a
CÕmanë` go Ag§»`mVJwZo H$mb H$mo "AÕm në`' H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Xg
H$mo‹S>mH$mo‹S>r (10 H$amo‹S> -- 10 H$amo‹S>) AÕm në`m| H$m EH$
gmJa hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
g§kr …- {ejm VWm CnXoe J«hU H$a gH$Zo H$s e{º$dmbo _Zg{hV àmUrŸ&
ñWmda …- ñWmda Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX` g{hV n¥Ïdr-Ob-A{½Z-dm`w
VWm dZñn{VH$m{`H$ OrdŸ&
15
nhbr T>mb 21
AÝVa-àXe©Z
(1) Ìg Ordm| H$mo Ìg Zm_H$_© H$m CX` hmoVm h¡, naÝVw ñWmda Ordm| H$mo
ñWmda Zm_H$_© H$m CX` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& - XmoZm| _| `h AÝVa h¡Ÿ&
ZmoQ> …-Ìg Am¡a ñWmdam| _|, Mb gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Zht Mb gH$Vo - Bg
Anojm go AÝVa ~VbmZm R>rH$ Zht h¡; Š`m|{H$ Eogm _mZZo go J_Z
a{hV A`moJrHo$dbr _| ñWmda H$m bjU VWm J_Z g{hV ndZ
Am{X EHo$pÝÐ` Ordm| _| Ìg H$m bjU {_bZo go A{Vì`m{á Xmof
AmVm h¡Ÿ&
(2) gmYmaU Ho$ Aml` go AZÝV Ord ahVo h¢, {H$ÝVw àË`oH$ Ho$ Aml` go
EH$ hr Ord ahVm h¡Ÿ&
(3) g§kr Vmo {ejm Am¡a CnXoe J«hU H$a gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw Ag§kr ZhtŸ&
ZmoQ> …-{H$Ýht H$m ^r AÝVa ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE gd©Ì Bg e¡br H$m AZwH$aU
H$aZm Mm{hE; _mÌ bjU ~VbmZo go AÝVa Zht {ZH$bVmŸ&
nhbr T>mb H$s àíZmdbr
(1) Ag§kr, D$Üd©bmoH$, EHo$pÝÐ`, H$_©, J{V, MVw[apÝÐ`, Ìg, ÌrpÝÐ`,
ÛrpÝÐ`, AYmo bmoH$, n§Mpo ÝÐ`, àË`oH$, _Ü`bmoH$, drVamJ, d¡{H«${`H$
eara, gmYmaU Am¡a ñWmda Ho$ bjU ~VbmAmoŸ&
(2) gmYmaU ({ZJmoX) Am¡a àË`oH$ _|, Ìg Am¡a ñWmda _|, g§kr Am¡a
Ag§kr _| AÝVa ~VbmAmoŸ&
(3) Ag§kr {V`ªM, Ìg, Xod, {Z~©b, {ZJmoX, new, ~më`mdñWm, ^dZ{ÌH$,
_Zwî`, `m¡dZ, d¥ÕmdñWm, d¡_m{ZH$, g~b, g§kr, ñWmda, ZaH$J{V,
ZaH$ gå~ÝYr ^yI, ß`mg, gXu, J_u, ^y{_ñne© VWm AgwaHw$_mam|
Ho$ Xw…I; AH$m_ {ZO©am H$m \$b, AgwaHw$_mam| H$m H$m`© VWm J_Z;
ZmaH$s Ho$ eara H$s {deofVm Am¡a AH$mb _¥Ë`w H$m A^md, _§Xma_mbm,
d¡VaUr VWm erV go bmoho Ho$ Jmobo H$m Jb OmZm - BZH$m ñnï> dU©Z
22 N>hT>mbm nhbr T>mb 23

H$amoŸ&
(4) AZm{XH$mb go g§gma _| n[a^«_U, ^dZ{ÌH$ _| CËnÞ hmoZm VWm
ñdJm] _| Xw…I H$m H$maU ~VbmAmoŸ& Xygar T>mb
(5) AgwaHw$_mam| H$m J_Z, gånyU© Ordam{e, J^©{Zdmg H$m g_`, nÕ[a N>ÝX ( 15 _mÌm )
`m¡dZmdñWm, ZaH$ H$s Am`w, {ZJmoXdmg H$m g_`, {ZJmo{X`m H$s
BpÝÐ`m±, {ZJmo{X`m H$s Am`w, {ZJmoX _| EH$ œmg _| OÝ_-_aU VWm g§gma (MVwJ©{V) _| n[a^«_U H$m H$maU
œmg H$m n[a_mU ~VbmAmoŸ& Eogo {_Ï`m ÑJ-kmZ-MU©de, ^«_V ^aV XwI OÝ_-_U©Ÿ&
(6) Ìg n`m©` H$s Xwb^© Vm 1-2-3-4-5 BpÝÐ` Ord VWm erV go bmoho VmV¢ BZH$mo V{O`o gwOmZ, gwZ {VZ g§jon H$hÿ± ~ImZŸ&&1Ÿ&&
H$m Jmobm Jb OmZo H$mo Ñï>m§V Ûmam g_PmAmoŸ&
(7) ~wao n[aUm_m| go àmá hmoZo `mo½` J{V, J«ÝW aM{`Vm, Ord-H$_© gå~ÝY,
Ordm| H$s BpÀN>V VWm A{ZpÀN>V dñVw, Z_ñH¥$V dñVw, ZaH$ H$s
ZXr, ZaH$ _| OmZodmbo AgwaHw$_ma, ZmaH$s H$m eara, {ZJmo{X`m H$m
eara, {ZJmoX go {ZH$bH$a àmá hmoZodmbr n`m©`|, Zm¡ _hrZo go H$_
g_` VH$ J^© _| ahZodmbo, {_Ï`mËdr d¡_m{ZH$ H$s ^{dî`H$mbrZ
n`m©`, _mVm-{nVm a{hV Ord, gdm©{YH$ Xw…I H$m ñWmZ Am¡a g§Šboe
n[aUm_ g{hV _¥Ë`w hmoZo Ho$ H$maU àmá hmoZo `mo½` J{V H$m Zm_
~VbmAmoŸ&
(8) AnZr BÀN>mZwgma {H$gr eãX, MaU AWdm N>§X H$m AW© `m ^mdmW©
H$hmoŸ& nhbr T>mb H$m gmam§ ^OZe g_PmAmo, J{V`m| Ho$ Xw…Im| na EH$
dÝXm| AX²^Vw MÝÐdra {OZ, ^{dMH$moa {MV hmarŸ&
boI {bImo AWdm H$hH$a gwZmAmoŸ&
{MXmZÝX A§~{w Y A~ CN>a>çmo ^d Vn ZmeZ hmarŸ&&Q>Ho $Ÿ&&
{gÕmaW Z¥n Hw$b Z^ _ÊS>b, IÊS>Z ^«_-V_ ^marŸ&
na_mZÝX Ob{Y {dñVmaZ, nmn Vmn N>` H$marŸ&&1Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [`h Ord] ({_Ï`m ÑJ-kmZ-MU©de) {_Ï`mXe©Z,
C{XV {ZaÝVa {Ì^wdZ AÝVa, H$saV {H$aZ ngmarŸ&
Xmof _b§H$ H$b§H$ AI{H$, _moh amhþ {ZadmarŸ&&2Ÿ&&
{_Ï`mkmZ Am¡a {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Ho$ de hmoH$a (Eogo) BgàH$ma (OÝ_-_aU)
H$_m©daU n`moY Aamo{YV, ~mo{YV {ed_JMmarŸ& OÝ_ Am¡a _aU Ho$ (XwI) Xw…Im| H$mo (^aV) ^moJVm hþAm [Mmam| J{V`m| _|]
JUYam{X _w{Z CSw>JZ godV, {ZV nyZ_ {V{W YmarŸ&&3Ÿ&& (^«_V) ^Q>H$Vm {\$aVm h¡Ÿ& (VmV¢) Bg{b`o (BZH$mo) BZ VrZm| H$mo (gwOmZ)
A{Ib AbmoH$mH$me Cb§KZ, Omgw kmZ CO`marŸ& ^br^m±{V OmZH$a (V{O`o) N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hEŸ& [Bg{b`o] BZ VrZm| H$m
"Xm¡bV' VZgm Hw$_w{X{Z_moXZ, Á`m| Ma_ OJVmarŸ&&4Ÿ&& (g§jon) g§jon go (H$hÿ± ~ImZ) dU©Z H$aVm hÿ±, Cgo (gwZ) gwZmoŸ&
16
24 N>hT>mbm
^mdmW© …- Bg MaU go Eogm g_PZm Mm{hE {H$ {_Ï`mXe©Z, kmZ,
Mm[aÌ go hr Ord H$mo Xw…I hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² ew^mew^ amJm{X {dH$ma VWm na
Ho$ gmW EH$Ëd H$s lÕm, kmZ Am¡a {_Ï`m AmMaU go hr Ord Xw…Ir hmoVm
h¡; Š`m|{H$ H$moB© g§`moJ gwI-Xw…I H$m H$maU Zht hmo gH$Vm - Eogm OmZH$a
gwImWu H$mo BZ {_Ï`m^mdm| H$m Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& Bgr{b`o _¢ `hm± g§jon
go CZ VrZm| H$m dU©Z H$aVm hÿŸ± &&1Ÿ&&
AJ¥hrV-{_Ï`mXe©Z Am¡a OrdVÎd H$m bjU
Ordm{X à`moOZ^yV VÎd, gaY¢ {VZ_mqh {dn`©`ËdŸ&
MoVZ H$mo h¡ Cn`moJ ê$n, {dZ _yaV {MÝ_yaV AZynŸ&&2Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Ordm{X) Ord, AOrd, Amòd, ~§Y, g§da, {ZO©am
Am¡a _moj (à`moOZ^yV) à`moOZ^yV (VÎd) VÎd h¢, ({VZ_mqh) CZ_|
({dn`©`Ëd) {dnarV (gaY¢) lÕm H$aZm [gmo AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z h¡] (MoVZ
H$mo) AmË_m H$m (ê$n) ñdê$n (Cn`moJ) XoIZm-OmZZm AWdm Xe©Z-kmZ
h¡> [Am¡a dh] ({dZ _yaV) A_y{V©H$ ({MÝ_yaV) M¡VÝ`_` [VWm] (AZyn)
Cn_m a{hV h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- `WmW©ê$n go ewÕmË_Ñ{ï> Ûmam Ord, AOrd, Amòd, ~§Y,
g§da, {ZO©am Am¡a _moj - BZ gmV VÎdm| H$s lÕm H$aZo go gå`½Xe©Z hmoVm
h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o BZ gmV VÎdm| H$mo OmZZm Amdí`H$ h¡Ÿ& gmVm| VÎdm| H$m {dnarV
Xygar T>mb 25
lÕmZ H$aZm, Cgo AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Ord kmZ-Xe©Z Cn`moJñdê$n
AWm©V² kmVm-Ñï>m h¡Ÿ& A_y{V©H$, M¡VÝ`_` VWm Cn_ma{hV h¡Ÿ&
OrdVÎd Ho$ {df` _| {_Ï`mËd ({dnarV lÕm)
nwX²Jb Z^ Y_© AY_© H$mb, BZV¢ Ý`mar h¡ Ord MmbŸ&
VmH$m| Z OmZ {dnarV _mZ, H$[a H$a¡ Xoh _| {ZO {nN>mZŸ&&3Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (nwX²Jb) nwX²Jb (Z^) AmH$me (Y_©) Y_© (AY_©)
AY_© (H$mb) H$mb (BZV¢) BZgo (Ord Mmb) Ord H$m ñd^md AWdm
n[aUm_(Ý`mar) {^Þ (h¡) h¡; [VWm{n {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord] (VmH$m|)Cg ñd^md
H$mo (Z OmZ) Zht OmZVm Am¡a ({dnarV) {dnarV (_mZ H$[a) _mZH$a (Xoh
_|) eara _| ({ZO) AmË_m H$s ({nN>mZ) n{hMmZ (H$ao) H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- nwX²Jb, Y_©, AY_©, AmH$me Am¡a H$mb - `o nm±M
AOrd Ðì` h¢Ÿ& Ord {ÌH$mb kmZñdê$n VWm nwX²Jbm{X Ðì`m| go n¥WH²$ h¡,
{H$ÝVw {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord AmË_m Ho$ ñd^md H$s `WmW© lÕm Z H$aHo$ AkmZde
{dnarV _mZH$a, eara hr _¢ hÿ±, eara Ho$ H$m`© _¢ H$a gH$Vm hÿ±, _¢ AnZr
BÀN>mZwgma eara H$s ì`dñWm aI gH$Vm hÿ± - Eogm _mZH$a eara H$mo hr
AmË_m _mZVm h¡Ÿ& (`h OrdVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm h¡Ÿ&)ŸŸ&&3Ÿ&&
{_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$m eara VWm nadñVwAm| gå~ÝYr {dMma
_¢ gwIr XwIr _¢ a§H$ amd, _oao YZ J¥h Jmo-YZ à^mdŸ&
_oao gwV {V` _¢ g~b XrZ, ~oê$n gw^J _yaI àdrUŸ&&4Ÿ&&
17
26 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- [{_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord {_Ï`mXe©Z Ho$ H$maU go _mZVm h¡ {H$]
(_¢) _¢ (gwIr) gwIr (XwIr) Xw…Ir, (a§H$) {ZY©Z, (amd) amOm hÿ±, (_oao) _oao
`hm± (YZ) én`m-n¡gm Am{X (J¥h) Ka (Jmo-YZ) Jm`, ^¢g Am{X (à^md)
~‹S>ßnZ [h¡; Am¡a] (_oao gwV) _oar g§VmZ VWm ({V`) _oar ór h¡; (_¢) _¢
(g~b) ~bdmZ, (XrZ) {Z~©b, (~oê$n) Hw$ê$n, (gw^J) gwÝXa, (_yaI)
_yI© Am¡a (àdrU) MVwa hÿ±Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) OrdVÎd H$s ^yb … Ord Vmo {ÌH$mb kmZñdê$n h¡, Cgo
AkmZr Ord Zht OmZVm Am¡a Omo eara h¡; gmo _¢ hr hÿ±, eara Ho$ H$m`© _¢ H$a
gH$Vm hÿ±, eara ñdñW hmo Vmo _wPo bm^ hmo, ~mø AZwHy$b g§`moJm| go _¢ gwIr
Am¡a à{VHy$b g§`moJm| go _¢ Xw…Ir, _¢ {ZY©Z, _¢ YZdmZ, _¢ ~bdmZ, _¢ {Z~©b,
_¢ _Zwî`, _¢ Hw$ê$n, _¢ gwÝXa - Eogm _mZVm h¡; earam{lV CnXoe VWmCndmgm{X
{H«$`mAm| _| AnZËd _mZVm h¡ - BË`m{X1 {_Ï`m A{^àm` Ûmam Omo AnZo
n[aUm_ Zht h¢, CÝh| AmË_m H$m n[aUm_ _mZVm h¡, dh OrdVÎd H$s ^yb h¡Ÿ&
AOrd Am¡a AmòdVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm
VZ CnOV AnZr CnO OmZ, VZ ZeV AmnH$mo Zme _mZŸ&
amJm{X àJQ> `o Xw…I XoZ, {VZhr H$mo godV {JZV M¡ZŸ&&5Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [{_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord] (VZ) eara Ho$ (CnOV) CËnÞ hmoZo
go (AnZr) AnZm AmË_m (CnO) CËnÞ hþAm (OmZ) Eogm _mZVm h¡ Am¡a
1.Omo earam{X nXmW© {XImB© XoVo h¢, do AmË_m go {^Þ h¢; CZHo$ R>rH$ ahZo `m {~J‹S>Zo go
AmË_m H$m Hw$N> ^r AÀN>m-~wam Zht hmoVm; {H$ÝVw {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord Bggo {dnarV _mZVm h¡Ÿ&
18
Xygar T>mb 27
(VZ) eara Ho$ (ZeV) Zme hmoZo go (AmnH$mo) AmË_m H$m (Zme) _aU
hþAm - Eogm (_mZ) _mZVm h¡Ÿ& (amJm{X) amJ, Ûof, _mohm{X (`o) Omo
(àJQ>) ñnîQ> ê$n go (Xw…I XoZ) Xw…I XoZo dmbo h¢ ({VZhr H$mo) CZH$s
(godV) godm H$aVm hþAm (M¡Z) gwI ({JZV) _mZVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) AOrdVÎd H$s ^yb … {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord Eogm _mZVm
h¡ {H$ eara H$s CËn{Îm (g§`moJ) hmoZo go _¢ CËnÞ hþAm Am¡a eara H$m Zme
({d`moJ) hmoZo go _¢ _a OmD±$Jm, (AmË_m H$m _aU _mZVm h¡;) YZ, earam{X
O‹S> nXmWm] _| n[adV©Z hmoZo go AnZo _| Bï>-A{Zï> n[adV©Z _mZZm, eara
jwYm-V¥fmê$n AdñWm hmoZo go _wPo jwYm-V¥fm{X hmoVo h¢; eara H$Q>Zo go _¢
H$Q> J`m - BË`m{X Omo AOrd H$s AdñWmE± h¢, CÝh| AnZr _mZVm h¡ - `h
AOrdVÎd H$s ^yb h¡1Ÿ&
(2) AmòdVÎd H$s ^yb …- Ord AWdm AOrd H$moB© ^r na nXmW©
AmË_m H$mo qH${MV² ^r gwI-Xw…I, gwYma-{~Jm‹S>, Bï>-A{Zï> Zht H$a
gH$Vo, VWm{n AkmZr Eogm Zht _mZVmŸ& na _| H$V¥©Ëd, __Ëdê$n {_Ï`mËd
VWm amJ-Ûofm{X ew^mew^ Amòd^md àË`j Xw…I XoZodmbo h¢, ~§Y Ho$ hr
H$maU h¢, VWm{n AkmZr Ord CÝh| gwIH$a OmZH$a godZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a
ew^^md ^r ~ÝY H$m hr H$maU h¡ - Amòd h¡, Cgo {hVH$a _mZVm h¡Ÿ&
naÐì` Ord H$mo bm^-hm{Z Zht nhþ±Mm gH$Vo, VWm{n CÝh| Bï>-A{Zï>
_mZH$a CZ_| àr{V-Aàr{V H$aVm h¡; {_Ï`mËd, amJ-Ûof H$m ñdê$n Zht
OmZVm; na nXmW© _wPo gwI-Xw…I XoVo h¢ AWdm amJ-Ûof-_moh H$amVo h¢ -
Eogm _mZVm h¡, dh AmòdVÎd H$s ^yb h¡Ÿ&
~§Y Am¡a g§daVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm
ew^-Aew^ ~§Y Ho$ \$b _§Pma, a{V-Aa{V H$a¡ {ZO nX {dgmaŸ&
AmV_{hV hoVw {damJ kmZ, Vo bI¡ AmnH$mo H$ï>XmZŸ&&6Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [{_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord] ({ZO nX) AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo
({dgma) ^ybH$a (~§Y Ho$) H$_©~§Y Ho$ (ew^) AÀN>o (\$b _±Pma) \$b _|
1. AmË_m A_a h¡; dh {df, Ap½Z, eó, Aó AWdm AÝ` {H$gr go Zht _aVm Am¡a Z
ZdrZ CËnÞ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _aU ({d`moJ) Vmo _mÌ eara H$m hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
28 N>hT>mbm
(a{V) ào_ (H$a¡) H$aVm h¡ Am¡a H$_©~§Y Ho$ (Aew^) ~wao \$b go (Aa{V)
Ûof H$aVm h¡; VWm Omo ({damJ) amJ-Ûof H$m A^md [AWm©V² AnZo `WmW©
ñd^md _| pñWaVmê$n1 gå`ŠMm[aÌ] Am¡a (kmZ) gå`½kmZ [Am¡a gå`½Xe©Z]
(AmË_{hV) AmË_m Ho$ {hV Ho$ (hoVw) H$maU h¢ (Vo) CÝh| (AmnH$mo)
AmË_m H$mo (H$ï>XmZ) Xw…I XoZodmbo (bI¡) _mZVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) ~§YVÎd H$s ^yb …- AKm{VH$_© Ho$ \$bmZwgma
nXmWm] H$s g§`moJ-{d`moJê$n AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢Ÿ& {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord CÝh| AZwH$y b-
à{VHy$b _mZH$a CZgo _¢ gwIr-Xw…Ir hÿ± - Eogr H$ënZm Ûmam amJ-Ûof,
AmHw$bVm H$aVm h¡Ÿ& YZ, `mo½` ór, nwÌm{X H$m g§`moJ hmoZo go a{V H$aVm h¡;
amoJ, qZXm, {ZY©ZVm, nwÌ-{d`moJm{X hmoZo go Aa{V H$aVm h¡; nwÊ`-nmn XmoZm|
~§YZH$Vm© h¢, {H$ÝVw Eogm Z _mZH$a nwÊ` H$mo {hVH$mar _mZVm h¡; VÎdÑ{ï> go
Vmo nwÊ`-nmn XmoZm| A{hVH$a hr h¢; naÝVw AkmZr Eogm {ZYm©aê$n Zht _mZVm
- dh ~ÝYVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm h¡Ÿ&
(2) g§daVÎd H$s ^yb …- {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ hr Ord
H$mo {hVH$mar h¢; ñdê$n _| pñWaVm Ûmam amJ H$m {OVZm A^md dh d¡am½` h¡
Am¡a dh gwI Ho$ H$maUê$n h¡; VWm{n AkmZr Ord Cgo H$ï>XmVm _mZVm h¡ -
`h g§daVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm h¡Ÿ&
{ZO©am Am¡a _moj H$s {dnarV lÕm VWm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ
amoHo$ Z Mmh {ZOe{º$ Imo`, {edê$n {ZamHw$bVm Z Omo`Ÿ&
`mhr àVr{VOwV H$Nw>H$ kmZ, gmo XwIXm`H$ AkmZ OmZŸ&&7Ÿ&&
1. AZ§VXe©Z, AZ§VkmZ, AZ§VgwI Am¡a AZ§Vdr`© hr AmË_m H$m gÀMm ñdê$n h¡Ÿ&
19
Xygar T>mb 29
AÝd`mW© …- [{_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord] ({ZOe{º$) AnZo AmË_m H$s e{º$
(Imo`) ImoH$a (Mmh) BÀN>m H$mo (Z amoHo$) Zht amoH$Vm Am¡a ({ZamHw$bVm)
AmHw$bVm Ho$ A^md H$mo ({edê$n) _mojH$m ñdê$n (Z Omo`) Zht _mZVmŸ&
(`mhr) Bg (àVr{VOwV) {_Ï`m _mÝ`Vm g{hV (H$Nw>H$ kmZ) Omo Hw$N>
kmZ h¡ (gmo) dh (XwIXm`H$) H$ï> XoZodmbm (AkmZ) AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ
h¡ - Eogm (OmZ) g_PZm Mm{h`oŸ&
^mdmW© …- (1) {ZO©amVÎd H$s ^yb …- AmË_m _| Am§{eH$ ew{Õ
H$s d¥{Õ VWm Aew{Õ H$s hm{Z hmoZm, Cgo g§danyd©H$ {ZO©am H$hm OmVm h¡;
dh {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z nydH© $ hr hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& kmZmZÝXñdê$n _| pñWa hmoZo go
ew^-Aew^ BÀN>m H$m {ZamoY hmoVm h¡ dh Vn h¡Ÿ& Vn Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡ …-
(1) ~mbVn (2) gå`H²$Vn; AkmZXem _| Omo Vn {H$`m OmVm h¡, dh
~mbVn h¡, Cggo H$^r gÀMr {ZO©am Zht hmoVr; {H$ÝVw AmË_ñdê$n _|
gå`H²$ àH$ma go pñWaVm-AZwgma {OVZm ew^-Aew^ BÀN>m H$m A^md
hmoVm h¡, dh gÀMr {ZO©am h¡ - gå`H²$Vn h¡; {H$ÝVw {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord Eogm
Zht _mZVmŸ& AnZr AZÝV kmZm{X e{º$ H$mo ^ybH$a naml` _| gwI _mZVm
h¡, ew^mew^ BÀN>m VWm nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`m| H$s Mmh H$mo Zht amoH$Vm -
`h {ZO©amVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm h¡Ÿ&
(2) _mojVÎd H$s ^yb …- nyU© {ZamHw$b AmpË_H$ gwI H$s àm{á
AWm©V² Ord H$s gånyU© ewÕVm dh _moj H$m ñdê$n h¡ VWm dhr gƒm gwI
h¡; {H$ÝVw AkmZr Eogm Zht _mZVmŸ&
_moj hmoZo na VoO _| VoO {_b OmVm h¡ AWdm dhm± eara, BpÝÐ`m± VWm
{df`m| Ho$ {~Zm gwI H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡? dhm± go nwZ… AdVma YmaU H$aZm
30 N>hT>mbm
n‹S>Vm h¡ - BË`m{XŸ& BgàH$ma _mojXem _| {ZamHw$bVm Zht _mZVm, dh
_mojVÎd H$s {dnarV lÕm h¡Ÿ&
(3) AkmZ …- AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z Ho$ ahVo hþE Omo Hw$N> kmZ hmo, Cgo
AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ H$hVo h¢; dh _hmZ² Xw…IXmVm h¡Ÿ& CnXoem{X ~mø {Z{_Îmm|
Ho$ Ambå~Z Ûmam Cgo ZdrZ J«hU Zht {H$`m h¡, {H$ÝVw AZm{XH$mbrZ h¡, Bg{b`o
Cgo AJ¥hrV (ñdm^m{dH$-{ZgJ©O) {_Ï`mkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ (Hw$Mm[aÌ) H$m bjU
BZ OwV {df`{Z _| Omo àd¥Îm, VmH$mo OmZmo {_Ï`mM[aÎmŸ&
`m| {_Ï`mËdm{X {ZgJ© Ooh, A~ Oo J¥hrV, gw{Z`o gw VohŸ&&8Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo) Omoo ({df`{Z _|) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`m| _| (BZ
OwV) AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z VWm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ g{hV (àd¥Îm) àd¥{Îm
H$aVm h¡ (VmH$mo) Cgo ({_Ï`mM[aÎm) AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ (OmZmo) g_PmoŸ&
(`m|) BgàH$ma ({ZgJ©) AJ¥hrV ({_Ï`mËdm{X) {_Ï`mXe©Z, {_Ï`mkmZ
Am¡a {_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$m [dU©Z {H$`m J`m] (A~) A~ (Oo) Omo (J¥hrV)
J¥hrV [{_Ï`mXe©Z, kmZ, Mm[aÌ] h¡ (Voh) Cgo (gw{Z`o) gwZmoŸ&
^mdmW© …- AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z VWm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ g{hV nm±M
BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df` _| àd¥{Îm,H$aZm Cgo AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& BZ
VrZm| H$mo Xw…I H$m H$maU OmZH$a VÎdkmZ Ûmam CZH$m Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&&8Ÿ&&
J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z Am¡a Hw$Jwé Ho$ bjU
Omo Hw$Jwé Hw$Xod Hw$Y_© god, nmof¢ {Ma Xe©Z_moh EdŸ&
A§Va amJm{XH$ Ya¢ Ooh, ~mha YZ Aå~aV¢ gZohŸ&&9Ÿ&&
JmWm 10 (nydm©Õ)©
Yma¢ Hw$qbJ b{h _hV ^md, Vo Hw$Jwé OÝ_Ob CnbZmd;
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo) Omoo (Hw$Jwé) {_Ï`m Jwé H$s (Hw$Xod) {_Ï`mXod H$s
Am¡a (Hw$Y_©) {_Ï`m Y_© H$s (god) godm H$aVm h¡, dh ({Ma) A{V XrK©H$mb
VH$ (Xe©Z_moh) {_Ï`mXe©Z (Ed) hr (nmof¢) nmofVm h¡Ÿ& (Ooh) Omo
20
Xygar T>mb 31
(A§Va) A§Va _| (amJm{XH$) {_Ï`mËd-amJ-Ûof Am{X (Ya¢) YmaU H$aVm h¡
Am¡a (~mha) ~mø _| (YZ Aå~aV¢) YZ VWm dóm{X go (ñZoh) ào_ aIVm h¡
VWm (_hV ^md) _hmË_mnZo H$m ^md (b{h) J«hU H$aHo$ (Hw$qbJ) {_Ï`mdofm|
H$mo (Yma¢) YmaU H$aVm h¡, dh (Hw$Jwé) Hw$Jwé H$hbmVm h¡ Am¡a dh Hw$Jwé
(OÝ_Ob) g§gmaê$nr g_wÐ _| (CnbZmd) nËWa H$s Zm¡H$m g_mZ h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod Am¡a Hw$Y_© H$s godm H$aZo go XrK©H$mb VH$
{_Ï`mËd H$m hr nmofU hmoVm h¡ AWm©V² Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod Am¡a Hw$Y_© H$m godZ hr
J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
n[aJ«h Xmo àH$ma H$m h¡ - EH$ A§Va§J Am¡a Xygam ~{ha§JŸ& {_Ï`mËd,
amJ-Ûofm{X A§Va§J n[aJ«h h¢ Am¡a dó, nmÌ, YZ, _H$mZm{X ~{ha§J n[aJ«h
h¢Ÿ& dóm{X g{hV hmoZo na ^r AnZo H$mo {OZqbJYmar _mZVo h¢, do Hw$Jwé h¢Ÿ&
""{OZ_mJ© _| VrZ qbJ Vmo lÕmnyd©H$ h¢Ÿ& EH$ Vmo {OZñdê$n-{ZJ«ªW {XJ§~a
_w { ZqbJ, Xy g am CËH¥ $ ï> lmdH$ê$n Xgdt-½`mahdt à{V_mYmar
lmdH$qbJ Am¡a Vrgam Am{`©H$mAm| H$m ê$n - `h {ó`m| H$m [§b§J, BZ
VrZ Ho$ A{V[aº$ H$moB© Mm¡Wm qbJ gå`½Xe©Zñdê$n Zht h¡; Bg{b`o BZ
VrZ Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` qbJm| H$mo Omo _mZVm h¡, Cgo {OZ_V H$s lÕm Zht h¡,
{H$ÝVw dh {_Ï`mÑ{ï> h¡Ÿ& (Xe©ZnmhþS> JmWm 18)'' Bg{b`o Omo Hw$qbJ Ho$
YmaH$ h¢, {_Ï`mËdm{X A§Va§J VWm dóm{X ~{ha§J n[aJ«h g{hV h¢, AnZo
H$mo _w{Z _mZVo h¢, _ZmVo h¢, do Hw$Jwé h¢Ÿ& {OgàH$ma nËWa H$r Zm¡H$m Sy>~
OmVr h¡ VWm Cg_| ~¡R>Zo dmbo ^r Sy>~Vo h¢; CgràH$ma Hw$Jwé ^r ñd`§ g§gma-
g_wÐ _| Sy>~Vo h¢ Am¡a CZH$s d§XZm VWm godm-^{º$ H$aZodmbo ^r AZ§V
g§gma _| Sy>~Vo h¢ AWm©V² Hw$Jwé H$s lÕm, ^{º$, nyOm, {dZ` VWm AZw_moXZm
H$aZo go J¥hrV {_Ï`mËd H$m godZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo Ord AZ§VH$mb VH$
^d-^«_U H$aVm h¡Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
JmWm 10 (CÎmamÕ©)
Hw$Xod ({_Ï`mXod) H$m ñdê$n
Omo amJ-Ûof _bH$[a _brZ, d{ZVm JXm{XOwV {M• MrZŸ&&10Ÿ&&
32 N>hT>mbm Xygar T>mb 33

JmWm 11 (nydm©Y©) AÝd`mW© …- (amJm{X ^mdqhgm) amJ-Ûof Am{X ^mdqhgm (g_oV)

Hw$Xod ({_Ï`mXod) H$m ñdê$n g{hV VWm (Ìg-Wmda) Ìg Am¡a ñWmda (_aU IoV) _aU H$m ñWmZ (Ð{dV)
Vo h¢ Hw$Xod {VZH$s Ow god, eR> H$aV Z {VZ ^d^«_U N>odŸ& Ðì`qhgm (g_oV) g{hV (Oo) Omo ({H«$`m) {H«$`mE± [h¢] ({VÝh¢) CÝh| (Hw$Y_©)
{_Ï`mY_© (OmZhþ) OmZZm Mm{hEŸ& ({VZ) CZH$r (gaY¡) lÕm H$aZo go
AÝd`mW© …- (Oo) Omoo (amJ-Ûof _bH$[a _brZ) amJ-Ûofê$nr _¡b
(Ord) AmË_m-àmUr (bh¡ Ae_©) Xw…I nmVo h¢Ÿ& (`mHy±$) Bg Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod
go _{bZ h¢ Am¡a (d{ZVm) ór (JXm{X OwV) JXm Am{X g{hV ({M• MrZ)
Am¡a Hw$Y_© H$m lÕmZ H$aZo H$mo (J¥hrV {_Ï`mËd) J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z OmZZm,
{M•m| go n{hMmZo OmVo h¢ (Vo) do (Hw$Xod) PyR>o Xod h¢, ({VZH$s) CZ Hw$Xodm|
(A~ J¥hrV) A~ J¥hrV (AkmZ) {_Ï`mkmZ (Omo h¡) {Ogo H$hm OmVm h¡,
H$s (Ow) Omo (eR>) _yI© (god H$aV) godm H$aVo h¢, ({VZ) CZH$m
CgH$m dU©Z (gwZ) gwZmoŸ&
(^d^«_U) g§gma _| ^«_U H$aZm (Z N>od) Zht {_Q>VmŸ&
^mdmW© …- {Og Y_© _| {_Ï`mËd VWm amJm{Xê$n ^mdqhgm Am¡a Ìg VWm
^mdmW© …- Omo amJ Am¡a Ûofê$nr _¡b go _{bZ (amJr-Ûofr) h¢ Am¡a
ñWmda Ordm| Ho$ KmVê$n Ðì`qhgm H$mo Y_© _mZm OmVm h¡, Cgo Hw$Y_© H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ór, JXm, Am^yfU Am{X {M•m| go {OZH$mo n{hMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡, do
Omo Ord Cg Hw$Y_© H$s lÕm H$aVm h¡, dh Xw…I àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo {_Ï`m Jwé,
"Hw$Xod'1 H$ho OmVo h¢Ÿ& Omo AkmZr Eogo Hw$Xodm| H$s godm (nyOm, ^{º$ Am¡a
Xod Am¡a Y_© H$s lÕm H$aZm, Cgo ""J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z'' H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dh namonXoe
{dZ`) H$aVo h¢, do Bg g§gma H$m AÝV Zht H$a gH$Vo AWm©V² AZÝVH$mb
Am{X ~mø H$maU Ho$ Aml` go J«hU {H$`m OmVm h¡, Bg{b`o ""J¥hrV'' H$hbmVm
VH$ CZH$m ^d^«_U Zht {_Q>VmŸ&&10Ÿ&&
h¡Ÿ& A~ J¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ H$m dU©Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
JmWm 11 (CÎmamÕ©)
J¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ H$m bjU
Hw$Y_© Am¡a J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z H$m g§{já bjU
amJm{X ^mdqhgm g_oV, X{d©V Ìg Wmda _aU IoVŸ&&11Ÿ&& EH$mÝVdmX-Xy{fV g_ñV, {df`m{XH$ nmofH$ AàeñV;
Oo {H«$`m {VÝh¢ OmZhþ Hw$Y_©, {VZ gaY¡ Ord bh¡ Ae_©Ÿ& amJr Hw$_V{ZH¥$V lwVmä`mg, gmo h¡ Hw$~moY ~hþ XoZ ÌmgŸ&&13Ÿ&&
`mHy$± J¥hrV {_Ï`mËd OmZ, A~ gwZ J¥hrV Omo h¡ AkmZŸ&&12Ÿ&&

AÝd`mW© …- (EH$mÝVdmX) EH$mÝVê$n H$WZ go (Xy{fV) {_Ï`m [Am¡a]

1. gwXod - A[ah§V na_oð>r; Xod - ^dZdmgr, ì`§Va, Á`mo{Vfr Am¡a d¡_m{ZH$, Hw$Xod -
h[a, ha erVbm{X; AXod - nrnb, Vwbgr, bH$‹S>~m~m Am{X H$pënV Xod, Omo H$moB©
({df`m{XH$) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df` Am{X H$s (nmofH$) nw{ï> H$aZodmbo
^r gamJr Xod-Xodr h¢, do dÝXZ-nyOZ Ho$ `mo½` Zht h¢Ÿ& (amJr Hw$_V{ZH¥$V) amJr Hw$_{V Am{X Ho$ aMo hþE (AàeñV) {_Ï`m (g_ñV)
21
34 N>hT>mbm Xygar T>mb 35

g_ñV (lwV) emóm| H$mo (Aä`mg) n‹T>Zm-n‹T>mZm, gwZZm Am¡a gwZmZm (gmo) eara H$mo H$ï> XoZodmbr (AmV_ AZmË_ Ho$) AmË_m Am¡a nadñVwAm| Ho$
dh (Hw$~moY) {_Ï`mkmZ [h¡; dh] (~hþ) ~hþV (Ìmg) Xw…I H$mo (XoZ) XoZo (kmZhrZ) ^oXkmZ go a{hV (VZ) eara H$mo (N>rZ) jrU (H$aZ) H$aZodmbr
dmbm h¡Ÿ& ({d{dY {dY) AZoH$ àH$ma H$s (Oo Oo H$aZr) Omo-Omo {H«$`mE± h¢, do g~
^mdmW© …- (1) dñVw AZoH$ Y_m©Ë_H$ h¡; Cg_| go {H$gr ^r EH$ hr ({_Ï`mMm[aÌ) {_Ï`mMm[aÌ h¢Ÿ&
Y_© H$mo nyU© dñVw H$hZo Ho$ H$maU go Xy{fV ({_Ï`m) VWm {df`-H$fm`m{X ^mdmW© …- eara Am¡a AmË_m H$m ^oX{dkmZ Z hmoZo go Omo `e, YZ-
H$s nw{ï> H$aZo dmbo Hw$JwéAmo| Ho$ aMo hþE gd© àH$ma Ho$ {_Ï`m emóm| H$mo gån{Îm, AmXa-gËH$ma Am{X H$s BÀN>m go _mZm{X H$fm` Ho$ der^yV hmoH$a
Y_©~{w Õ go {bIZm-{bImZm, n‹T>Zm-n‹T>mZm, gwZZm Am¡a gwZmZm; Cgo J¥hrV eara H$mo jrU H$aZodmbr AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {H«$`mE± H$aVm h¡, Cgo ""J¥hrV
{_Ï`mkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& {_Ï`mMm[aÌ'' H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
(2) Omo emó OJV _| gd©Wm {ZË`, EH$, AÛ¡V Am¡a gd©ì`mnH$ {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Ho$ Ë`mJ H$m VWm AmË_{hV _| bJZo H$m CnXoe
~«÷_mÌ dñVw h¡, AÝ` H$moB© nXmW© Zht h¡ - Eogm dU©Z H$aVm h¡, dh emó
Vo g~ {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Ë`mJ, A~ AmV_ Ho$ {hV n§W bmJŸ&
EH$mÝVdmX go Xy{fV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU Hw$emó h¡Ÿ&
OJOmb-^«_U H$mo Xohþ Ë`mJ, A~ Xm¡bV! {ZO AmV_ gwnmJŸ&&15Ÿ&&
(3) dñVw H$mo gd©Wm j{UH$-A{ZË` ~Vbm`|, AWdm (4) JwU-JwUr
gd©Wm {^Þ h¢, {H$gr JwU Ho$ g§`moJ go dñVw h¡ - Eogm H$WZ H$a| AWdm (5)
OJV H$m H$moB© H$Vm©-hVm© VWm {Z`§Vm h¡ - Eogm dU©Z H$a|, AWdm (6)
X`m, XmZ, _hmd«Vm{XH$ ew^ amJ; Omo {H$ nwÊ`mòd h¡, naml` h¡, Cggo
VWm gmYw H$mo Amhma XoZo Ho$ ew^^md go g§gma n[aV (Aën, _`m©{XV) hmoZm
~Vbm`| VWm CnXoe XoZo Ho$ ew^^md go na_mW©ê$n Y_© hmoVm h¡ - BË`m{X
AÝ` Y{_©`m| Ho$ J«ÝWm| _| Omo {dnarV H$WZ h¢, do EH$mÝV Am¡a AàeñV hmoZo
Ho$ H$maU Hw$emó h¢; Š`m|{H$ CZ_| à`moOZ^yV gmV VÎdm| H$s `WmW©Vm Zht
h¡Ÿ& Ohm± EH$ VÎd H$s ^yb hmo, dhm± gmVm| VÎd H$s ^yb hmoVr hr h¡ - Eogm
g_PZm Mm{hEŸ&
J¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$m bjU
Omo »`m{V bm^ nyOm{X Mmh, Y[a H$aZ {d{dY {dY XohXmhŸ&
AmV_ AZmË_ Ho$ kmZhrZ, Oo Oo H$aZr VZ H$aZ N>rZŸ&&14Ÿ&& AÝd`mW© …- (Vo) Cg (g~) g_ñV ({_Ï`mMm[aÌ) {_Ï`mMm[aÌ
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo) Omoo (»`m{V) à{g{Õ (bm^) bm^ VWm (nyOm{X) H$mo (Ë`mJ) N>mo‹S>H$a (A~) A~ (AmV_ Ho$) AmË_m Ho$ ({hV) H$ë`mU
_mÝ`Vm Am¡a AmXa-gÝ_mZ Am{X H$s (Mmh Y[a) BÀN>m H$aHo$ (XohXmh) Ho$ (n§W) _mJ© _| (bmJ) bJ OmAmo, (OJOmb) g§gmaê$nr Omb _|
22
36 N>hT>mbm
(^«_U H$mo) ^Q>H$Zm (Xohþ Ë`mJ) N>mo‹S> Xmo, (Xm¡bV) ho Xm¡bVam_! ({ZO
AmV_) AnZo AmË_m _| (A~) A~ (gwnmJ) ^br^m±{V brZ hmo OmAmoŸ&
^mdmW© …- AmË_{hV¡fr Ord H$mo {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ J«hU
H$aHo$ J¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ VWm AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ
H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$ AmË_H$ë`mU Ho$ _mJ© _| bJZm Mm{hEŸ& lr npÊS>V
Xm¡bVam_Or AnZr AmË_m H$mo gå~moYZ H$aHo$ H$hVo h¢ {H$ - ho AmË_Z²!
naml`ê$n g§gma AWm©V² nwÊ`-nmn _| ^Q>H$Zm N>mo‹S>H$a gmdYmZr go
AmË_ñdê$n _| brZ hmoŸ&
Xygar T>mb H$m gmam§e
(1) `h Ord {_Ï`mXe©Z, {_Ï`mkmZ Am¡a {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Ho$ de hmoH$a
Mma J{V`m| _| n[a^«_U H$aHo$ à{Vg_` AZÝV Xw…I ^moJ ahm h¡Ÿ& O~ VH$
Xohm{X go {^Þ AnZo AmË_m H$s gÀMr àVr{V VWm amJm{X H$m A^md Z H$ao,
V~ VH$ gwI-empÝV Am¡a AmË_m H$m CÕma Zht hmo gH$VmŸ&
(2) AmË_{hV Ho$ {bE (gwIr hmoZo Ho$ {bE) àW_ (1) gÀMo Xod, Jwé
Am¡a Y_© H$s `WmW© àVr{V, (2) Ordm{X gmV VÎdm| H$s `WmW© àVr{V,
(3) ñd-na Ho$ ñdê$n H$s lÕm, (4) {ZO ewÕmË_m Ho$ à{V^mgê$n AmË_m
H$s lÕm - BZ Mma bjUm| Ho$ A{dZm^md g{hV gË` lÕm ({ZíM`
gå`½Xe©Z) O~VH$ Ord àH$Q> Z H$ao, V~ VH$ Ord (AmË_m) H$m CÕma
Zht hmo gH$Vm AWm©V² Y_© H$m àmaå^ ^r Zht hmo gH$Vm; Am¡a V~ VH$
AmË_m H$mo A§e_mÌ ^r gwI àH$Q> Zht hmoVmŸ&
(3) gmV VÎdm| H$s {_Ï`mlÕm H$aZm, Cgo {_Ï`mXe©Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ& AnZo
ñdV§Ì ñdê$n H$s ^yb H$m H$maU AmË_ñdê$n _| {dnarV lÕm hmoZo go
kmZmdaUr`m{X Ðì`H$_©, earam{X ZmoH$_© VWm nwÊ`-nmn-amJm{X _{bZ ^mdm|
_| EH$Vm~w{Õ-H$Vm©~{w Õ h¡ Am¡a Bg{b`o ew^amJ VWm nwÊ` {hVH$a h¡, earam{X
nanXmWm] H$s AdñWm ({H«$`m) _¢ H$a gH$Vm hÿ,± na _wPo bm^-hm{Z H$a gH$Vm
h¡ VWm _¢ na H$m Hw$N> H$a gH$Vm hÿ± - Eogr _mÝ`Vm Ho$ H$maU Cgo gV²-AgV²
23
Xygar T>mb 37
H$m {ddoH$ hmoVm hr ZhtŸ& gƒm gwI VWm {hVê$n lÕm-kmZ-Mm[aÌ AnZo
AmË_m Ho$ hr Aml` go hmoVo h¢, Bg ~mV H$s ^r Cgo I~a Zht hmoVrŸ&
(4) nwZíM, Hw$Xod-Hw$Jwé-Hw$emó Am¡a Hw$Y_© H$s lÕm, nyOm, godm
VWm {dZ` H$aZo H$s Omo-Omo àd¥{Îm h¡, dh AnZo {_Ï`mËdm{X _hmZ Xmofm| H$mo
nmofU XoZodmbr hmoZo go Xw…IXm`H$ h¡, AZÝV g§gma-^«_U H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ& Omo
Ord CgH$m godZ H$aVm h¡, Cgo H$V©ì` g_PVm h¡, dh Xwb©^ _Zwî`-OrdZ
H$mo Zï> H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
(5) AJ¥hrV {_Ï`mXe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ Ord H$mo AZm{XH$mb go hmoVo h¢,
{\$a dh _Zwî` hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Hw$emó H$m Aä`mg H$aHo$ AWdm Hw$Jwé H$m
CnXoe ñdrH$ma H$aHo$ J¥hrV {_Ï`mkmZ-{_Ï`mlÕm YmaU H$aVm h¡ VWm
Hw$_V H$m AZwgaU H$aHo$ {_Ï`m{H«$`m H$aVm h¡, dh J¥hrV {_Ï`mMm[aÌ h¡Ÿ&
Bg{b`o Ord H$mo ^br^m±{V gmdYmZ hmoH$a J¥hrV VWm AJ¥hrV - XmoZm|
àH$ma Ho$ {_Ï`m^md N>mo‹S>Zo `mo½` h¢ VWm CZH$m `WmW© {ZU©` H$aHo$ {ZíM`
gå`½Xe©Z àH$Q> H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& {_Ï`m^mdm| H$m godZ H$a-H$aHo$, g§gma _|
^Q>H$H$a, AZÝV OÝ_ YmaU H$aHo$ AZÝVH$mb J±dm {X`m; Bg{b`o A~
gmdYmZ hmoH$a AmË_moÕma H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
Xygar T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
BpÝÐ`{df` …- ñne©, ag, J§Y, dU© Am¡a eãXŸ&
VÎd …- Ord, AOrd, Amòd, ~§Y, g§da, {ZO©am Am¡a _mojŸ&
Ðì` …- Ord, nwX²Jb, Y_©, AY_©, AmH$me Am¡a H$mbŸ&
{_Ï`mXe©Z …- J¥hrV, AJ¥hrVŸ&
{_Ï`mkmZ …- J¥hrV (~møH$maU àmá), AJ¥hrV ({ZgJ©O)Ÿ&
{_Ï`mMm[aÌ …-J¥hrV Am¡a AJ¥hrVŸ&
38 N>hT>mbm Xygar T>mb 39

_hmXw…I …- ñdê$n gå~ÝYr AkmZ, {_Ï`mËdŸ& AÝVa-àXe©Z

Xygar T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h (1) AmË_m Am¡a Ord _| H$moB© AÝVa Zht h¡, n`m©`dmMH$ eãX h¢Ÿ&
AZoH$mÝV …- àË`oH$ dñVw _| dñVwnZo H$mo à_m{UV-{ZpíMV H$aZodmbr (2) AJ¥hrV ({ZgJ©O) Vmo CnXoem{XH$ Ho$ {Z{_Îm {~Zm hmoVm h¡, naÝVw
ApñVËd-ZmpñVËd Am{X nañna-{déÕ Xmo e{º$`m| H$m EH$ J¥hrV _| CnXoem{X {Z{_Îm hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
gmW àH$m{eV hmoZmŸ& (AmË_m gX¡d ñd-ê$n go h¡ Am¡a
(3) {_Ï`mËd Am¡a {_Ï`mXe©Z _| H$moB© AÝVa Zht h¡; _mÌ XmoZm| n`m©`dmMH$
na-ê$n go Zht h¡ - Eogr Omo Ñ{ï>, dh AZoH$mÝVÑ{ï> h¡)Ÿ&
eãX h¢Ÿ&
A_y{V©H$ …- ê$n, ag, J§Y Am¡a ñne©a{hV dñVwŸ&
(4) gwJwé _| {_Ï`mËdm{X Xmof Zht hmoVo, {H$ÝVw Hw$Jwé _| hmoVo h¢Ÿ& {dÚmJwé
AmË_m …- OmZZo-XoIZo AWdm kmZ-Xe©Z e{º$dmbr dñVw H$mo AmË_m
Vmo gwJwé Am¡a Hw$Jwé go {^Þ ì`{º$ h¢Ÿ& _moj_mJ© Ho$ àg§J _| Vmo
H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& Omo gXm OmZo Am¡a OmZZo ê$n n[aU{_V hmo,
_moj_mJ© Ho$ àXe©H$ gwJwé go VmËn`© h¡Ÿ&
Cgo Ord AWdm AmË_m H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Cn`moJ …- Ord H$s kmZ-Xe©Z AWdm OmZZo-XoIZo H$s e{º$ H$m Xygar T>mb H$s àíZmdbr
ì`mnmaŸ& (1) AJ¥hrV-{_Ï`mMm[aÌ, AJ¥hrV-{_Ï`mkmZ, AJ¥hrV-{_Ï`mXe©Z,
EH$mÝVdmX …- AZoH$ Y_m] H$s gÎmm H$s Anojm Z aIH$a dñVw H$m EH$ hr Hw$Xod, Hw$Jwé, Hw$Y_©, J¥hrV-{_Ï`mXe©Z, J¥hrV-{_Ï`mkmZ, J¥hrV-
ê$n go {Zê$nU H$aZmŸ& {_Ï`mMm[aÌ, Ordm{X N>h Ðì` - BZ g~H$m bjU ~VbmAmoŸ&
Xe©Z_moh …- AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$s {dnarV lÕmŸ& (2) {_Ï`mËd Am¡a {_Ï`mXe©Z _|, AJ¥hrV Am¡a J¥hrV _|, AmË_m Am¡a Ord
Ðì`qhgm …- Ìg Am¡a ñWmda àm{U`m| H$m KmV H$aZmŸ& _| VWm gwJwé, Hw$Jwé Am¡a {dÚm Jwé _| Š`m AÝVa h¡? dh ~VbmAmoŸ&
^mdqhgm1 …- {_Ï`mËd VWm amJ-Ûofm{X {dH$mam| H$s CËn{ÎmŸ& (3) AJ¥hrV H$m Zm_mÝVa, AmË_{hV H$m _mJ©, EHo$pÝÐ` H$mo kmZ Z _mZZo
{_Ï`mXe©Z …- Ordm{X VÎdm| H$s {dnarV lÕmŸ& go hm{Z, Hw$Xodm{X H$s godm go hm{Z; Xygar T>mb _| H$hr hþB© dmñV{dH$Vm,
_¥Ë`wH$mb _| Ord {ZH$bVo hþE {XImB© Zht XoVm, CgH$m H$maU;
_y{V©H$ …- ê$n, ag, JÝY Am¡a ñne©g{hV dñVwŸ&
{_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$s é{M, {_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$s Aé{M, {_Ï`mXe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ
1. AàmXw^m©d… Ibw amJmXrZm§ ^dË`qhgo{VŸ& H$s gÎmm H$m H$mb; {_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$mo Xw…I XoZodmbr dñVw, {_Ï`m-
Vofm_odmoËn{Îm{hªgo{V {OZmJ_ñ` g§jon…Ÿ&&44Ÿ&& (nwéfmW©{gÕ>çwnm`)
AW© …- dmñVd _| amJm{X ^mdm| H$m àH$Q> Z hmoZm, gmo Aqhgm h¢ Am¡a amJm{X ^mdm| H$s Ym{_©H$ H$m`© H$aZo-H$amZo d Cg_| gå_V hmoZo go hm{Z VWm gmV VÎdm|
CËn{Îm hmoZm gmo qhgm h¡ - Eogm {OZmJ_ emó H$m g§{já ahñ` h¡Ÿ& H$s {dnarV lÕm Ho$ àH$mam{X H$m ñnï> dU©Z H$amoŸ&
24
40 N>hT>mbm Xygar T>mb 41

(4) AmË_{hV, AmË_e{º$ H$m {dñ_aU, J¥hrV {_Ï`mËd, OrdVÎd H$s

n{hMmZ Z hmoZo _| {H$gH$m Xmof h¡, VÎd H$m à`moOZ, Xw…I, _mojgwI
H$s Aàm{á Am¡a g§gma-n[a^«_U Ho$ H$maU Xem©AmoŸ&
Vrgar T>mb
(5) {_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$m AmË_m, OÝ_ Am¡a _aU, H$ï>Xm`H$ dñVw Am{X gå~ÝYr
{dMma àH$Q> H$amoŸ& ZaoÝÐ N>ÝX (OmoJramgm)
(6) Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod Am¡a {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Am{X Ho$ Ñï>mÝV XmoŸ& AmË_{hVê$n AmË_{hV, gƒm gwI VWm Xmo àH$ma go _moj_mJ© H$m H$WZ
Y_© Ho$ {bE àW_ ì`dhma `m {ZíM`? AmV_ H$mo {hV h¡ gwI gmo gwI AmHw$bVm {~Z H${h`oŸ&
(7) Hw$Jwé VWm Hw$Y_© H$m godZ Am¡a amJm{X^md Am{X H$m \$b ~VbmAmoŸ& AmHw$bVm {ed_m§{h Z VmV¢, {ed_J bm½`mo M{h`oŸ&&
{_Ï`mËd na EH$ boI {bImoŸ& AZoH$mÝV Š`m h¡? amJ Vmo ~mYH$ hr h¡, gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-MaZ {ed _J, gmo {Û{dY {dMmamoŸ&
VWm{n ì`dhma _moj_mJ© H$mo (ew^amJ H$m) {ZíM` H$m hoVw Š`m| H$hm h¡? Omo gË`maW-ê$n gmo {ZíM`, H$maU gmo ì`dhmamoŸ&&1Ÿ&&
(8) A_wH$ eãX, MaU AWdm N>ÝX H$m AW© Am¡a ^mdmW© ~VbmAmoŸ& Xygar
T>mb H$m gmam§e g_PmAmoŸ&

ho {OZ Voamo gwOg COmJa JmdV h¢ _w{ZOZ kmZrŸ&&Q>oH$Ÿ&&

XwO©` _moh _hm^Q> OmZo {ZO dg H$sZo h¢ OJ àmZrŸ&
gmo Vw_ Ü`mZ H¥$nmZ nmZ Jqh VV² {N>Z VmH$s {W{V hmZrŸ&&1Ÿ&&
gwá AZm{X A{dÚm {ZÐm {OZ OZ {ZO gw{Y {~gamZrŸ&
h²d¡ gMoV {VZ {ZO {Z{Y nmB© ldU gwZr O~ Vw_ dmZrŸ&&2Ÿ&&
_§Jb_` Vy OJ _| CÎm_, Vy hr eaU {ed_J XmZrŸ&
Vw_ nX godm na_ Am¡f{Y OÝ_-Oam-_¥V JX hm{ZŸ&&3Ÿ&&
Vw_ao n§MH$ë`mUH$ _mht {Ì^wdZ _moh Xem hmZrŸ&
{dîUw {dXmå~a {OîUw {XJå~a ~wY {ed H${h Ü`mdV Ü`mZrŸ&&4Ÿ&&
gd© Xd© JwU n[aO` n[aU{V, Vw_ gw~moY _| Zqh N>mZrŸ&
VmV| "Xm¡b' Xmg Ca Amem àH$Q> H$ar {ZO ag gmZrŸ&&5Ÿ&&
25
42 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- (AmV_ H$mo) AmË_m H$m ({hV) H$ë`mU (h¡) h¡ (gwI)
gwI H$s àm{á, (gmo gwI) dh gwI (AmHw$bVm {~Z) AmHw$bVm a{hV (H${h`o)
H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& (AmHw$bVm) AmHw$bVm ({ed_mqh) _moj _| (Z) Zht h¡
(VmV¢) Bg{b`o ({ed_J) _moj_mJ© _| (bm½`mo) bJZm (M{h`o) Mm{hEŸ&
(gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-MaZ) gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ BZ VrZm| H$s EH$Vm ê$n
({ed_J) Omo _moj H$m _mJ© h¡Ÿ& (gmo) Cg _moj_mJ© H$m ({Û{dY) Xmo àH$ma go
({dMmamo) {dMma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ (Omo) Omo (gË`maW ê$n) dmñV{dH$
ñdê$n h¡ (gmo) dh ({ZíM`) {ZíM`-_moj_mJ© h¡ Am¡a (H$maU) Omo {ZíM`-
_moj_mJ© H$m {Z{_ÎmH$maU h¡ (gmo) Cgo (ì`dhmamo) ì`dhma-_moj_mJ© H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) gå`ŠMm[aÌ {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZnyd©H$ hr hmoVm
h¡Ÿ& Ord H$mo {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ gmW hr gå`H²$ ^mdlwVkmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
Am¡a {ZíM`Z` VWm ì`dhmaZ` `o XmoZm| gå`H²$ lwVkmZ Ho$ Ad`d (A§e)
h¢; Bg{b`o {_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$mo {ZíM` `m ì`dhmaZ` hmo hr Zht gH$Vo; Bg{b`o
""ì`dhma àW_ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {ZíM`Z` ~mX _| àH$Q> hmoVm h¡'' - Eogm
_mZZodmbo H$mo Z`m| Ho$ ñdê$n H$m `WmW© kmZ Zht h¡Ÿ&
(2) VWm Z` {Zanoj Zht hmoVoŸ& {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z àH$Q> hmoZo go nyd©
`{X ì`dhmaZ` hmo Vmo {ZíM`Z` H$s Anojm a{hV {ZanojZ` hþAm; Am¡a
`{X nhbo AHo$bm ì`dhmaZ` hmo Vmo AkmZXem _| gå`J²Z` _mZZm n‹S>oJm;
{H$ÝVw ""{Zanojm Z`m… {_Ï`m gmnojm dñVw Vo@W©H$¥ V'' (Amá_r_m§gm íbmoH$-
108) Eogm AmJ_ H$m dMZ h¡; Bg{b`o AkmZXem _| {H$gr Ord H$mo
ì`dhmaZ` Zht hmo gH$Vm, {H$ÝVw ì`dhmam^mg AWdm {ZíM`m^mgê$n
{_Ï`mZ` hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
(3) Ord {ZO km`H$ñd^md Ho$ Aml` Ûmam {ZíM` aËZÌ` (_moj_mJ©)
àH$Q> H$ao, V~ gd©kH${WV gá VÎd, gÀMo Xod-Jwé-emó H$s lÕm gå~ÝYr
amJ{_{lV {dMma VWm _ÝXH$fm`ê$n ew^^md-Omo {H$ Cg Ord H$mo nydH© $mb
_| Wm, Cgo ^yVZ¡J_Z` go ì`dhmaH$maU H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& (na_mË_àH$me-
26
Vrgar T>mb 43
AÜ`m` 2, JmWm 14 H$s Q>rH$m)Ÿ& VWm Cgr Ord H$mo {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z H$s
^y{_H$m _| ew^amJ Am¡a {Z{_Îm {H$g àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZH$m ghManZm
~VbmZo Ho$ {bE dV©_mZ ew^amJ H$mo ì`dhma _moj_mJ© H$hm h¡Ÿ& Eogm H$hZo
H$m H$maU `h h¡ {H$ Cggo {^Þ àH$ma Ho$ ({déÕ) {Z{_Îm Cg Xem _| {H$gr
H$mo hmo Zht gH$VoŸ& - BgàH$ma {Z{_Îm-ì`dhma hmoVm h¡, VWm{n dh `WmW©
H$maU Zht h¡Ÿ&
(4) AmË_m ñd`§ hr gwIñdê$n h¡, Bg{b`o AmË_m Ho$ Aml` go hr
gwI àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw {H$gr {Z{_Îm `m ì`dhma Ho$ Aml` go gwI
àH$Q> Zht hmo gH$VmŸ&
(5) _moj_mJ© Vmo EH$ hr h¡, dh {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ H$s
EH$Vmê$n h¡Ÿ& (àdMZgma, JmWm 82-199 VWm _moj_mJ© àH$meH$, Xohbr,
n¥ð> 462)Ÿ&
(6) A~, ""_moj_mJ© Vmo H$ht Xmo Zht h¢, {H$ÝVw _moj_mJ© H$m {Zê$nU
Xmo àH$ma go h¡Ÿ& Ohm± _moj_mJ© Ho$ ê$n _| gƒo _moj_mJ© H$s àê$nUm H$s h¡,
dh {ZíM` _moj_mJ© h¡; VWm Ohm±, Omo _moj_mJ© Vmo Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw _moj_mJ©
H$m {Z{_Îm h¡ AWdm ghMmar h¡, dhm± Cgo CnMma go _moj_mJ© H$h| Vmo dh
ì`dhma _moj_mJ© h¡; Š`m|{H$ {ZíM`-ì`dhma H$m gd©Ì Eogm hr bjU h¡
AWm©V² `WmW© {Zê$nU dh {ZíM` Am¡a CnMma {Zê$nU dh ì`dhma; Bg{b`o
{Zê$nU H$s Anojm go Xmo àH$ma H$m _moj_mJ© OmZZm; {H$ÝVw EH$ {ZíM`
_moj_mJ© h¡ Am¡a Xygam ì`dhma _moj_mJ© h¡ - BgàH$ma Xmo _moj_mJ© _mZZm
{_Ï`m h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$, Xohbr, n¥ð> 365-366)
{ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ H$m ñdê$n
naÐì`ZV¢ {^Þ Amn_|, é{M gå`ŠËd ^bm h¡Ÿ&
Amnê$n H$mo OmZnZm|, gmo gå`½kmZ H$bm h¡Ÿ&&
Amnê$n _| brZ aho {Wa, gå`H²Mm[aV gmoB©Ÿ&
A~ ì`dhma _moj_J gw{Z`o, hoVw {Z`V H$mo hmoBŸ© &&2Ÿ&&
44 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- (Amn _|) AmË_m _| (naÐì`ZV¢) nadñVwAm| go ({^Þ)
{^ÞËd H$s (é{M) lÕm H$aZm gmo, (^bm) {ZíM` (gå`ŠËd) gå`½Xe©Z
h¡; (Amnê$n H$mo) AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo (naÐì`ZV¢ {^Þ) naÐì`m| go {^Þ
(OmZnZm|) OmZZm (gmo) dh (gå`½kmZ) {ZíM` gå`½kmZ (H$bm) àH$me
(h¡) h¡Ÿ& (naÐì`ZV¢ {^Þ) naÐì`m| go {^Þ Eogo (Amnê$n _|) AmË_ñdê$n
_| ({Wa) pñWaVmnyd©H$ (brZ aho) brZ hmoZm gmo (gå`H²$ Mm[aV) {ZíM`
gå`ŠMm[aÌ (gmoB©) h¡Ÿ& (A~) A~ (ì`dhma _moj_J) ì`dhma-_moj_mJ©
(gw{Z`o) gwZmo {H$ Omo ì`dhma _moj_mJ© ({Z`V H$mo) {ZíM`-_moj_mJ© H$m
(hoVw) {Z{_ÎmH$maU (hmoB©) h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- na nXmWm] go {ÌH$mb {^Þ Eogo {ZO-AmË_m H$m AQ>b
{dídmg H$aZm, Cgo {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z H$hVo h¢Ÿ& AmË_m H$mo nadñVwAm| go
{^Þ OmZZm (kmZ H$aZm) Cgo {ZíM` gå`½kmZ H$hm OmVm h¡ VWm naÐì`m|
H$m Ambå~Z N>mo‹S>H$a AmË_ñdê$n _| EH$mJ«Vm go _½Z hmoZm dh {ZíM`
gå`ŠMm[aÌ (`WmW© AmMaU) H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& A~ AmJo ì`dhma-_moj_mJ©
H$m H$WZ H$aVo h¢; Š`m|{H$ O~ {ZíM`-_moj_mJ© hmo, V~ ì`dhma-_moj_mJ©
{Z{_Îmê$n _| H¡$go hmoVm h¡, dh OmZZm Mm{h`oŸ&
ì`dhma gå`ŠËd (gå`½Xe©Z) H$m ñdê$n
Ord AOrd VÎd Aé Amòd, ~ÝY é g§da OmZmoŸ&
{ZO©a _moj H$ho {OZ {VZH$mo, Á`m| H$m Ë`m| gaYmZm¡Ÿ&&
27
Vrgar T>mb 45
h¡ gmoB© g_{H$V ì`dhmar, A~ BZ ê$n ~ImZmoŸ&
{VZH$mo gwZ gm_mÝ` {deof,¢ {X‹T> àVrV Ca AmZmoŸ&&3Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- ({OZ) {OZoÝÐXod Zo (Ord) Ord, (AOrd) AOrd,
(Amòd) Amòd, (~ÝY) ~ÝY, (g§da) g§da, ({ZO©a) {ZO©am, (Aé)
Am¡a (_moj) _moj, (VÎd) `o gmV VÎd (H$ho) H$ho h¢; ({VZH$mo) CZ
g~H$s (Á`m| H$m Ë`m|) `WmdV² `WmW©ê$n go (gaYmZmo) lÕm H$amoŸ& (gmoB©)
BgàH$ma lÕm H$aZm, gmo (g_{H$V ì`dhmar) ì`dhma go gå`½Xe©Z h¡Ÿ&
A~ (BZ ê$n) BZ gmV VÎdm| Ho$ ê$n H$m (~ImZmo) dU©Z H$aVo h¢; ({VZH$mo)
CÝh| (gm_mÝ` {deof¢) g§jon go VWm {dñVma go (gwZ) gwZH$a (Ca) _Z _|
({X‹T>) AQ>b (àVrV) lÕm (AmZmo) H$amoŸ&
^mdmW© …- (1) {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ gmW ì`dhma gå`½Xe©Z H¡$go
hmoVm h¡, CgH$m `hm± dU©Z h¡Ÿ& {Ogo {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z Z hmo, Cgo ì`dhma
gå`½Xe©Z ^r Zht hmo gH$VmŸ& {ZíM`lÕm g{hV gmV VÎdm| H$s {dH$ën-
amJg{hV lÕm H$mo ì`dhma gå`½Xe©Z H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
(2) VÎdmW©gyÌ _| ""VÎdmW©lÕmZ§ gå`½Xe©Z_²'' H$hm h¡, dh {ZíM`
gå`½Xe©Z h¡Ÿ& (XoImo, _moj_mJ© àH$meH$ AÜ`m` 9, n¥ð> 477 VWm
nwéfmW©{gÕçwnm`, JmWm 22)Ÿ&
`hm± Omo gmV VÎdm| H$s lÕm H$hr h¡, dh ^oXê$n h¡ - amJg{hV h¡,
Bg{b`o dh ì`dhma gå`½Xe©Z h¡Ÿ& {ZíM` _moj_mJ© _| H¡$gm {Z{_Îm hmoVm
46 N>hT>mbm
h¡, dh ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE `hm± Vrgam nX H$hm h¡; {H$ÝVw CgH$m Eogm AW© Zht
h¡ {H$ - {ZíM`gå`ŠËd {~Zm ì`dhmagå`ŠËd hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
Ord Ho$ ^oX, ~{hamË_m Am¡a CÎm_ AÝVamË_m H$m bjU
~{hamV_, AÝVa AmV_, na_mV_ Ord {ÌYm h¡Ÿ&
Xoh Ord H$mo EH$ {JZo ~{hamV_ VÎd_wYm h¡Ÿ&&
CÎm_ _Ü`_ OKZ {Ì{dY Ho$ AÝVa-AmV_ kmZrŸ&
{Û{dY g§J {~Z ewY Cn`moJr, _w{Z CÎm_ {ZOÜ`mZrŸ&&4Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (~{hamV_) ~{hamË_m, (AÝVa-AmV_) AÝVamË_m
[Am¡a] (na_mV_) na_mË_m, [BgàH$ma] (Ord) Ord ({ÌYm) VrZ àH$ma
Ho$ (h¡) h¢; [CZ_| Omo] (Xoh Ord H$mo) eara Am¡a AmË_m H$mo (EH$ {JZo)
EH$ _mZVo h¢, do (~{hamV_) ~{hamË_m h¢ [Am¡a do ~{hamË_m] (VÎd_wYm)
`WmW© VÎdm| go AOmZ AWm©V² VÎd_y‹T> {_Ï`mÑ{ï> h¢Ÿ& (AmV_kmZr) AmË_m
H$mo nadñVwAm| go {^Þ OmZH$a `WmW© {ZíM` H$aZodmbo (AÝVa AmV_)
AÝVamË_m [H$hbmVo h¢; do] (CÎm_) CÎm_ (_Ü`_) _Ü`_ Am¡a (OKZ)
OKÝ` - Eogo ({Ì{dY) VrZ àH$ma Ho$ h¢Ÿ& [CZ_|] ({Û{dY) A§Va§J VWm
~{ha§J Eogo Xmo àH$ma Ho$ (g§J {~Z) n[aJ«h a{hV (ewY Cn`moJr) ewÕ
Cn`moJr ({ZOÜ`mZr) AmË_Ü`mZr (_w{Z) {XJå~a _w{Z (CÎm_) CÎm_
AÝVamË_m h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Ord (AmË_m) VrZ àH$ma Ho$ h¢ - (1) ~{hamË_m, (2)
AÝVamË_m, (3) na_mË_mŸ& CZ_| Omo eara Am¡a AmË_m H$mo EH$ _mZVo h¢,
CÝh| ~{hamË_m H$hVo h¢; do VÎd_y‹T> {_Ï`mÑ{ï> h¢Ÿ& Omo eara Am¡a AmË_m H$mo
AnZo ^oX{dkmZ go {^Þ-{^Þ _mZVo h¢, do AÝVamË_m AWm©V² gå`½Ñ{ï> h¢Ÿ&
AÝVamË_m Ho$ VrZ ^oX h¢ - CÎm_, _Ü`_ Am¡a OKÝ`Ÿ& CZ_| A§Va§J VWm
~{ha§J XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ n[aJ«h go a{hV gmVd| go boH$a ~mahd| JwUñWmZ VH$
dV©Vo hþE ewÕ-Cn`moJr AmË_Ü`mZr {XJå~a _w{Z CÎm_ AÝVamË_m h¢Ÿ&
28
Vrgar T>mb 47
Ord Ho$ ^oX-Cn^oX
_Ü`_ Am¡a OKÝ` AÝVamË_m VWm gH$b na_mË_m
_Ü`_ AÝVa-AmV_ h¢ Oo Xoed«Vr AZJmarŸ&
OKZ H$ho A{daV-g_Ñ{ï>, VrZm| {ed_J MmarŸ&&
gH$b {ZH$b na_mV_ Û¡{dY {VZ_| Km{V {ZdmarŸ&
lr A[ahÝV gH$b na_mV_ bmoH$mbmoH$ {ZhmarŸ&&5Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (AZJmar) N>R>d| JwUñWmZ Ho$ g_` AÝVa§J Am¡a ~{ha§J
n[aJ«h a{hV `WmOmVê$nYa-^mdqbJr _w{Z _Ü`_ AÝVamË_m h¢ VWm
(Xoed«Vr) Xmo H$fm` Ho$ A^md g{hV Eogo n§M_ JwUñWmZdVu gå`½Ñ{ï> lmdH$
(_Ü`_) _Ü`_ (AÝVa-AmV_) AÝVamË_m (h¢) h¢ Am¡a (A{daV) d«Va{hV
(g_Ñ{ï>) gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord (OKZ) OKÝ` AÝVamË_m (H$ho) H$hbmVo h¢;
(VrZm|) `o VrZm| ({ed_JMmar) _moj_mJ© na MbZodmbo h¢Ÿ& (gH$b {ZH$b)
gH$b Am¡a {ZH$b Ho$ ^oX go (na_mV_) na_mË_m (Û¡{dY) Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢
({VZ_|) CZ_|o (Km{V) Mma Km{VH$_m] H$mo ({Zdmar) Zme H$aZodmbo
(bmoH$mbmoH$) bmoH$ VWm AbmoH$ H$mo ({Zhmar) OmZZo-XoIZodmbo (lr
A[ahÝV) AahÝV na_oð>r (gH$b) eara g{hV (na_mV_) na_mË_m h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) Omo {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Zm{X g{hV h¢; VrZ H$fm` a{hV,
ewÕmon`moJê$n _w{ZY_© H$mo A§JrH$ma H$aHo$ A§Va§J _| Vmo Cg ewÕmon`moJê$n
48
Ûmam ñd`§ AnZm AZw^d H$aVo h¢, {H$gr H$mo Bï>-A{Zï> _mZH$a amJ-Ûof
Zht H$aVo, qhgm{Xê$n Aew^mon`moJ H$m Vmo ApñVËd hr {OZHo$ Zht ahm h¡ -
Eogr AÝVa§JXem g{hV ~mø {XJå~a gm¡å` _wÐmYmar hþE h¢ Am¡a N>R>d|
à_Îmg§`V JwUñWmZ Ho$ g_` AÆ>mB©g _ybJwUm| H$m AIÊS>ê$n go nmbZ
H$aVo h¢ do, VWm Omo AZÝVmZw~ÝYr Ed§ AàË`m»`mZr` - Eogo Xmo H$fm` Ho$
A^md g{hV gå`½Ñ{ï> lmdH$ h¢, do _Ü`_ AÝVamË_m h¢ AWm©V² N>R>d| Am¡a
nm±Md| JwUñWmZdVu Ord _Ü`_ AÝVamË_m h¢Ÿ&1
(2) gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm H$^r Y_© H$m àmaå^ Zht hmoVmŸ& {Ogo {ZíM`
gå`½Xe©Z Zht h¡, dh Ord ~{hamË_m h¡Ÿ&
(3) na_mË_m Ho$ Xmo àH$ma h¢ - gH$b Am¡a {ZH$bŸ& (2) lr A[ah§V
na_mË_m do 2gH$b (earag{hV) na_mË_m h¢ Am¡a (2) {gÕ na_mË_m do3
{ZH$b na_mË_m h¢Ÿ& do XmoZm| gd©k hmoZo go bmoH$ Am¡a AbmoH$ g{hV gd©
nXmWm] H$m {ÌH$mbdVu gånyU© ñdê$n EH$ g_` _| `wJnV² (EH$gmW) OmZZo-
XoIZodmbo, g~Ho$ kmVm-Ðï>m h¢, Bggo {ZpíMV hmoVm h¡ {H$ - {OgàH$ma
gd©k H$m kmZ ì`dpñWV h¡, CgràH$ma CZHo$ kmZ Ho$ ko`-gd©Ðì`-N>hm|
Ðì`m| H$s Ì¡H$m{bH$ H«$_~Õ n`m©`| {ZpíMV-ì`dpñWV h¢, H$moB© n`m©` CëQ>r-
grYr AWdm Aì`dpñWV Zht hmoVr, Eogm gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord _mZVm h¡Ÿ& {OgH$s
Eogr _mÝ`Vm ({ZU©`) Zht hmoVr, Cgo ñd-na nXmWm] H$m {ZíM` Z hmoZo go
ew^mew^ {dH$ma Am¡a naÐì` Ho$ gmW H$Vm©~w{Õ-EH$Vm~w{Õ hmoVr hr h¡Ÿ&
Bg{b`o dh Ord ~{hamË_m h¡Ÿ&
1. gmd`JwUoqh OwÎmm n_Îm{daXm ` _pÁP_m hm|{VŸ&
lmdH$JwU¡ñVw `wº$m… à_Îm{daVmíM _Ü`_m ^dpÝVŸ&&
AW© …- lmdH$ Ho$ JwUm| go `wº$ Am¡a à_Îm{daV _w{Z _Ü`_ AÝVamË_m h¢Ÿ&
(ñdm_r H$m{V©Ho$`mZwàojm, JmWm - 196)
2. g = g{hV, H$b = eara, gH$b AWm©V² eara g{hVŸ&
3. {Z = a{hV, H$b = eara, {ZH$b AWm©V² eara a{hVŸ&
N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 49
{ZH$b na_mË_m H$m bjU VWm na_mË_m Ho$ Ü`mZ H$m CnXoe
kmZearar {Ì{dY H$_©_b-d{O©V {gÕ _hÝVmŸ&
Vo h¢ {ZH$b A_b na_mV_ ^moJ¢ e_© AZÝVmŸ&&
~{hamV_Vm ho` Om{Z V{O, AÝVa AmV_ hÿO¡Ÿ&
na_mV_ H$mo Ü`m` {ZaÝVa Omo {ZV AmZÝX nyO¡Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (kmZearar) kmZ_mÌ {OZH$m eara h¡ Eogo ({Ì{dY)
kmZmdaUm{X Ðì`H$_©, amJm{X ^mdH$_© VWm Am¡Xm[aH$ earam{X ZmoH$_©, Eogo
VrZ àH$ma Ho$ (H$_©_b) H$_©ê$nr _¡b go (d{O©V) a{hV, (A_b) {Z_©b
Am¡a (_hÝVm) _hmZ ({gÕ) {gÕ na_oð>r ({ZH$b) {ZH$b (na_mV_)
na_mË_m h¢Ÿ& do (AZÝV) An[a{_V (e_©) gwI (^moJ¢) ^moJVo h¢Ÿ& BZ VrZm|
_| (~{hamV_Vm) ~{hamË_nZo H$mo (ho`) N>mo‹S>Zo `mo½` (Om{Z) OmZH$a Am¡a
(V{O) Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a (AÝVa AmV_) AÝVamË_m (hÿO¡) hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a
({ZaÝVa) gXm (na_mV_ H$mo) [{ZO] na_mË_nX H$m (Ü`m`) Ü`mZ H$aZm
Mm{hE; (Omo) {OgHo$ Ûmam ({ZV) AWm©V² AZÝV (AmZÝX) AmZÝX (nyO¡)
àmá {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Am¡Xm[aH$ Am{X eara a{hV ewÕ kmZ_` Ðì`-^md-
ZmoH$_© a{hV, {ZXm}f Am¡a nyÁ` {gÕ na_oð>r "{ZH$b' na_mË_m H$hbmVo h¢;
do Aj` AZÝVH$mb VH$ AZÝVgwI H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BZ VrZ _|
~{hamË_nZm {_Ï`mËdg{hV hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ho` (N>mo‹S>Zo `mo½`) h¡, Bg{b`o
AmË_{hV¡{f`m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a, AÝVamË_m (gå`½Ñ{ï>) ~ZH$a
na_mË_nZm àmá H$a|; Š`m|{H$ Cggo gX¡d gånyU© Am¡a AZÝV AmZÝX (_moj)
H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
AOrd-nwX²Jb Y_© Am¡a AY_©Ðì` Ho$ bjU VWm ^oX
MoVZVm {~Z gmo AOrd h¡, n§M ^oX VmHo$ h¢Ÿ&
nwX²Jb n§M daZ-ag, J§Y Xmo \$ag dgy OmHo$ h¢Ÿ&&
{O` nwX²Jb H$mo MbZ ghmB©, Y_© Ðì` AZê$nrŸ&
{Vð>V hmo` AY_© ghmB© {OZ {~Z-_y{V© {Zê$nrŸ&&7Ÿ&&
29
50
AÝd`mW© …- Omo (MoVZVm-{~Z) MoVZVm a{hV h¡ (gmo) dh (AOrd)
AOrd h¡; (VmHo$) Cg AOrd Ho$ (n§M ^oX) nm±M ^oX h¢; (OmHo$ n§M daZ-
agJÝY Xmo) {OgHo$ nm±M dU© Am¡a ag, Xmo JÝY Am¡a (dgy) AmR> (\$ag)
ñne© (h¢) hmoVo h¢, dh nwX²JbÐì` h¡Ÿ& Omo ({O`) Ord H$mo [Am¡a] (nwX²Jb
H$mo) nwX²Jb H$mo (MbZ ghmB©) MbZo _| {Z{_Îm [Am¡a] (AZê$nr) A_y{V©H$
h¡, dh (Y_©) Y_©Ðì` h¡Ÿ& VWm ({Vð>V) J{Vnyd©H$ pñW{Vn[aUm_ H$mo àmá
[Ord Am¡a nwX²Jb H$mo] (ghmB©) {Z{_Îm (hmo`) hmoVm h¡, dh (AY_©)
AY_© Ðì` h¡Ÿ& ({OZ) {OZoÝÐ ^JdmZ Zo Cg AY_©Ðì` H$mo ({~Z-_y{V©)
A_y{V©H$, ({Zê$nr) Aê$nr H$hm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {Og_| MoVZm (kmZ-Xe©Z AWdm OmZZo-XoIZo H$s e{º$)
Zht hmoVr, Cgo AOrd H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Cg AOrd Ho$ nm±M ^oX h¢ - nwX²Jb, Y_©
1
AY_©, AmH$me Am¡a H$mbŸ& {Og_| ê$n, ag, J§Y, dU© Am¡a ñne© hmoVo h¢,
Cgo nwX²JbÐì` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Omo ñd`§ J{V H$aVo hþE Ord Am¡a nwX²Jb H$mo
MbZo _| {Z{_ÎmH$maU hmoVm h¡, dh Y_©Ðì` h¡; VWm Omo ñd`§ (AnZo Amn)
J{Vnyd©H$ pñWa aho hþE Ord Am¡a nwX²Jb H$mo pñWa ahZo _| {Z{_ÎmH$maU h¡,
dh AY_©Ðì` h¡Ÿ& {OZoÝÐ ^JdmZ Zo BZ Y_©, AY_© Ðì`m| H$mo VWm Omo AmJo
1. Y_© Am¡a AY_© go `hm± nwÊ` Am¡a nmn Zht, {H$ÝVw N>h Ðì`m| _| AmZo dmbo Y_m©pñVH$m` Am¡a
AY_m©pñVH$m` Zm_H$ Xmo AOrd Ðì` g_PZm Mm{hEŸ&
N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 51
H$ho Om`|Jo, CZ AmH$me Am¡a H$mb Ðì`m| H$mo A_y{V©H$ (BpÝÐ`-AJmoMa)
H$hm h¡Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
AmH$me, H$mb Am¡a Amòd Ho$ bjU AWdm ^oX
gH$b Ðì` H$mo dmg Omg _|, gmo AmH$me {nN>mZmo;
{Z`V dV©Zm {Z{e{XZ gmo, ì`dhmaH$mb n[a_mZmoŸ&
`m| AOrd, A~ Amòd gw{Z`o, _Z-dM-H$m` {Ì`moJm;
{_Ï`m A{daV Aé H$fm`, na_mX g{hV Cn`moJmŸ&&8Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Omg _|) {Og_| (gH$b) g_ñV (Ðì` H$mo) Ðì`m| H$m
(dmg) {Zdmg h¡ (gmo) dh (AmH$me) AmH$me Ðì` ({nN>mZmo) OmZZm;>
(dV©Zm) ñd`§ àd{V©V hmo Am¡a Xygam| H$mo àd{V©V hmoZo _| {Z{_Îm hmo dh
({Z`V) {ZíM` H$mbÐì` h¡; VWm ({Z{e{XZ) am{Ì, {Xdg Am{X
(ì`dhmaH$mb) ì`dhmaH$mb (n[a_mZmo) OmZmoŸ& (`m|) BgàH$ma (AOrd)
AOrdVÎd H$m dU©Z hþAmŸ& (A~) A~ (Amòd) AmòdVÎd (gw{Z`o) H$m
dU©Z gwZmoŸ& (_Z-dM-H$m`) _Z, dMZ Am¡a H$m`m Ho$ Ambå~Z go AmË_m
Ho$ àXoe M§Mb hmoZoê$n ({Ì`moJm) VrZ àH$ma Ho$ `moJ VWm ({_Ï`mËd
A{daV H$fm`) {_Ï`mËd, A{daV, H$fm` (Aé) Am¡a (na_mX) à_mX
(g{hV) g{hV (Cn`moJ) AmË_m H$s àd¥{Îm, dh (Amòd) AmòdVÎd
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {Og_| N>h Ðì`m| H$m {Zdmg h¡, Cg ñWmZ H$mo 1AmH$me
H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Omo AnZo Amn ~XbVm h¡ VWm AnZo Amn ~XbVo hþE AÝ` Ðì`m|
1. {OgàH$ma {H$gr ~V©Z _| nmZr ^aH$a Cg_| ^ñ_ (amI) S>mbr Om`o Vmo dh g_m OmVr
h¡; {\$a Cg_| eH©$am S>mbr Om`o Vmo dh ^r g_m OmVr h¡; {\$a Cg_| gwB`m± S>mbr Om`|
Vmo do ^r g_m OmVr h¢; CgràH$ma AmH$me _| ^r _w»` AdJmhZ-e{º$ h¡; Bg{b`o
Cg_| gd©Ðì` EH$gmW ah gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& EH$ Ðì` Xygao Ðì` H$mo amoH$Vm Zht h¡Ÿ&
(O¡Z {gÕmÝV àdo{eH$m)
30
52 N>hT>mbm
H$mo ~XbZo _| {Z{_Îm h¡, Cgo 2""{ZíM`H$mb'' H$hVo h¢Ÿ& amV, {XZ, K‹S>r,
KÊQ>m Am{X H$mo ""ì`dhmaH$mb'' H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& - BgàH$ma AOrdVÎd
H$m dU©Z hþAmŸ& A~, AmòdVÎd H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ& CgHo$ {_Ï`mËd,
A{daV, à_mX, H$fm` Am¡a `moJ - Eogo nm±M ^oX h¢Ÿ&8Ÿ&
(Amòd Am¡a ~ÝY XmoZm| _| ^oX …- Ord Ho$ {_Ï`mËd-_moh-amJ-
Ûofê$n n[aUm_, dh ^md-Amòd h¡ Am¡a CZ _{bZ ^mdm| _| pñZ½YVm, dh
^md-~ÝY h¡)
AmòdË`mJ H$m CnXoe Am¡a ~ÝY, g§da, {ZO©am H$m bjU
`o hr AmV_ H$mo Xw…I-H$maU, VmV¢ BZH$mo V{O`o;
OrdàXoe ~±Yo {d{Y gm| gmo, ~§YZ H$~hþ± Z g{O`oŸ&
e_-X_ V¢ Omo H$_© Z Amd¢, gmo g§da AmX[a`o;
Vn-~b V¢ {d{Y-PaZ {ZaOam, Vm{h gXm AmM[a`oŸ&&9Ÿ&&
1. AnZr-AnZr n`m©`ê$n go ñd`§ n[aU{_V hmoVo hþE Ordm{XH$ Ðì`m| Ho$ n[aU_Z _| Omo
{Z{_Îm hmo, Cgo H$mbÐì` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& {OgàH$ma Hw$åhma Ho$ MmH$ H$mo Ky_Zo _| Ywar
(H$sbr)Ÿ& H$mbÐì` H$mo {ZíM`H$mb H$hVo h¢Ÿ& bmoH$mH$me Ho$ {OVZo àXoe h¢, CVZo hr
H$mbÐì` (H$mbmUw) h¢Ÿ& {XZ, K‹S>r, KÊQ>m, _mg - Cgo ì`dhmaH$mb H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
(O¡Z {gÕmÝV àdo{eH$m)
31
Vrgar T>mb 53
AÝd`mW© …- (`o hr) `h {_Ï`mËdm{X hr (AmV_ H$mo) AmË_m H$mo
(Xw…I-H$maU) Xw…IH$m H$maU h¢ (VmV¢) Bg{b`o (BZH$mo) BZ {_Ï`mËdm{X
H$mo (V{O`o) N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hE (OrdàXoe) AmË_m Ho$ àXoem| H$m> ({d{Y
gm|) H$_m] go (~ÝY¡) ~±YZm, dh (~§YZ) ~ÝY [H$hbmVm h¡,] (gmo) dh
[~ÝY] (H$~hþ±) H$^r ^r (Z g{O`o) Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& (e_) H$fm`m| H$m
A^md [Am¡a] (X_ V¢) BpÝÐ`m| VWm _Z H$mo OrVZo go (H$_©) H$_© (Z Amd¢)
Zht Am`|, dh (g§da) g§daVÎd h¡; (Vm{h) Cg g§da H$mo (AmX[a`o) J«hU
H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& (Vn~b V¢) Vn H$s e{º$ go ({d{Y) H$_m] H$m (PaZ)
EH$Xoe {Ia OmZm, gmo ({ZaOam) {ZO©am h¡Ÿ& (Vm{h) Cg {ZO©am H$mo (gXm)
gX¡d (AmM[a`o) àmá H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- `o {_Ï`mËdm{X hr AmË_m H$mo Xw…I H$m H$maU h¢, {H$ÝVw na
nXmW© Xw…I H$m H$maU Zht h¢; Bg{b`o AnZo Xmofê$n {_Ï`m^mdm| H$m A^md
H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& ñnem] Ho$ gmW nwX²Jbm| H$m ~ÝY, amJm{X Ho$ gmW Ord H$m
~ÝY Am¡a AÝ`moÝ` AdJmh dh nwXJ² b OrdmË_H$ ~ÝY H$hm h¡Ÿ& (àdMZgma,
JmWm 177) amJn[aUm_ _mÌ Eogm Omo ^md~ÝY h¡, dh Ðì`~ÝY H$m hoVw hmoZo
go dhr {ZíM`~ÝY h¡, Omo N>mo‹S>Zo `mo½` h¡Ÿ&
(2) {_Ï`mËd Am¡a H«$moYm{Xê$n ^md-CZ g~H$mo gm_mÝ`ê$n go H$fm`
H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$, Xohbr - n¥ð> 40) Eogo H$fm` Ho$ A^md
H$mo e_ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Am¡a X_ AWm©V² Omo ko`-km`H$ g§H$a Xmof Q>mbH$a,
BpÝÐ`m| H$mo OrVH$a, kmZñd^md Ûmam AÝ` Ðì` go A{YH$ (n¥WH²$ n[anyU©)
AmË_m H$mo OmZVm h¡, Cgo {ZíM`Z` _| pñWV gmYw dmñVd _| {OVopÝÐ`
H$hVo h¢Ÿ& (g. Jm. 31)Ÿ&
ñd^md-na^md Ho$ ^oXkmZ Ûmam Ðì`opÝÐ`, ^mdopÝÐ` VWm CZHo$ {df`m| go
AmË_m H$m ñdê$n {^Þ h¡ - Eogm OmZZm, Cgo BpÝÐ`-X_Z H$hVo h¢; naÝVw
Amhmam{X VWm nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`ê$n ~mø dñVwAm| Ho$ Ë`mJê$n Omo
_ÝXH$fm` h¡, Cggo dmñVd _| BpÝÐ`-X_Z Zht hmoVm; Š`m|{H$ dh Vmo
ew^amJ h¡, nwÊ` h¡, Bg{b`o ~ÝY H$m H$maU h¡ - Eogm g_PZmŸ&
54 N>hT>mbm
(3) ewÕmË_m{lV gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌê$n ewÕ^md hr g§da h¡Ÿ&
àW_ {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z hmoZo na ñdÐì` Ho$ Ambå~ZmZwgma g§da-{ZO©am
àmaå^ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& H«$_e… {OVZo A§e _| amJ H$m A^md hmo, CVZo A§e _|
g§da-{ZO©amê$n Y_© hmoVm h¡Ÿ& ñdmoÝ_wIVm Ho$ ~b go ew^mew^ BÀN>m H$m
{ZamoY, gmo Vn h¡Ÿ& Cg Vn go {ZO©am hmoVr h¡Ÿ&
(4) g§da …- nwÊ`-nmnê$n AewÕ ^md (Amòd) H$mo AmË_m Ho$ ewÕ^md
Ûmam amoH$Zm, gmo ^mdg§da h¡ Am¡a VXZwgma ZdrZ H$_m] H$m AmZm ñd`§ -
ñdV… éH$ Om`o, gmo Ðì`g§da h¡Ÿ&
(5) {ZO©am …- AIÊS>mZÝX {ZO ewÕmË_m Ho$ bú` go A§eV… ew{Õ H$s
d¥{Õ Am¡a Aew{Õ H$s A§eV… hm{Z H$aZm, gmo ^md{ZO©am h¡; Am¡a Cg g_`
{IaZo `mo½` H$_m] H$m A§eV… Ny>Q> OmZm, gmo Ðì`-{ZO©am h¡Ÿ& (bKw O¡Z
{gÕmÝV àdo{eH$m n¥ð> 45-46 àíZ 121)Ÿ&
(6) Ord-AOrd H$mo CZHo$ ñdê$n g{hV OmZH$a ñd VWm na H$mo `WmdV²
_mZZm; Amòd H$mo OmZH$a Cgo ho`ê$n, ~ÝY H$mo OmZH$a Cgo A{hVê$n,
g§da H$mo n{hMmZH$a Cgo CnmXo`ê$n VWm {ZO©am H$mo n{hMmZH$a Cgo {hV H$m
H$maU _mZZm Mm{hE1 (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$ AÜ`m` 9, n¥ð> 469)Ÿ&
1. Amòd Am{X Ho$ Ñï>m§V …-
(1) Amòd …- {OgàH$ma {H$gr Zm¡H$m _| {N>Ð hmo OmZo go Cg_| nmZr AmZo bJVm h¡,
Cgr àH$ma {_Ï`mËdm{X Amòd Ho$ Ûmam AmË_m _| H$_© AmZo bJVo h¢Ÿ&
(2) ~ÝY …- {OgàH$ma {N>Ð Ûmam nmZr Zm¡H$m _| ^a OmVm h¡, CgràH$ma H$_©na_mUw
AmË_m Ho$ àXoem| _| nhþ±MVo h¢ (EH$ joÌ _| ahVo h¢)Ÿ&
(3) g§da …- {OgàH$ma {N>Ð ~ÝX H$aZo go Zm¡H$m _| nmZr H$m AmZm éH$ OmVm h¡,
CgràH$ma ewÕ^mdê$n Jw{á Am{X Ho$ Ûmam AmË_m _| H$_m] H$m AmZm éH$ OmVm h¡Ÿ&
(4) {ZO©am …- {OgàH$ma Zm¡H$m _| Am`o hþE nmZr _| go Wmo‹S>m ({H$gr ~V©Z _| ^aH$a)
~mha \|$H$ {X`m OmVm h¡, CgràH$ma {ZO©am Ûmam Wmo‹S>o-go H$_© AmË_m go AbJ hmo
OmVo h¢Ÿ&
(5) _moj …- {OgàH$ma Zm¡H$m _| Am`m hþAm gmam nmZr {ZH$mb XoZo go Zm¡H$m EH$X_
nmZr a{hV hmo OmVr h¡, CgràH$ma AmË_m _| go g_ñV H$_© n¥WH²$ hmo OmZo go AmË_m
H$s n[anyU© ewÕXem (_mojXem) àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡ AWm©V² AmË_m _wº$ hmo OmVm
h¡Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
32
Vrgar T>mb 55
_moj H$m bjU, ì`dhmagå`ŠËd H$m bjU VWm H$maU
gH$b H$_©V¢ a{hV AdñWm, gmo {ed {Wa gwIH$marŸ&
B{h {dY Omo gaYm VÎdZ H$s, gmo g_{H$V ì`dhmarŸ&&
Xod {OZoÝÐ, Jwé n[aJ«h {~Z, Y_© X`mOwV gmamoŸ&
`ohþ _mZ g_{H$V H$mo H$maU, Aï>-A§J-OwV YmamoŸ&&10Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gH$b H$_©V¢) g_ñV H$_m] go (a{hV) a{hV ({Wa)
pñWa-AQ>b (gwIH$mar) AZÝV gwIXm`H$ (AdñWm) Xem-n`m©`, gmo
({ed) _moj H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& (B{h {dY) BgàH$ma (Omo) Omo (VÎdZ H$s)
gmV VÎdm| H$o$ ^oXg{hV (gaYm) lÕm H$aZm, gmo (ì`dhmar) ì`dhma
(g_{H$V) gå`½Xe©Z h¡Ÿ& ({OZoÝÐ) drVamJ, gd©k Am¡a {hVmonXoer (Xod)
gƒo Xod (n[aJ«h {~Z) Mm¡~rg n[aJ«h go a{hV (Jwé) drVamJ Jwé [VWm]
(gmamo) gma^yV (X`mOwV) Aqhgm_` (Y_©) O¡ZY_© (`ohÿ) BZ g~H$mo
(g_{H$V H$mo) gå`½Xe©Z H$m (H$maU) {Z{_ÎmH$maU (_mZ) OmZZm Mm{hEŸ&
gå`½Xe©Z H$mo CgHo$ (Aï>) AmR> (A§JOwV) A§Jm| g{hV (Ymamo) YmaU
H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- _moj H$m ñdê$n OmZH$a Cgo AnZm na_{hV _mZZm Mm{hEŸ&
AmR> H$_m] Ho$ gd©Wm Zme nyd©H$ AmË_m H$s Omo gånyU© ewÕ Xem (n`m©`)
àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, Cgo _moj H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dh Xem A{dZmer VWm AZÝV gwI_`
h¡; - BgàH$ma gm_mÝ` Am¡a {deofê$n go gmV VÎdm| H$s AMb lÕm H$aZm,
Cgo ì`dhma-gå`ŠËd (gå`½Xe©Z) H$hVo h¢Ÿ& {OZoÝÐXod, drVamJr ({XJå~a
O¡Z) Jwé VWm {OZoÝÐàUrV Aqhgm_` Y_© ^r Cg ì`dhma gå`½Xe©Z Ho$
H$maU h¢ AWm©V² BZ VrZm| H$m `WmW© lÕmZ ^r ì`dhma gå`½Xe©Z H$hbmVm
56 N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 57

h¡Ÿ& Cgo {ZåZmoº$ AmR> A§Jm| g{hV YmaU H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& ì`dhma gå`ŠËdr gå`ŠËd AmR> A§J (JwU) Am¡a e§H$m{X AmR> Xmofm| H$m bjU
H$m ñdê$n nhbo, Xygao VWm Vrgao N>§X Ho$ ^mdmW© _| g_Pm`m h¡Ÿ& {ZíM` {OZ dM _| e§H$m Z Yma d¥f, ^d-gwI-dm§N>m ^mZ¡Ÿ&
gå`ŠËd Ho$ {~Zm _mÌ ì`dhma H$mo ì`dhma gå`ŠËd Zht H$hm OmVmŸ&&10Ÿ&& _w{Z-VZ _{bZ Z XoI {KZmd¡, VÎd-Hw$VÎd {nN>mZ¡Ÿ&&
gå`ŠËd Ho$ nƒrg Xmof VWm AmR> JwU {ZO JwU Aé na Am¡JwU T>m±Ho$, dm {ZOY_© ~‹T>md¡Ÿ&
dgw _X Q>m[a {Zdm[a {ÌeR>Vm, fQ²> AZm`VZ Ë`mJmoŸ& H$m_m{XH$ H$a d¥fV¢ {MJVo, {ZO-na H$mo gw {X‹T>md¡Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
e§H$m{XH$ dgw Xmof {~Zm, g§doJm{XH$ {MV nmJmoŸ&&
Aï> A§J Aé Xmof nMrgm|, {VZ g§jon¡ H${h`oŸ&
{~Z OmZ| V¢ Xmof JwZZH$m|, H¡$go V{O`o J{h`oŸ&&11Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (dgw) AmR> (_X) _X H$m (Q>m[a) Ë`mJ H$aHo$,
({ÌeR>Vm) VrZ àH$ma H$s _y‹T>Vm H$mo ({Zdm[a) hQ>mH$a, (fQ>²) N>h
(1AZm`VZ) AZm`VZm| H$m (Ë`mJmo) Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& (e§H$m{XH$)
e§H$m{X (dgw) AmR> (Xmof {~Zm) Xmofm| go a{hV hmoH$a (g§doJm{XH$) g§doJ,
AZwH$ånm, AmpñVŠ` Am¡a àe_ _| ({MV) _Z H$mo (nmJmo) bJmZm Mm{hEŸ&
A~, gå`ŠËd Ho$ (Aï>) AmR> (A§J) A§J (Aé) Am¡a (nMrgm| Xmof)
nÀMrg Xmofm| H$mo (g§jon¡) g§jon _| (H${h`o) H$hm OmVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ ({~Z N>ÝX 13 (nydm©Õ©)
OmZ| V¢) CÝh| OmZo {~Zm (Xmof) Xmofm| H$mo (H¡$go) {H$g àH$ma (V{O`o) N>mo‹S>|
Y_u gm| Jm¡-dÀN>-àr{V g_, H$a {OZY_© {Xnmd¡;
Am¡a> (JwZZH$m|) JwUm| H$mo {H$g àH$ma (J{h`o) J«hU H$a|? BZ JwUV¢ {dnarV Xmof dgw, {VZH$m| gVV {Inmd¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- AmR> _X, VrZ _y‹T>Vm, N>h AZm`VZ (AY_©-ñWmZ) Am¡a
AmR> e§H$m{X Xmof - BgàH$ma gå`ŠËd Ho$ nÀMrg Xmof h¢Ÿ& g§dJo , AZwH$ånm,
AmpñVŠ` Am¡a àe_ gå`½Ñ{ï> H$mo hmoVo h¢Ÿ& gå`ŠËd Ho$ A{^bmfr Ord H$mo
gå`ŠËd Ho$ BZ nÀMrg Xmofm| H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$ CZ ^mdZmAm| _| _Z bJmZm
Mm{hEŸ& A~ gå`ŠËd Ho$ AmR> JwUm| (A§Jm|) Am¡a nÀMrg Xmofm| H$m g§jon _|
dU©Z {H$`m OmVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ OmZo Am¡a g_Po {~Zm Xmofm| H$mo H¡$go N>mo‹S>m Om
gH$Vm h¡ VWm JwUm| H$mo H¡$go J«hU {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡?Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
1. AZ²+Am`VZ = AZm`VZ = Y_© H$m ñWmZ Z hmoZmŸ&
33
58 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- 1. ({OZ dM _|) gd©kXod Ho$ H$ho hþE VÎdm| _| (e§H$m)
g§e`-gÝXoh (Z Yma) YmaU Zht H$aZm [gmo {Z…e§{H$V A§J h¡]; 2. (d¥f)
Y_© H$mo (Yma) YmaU H$aHo$ (^d-gwI-dm§N>m) gm§gm[aH$ gwIm| H$s BÀN>m
(^mZ¡) Z H$ao [gmo {Z…H$m§{jV A§J h¡]; 3. (_w{Z-VZ) _w{Z`m| Ho$ earam{X
(_{bZ) _¡bo (XoI) XoIH$a (Z {KZmd¡) K¥Um Z H$aZm [gmo {Z{d©{M{H$Ëgm
A§J h¡]; 4. (VÎd-Hw$VÎd) gƒo Am¡a PyR>o VÎdm| H$s ({nN>mZ¡) n{hMmZ aIo
[gmo A_y‹T>Ñ{ï> A§J h¡]; 5. ({ZOJwU) AnZo JwUm| H$mo (Aé) Am¡a (na
Am¡JwU) Xygao Ho$ AdJwUm| H$mo (T>m±Ho$) {N>nm`o (dm) VWm ({ZOY_©) AnZo
AmË_Y_© H$mo (~‹T>md¡) ~‹T>m`o AWm©V² {Z_©b ~Zm`o [gmo CnJyhZ A§J h¡];
6. (H$m_m{XH$ H$a) H$m_-{dH$mam{X Ho$ H$maU (d¥fV¢) Y_© go ({MJVo)
À`wV hmoVo hþE ({ZO-na H$mo>) AnZo H$mo VWm na H$mo> (gw {X‹T>md¡) Cg_| nwZ…
Ñ‹T> H$ao [gmo pñW{VH$aU A§J h¡]; 7.(Y_u gm|) AnZo gmY_uOZm| go (Jm¡-
dÀN>-àr{V-g_) ~N>‹S>o na Jm` H$s àr{V Ho$ g_mZ (H$a) ào_ aIZm [gmo
dmËgë` A§J h¡] Am¡a 8. ({OZY_©) O¡ZY_© H$s ({Xnmd¡) emo^m _| d¥{Õ
H$aZm [gmo à^mdZm A§J h¡Ÿ&] (BZ JwUV¢) BZ [AmR>] JwUm| go ({dnarV)
CëQ>o (dgw) AmR> (Xmof) Xmof h¢, ({VZH$mo) CÝh| (gVV) h_oem ({Inmd¡)
Xya H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- (1) VÎd `hr h¡, Eogm hr h¡, AÝ` Zht h¡ VWm AÝ` àH$ma
go Zht h¡ - BgàH$ma `WmW© VÎdm| _| AMb lÕm hmoZm, gmo {Z…e§{H$V A§J
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
{Q>ßnUr …- Ad«Vr gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ^moJm| H$mo H$^r ^r AmXaUr` Zht
_mZVo; {H$ÝVw {OgàH$ma H$moB© ~ÝXr H$mamJ¥h _| (BÀN>m Z hmoZo na ^r) Xw…I
ghZ H$aVm h¡, CgràH$ma do AnZo nwéfmW© H$s {Z~©bVm go J¥hñWXem _|
ahVo h¢, {H$ÝVw é{Mnyd©H$ ^moJm| H$s BÀNm Zht H$aVo; Bg{b`o CÝh| {Z…e§{H$V
Am¡a {Z…H$m§{jV A§J hmoZo _| H$moB© ~mYm Zht AmVrŸ&>
(2) Y_© godZ H$aHo$ CgHo$ ~Xbo _| gm§gm[aH$ gwIm| H$s BÀN>m Z H$aZm,
Cgo {Z…H$m§{jV A§J H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
34
Vrgar T>mb 59
(3) _w{ZamO AWdm AÝ` {H$gr Y_m©Ë_m Ho$ eara H$mo _¡bm XoIH$a K¥Um
Z H$aZm, Cgo {Z{d©{M{H$Ëgm A§J H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
(4) gƒo Am¡a PyR>o VÎdm| H$s narjm H$aHo$ _y‹T>VmAm| VWm AZm`VZm| _| Z
\±$gZm dh A_y‹T>Ñ{ï> A§J h¡Ÿ&
(5) AnZr àe§gm H$amZodmbo JwUm| H$mo VWm Xygao H$s qZXm H$amZo dmbo Xmofm| H$mo
T>±H$Zm Am¡a AmË_Y_© H$mo ~‹T>mZm ({Z_©b aIZm), gmo CnJyhZ A§J h¡Ÿ&
{Q>ßnUr …- CnJyhZ H$m Xygam Zm_ ""Cnd¥§hU'' ^r {OZmJ_ _| AmVm
h¡; {Oggo AmË_Y_© _| d¥{Õ H$aZo H$mo ^r CnJyhZ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& lr
A_¥VMÝÐgy[a Zo AnZo nwéfmW©{gÕçwnm` Ho$ 27d| íbmoH$ _| ^r `hr H$hm h¡ …-
Y_m}@{^dÕ©Zr`… gXmË_Zmo _mX©dm{X^mdZ`mŸ&
naXmof{ZJyhZ_{n {dYo`_wnd¥§hJwUmW©_²Ÿ&&27Ÿ&&
(6) H$m_, H«$moY, bmo^ Am{X {H$gr ^r H$maU go (gå`ŠËd Am¡a Mm[aÌ
go) ^«ï> hmoVo hþE AnZo H$mo VWm na H$mo Y_© _| Cg_| pñWa H$aZm
pñW{VH$aU A§J h¡Ÿ&
(7) AnZo gmY_u OZ na ~N>‹S>o go ß`ma aIZodmbr Jm` H$s ^m±{V {Zanoj
ào_ aIZm, gmo dmËgë` A§J h¡Ÿ&
(8) AkmZ-AÝYH$ma H$mo Xya {dÚm-~b-~w{Õ Am{X Ho$ Ûmam emó _| H$hr
hþB© `mo½` ar{V go AnZo gm_Ï`m©Zwgma O¡ZY_© H$m à^md àH$Q> H$aZm,
dh à^mdZm A§J h¡Ÿ&
- BZ A§Jm| (JwUm|) go {dnarV 1. e§H$m, 2. H$m§jm, 3. {d{M{H$Ëgm,
4. _y‹T>Ñ{ï>, 5. AZwnJyhZ, 6. ApñW{VH$aU, 7. AdmËgë` Am¡a
8. Aà^mdZm - `o gå`ŠËd Ho$ AmR> Xmof h¢Ÿ& BÝh| gXm Xya H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
(12-13 nydm©Õ)©
N>ÝX 13 (CÎmamÕ©)
_X Zm_H$ Xmof Ho$ AmR àH$ma>
{nVm ^yn dm _mVwb Z¥n Omo, hmo` Z Vm¡ _X R>mZ¡Ÿ&
_X Z ê$nH$m¡ _X Z kmZH$m¡, YZ ~bH$m¡ _X ^mZ¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
60
N>ÝX 14 (nydm©Õ©)
VnH$m¡ _X Z _X Ow à^wVmH$m¡, H$a¡ Z gmo {ZO OmZ¡Ÿ&
_X Yma¡ Vm¡ `hr Xmof dgw g_{H$VH$m¡ _b R>mZ¡Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [Omo Ord>] (Omo) `{X ({nVm) {nVm Am{X {nV¥nj Ho$
ñdOZ (^yn) amOm{X (hmo`) hm| (Vm¡) Vmo (_X) A{^_mZ (Z R>mZ¡) Zht
H$aVm, [`{X] (_mVwb) _m_m Am{X _mV¥nj Ho$ ñdOZ (Z¥n) amOm{X (hmo`)
hm| Vmo (_X) A{^_mZ (Z) Zht H$aVm; (kmZH$m¡) {dÚm H$m (_X Z) A{^_mZ
Zht H$aVm; (YZH$m¡) bú_r H$m (_X ^mZ¡) A{^_mZ Zht H$aVm; (~bH$m¡$)
e{º$ H$m (_X ^mZ¡) A{^_mZ Zht H$aVm; (VnH$m¡) Vn H$m (_X Z)
A{^_mZ Zht H$aVm; (Ow) Am¡a (à^wVm H$m¡>) Eoíd`©, ~‹S>ßnZ H$m (_X Z
H$a¡) A[^_mZ Zht H$aVm (gmo) dh ({ZO) AnZo AmË_m H$mo (OmZ¡)
OmZVm h¡Ÿ& [`{X Ord CZH$m] (_X) A{^_mZ (Yma¡) aIVm h¡ Vmo (`hr)
D$na H$ho hþE _X (dgw) AmR> (Xmof) Xmofê$n hmoH$a (g_{H$VH$m¡) gå`ŠËd
H$mo-gå`½Xe©Z H$mo (_b) Xy{fV (R>mZ¡) H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {nVm Ho$ JmoÌ H$mo Hw$b Am¡a _mVm Ho$ JmoÌ H$mo Om{V H$hVo h¢Ÿ& (1)
{nVm Am{X {nV¥nj _| amOm{X àVmnr nwéf hmoZo go (_¢ amOHw$_ma hÿ±, Am{X)
N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 61
A{^_mZ H$aZm, gmo Hw$b-_X h¡Ÿ& (2) _m_m Am{X _mV¥nj _| amOm{X àVmnr
nwéf hmoZo H$m A{^_mZ H$aZm, gmo Om{V-_X h¡ (3) emar[aH$ gm¡ÝX`© H$m _X
H$aZm, gmo ê$n-_X h¡Ÿ& (4) AnZr {dÚm H$m A{^_mZ H$aZm, gmo kmZ-_X h¡Ÿ&
(5) AnZr YZ-gån{Îm H$m A{^_mZ H$aZm, gmo YZ-_X h¡Ÿ& (6) AnZr
emar[aH$ e{º$ H$m Jd© H$aZm, gmo ~b-_X h¡ (7) AnZo d«V-Cndmgm{X Vn H$m
Jd© H$aZm, gmo Vn-_X h¡, VWm (8) AnZo ~‹S>ßnZ Am¡a Amkm H$m Jd© H$aZm, gmo
à^wVm-_X h¡Ÿ& Hw$b, Om{V, ê$n, kmZ, YZ, ~b, Vn Am¡a à^wVm - `o AmR> _X
- Xmof H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& Omo Ord BZ AmR> H$m Jd© Zht H$aVm, dhr AmË_m H$m kmZ H$a
gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `{X CZH$m Jd© H$aVm h¡ Vmo `o _X gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ AmR> Xmof ~ZH$a Cgo
Xy{fV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& (13 CÎmamÕ© VWm 14 nydm©Õ)© Ÿ&
N>ÝX 14 (CÎmamÕ©)
N>h AZm`VZ VWm VrZ _y‹T>Vm Xmof
Hw$Jwé-Hw$Xod-Hw$d¥f godH$ H$s Zqh àe§g CMa¡ h¡Ÿ&
{OZ_w{Z {OZlwV {dZ Hw$Jwam{XH$, {VÝh¢ Z Z_Z H$a¡ h¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord] (Hw$Jwé-Hw$Xod-Hw$d¥f godH$ H$s) Hw$Jwé,
Hw$Xod Am¡a Hw$Y_© H$s VWm CZHo$ godH$ H$s (àe§g) àe§gm (Zqh CMa¡ h¡)
Zht H$aVmŸ& ({OZ) {OZoÝÐXod (_w{Z) drVamJr _w{Z [Am¡a] ({OZlwV)
{OZdmUr ({dZ) Ho$ A{V[aº$ [Omo] (Hw$Jwam{X) Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod, Hw$Y_© h¢
({VÝh|) CÝh|o (Z_Z) Z_ñH$ma (Z H$a¡ h¡) Zht H$aVmŸ&
^mdmW© …- Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod, Hw$Y_©; Hw$Jwé godH$, Hw$Xod godH$ VWm
Hw$Y_© godH$ - `o N>h AZm`VZ (Y_© Ho$ AñWmZ) Xmof H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& CZH$s
^{º$, {dZ` Am¡a nyOZm{X Vmo Xya ahr, {H$ÝVw gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord CZH$s àe§gm
^r Zht H$aVm; Š`m|{H$ CZH$s àe§gm H$aZo go ^r gå`ŠËd _| Xmof bJVm h¡Ÿ&
gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord {OZoÝÐXod, drVamJr _w{Z Am¡a {OZdmUr Ho$ A{V[aº$ Hw$Xod
Am¡a Hw$emóm{X H$mo (^`, Amem, bmo^ Am¡a ñZoh Am{X Ho$ H$maU ^r)
Z_ñH$ma Zht H$aVm; Š`m|{H$ CÝh| Z_ñH$ma H$aZo _mÌ go ^r gå`ŠËd Xy{fV
35
62 N>hT>mbm
hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& Hw$Jwé-godm, Hw$Xod-godm VWm Hw$Y_©-godm - `o VrZ ^r
gå`ŠËd Ho$ _y‹T>Vm Zm_H$ Xmof h¢Ÿ&14Ÿ&
Ad«Vr gå`½Ñ{ï> H$s Xodm| Ûmam nyOm Am¡a J¥hñWnZo _| Aàr{V
Xmofa{hV JwUg{hV gwYr Oo, gå`½Xae gO¡ h¢Ÿ&
M[aV_moh de boe Z g§O_, n¡ gwaZmW OO¡ h¢Ÿ&&
Johr, n¡ J¥h _| Z aM¢ Á`m|, ObV¢ {^Þ H$_b h¡Ÿ&
ZJa Zm[aH$m¡ ß`ma `Wm, H$mXo _| ho_ A_b h¡Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Oo) Omo (gwYr) ~w{Õ_mZ nwéf [D$na H$ho hþE] (Xmof
a{hV) nƒrg Xmofa{hV [VWm] (JwUg{hV) {Z…e§H$m{X AmR> JwUm| g{hV
(gå`½Xae) gå`½Xe©Z go (gO¡ h¢) ^y{fV h¢ [CÝh|] (M[aV_moh de)
AàË`m»`mZmdaUr` Mm[aÌ_mohZr` H$_© Ho$ CX`de (boe) qH${MV² ^r
(g§O_) g§`_ (Z) Zht h¡ (n¡) VWm{n (gwaZmW$) Xodm| Ho$ ñdm_r BÝÐ
[CZH$s] (OO¡ h¢) nyOm H$aVo h¢; [`Ú{n do] (Johr) J¥hñW h¢ (n¡) VWm{n
(J¥h _|) Ka _| (Z aM¢) Zht amMVoŸ& (Á`m|) [OgàH$ma (H$_b) H$_b
(ObV¢) Ob go ({^Þ) {^Þ h¡, [VWm] (`Wm) {OgàH$ma (H$mXo _|)
H$sM‹S> _| (ho_) gwdU© (A_b h¡) ewÕ ahVm h¡, [CgràH$ma CZH$m Ka _|]
(ZJa Zm[aH$m¡) doí`m Ho$ (ß`ma `Wm) ào_ H$s ^m±{V (ß`ma) ào_ [hmoVm h¡]Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Omo {ddoH$s nƒrg Xmof a{hV VWm AmR> A§J (AmR> JwU)
g{hV gå`½Xe©Z YmaU H$aVo h¢, CÝh| AàË`m»`mZmdaUr` H$fm` Ho$ Vrd«
CX` go `wº$ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU, `Ú{n g§`_^md boe_mÌ Zht hmoVm; VWm{n
BÝÐm{X CZH$s nyOm (AmXa) H$aVo h¢Ÿ& {OgàH$ma nmZr _| ahZo na ^r H$_b
36
Vrgar T>mb 63
nmZr go A{bá ahVm h¡, CgràH$ma gå`½Ñ{ï> Ka _| ahVo hþE ^r J¥hñWXem _|
{bá Zht hmoVm, CXmgrZ ({Z_m}h) ahVm h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma 1doí`m H$m ào_ _mÌ n¡go
go hr hmoVm h¡, _Zwî` na Zht hmoVm; CgràH$ma gå`½Ñ{ï> H$m ào_ gå`ŠËd _| hr
hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw J¥hñWnZo _| Zht hmoVmŸ& VWm {OgàH$ma gmoZm H$sM‹S> _| n‹S>o
ahZo na ^r {Z_©b ahVm h¡, CgràH$ma gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord J¥hñWXem _| ahZo na ^r
Cg_| {bá Zht hmoVm; Š`m|{H$ dh Cgo 2Ë`mÁ` (Ë`mJZo `mo½`) _mZVm h¡Ÿ&3
gå`ŠËd H$s _{h_m, gå`½Ñ{ï> Ho$ AZwËn{Îm ñWmZ VWm
gdm}Îm_ gwI Am¡a gd© Y_© H$m _yb
àW_ ZaH$ {dZ fQ²> ^y Á`mo{Vf dmZ ^dZ f§S> ZmarŸ&
Wmda {dH$bÌ` new _| Zqh, CnOV gå`H²$ YmarŸ&&
VrZbmoH$ {Vhþ±H$mb _mqh Zqh, Xe©Z gmo gwIH$marŸ&
gH$b Y_© H$mo _yb `hr, Bg {dZ H$aZr XwIH$marŸ&&16Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gå`H²$Ymar) gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord (àW_ ZaH$ {dZ) nhbo
ZaH$ Ho$ A{V[aº$ (fQ²> ^y) eof N>h ZaH$m| _| - (Á`mo{Vf) Á`mo{Vfr Xodm|
1. `hm± doí`m Ho$ ào_ go _mÌ A{báVm H$s VwbZm H$s JB© h¡Ÿ&
2. {df`mgº$… A{n gXm gdm©aå^ofw dV©_mZ… A{nŸ&
_moh{dbmg… Ef… B{V gd© … _Ý`Vo ho`_²Ÿ&&341Ÿ&& (ñdm_r H$m{V©Ho$`mZwàojm)
3. amoJr H$m Am¡f{YgodZ Am¡a ~ÝXr H$m H$mamJ¥h ^r BgHo$ Ñï>mÝV h¢Ÿ&
64 N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 65

_|, (dmZ) ì`§Va Xodm| _|, (^dZ) ^dZdmgr Xodm| _| (f§S>) Znw§gH$m| _|, ""Xm¡b'' g_P gwZ MoV g`mZo, H$mb d¥Wm _V Imod¡Ÿ&
(Zmar) {ó`m| _|, (Wmda) nm±M ñWmdam| _|, ({dH$bÌ`) ÛrpÝÐ`, ÌrpÝÐ` `h Za^d {\$a {_bZ H${R>Z h¡, Omo gå`H²$ Zqh hmodoŸ&&17Ÿ&&
Am¡a MVw[apÝÐ` Ordm| _| VWm (new _|$) H$_©^y{_ Ho$ newAm| _| (Zqh CnOV)
CËnÞ Zht hmoVoŸ& (VrZ bmoH$) VrZbmoH$ ({Vhþ±H$mb _mqh) VrZH$mb _|
(Xe©Z gmo) gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ g_mZ (gwIH$mar) gwIXm`H$ (Zqh) AÝ` Hw$N>
Zht h¡, (`hr) `h gå`½Xe©Z hr (gH$b Ya_ H$mo) g_ñV Y_m] H$m (_yb)
_yb h¡; (Bg {dZ) Bg gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm (H$aZr) g_ñV {H«$`mE±
(Xw…IH$mar) Xw…IXm`H$ h¢Ÿ&
AÝd`mW© …- [`h gå`½Xe©Z] (_moj_hb H$s) _mojê$nr _hb H$s
^mdmW© …- gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord Am`w nyU© hmoZo na O~ _¥Ë`w àmá H$aVo h¢, (naW_) àW_ (gr‹T>r) gr‹T>r h¡; (`m {~Z) Bg gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm (kmZ
V~ Xygao go gmVd| ZaH$ Ho$ ZmaH$s, Á`mo{Vfr, ì`ÝVa, ^dZdmgr, Znw§gH$, M[aÌm) kmZ Am¡a Mm[aÌ (gå`H$Vm) gƒmB© (Z bh¡) àmá Zht H$aVo;
g~ àH$ma H$s ór, EHo$pÝÐ`, Ûr{ÝÐ`, ÌrpÝÐ`, MVw[apÝÐ` Am¡a H$_©^y{_ Ho$ Bg{b`o (^ì`) ho ^ì` Ordmo ! (gmo) Eogo (n{dÌm) n{dÌ (Xe©Z)
new Zht hmoVo; (ZrM Hw$b dmbo, {dH¥$V A§Jdmbo, Aënm`wdmbo VWm X[aÐr
gå`½Xe©Z H$mo (Ymamo) YmaU H$amoŸ& (g`mZo "Xmob') ho g_PXma Xm¡bVam_!
Zht hmoVo) {d_mZdmgr Xod, ^moJ^y{_ Ho$ _Zwî` AWdm {V`ªM hr hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
(gwZ) gwZ, (g_P) g_P Am¡a (MoV) gmdYmZ hmo, (H$mb) g_` H$mo
H$_©^y{_ Ho$ {V`ªM ^r Zht hmoVoŸ& H$Xm{MV² 1ZaH$ _| Om`| Vmo nhbo ZaH$ go
(d¥Wm) ì`W© (_V Imod¡) Z J±dm; [Š`m|{H$] (Omo) `{X (gå`H²$) gå`½Xe©Z
ZrMo Zht OmVoŸ& VrZbmoH$ Am¡a VrZH$mb _| gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ g_mZ gwIXm`H$
(Zqh hmod¡) Zht hþAm Vmo (`h) `h (Za ^d) _Zwî` n`m©` ({\$a) nwZ…
AÝ` H$moB© dñVw Zht h¡Ÿ& `h gå`½Xe©Z hr gd© Y_m] H$m _yb h¡Ÿ& BgHo$
({_bZ) {_bZm (H${R>Z h¡) Xwb©^ h¡Ÿ&
A{V[aº$ {OVZo {H«$`mH$mÊS> h¢, do Xw…IXm`H$ h¢Ÿ&
gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ {~Zm kmZ Am¡a Mm[aÌ H$m {_Ï`mnZm ^mdmW© …- `h 1gå`½Xe©Z hr _mojê$nr _hb _| nhþ±MZo H$s àW_
_moj_hb H$s naW_ gr‹T>r, `m {~Z kmZ M[aÌmŸ& gr‹T>r h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ {~Zm kmZ Am¡a Mm[aÌ gå`H²$nZo H$mo àmá Zht hmoVo AWm©V²
gå`H$Vm Z bh¡, gmo Xe©Z, Ymamo ^ì` n{dÌmŸ&& O~ VH$ gå`½Xe©Z Z hmo, V~ VH$ kmZ dh {_Ï`mkmZ Am¡a Mm[aÌ dh
{_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$hbmVm h¡, gå`½kmZ VWm gå`ŠMm[aÌ Zht H$hbmVoŸ& Bg{b`o
1. Eogr Xem _| gå`½Ñ{ï> àW_ ZaH$ Ho$ Znw§gH$m| _| ^r CËnÞ hmoVm h¡; CZgo {^Þ AÝ`
àË`oH$ AmË_mWu H$mo Eogm n{dÌ gå`½Xe©Z Adí` YmaU H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
Znw§gH$m| _| CgH$s CËn{Îm hmoZo H$m {ZfoY h¡Ÿ&
{Q>ßnUr …- {OgàH$ma lo{UH$ amOm gmVd| ZaH$ H$s Am`w H$m ~ÝY H$aHo$, {\$a npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or AnZo AmË_m H$mo gå~moY H$a H$hVo h¢ {H$ - ho {ddoH$s
gå`ŠËd H$mo àmá hþE Wo; Cggo `Ú{n CÝh| ZaH$ _| Vmo OmZm hr n‹S>m, {H$ÝVw Am`w gmVd| ZaH$ AmË_m! Vy Eogo n{dÌ gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo ñd`§ gwZH$a AÝ` AZw^dr
go KQ>H$a nhbo ZaH$ H$s hr ahrŸ& BgàH$ma Omo Ord gå`½Xe©Z àmá H$aZo go nyd© {V`ªM
AWdm _Zwî` Am`w H$m ~ÝY H$aVo h¢, do ^moJ^y{_ _| OmVo h¢; {H$ÝVw H$_©^y{_ _| {V`ªM AWdm 1. gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord H$s, {ZíM` Hw$J{V Z hmo`Ÿ&
_Zwî`ê$n _| CËnÞ Zht hmoVoŸ& nyd©~ÝY V¢ hmo` Vmo gå`H²$ Xmof Z H$mo`Ÿ&&
37
66 N>hT>mbm
km{Z`m| go àmá H$aZo _| gmdYmZ hmo; AnZo A_yë` _Zwî` OrdZ H$mo ì`W© Z
J±dmŸ& Bg OÝ_ _| hr `{X gå`ŠËd àmá Z {H$`m Vmo {\$a _Zwî`n`m©` Am{X
AÀN>o `moJ nwZ… nwZ… àmá Zht hmoVoŸ&17Ÿ&
Vrgar T>mb H$m gmam§e
AmË_m H$m H$ë`mU gwI àmá H$aZo _| h¡Ÿ& AmHw$bVm H$m {_Q> OmZm, dh
gƒm gwI h¡Ÿ& _moj hr gwIñdê$n h¡; Bg{b`o àË`oH$ AmË_mWu H$mo _moj_mJ©
_| àd¥{Îm H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
gå`½Xe©Z-gå`½kmZ-gå`ŠMm[aÌ - BZ VrZm| H$s EH$Vm, gmo _moj_mJ©
h¡Ÿ& CgH$m H$WZ Xmo àH$ma go h¡Ÿ& {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ Vmo dmñVd
_| _moj_mJ© h¡ Am¡a ì`dhma-gå`½Xe©ZkmZ-Mm[aÌ dh _moj_mJ© Zht h¡,
{H$ÝVw dmñVd _| ~ÝY_mJ© h¡; bo{H$Z {ZíM`_moj_mJ© _| ghMa hmoZo go Cgo
ì`dhma _moj_mJ© H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
AmË_m H$s naÐì`m| go {^ÞVm H$m `WmW© lÕmZ, gmo {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z h¡
Am¡a naÐì`m| go {^ÞVm H$m `WmW© kmZ, gmo {ZíM`gå`½kmZ h¡Ÿ& naÐì`m| H$m
Ambå~Z N>mo‹S>H$a AmË_ñdê$n _| brZ hmoZm, gmo {ZíM`gå`ŠMm[aÌ h¡Ÿ&
gmVm| VÎdm| H$m `WmdV² ^oXê$n AQ>b lÕmZ H$aZm, gmo ì`dhmagå`½Xe©Z
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& `Ú{n gmV VÎdm| Ho$ ^oX H$s AQ>b lÕm ew^amJ hmoZo go dh
dmñVd _| gå`½Xe©Z Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw {ZMbr Xem _| (Mm¡Wo, nm±Md| Am¡a
N> R > d | Jw U ñWmZ _| ) {ZíM`gå`ŠËd Ho $ gmW ghMa hmo Z o go dh
ì`dhmagå`½Xe©Z H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
AmR> _X, VrZ _y‹T>Vm, N>h AZm`VZ Am¡a e§H$m{X AmR> Xmof - `o
gå`ŠËd Ho$ nƒrg Xmof h¢ VWm {Z…e§{H$Vm{X AmR> gå`ŠËd Ho$ A§J (JwU)
h¢; CÝh| ^br^m±{V OmZH$a Xmof H$m Ë`mJ VWm JwU H$m J«hU H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
Omo {ddoH$s Ord {ZíM`gå`ŠËd H$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡; Cgo O~ VH$
{Z~©bVm h¡, V~ VH$ nwéfmW© H$s _ÝXVm Ho$ H$maU `Ú{n qH${MV² g§`_ Zht
38
Vrgar T>mb 67
hmoVm, VWm{n dh BÝÐm{X Ho$ Ûmam nyOm OmVm h¡Ÿ& VrZbmoH$ Am¡a VrZH$mb _|
{ZíM`gå`ŠËd Ho$ g_mZ gwIH$mar AÝ` H$moB© dñVw Zht h¡Ÿ& gd© Y_m] H$m
_yb, gma VWm _moj_mJ© H$s àW_ gr‹T>r `h gå`ŠËd hr h¡; CgHo$ {~Zm kmZ
Am¡a Mm[aÌ gå`H²$nZo H$mo àmá Zht hmoVo, {H$ÝVw {_Ï`m H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&
Am`wî` H$m ~ÝY hmoZo go nyd© gå`ŠËd YmaU H$aZodmbm Ord _¥Ë`w Ho$
níMmV² Xygao ^d _| ZmaH$s, Á`mo{Vfr, ì`§Va, ^dZdmgr, Znwg§ H$, ór, ñWmda,
{dH$bÌ`, new, hrZm§J, ZrM JmoÌdmbm, Aënm`w VWm X[aÐr Zht hmoVmŸ& _Zwî`
Am¡a {V`ªM gå`½Ñ{ï> _aH$a d¡_m{ZH$ Xod hmoVm h¡ Xod Am¡a ZmaH$s gå`½Ñ{ï>
_aH$a H$_©^y{_ _| CÎm_ joÌ _| _Zwî` hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `{X gå`½Xe©Z hmoZo go nyd©
- 1 Xod, 2 _Zwî`, 3 {V`ªM `m 4 ZaH$m`w H$m ~ÝY hmo J`m hmo Vmo dh
_aH$a 1 d¡_m{ZH$ Xod, 2 ^moJ^y{_ H$m _Zwî`, 3 ^moJ^y{_ H$m {V`ªM AWdm
4 àW_ ZaH$ H$m ZmaH$s hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bggo A{YH$ ZrMo Ho$ ñWmZ _| OÝ_ Zht
hmoVmŸ& BgàH$ma {ZíM` gå`½Xe©Z H$s Anma _{h_m h¡Ÿ&
Bg{b`o àË`oH$ AmË_mWu H$mo gV² emóm| H$m ñdmÜ`m`, VÎdMMm©,
gËg_mJ_ VWm `WmW© VÎd{dMma Ûmam {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z àmá H$aZm Mm{hE;
Š`m|{H$ `{X Bg _Zwî`^d _| {ZíM`gå`ŠËd àmá Zht {H$`m Vmo nwZ…
_Zwî`n`m©` àm{á Am{X H$m gw`moJ {_bZm H${R>Z h¡Ÿ&
Vrgar T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
AMoVZ Ðì` …- nwX²Jb, Y_©, AY_©, AmH$me Am¡a H$mbŸ&
MoVZ EH$, AMoVZ nm±Mm|, ah| gXm JwU-n`©`dmZŸ&
Ho$db nwX²Jb ê$ndmZ h¡, nm±Mm| eof Aê$nr OmZŸ&&
A§Va§J n[aJ«h …- 1 {_Ï`mËd, 4 H$fm`, 9 ZmoH$fm`Ÿ&
Amòd …- 5 {_Ï`mËd, 12 A{da{V, 25 H$fm`, 15 `moJŸ&
H$maU …- CnmXmZ Am¡a {Z{_ÎmŸ&
68 N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 69

Ðì`H$_© …- kmZmdaUm{X AmR>Ÿ& Am¡a Ho$dbkmZr na_mË_mŸ&

ZmoH$_© …- Am¡Xm[aH$, d¡{H«${`H$ Am¡a AmhmaH$m{X earaŸ& AbmoH$ …- Ohm± AmH$me Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` Ðì` Zht h¡, dh ñWmZŸ&
n[aJ«h …- AÝVa§J Am¡a ~{ha§JŸ& A{da{V …- nmnm| _| àd¥{Îm AWm©V² 1. {Z{d©H$ma ñdg§doXZ go
à_mX …- 4 {dH$Wm, 4 H$fm`, 5 B{ÝÐ`, 1 {ZÐm, 1 àU` {dnarV Ad«V n[aUm_, 2. N>h H$m` (nm±Mm| ñWmda
(ñZoh)Ÿ& VWm EH$ ÌgH$m`) Ordm| H$s qhgm Ho$ Ë`mJê$n ^md Z
~{ha§J n[aJ«h …- joÌ, _H$mZ, gmoZm, Mm±Xr, YZ, YmÝ`, Xmgr, Xmg, hmoZm VWm nm±M BpÝÐ` Am¡a _Z Ho$ {df`m| _| àd¥{Îm
dó Am¡a ~V©Z - `o Xg h¢Ÿ& H$aZm - Eogo ~mah àH$ma A{da{V h¡Ÿ&
^mdH$_© …- {_Ï`mËd, amJ, Ûof, H«$moYm{XŸ& A{da{V gå`½X¥{ï> …- gå`½Xe©Z g{hV, {H$ÝVw d«Va{hV - Eogo Mm¡Wo
_X …- AmR> àH$ma Ho$ h¢ …- JwUñWmZdVu OrdŸ&
Om{V bm^ Hw$b ê$n Vn, ~b {dÚm A{YH$maŸ& Am{ñVŠ` …- Ordm{X N>h Ðì`, nwÊ` Am¡a nmn, g§da, {ZO©am,
BZH$mo Jd© Z H$s{O`o, `o _X Aï> àH$maŸ&& _moj VWm na_mË_m Ho$ à{V {dídmg, gmo AmpñVŠ`
{_Ï`mËd …- {dnarV, EH$mÝV, {dZ`, g§e` Am¡a AkmZŸ& H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
ag …- Imam, IÅ>m, _rR>m, H$‹S>dm, Manam Am¡a H$fm`bmŸ& H$fm` …- Omo AmË_m H$mo Xw…I Xo, JwUm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo amoHo$
VWm naV§Ì H$ao, dhŸ& `mZr {_Ï`mËd VWm H«$moY,
ê$n …- (a§J) - H$mbm, nrbm, Zrbm, bmb Am¡a g\o$X -
_mZ, _m`m Am¡a bmo^ - `o H$fm`^md h¢Ÿ&
`o nm±M ê$n h¢Ÿ&
JwUñWmZ …- _moh Am¡a `moJ Ho$ gØmd `m A^md go AmË_m Ho$
ñne© …- hbH$m, ^mar, ê$Im, {MH$Zm, H$‹S>m, H$mo_b, R>ÊS>m
JwUm| (gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ) H$s hrZm{YH$VmZwgma
J_© - `o AmR> ñne© h¢Ÿ&
hmoZodmbr AdñWmAm| H$mo JwUñWmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Vrgar T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h (dam§JM[aÌ, n¥ð> 362)Ÿ&
AZm`VZ …- Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod, Hw$Y_© Am¡a BZ VrZm| Ho$ godH$ - `o Km{V`m …- AZÝV MVwï>` H$mo amoH$Zo _| {Z{_Îmê$n H$_© H$mo Km{V`m
N>hm| AY_© Ho$ ñWmZH$Ÿ& H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
AZm`VZ Xmof …- gå`ŠËd H$m Zme H$aZodmbo Hw$Xodm{X H$s àe§gm Mm[aÌ_moh …- AmË_m Ho$ Mm[aÌ H$mo amoH$Zo _| {Z{_Îm, gmo _mohZr`H$_©Ÿ&
H$aZmŸ&
{OZoÝÐ …- Mma Km{V`m H$_m] H$mo OrVH$a Ho$dbkmZm{X AZÝV-
AZwH$ånm …- àmUr _mÌ na X`m H$m ^mdŸ& MVwï>` àH$Q> H$aZodmbo 18 Xmofa{hV na_mË_mŸ&
A[ahÝV …- Mma Km{VH$_m] go a{hV, AZÝVMVwï>` g{hV drVamJ Xod_y‹T>Vm …- ^`, Amem, ñZoh, bmo^de amJr-Ûofr Xodm| H$s
39
70 N>hT>mbm Vrgar T>mb 71

godm H$aZm AWdm d§XZ-Z_ñH$ma H$aZmŸ& H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

Xoed«Vr …- lmdH$ Ho$ d«Vm| H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbo gå`½X¥{ï>, nm±Md| ewÕmon`moJ …- ew^ Am¡a Aew^ amJ-Ûof H$s n[aU{V go a{hV
JwUñWmZ _| dV©Zdo mbo OrdŸ& gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ g{hV Mm[aÌ H$s pñWaVmŸ&
{Z{_ÎmH$maU …- Omo ñd`§ H$m`©ê$n n[aU{_V Z hmo, {H$ÝVw H$m`© H$s gm_mÝ` JwU …- gd© Ðì`m| _| g_mZVm go {dÚ_mZ JwUm| H$mo gm_mÝ`
CËn{Îm Ho$ g_` CnpñWV aho, dh H$maUŸ& H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ZmoH$_© …- Am¡Xm[aH$m{X nm±M eara VWm N>h n`m©{á`m| Ho$ `mo½` gm_mÝ` …- àË`oH$ dñVw _| Ì¡H$m{bH$ Ðì`-JwUê$n, A^oX
nwX²Jb na_mUw ZmoH$_© H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ê$n ^md H$mo gm_mÝ` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
nmI§S>r _y‹T>Vm …- amJr-Ûofr Am¡a dóm{X n[aJ«hYmar, PyR>o VWm Hw$qbJr {gÕ …- AmR> JwUm| g{hV VWm AmR> H$_m] Ed§ eara a{hV
gmYwAm| H$s godm H$aZm AWdm d§XZ-Z_ñH$ma H$aZmŸ& na_oð>rŸ& (ì`dhma go _w»` AmR> JwU Am¡a {ZíM` go
nwX²Jb …- Omo nwao Am¡a JboŸ& na_mUw ~ÝYñd^mdr hmoZo go {_bVo AZÝV JwU àË`oH$ {gÕ na_mË_m _| h¢Ÿ&
h¢ VWm n¥WH²$ hmoVo h¢, Bg{b`o do nwX²Jb H$hbmVo g§doJ …- g§gma go ^` hmoZm Am¡a Y_© VWm Y_© Ho$ \$b _|
h¢Ÿ& AWdm {Og_| ê$n, ag, JÝY Am¡a ñne© hmo; dh na_ CËgmh hmoZmŸ& gmY_u Am¡a n§Mna_oð>r _| àr{V
nwXJ² b h¡Ÿ& H$mo ^r g§doJ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
à_mX …- ñdê$n _| AgmdYmZrnyd©H$ àd¥{Îm AWdm Ym{_©H$ {Zd}X …- g§gma, eara Am¡a ^moJm| _| gå`H²$ àH$ma go CXmgrZVm
H$m`m] _| AZwËgmhŸ& AWm©V² d¡am½`Ÿ&
àe_ …- AZÝVmZw~ÝYr H$fm` Ho$ AÝVnyd©H$ eof H$fm`m| AÝVa-àXe©Z
H$m A§eV… _ÝX hmoZm, gmoŸ& (n§MmÜ`m`r ^mJ 2,
(1) Ord Ho$ _moh-amJ-Ûofê$n n[aUm_, dh ^md-Amòd h¡ Am¡a Cg
JmWm 428)
n[aUm_ _| pñZ½YVm, dh ^md~ÝY h¡Ÿ&
_X …- Ah§H$ma, K_ÊS>, A{^_mZŸ& (2) AZm`VZ _| Vmo Hw$Xodm{X H$s àe§gm H$s OmVr h¡, {H$ÝVw _y‹T>Vm _| Vmo
^mdH$_© …- {_Ï`mËd, amJ-Ûofm{X Ord Ho$ _{bZ ^mdŸ& CZH$s godm, nyOm Am¡a {dZ` H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
{_Ï`mX¥{ï> …- VÎdm| H$s {dnarV lÕm H$aZodmboŸ& (3) _mVm Ho$ d§e H$mo Om{V Am¡a {nVm Ho$ d§e H$mo Hw$b H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
bmoH$_y‹T>Vm …- Y_© g_PH$a Obme`m| _| ñZmZ H$aZm VWm aoV, (4) Y_©Ðì` Vmo N>h Ðì`m| _| go EH$ Ðì` h¡ Am¡a Y_© dh dñVw H$m ñd^md
nËWa Am{X H$m T>oa ~ZmZm - Am{X H$m`©Ÿ& AWdm JwU h¡Ÿ&
{deof Y_© …- Omo Y_© A_wH$ {d{eï> Ðì` _| aho, Cgo {deof Y_© (5) {ZíM`Z` dñVw Ho$ `WmW© ñdê$n H$mo ~VbmVm h¡Ÿ& ì`dhmaZ` ñdÐì`-
40
72 N>hT>mbm
naÐì` H$m AWdm CZHo$ ^mdm| H$m AWdm H$maU-H$m`m©{XH$ H$m {H$gr
H$mo {H$gr _| {_bmH$a {Zê$nU H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Eogo hr lÕmZ go {_Ï`mËd h¡,
Bg{b`o CgH$m Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&(_moj_mJ© àH$meH$, AÜ`m` 7)
(6) {ZH$b (eara a{hV) na_mË_m AmR>m| H$_m] go a{hV h¢ Am¡a gH$b
(eara g{hV) na_mË_m H$mo Mma AKm{VH$_© hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
(7) gm_mÝ` Y_© AWdm JwU Vmo AZoH$ dñVwAm| _| ahVm h¡, {H$ÝVw {deof
Y_© `m {deof JwU Vmo A_wH$ Img dñVw _| hr hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
(8) gå`½Xe©Z A§Jr h¡ Am¡a {Z…e§{H$V A§J CgH$m EH$ A§J h¡Ÿ&
Vrgar T>mb H$s àíZmdbr
(1) AOrd, AY_©, AZm`VZ, AbmoH$, AÝVamË_m, A[ahÝV, AmH$me,
AmË_m, Amòd, AmR> A§J, AmR> _X, CÎm_ AÝVamË_m, Cn`moJ,
H$fm`, H$mb, Hw$b, JÝY, Mm[aÌ_moh, OKÝ` AÝVamË_m, Om{V,
Ord, _X, Xod_y‹T>Vm, Ðì`H$_©, {ZH$b, {ZíM`H$mb, gå`½Xe©Z-
kmZ-Mm[aÌ, _moj_mJ©, {ZO©am, ZmoH$_©, na_mË_m, nmI§S>r _y‹T>Vm,
nwX²Jb, ~{hamË_m, ~ÝY, _Ü`_ AÝVamË_m, _y‹T>Vm, _moj, ag, ê$n
bmoH$_yT‹ >Vm, {deof, {dH$bÌ`, ì`dhmaH$mb, gå`½Xe©Z, e_, gƒo
Xod-Jwé-emó, gwI, gH$b na_mË_m, g§da, g§doJ, gm_mÝ`, {gÕ
VWm ñne© Am{X Ho$ bjU ~VbmAmoŸ&
(2) AZm`VZ Am¡a _y‹T>Vm _|, Om{V Am¡a Hw$b _|, Y_© Am¡a Y_©Ðì` _|,
{ZíM` Am¡a ì`dhma _|, gH$b Am¡a {ZH$b _|, {Z…H$m§{jV Am¡a
{Z…e§{H$V A§J _| VWm gm_mÝ` JwU Am¡a {deof JwU Am{X _| Š`m
AÝVa h¡?
(3) AUwd«Vr H$m AmË_m, AmË_{hV, MoVZ Ðì`, {ZamHw$b Xem AWdm
ñWmZ, gmV VÎd, CZH$m gma, Y_© H$m _yb, gdm}Îm_ Y_©, gå`½Ñ{ï>
H$mo Z_ñH$ma Ho$ A`mo½` VWm ho`-CnmXo` VÎdm| Ho$ Zm_ ~VbmAmoŸ&
(4) AKm{V`m, A§J, AOrd, AZm`VZ, AÝVamË_m, AÝVa§J-n[aJ«h,
41
Vrgar T>mb 73
A_y{V©H$ Ðì`, AmH$me, AmË_m, Amòd, H$_©, H$fm`, H$maU,
H$mbÐì`, J§Y, Km{V`m, OrdVÎd, Ðì`, Xw…IXm`H$ ^md, Ðì`H$_©,
ZmoH$_©, na_mË_m, n[aJ«h, nwX²Jb Ho$ JwU, ^mdH$_©, à_mX, ~{ha§J
n[aJ«h, _X, {_Ï`mËd, _y‹T>Vm, _moj_mJ©, `moJ, ê$nr Ðì`, ag, dU©,
gå`ŠËd Ho$ Xmof Am¡a gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ Ho$ ^oX ~VbmAmoŸ&
(5) VÎdkmZ hmoZo na ^r Ag§`_, Ad«Vr H$s nyÁ`Vm, AmË_m Ho$ Xw…I,
gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ, gå`ŠMm[aÌ VWm gå`½Ñ{ï> H$m Hw$Xodm{X H$mo
Z_ñH$ma Z H$aZm - Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~VbmAmoŸ&
(6) A_y{V©H$ Ðì`, na_mË_m Ho$ Ü`mZ go bm^, _w{Z H$m AmË_m, _y{V©H$
Ðì`, _moj H$m ñWmZ Am¡a Cnm`, ~{hamË_nZo Ho$ Ë`mJ H$m H$maU;
gƒo gwI H$m Cnm` Am¡a gå`½Ñ{ï> H$s CËn{Îm Z hmoZodmbo ñWmZ -
BZH$m ñnï>rH$aU H$amoŸ&
(7) A_wH$ nX, MaU AWdm N>ÝX H$m AW© VWm ^mdmW© ~VbmAmo;
Vrgar T>mb H$m gmam§e gwZmAmoŸ& AmË_m, _moj_mJ©, Ord, N>h Ðì`
Am¡a gå`ŠËd Ho$ Xmof na boI {bImoŸ&
Xe©Z-ñVw{V
{ZaIV {OZMÝÐ-dXZ ñd-nX gwé{M AmB©Ÿ&
àH$Q>r {ZO AmZ H$s {nN>mZ kmZ ^mZ H$sŸ&
H$bm CÚmoV hmoV H$m_-Om_Zr nbmB©Ÿ&&{ZaIV.Ÿ&&
emídV AmZÝX ñdmX nm`mo {dZñ`mo {dfmXŸ&
AmZ _| A{Zï>-Bï> H$ënZm ZgmB©Ÿ&& {ZaIV.Ÿ&&
gmYr {ZO gmY H$s g_m{Y _moh-ì`m{Y H$sŸ&
Cnm{Y H$mo {dam{Y H¢$ AmamYZm gwhmB©Ÿ&&{ZaIV.Ÿ&&
YZ {XZ {N>Z AmO gwJ{w Z {MÝV¡ {OZamO A~¡Ÿ&
gwYamo g~ H$mO "Xm¡b' AMb [a{Õ nmB©Ÿ&&{ZaIV.Ÿ&&
- n§. Xm¡bVam_
70 N>hT>mbm
Mm¡Wr T>mb
gå`½kmZ H$m bjU Am¡a CgH$m g_`
( Xmohm )
gå`H²$ lÕm Ym[a nw{Z, godhþ gå`½kmZŸ&
ñd-na AW© ~hþ Y_©OVw , Omo àH$Q>mdZ ^mZŸ&&1Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gå`H²$ lÕm) gå`½Xe©Z (Ym[a) YmaU H$aHo$ (nw{Z)
{\$a (gå`½kmZ) gå`½kmZ H$m (godhþ) godZ H$amo; [Omo gå`½kmZ] (~hþ
Y_©OwV) AZoH$ Y_m©Ë_H$ (ñdna AW©) AnZm Am¡a Xygao nXmWm] H$m
(àH$Q>mdZ) kmZ H$amZo _| (^mZ) gy`© g_mZ h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- gå`½Xe©Z g{hV gå`½kmZ H$mo Ñ‹T> H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& {OgàH$ma
gy`© g_ñV nXmWm] H$mo VWm ñd`§ AnZo H$mo `WmdV² Xem©Vm h¡, CgràH$ma Omo
AZoH$ Y_©`wº$ ñd`§ AnZo H$mo (AmË_m H$mo) VWm na nXmWm] H$mo1 Á`m| H$m
Ë`m| ~VbmVm h¡, Cgo gå`½kmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
gå`½Xe©Z Am¡a gå`½kmZ _| AÝVa
(amobm N>ÝX)
gå`H²$ gmW¡ kmZ hmo`, n¡ {^Þ AamYm¡Ÿ&
bjU lÕm OmZ, Xwhÿ _| ^oX A~mYm¡Ÿ&&
1. ñdmnydm©W©ì`dgm`mË_H§$ kmZ§ à_mU_²Ÿ& (à_o`aËZ_mbm, à. C. gyÌ-1)
42
Mm¡Wr T>mb 75
gå`H²$ H$maU OmZ, kmZ H maO h¡ gmoB©Ÿ&
`wJnV² hmoVo hÿ, àH$me XrnH$V¢ hmoB©Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gå`H²$ gmW¡) gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ gmW (kmZ) gå`½kmZ
(hmo`) hmoVm h¡ (n¡) VWm{n [CZ XmoZm| H$mo] ({^Þ) {^Þ (AamYm¡) g_PZm
Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ (bjU) CZ XmoZm| Ho$ bjU [H«$_e…] (lÕm) lÕm H$aZm
Am¡a (OmZ) OmZZm h¡ VWm (gå`H$²) gå`½Xe©Z (H$maU) H$maU h¡ Am¡a
(kmZ) gå`½kmZ (H$maO) H$m`© h¡Ÿ& (gmoB©) `h ^r (Xwhÿ _|) XmoZm| _| (^oX)
AÝVa (A~mYm¡) {Z~m©Y h¡Ÿ& [{OgàH$ma] (`wJnV²) EH$gmW (hmoVo hÿ) hmoZo
na ^r (àH$me) COmbm (XrnH$V¢) XrnH$ H$s Á`mo{V go (hmoB©) hmoVm h¡,
CgràH$maŸ&
^mdmW© …- gå`½Xe©Z Am¡a gå`½kmZ `Ú{n EH$gmW àH$Q> hmoVo h¢,
VWm{n do XmoZm| {^Þ-{^Þ JwUm| H$s n`m©`| h¢Ÿ& gå`½Xe©Z lÕmJwU H$s ewÕn`m©`
h¡ Am¡a gå`½kmZ kmZJwU H$s ewÕn`m©` h¡Ÿ& nwZíM, gå`½Xe©Z H$m bjU
{dnarV A{^àm` a{hV VÎdmW©lÕm h¡ Am¡a gå`½kmZ H$m bjU g§e`1
Am{X Xmof a{hV ñd-na H$m `WmW©V`m {ZU©` h¡ - BgàH$ma XmoZm| Ho$ bjU
{^Þ-{^Þ h¢Ÿ&
VWm gå`½Xe©Z {Z{_ÎmH$maU h¡ Am¡a gå`½kmZ Z¡{_{ÎmH$ H$m`© h¡ -
BgàH$ma CZ XmoZm| _| H$maU-H$m`©^md go ^r AÝVa h¡Ÿ&
1. g§e`, {d_moh, ({d^«_-{dn`©`) A{ZYm©a (AZÜ`dgm`)Ÿ&
76 N>hT>mbm Mm¡Wr T>mb 77

àíZ …- kmZ-lÕmZ Vmo `wJnV² (EH$gmW) hmoVo h¢ Vmo CZ_| H$maU- XoeàË`j (h¢) h¢; [Š`m|{H$ CZ kmZm| go] ({O`) Ord (Ðì` joÌ n[a_mU)
H$m`©nZm Š`m| H$hVo hmo? Ðì` Am¡a joÌ H$s _`m©Xm ({b`o) boH$a (ñdÀN>m) ñnï> (OmZ¢) OmZVm h¡Ÿ&
CÎma …- ""dh hmo Vmo dh hmoVm h¡'' - Bg Anojm go H$maU-H$m`©nZm ^mdmW© …- Bg gå`½kmZ Ho$ Xmo ^oX h¢ - (1) àË`j Am¡a (2) namoj
H$hm h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma XrnH$ Am¡a àH$me XmoZm| `wJnV² hmoVo h¢, VWm{n XrnH$ hmo CZ_| _{VkmZ Am¡a lwVkmZ namojkmZ1 h¢, Š`m|{H$ do XmoZm| kmZ BpÝÐ`m| VWm
Vmo àH$me hmoVm h¡; Bg{b`o XrnH$ H$maU h¡ Am¡a àH$me H$m`© h¡Ÿ& CgràH$ma _Z Ho$ {Z{_Îm go dñVw H$mo Añnï> OmZVo h¢Ÿ& gå`H²$_{V-lwVkmZ ñdmZw^dH$mb
kmZ-lÕmZ ^r h¢Ÿ& _| àË`j hmoVo h¢, CZ_| BpÝÐ` Am¡a _Z {Z{_Îm Zht h¢Ÿ& Ad{YkmZ Am¡a
(_moj_mJ© àH$meH$ (Xohbr) n¥ð> 126)
O~ VH$ gå`½Xe©Z Zht hmoVm, V~ VH$ H$m kmZ gå`½kmZ Zht H$hbmVmŸ&
- Eogm hmoZo go gå`½Xe©Z, dh gå`½kmZ H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ&1
gå`½kmZ Ho$ ^oX, namoj Am¡a XoeàË`j Ho$ bjU
Vmg ^oX Xmo h¢, namoj naV{N> {VZ _mqhŸ&
_{V lwV Xmo` namoj, Aj _ZV¢ CnOmhtŸ&&
Ad[YkmZ _ZnO©` Xmo h¢ Xoe-àVÀN>mŸ&
Ðì` joÌ n[a_mU {b`o OmZ¡ {O` ñdÀN>mŸ&&3Ÿ&&
_Z…n`©`kmZ XoeàË`j2 h¢, Š`m|{H$ Ord BZ Xmo kmZm| go ê$nr Ðì` H$mo Ðì`,
AÝd`mW© …- (Vmg) Cg gå`½kmZ Ho$ (namoj) namoj Am¡a (naV{N>)
joÌ, H$mb Am¡a ^md H$s _`m©Xmnyd©H$ ñnï> OmZVm h¡Ÿ&
àË`j (Xmo) Xmo (^oX h¢) ^oX h¢; ({VZ _mqh) CZ_| (_{V lwV) _{VkmZ
Am¡a lwVkmZ (Xmo`) `o XmoZm| (namoj) namojkmZ h¢Ÿ& [Š`m|{H$ do] (Aj gH$b-àË`j kmZ H$m bjU Am¡a kmZ H$s _{h_m
_ZV¢) BpÝÐ`m| VWm _Z Ho$ {Z{_Îm go (CnOmht) CËnÞ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& (Ad{YkmZ) gH$b Ðì` Ho$ JwZ AZ§V, naOm` AZ§VmŸ&
Ad{YkmZ Am¡a (_ZnO©`) _Z…n`©`kmZ (Xmo) `o XmoZm| kmZ (Xoe-àVÀN>m) OmZ¢ EH¡$ H$mb, àH$Q> Ho$d{b ^JdÝVmŸ&&
1. n¥WJmamYZ{_ï>§ Xe©Zgh^m{dZmo@{n ~moYñ`Ÿ& kmZ g_mZ Z AmZ OJV _| gwI H$m¡ H$maZŸ&
bjU^oXoZ `Vmo ZmZmËd§ g§^dË`Z`mo…Ÿ&&32Ÿ&& B{h na_m_¥V OÝ_Oam_¥{V-amoJ-{ZdmaZŸ&&4Ÿ&&
gå`½kmZ§ H$m`ª gå`ŠËd§ H$maU§ dXpÝV {OZm…Ÿ&
kmZmamYZ{_ï>§ gå`ŠËdmZÝVa§ Vå_mV²Ÿ&&33Ÿ&& 1. Omo kmZ BpÝÐ`m| VWm _Z Ho$ {Z{_Îm go dñVw H$mo Añnï> OmZVm h¡, Cgo namojkmZ
H$maUH$m`©{dYmZ§ g_H$mb§ Om`_mZ`moa{n {hŸ& H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
XrnàH$me`mo[ad gå`ŠËdkmZ`mo… gwKQ>_²Ÿ&&34Ÿ&& 2. Omo kmZ ê$nr dñVw H$mo Ðì`, joÌ, H$mb Am¡a ^md H$s _`m©Xmnyd©H$ ñnï> OmZVm h¡, Cgo
- (lr A_¥VMÝÐmMm`©Xod a{MV nwéfmW©{g{Õ-Cnm`) XoeàË`j H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
43
78 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- [{Og kmZ go] (Ho$d{b ^JdÝVm) Ho$dbkmZr ^JdmZ
(gH$b Ðì` Ho$) N>hm| Ðì`m| Ho$ (AZÝV) An[a{_V (JwZ) JwUm| H$mo Am¡a
(AZÝVm) AZÝV (naOm`) n`m©`m| H$mo (EH¡$ H$mb) EH$ gmW (àH$Q>)
ñnï> (OmZ¢) OmZVo h¢, [Cg kmZ H$mo] (gH$b) gH$b àË`j AWdm
Ho$dbkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& (OJV _|) Bg OJV _| (kmZ g_mZ) gå`½kmZ O¡gm
(AmZ) Xygam H$moB© nXmW© (gwIH$m¡) gwI H$m (Z H$maZ) H$maU Zht h¡Ÿ&
(B{h) `h gå`½kmZ hr (OÝ_Oam_¥ { V-amo J -{ZdmaZ) OÝ_, Oam
[d¥ÕmdñWm] Am¡a _¥Ë`wê$nr amoJm| H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ {bE (na_m_¥V) CËH¥$ï>
A_¥V-g_mZ h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- (1) Omo kmZ VrZH$mb Am¡a VrZbmoH$dVu gd© nXmWm]
(AZÝVY_m©Ë_H$ gd© Ðì`-JwU-n`m©`m| H$mo) àË`oH$ g_` _| `WmpñWV,
n[anyU© ê$n go ñnï> Am¡a EH$gmW OmZVm h¡, Cg kmZ H$mo Ho$dbkmZ H$hVo
h¢; Omo gH$b àË`j h¡Ÿ&
(2) Ðì`, JwU Am¡a n`m©`m| H$mo Ho$dbr ^JdmZ OmZVo h¢, {H$ÝVw CZHo$
Ano{jV Y_m] H$mo Zht OmZ gH$Vo - Eogm _mZZm AgË` h¡Ÿ& VWm do AZÝV
H$mo AWdm _mÌ AnZo AmË_m H$mo hr OmZVo h¢, {H$ÝVw gd© H$mo Zht OmZVo -
Eogm _mZZm ^r Ý`m`{déÕ h¡Ÿ& Ho$dbr ^JdmZ gd©k hmoZo go AZoH$mÝVñdê$n
àË`oH$ dñVw H$mo àË`j OmZVo h¢Ÿ&
(bKw O¡Z {gÕmÝV àdo{eH$m, àíZ - 87)
(3) Bg g§gma _| gå`½kmZ Ho$ g_mZ gwIXm`H$ AÝ` H$moB© dñVw Zht
44
Mm¡Wr T>mb 79
h¡Ÿ& `h gå`½kmZ hr OÝ_, Oam Am¡a _¥Ë`wê$nr VrZ amoJm| H$m Zme H$aZo Ho$
{bE CÎm_ A_¥V-g_mZ h¡Ÿ&
kmZr Am¡a AkmZr Ho$ H$_©Zme Ho$ {df` _| AÝVa
H$mo{Q> OÝ_ Vn Vn¢, kmZ {dZ H$_© Pa¢ OoŸ&
kmZr Ho$ {N>Z _| {ÌJw{á V¢ ghO Q>a¢ VoŸ&&
_w{Zd«V Yma AZÝV~ma J«rdH$ CnOm`moŸ&
n¡ {ZO AmV_kmZ {~Zm, gwI boe Z nm`m¡Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [AkmZr Ord H$mo] (kmZ {~Zm) gå`½kmZ Ho$ {~Zm
(H$mo{Q> OÝ_) H$amo‹S>m| OÝ_m| VH$ (Vn Vn¢) Vn H$aZo go (Oo H$_©) {OVZo
H$_© (Pa¢) Zme hmoVo h¢ (Vo) CVZo H$_© (kmZr Ho$) gå`½kmZr Ord Ho$
({ÌJw{á V¢) _Z, dMZ Am¡a H$m` H$s Amoa H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo amoH$Zo go> [{Z{d©H$ën
ewÕ ñd^md go] ({N>Z _|) jU_mÌ _| (ghO) gabVm go (Q>a¢) Zï> hmo OmVo
h¢Ÿ& [`h Ord] (_w{Zd«V) _w{Z`m| Ho$ _hmd«Vm| H$mo (Yma) YmaU H$aHo$
(AZÝV~ma) AZÝV~ma (J«rdH$) Zdd| J«¡do`H$ VH$ (CnOm`mo) CËnÞ
hþAm, (n¡) naÝVw ({ZO AmV_) AnZo AmË_m Ho$ (kmZ {~Zm) kmZ {~Zm
(boe) qH${MË_mÌ (gwI) gwI (Z nm`mo) àmá Z H$a gH$mŸ&
^mdmW© …- {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord AmË_kmZ (gå`½kmZ) Ho$ {~Zm H$amo‹S>m|
OÝ_m|-^dm| VH$ ~mbVn ê$n CÚ_ H$aHo$ {OVZo H$_m] H$m Zme H$aVm h¡,
CVZo H$_m] H$m Zme gå`½kmZr Ord - ñdmoÝ_wI kmVmnZo Ho$ H$maU ñdê$nJw{á
go - jU_mÌ _| ghO hr H$a S>mbVm h¡Ÿ& `h Ord, _w{Z Ho$ (Ðì`qbJr _w{Z
Ho$) _hmd«Vm| H$mo YmaU H$aHo$ CZHo$ à^md go Zdd| J«¡do`H$ VH$ Ho$ {d_mZ _|
80 N>hT>mbm
AZÝV~ma CËnÞ hþAm, naÝVw AmË_m Ho$ ^oX{dkmZ (gå`½kmZ AWdm ñdmZw^d)
Ho$ {~Zm Ord H$mo dhm± ^r boe_mÌ gwI àmá Zht hþAmŸ&
kmZ Ho$ Xmof Am¡a _Zwî`n`m©` Am{X H$s Xwb©^Vm
VmV¢ {OZda-H${WV VÎd Aä`mg H$arOoŸ&
g§e` {d^«_ _moh Ë`mJ, Amnmo bI brOoŸ&&
`h _mZwf n`m©`, gwHw$b, gw{Zdm¡ {OZdmZrŸ&
Bh {dY J`o Z {_bo, gw_{U Á`m¢ CX{Y g_mZrŸ&&6&&
AÝd`mW© …- (VmV¢) Bg{b`o ({OZda-H${WV) {OZoÝÐ ^JdmZ Ho$
H$ho hþE (VÎd) na_mW© VÎd H$m (Aä`mg) Aä`mg (H$arOo) H$aZm Mm{hE
45
Mm¡Wr T>mb 81
Am¡ a (g§ e `) g§ e ` ({d^« _ ) {dn`© ` VWm (_mo h ) AZÜ`dgm`
[A{ZpíMVVm] H$mo (Ë`mJ) N>mo‹S>H$a (Amnmo) AnZo AmË_m H$mo (bI
brOo) bú` _| boZm Mm{h`o AWm©V² OmZZm Mm{hEŸ& [`{X Eogm Zht {H$`m
Vmo] (`h) `h (_mZwf n`m©`) _Zwî` ^d (gwHw$b) CÎm_ Hw$b Am¡a
({OZdmZr) {OZdmUr H$m (gw{Zdm¡) gwZZm (Bh {dY) Eogm gw`moJ (J`o)
~rV OmZo na, (CX{Y) g_wÐ _| (g_mZr) g_m`o - Sy>~o hþE (gw_{U Á`m|)
gÀMo aËZ H$s ^m±{V [nwZ…] (Z {_b¡) {_bZm H${R>Z h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- AmË_m Am¡a nadñVwAm| Ho$ ^oX{dkmZ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE
{OZXod Ûmam àê${nV gƒo VÎdm| H$m nR>Z-nmR>Z (_ZZ) H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a
g§e`1 {dn`©`2 VWm AZÜ`dgm`3 BZ gå`½kmZ Ho$ VrZ Xmofm| H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$
AmË_ñdê$n H$mo OmZZm Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ {OgàH$ma g_wÐ _| Sy>~m A_yë`
aËZ nwZ… hmW Zht AmVm; CgràH$ma _Zwî` eara, CÎm_ lmdH$Hw$b Am¡a
{OZdMZm| H$m ldU Am{X gw`moJ ^r ~rV OmZo Ho$ ~mX nwZ…-nwZ… àmá Zht
hmoVŸo & Bg{b`o `h Anyd© Adga Z J±dmH$a AmË_ñdê$n H$s n{hMmZ (gå`½kmZ
H$s àm{á) H$aHo$, `h _Zwî`-OÝ_ g\$b H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
gå`½kmZ H$s _{h_m Am¡a H$maU
YZ g_mO JO ~mO, amO Vmo H$mO Z Amd¡Ÿ&
kmZ AmnH$m¡ ê$n ^`o, {\$a AMb ahmd¡Ÿ&&
Vmg kmZ H$mo H$maZ, ñd-na {ddoH$ ~ImZm¡Ÿ&
H$mo{Q> Cnm` ~Zm` ^ì`, VmH$mo Ca AmZm¡Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
1. g§e`… - {déÕmZoH$H$mo{Q>ñn{e©kmZ§ g§e`… = ""BgàH$ma h¡ AWdm BgàH$ma?'' -
Eogm Omo nañna {déÕVmnyd©H$ Xmo àH$ma ê$n kmZ, Cgo g§e` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
2. {dn`©`… - {dnarV¡H$H$mo{Q>{ZíM`mo {dn`©`… = dñVwñdê$n go {déÕVmnyd©H$ ""`h Eogm
hr h¡'' - BgàH$ma EH$ê$n kmZ H$m Zm_ {dn`©` h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ VrZ ^oX h¢ - H$maU{dn`©`,
ñdê$n{dn`©` VWm ^oXm^oX{dn`©`Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$ n¥ð> 123)
3. AZÜ`dgm`… - {H${_Ë`mbmoMZ_mÌ_ZÜ`dgm`… = "Hw$N> h¡' - Eogm {ZU©`a{hV {dMma,
gmo AZÜ`dgm` h¡Ÿ&
82 N>hT>mbm Mm¡Wr T>mb 83

AÝd`mW© …- (YZ) n¡gm, (g_mO) n[adma, (JO) hmWr, (~mO)

Kmo‹S>m (amO) amÁ` (Vmo) Vmo (H$mO) AnZo H$m_ _|> (Z Amd¡) Zht AmVo;
{H$ÝVw (kmZ) gå`½kmZ (AmnH$mo ê$n) AmË_m H$m ñdê$n - [Omo] (^`o)
àmá hmoZo Ho$ ({\$a) níMmV² (AMb) AMb (ahmd¡) ahVm h¡Ÿ& (Vmg) Cg
(kmZ H$mo) gå`½kmZ H$m (H$maZ) H$maU (ñd-na {ddoH$) AmË_m Am¡a
na-dñVwAm| H$m ^oX{dkmZ (~ImZm¡) H$hm h¡, [Bg{b`o] (^ì`) ho
^ì`Ordmo! (H$mo{Q>) H$amo‹S>m| (Cnm`) Cnm` (~Zm`) H$aHo$ (VmH$mo) Cg
^oX{dkmZ H$mo (Ca AmZm¡) öX` _| YmaU H$amoŸ& J`o h¢, [dV©_mZ _|] (Omqh) Om aho h¢ (Aé) Am¡a (AmJo) ^{dî` _|>(O¡h¢)
Om`|Jo (gmo) dh (g~) g~ (kmZ-VZr) gå`½kmZ H$s (_{h_m) _{h_m h¡
^mdmW© …- YZ-gån{Îm, n[adma, Zm¡H$a-MmH$a, hmWr, Kmo‹S>m VWm
- Eogm (_w{ZZmW) {OZoÝÐXod Zo (H$ho h¢) H$hm h¡Ÿ& ({df`-Mmh) nm±M
amÁ`m{X H$moB© ^r nXmW© AmË_m H$mo ghm`H$ Zht hmoVo; {H$ÝVw gå`½kmZ
BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df`m| H$s BÀN>mê$nr (Xd-Xmh) ^`§H$a XmdmZb (OJV-OZ)
AmË_m H$m ñdê$n h¡Ÿ& dh EH$~ma àmá hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Aj` hmo OmVm h¡ -
g§gmar Ordm|ê$nr (Aa{Z) AaÊ`-nwamZo dZ H$mo (XPmd¡) Obm ahm h¡,
H$^r Zï> Zht hmoVm, AMb EH$ê$n ahVm h¡Ÿ& AmË_m Am¡a nadñVwAm| H$m
(Vmg) CgH$s empÝV H$m (Cnm`) Cnm` (AmZ) Xygam (Z) Zht h¡; [_mÌ]
^oX{dkmZ hr Cg gå`½kmZ H$m H$maU h¡; Bg{b`o àË`oH$ AmË_mWu ^ì`Ord
(kmZ-KZKmZ) kmZê$nr dfm© H$m g_yh (~wPmd¡) emÝV H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
H$mo H$amoS‹ >m| Cnm` H$aHo$ Cg ^oX{dkmZ Ho$ Ûmam gå`½Xe©Z àmá H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- ^yV, dV©_mZ Am¡a ^{dî` - VrZm| H$mb _| Omo Ord _moj
gå`½kmZ H$s _{h_m Am¡a {df`oÀN>m amoH$Zo H$m Cnm`
H$mo àmá hþE h¢, hm|Jo Am¡a (dV©_mZ _| {dXoh-joÌ _|) hmo aho h¢; dh Bg
Oo nya~ {ed J`o, Omqh, Aé AmJo O¡h¢Ÿ& gå`½kmZ H$m hr à^md h¡ - Eogm nydm©Mm`m] Zo H$hm h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma XmdmZb
gmo g~ _{h_m kmZ-VZr, _w{ZZmW H$h¡ h¢Ÿ&& (dZ _| bJr hþB© Ap½Z) dhm± H$s g_ñV dñVwAm| H$mo ^ñ_ H$a XoVm h¡,
{df`-Mmh Xd-Xmh, OJV-OZ Aa{Z XPmd¡Ÿ& CgràH$ma nm±M BpÝÐ`m| gå~ÝYr {df`m| H$s BÀN>m g§gmar Ordm| H$mo ObmVr h¡
Vmg Cnm` Z AmZ, kmZ-KZKmZ ~wPmd¡Ÿ&&8Ÿ&& - Xw…I XoVr h¡; Am¡a {OgàH$ma dfm© H$s P‹S>r Cg XmdmZb H$mo ~wPm XoVr h¡,
AÝd`mW© …- (nya~) nyd©H$mb _| (Oo) Omo Ord ({ed) _moj _| (J`o) 46 CgràH$ma `h gå`½kmZ CZ {df`m| H$mo emÝV H$a XoVm h¡ - ZîQ> H$a XoVm h¡Ÿ&
84 N>hT>mbm
nwÊ`-nmn _| hf©-{dfmX H$m {ZfoY Am¡a VmËn`© H$s ~mV
nwÊ`-nmn-\$b_mqh, haI {~bIm¡ _V ^mB©Ÿ&
`h nwX²Jb naOm`, Cn{O {dZg¡ {\$a WmB©Ÿ&&
bmI ~mV H$s ~mV `hr, {ZíM` Ca bmAmoŸ&
Vmo[a gH$b OJ X§X-\§$X, {ZV AmV_ Ü`mAmoŸ&&9Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (^mB©) ho AmË_mWu àmUr! (nwÊ`-\$b_mqh) nwÊ` Ho$
\$b _| (haI _V) hf© Z H$a Am¡a (nmn-\$b_mqh) nmn Ho$ \$b _|
({dbIm¡ _V) Ûof Z H$a [Š`m|{H$ `h nwÊ` Am¡a nmn] (nwX²Jb naOm`)
nwX²Jb H$s n`m©`| h¢Ÿ& [do] (Cn{O) CËnÞ hmoH$a >({dZg¡) Zï> hmo OmVr h¢
Am¡a ({\$a) nwZ… (WmB©) CËnÞ hmoVr h¢Ÿ& (Ca) AnZo AÝVa _| ({ZíM`)
{ZíM` go - dmñVd _| (bmI ~mV H$s ~mV) bmIm| ~mVm| H$m gma (`hr)
47
Mm¡Wr T>mb 85
BgràH$ma (bmAmo) J«hU H$amo {H$ (gH$b) nwÊ`-nmnê$n g_ñV (OJX§X-
\§$X) OÝ_-_aU Ho$ ÛÝÛ [amJ-Ûof] ê$n {dH$mar _{bZ ^md (Vmo[a) Vmo‹S>H$a
({ZV) gX¡d (AmV_ Ü`mAmo) AnZo AmË_m H$m Ü`mZ H$amoŸ&
^mdmW© …- AmË_mWu Ord H$m H$V©ì` h¡ {H$ YZ, _H$mZ, XwH$mZ,
H$s{V©, ZramoJr earam{X nwÊ` Ho$ \$b h¢, CZgo AnZo H$mo bm^ h¡ VWm CZHo$
{d`moJ go AnZo H$mo hm{Z h¡ - Eogm Z _mZo; Š`m|{H$ nanXmW© gXm {^Þ h¢,
ko`_mÌ h¢, CZ_| {H$gr H$mo AZwHy$b-à{VHy$b AWdm Bï>-A{Zï> _mZZm,
dh _mÌ Ord H$s ^yb h¡; Bg{b`o nwÊ`-nmn Ho$ \$b _| hf©-emoH$ Zht H$aZm
Mm{hEŸ&
`{X {H$gr ^r nanXmW© H$mo Ord ^bm `m ~wam _mZo Vmo CgHo$ à{V amJ `m
Ûof hþE {~Zm Zht ahVmŸ& {OgZo nanXmW© - naÐì`-joÌ-H$mb-^md H$mo
dmñVd _| {hVH$a VWm A{hVH$a _mZm h¡, CgZo AZÝV nanXmWm] H$mo amJ-
Ûof H$aZo `mo½` _mZm h¡ Am¡a AZÝV nanXmW© _wPo gwI-Xw…I Ho$ H$maU h¢ -
Eogm ^r _mZm h¡; Bg{b`o dh ^yb N>mo‹S>H$a {ZO kmZmZ§X ñdê$n H$m
{ZU©` H$aHo$ ñdmoÝ_wI kmVm ahZm hr gwIr hmoZo H$m Cnm` h¡Ÿ&
nwÊ`-nmn H$m ~ÝY do nwX²Jb H$s n`m©`| (AdñWmE±) h¢Ÿ& CZHo$ CX` _|
Omo g§`moJ àmá hm|, do ^r j{UH$ g§`moJê$n go AmVo-OmVo h¢Ÿ& {OVZo H$mb
VH$ do {ZH$Q> ah|, CVZo H$mb ^r do gwI-Xw…I XoZo _| g_W© Zht h¢Ÿ&
O¡ZY_© Ho$ g_ñV CnXoe H$m gma `hr h¡ {H$ - ew^mew^^md dh g§gma
h¡; Bg{b`o CgH$s é{M N>mS‹o >H$a, ñdmoÝ_wI hmoH$a {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZnydH© $
{ZO AmË_ñdê$n _| EH$mJ« (brZ) hmoZm hr Ord H$m H$Îm©ì` h¡Ÿ&
gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$m g_` Am¡a ^oX VWm AqhgmUwd«V Am¡a gË`mUwd«V H$m bjU
gå`kmZr hmo`, ~hþ[a {X‹T> Mm[aV brO¡Ÿ&
86 N>hT>mbm
EH$Xoe Aé gH$bXoe, Vgw ^oX H$hrO¡Ÿ&&
Ìgqhgm H$mo Ë`mJ, d¥Wm Wmda Z g±hma¡Ÿ&
na-dYH$ma H$R>mao qZÚ Zqh d`Z CMma¡Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gå`½kmZr) gå`½kmZr (hmo`) hmoH$a (~hþ[a) {\$a
({X‹T>) Ñ‹T> (Mm[aV) gå`ŠMm[aÌ (brO¡) H$m nmbZ H$aZm Mm{hE; (Vgw)
CgHo$> [Cg gå`ŠMm[aÌ Ho$] (EH$Xoe) EH$Xoe (Aé) Am¡a (gH$bXoe)
gd©Xoe [Eogo Xmo] (^oX) ^oX (H$hrO¡) H$ho J`o h¢Ÿ& [CZ_|] (Ìgqhgm H$mo)
Ìg Ordm| H$s qhgm H$m (Ë`mJ) Ë`mJ H$aZm Am¡a (d¥Wm) {~Zm H$maU
(Wmda) ñWmda Ordm| H$m (Z g±hma¡) KmV Z H$aZm [dh Aqhgm-AUwd«V
H$hbmVm h¡] (na dYH$ma) Xygam| H$mo Xw…IXm`H$, (H$R>moa) H$R>moa [Am¡a]
(qZÚ) qZXZr` (d`Z) dMZ (Zqh CMma¡) Z ~mobZm [dh gË`-AUwd«V
H$hbmVm h¡]Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- gå`½kmZ àmá H$aHo$ gå`ŠMm[aÌ àH$Q> H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
Cg gå`ŠMm[aÌ Ho$ Xmo ^oX h¢ - (1) EH$Xoe (AUw, Xoe, ñWyb) Mm[aÌ
Am¡a (2) gd©Xoe (gH$b, _hm, gyú_) Mm[aÌŸ& CZ_| gH$b Mm[aÌ H$m
48
Mm¡Wr T>mb 87
nmbZ _w{ZamO H$aVo h¢ Am¡a XoeMm[aÌ H$m nmbZ lmdH$ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Bg Mm¡Wr
T>mb _| XoeMm[aÌ H$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ& gH$bMm[aÌ H$m dU©Z N>R>dt
T>mb _| {H$`m Om`oJmŸ& Ìg Ordm| H$s g§H$ënr qhgm H$m gd©Wm Ë`mJ H$aHo$
{Zîà`moOZ ñWmda Ordm| H$m KmV Z H$aZm, gmo 1A[§h§gm AUwd«V h¡Ÿ& Xygao Ho$
àmUm| H$mo KmVH$, H$R>moa VWm qZXZr` dMZ Z ~mobZm (VWm Xygam| go Z
~wbdmZm, Z AZw_moXZm; gmo gË`-AUwd«V h¡)Ÿ&
AMm¡`m©Uwd«V, ~«÷M`m©Uwd«V, n[aJ«hn[a_mUmUwd«V VWm {X½d«V H$m bjU
Ob-_¥{VH$m {dZ Am¡a Zmqh H$Nw> Jh¡ AXÎmmŸ&
{ZO d{ZVm {dZ gH$b Zm[agm¢ ah¡ {daÎmmŸ&&
AnZr e{º$ {dMma, n[aJ«h Wmoamo amI¡Ÿ&
Xe {Xe J_Z à_mU R>mZ, Vgw gr_ Z ZmI¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
1. {Q>ßnUr …- (1) AqhgmUwd«V H$m YmaU H$aZodmbm Ord ""`h Ord KmV H$aZo `mo½`
h¡, _¢ Bgo _mê±$'' - BgàH$ma g§H$ën g{hV {H$gr Ìg Ord H$s g§H$ënr qhgm Zht
H$aVm; {H$ÝVw Bg d«V H$m Ymar Amaå^r, CÚmo{JZr VWm {damo{YZr qhgm H$m Ë`mJr
Zht hmoVmŸ&
(2) à_mX Am¡a H$fm` _| `wº$ hmoZo go Ohm± àmUKmV {H$`m OmVm h¡, dht qhgm H$m Xmof
bJVm h¡; Ohm± d¡gm H$maU Zht h¡, dhm± àmUKmV hmoZo na ^r qhgm H$m Xmof Zht
bJVmŸ& {OgàH$ma - à_mXa{hV _w{Z J_Z H$aVo h¢; d¡Ú - S>m°ŠQ>a H$éUm~w{Õnyd©H$
amoJr H$m CnMma H$aVo h¢; Ohm± gm_Zodmbo H$m àmUKmV hmoZo na ^r qhgm H$m Xmof
Zht h¡Ÿ&
88
AÝd`mW© …- (Ob-_¥{VH$m {dZ) nmZr Am¡a {_Å>r Ho$ A{V[aº$ (Am¡a
H$Ny>) AÝ` H$moB© dñVw (AXÎmm) {~Zm {X`o (Zmqh) Zht> (J«ho) boZm [Cgo
AMm¡`m©Uwd«V H$hVo h¢] ({ZO) AnZr (d{ZVm {dZ) ór Ho$ A{V[aº$ (gH$b
Zm[agm¢) AÝ` gd© {ó`m| go ({daVm) {daº$ (aho) ahZm [dh ~«÷M`m©Uwd«V
h¡] (AnZr) AnZr (e{º$ {dMma) e{º$ H$m {dMma H$aHo$ (n[aJ«h) n[aJ«h
(Wmoamo) _`m©{XV (amI¡) aIZm [gmo n[aJ«hn[a_mUmUwd«V h¡] (Xe {Xe)
Xem| {XemAm| _| (J_Z) OmZo-AmZo H$s (à_mU) _`m©Xm (R>mZ) aIH$a
(Vgw) Cg (gr_) gr_m H$m (Z ZmI¡) Cëb§KZ Z H$aZm [gmo {X½d«V h¡]Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- OZ-g_wXm` Ho$ {bE Ohm± amoH$ Z hmo VWm {H$gr {deof
ì`{º$ H$m ñdm{_Ëd Z hmo - Eogo nmZr VWm {_Å>r O¡gr dñVw Ho$ A{V[aº$
nam`r dñVw ({Og na AnZm ñdm{_Ëd Z hmo) CgHo$ ñdm_r Ho$ {X`o {~Zm Z
boZm (VWm CR>mH$a Xygao H$mo Z XoZm), Cgo AMm¡`m©Uwd«V H$hVo h¢Ÿ& AnZr
{ddm{hV ór Ho$ {gdm AÝ` gd© {ó`m| go {daº$ ahZm, gmo ~«÷M`m©Uwd«V h¡Ÿ&
(nwéf H$mo Mm{hE {H$ AÝ` {ó`m| H$mo _mVm, ~{hZ Am¡a nwÌr g_mZ _mZo VWm
ór H$mo Mm{hE {H$ AnZo ñdm_r Ho$ A{V[aº$ AÝ` nwéfm| H$mo {nVm, ^mB© VWm
nwÌ g_mZ g_Po)Ÿ&
AnZr e{º$ Am¡a `mo½`Vm H$m Ü`mZ aIH$a OrdZn`©ÝV Ho$ {bE YZ-
YmÝ`m{X ~mø-n[aJ«h H$m n[a_mU (_`m©Xm) ~m±YH$a Cggo A{YH$ H$s BÀN>m
Z H$ao, Cgo n[aJ«hn[a_mUmUwd«V1 H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Xem| {XemAm| _| OmZo-AmZo H$s
_`m©Xm {ZpíMV H$aHo$ OrdZn`ªV CgH$m Cëb§KZ Z H$aZm, gmo {X½d«V h¡Ÿ&
{XemAm| H$s _`m©Xm {ZpíMV H$s OmVr h¡, Bg{b`o Cgo {X½d«V H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
Xoed«V (XoemdJm{eH$) Zm_H$ JwUd«V H$m bjU
1. {Q>ßnUr …- (1) `o nm±M (Aqhgm, gË`, AMm¡`©, ~«÷M`© Am¡a n[aJ«hn[a_mU) AUwd«V
h¢Ÿ& qhgm[XH$ H$mo bmoH$ _| ^r nmn _mZm OmVm h¡; CZH$m BZ d«Vm| _| EH$Xoe (ñWybê$n go)
Ë`mJ {H$`m J`m h¡; Bgr H$maU do AUwd«V H$hbmVo h¡¢>Ÿ&
(2) {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZnyd©H$ àW_ Xmo H$fm`m| H$m A^md hþAm hmo, Cg Ord H$mo
gÀMo AUwdV« hmoVo h¢Ÿ& {Ogo {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z Z hmo, CgHo$ d«Vm| H$mo gd©k Zo (AkmZd«V)
H$hm h¡Ÿ&
N>hT>mbm Mm¡Wr T>mb 89
Vmhÿ _| {\$a J«m_ Jbr, J¥h ~mJ ~OmamŸ&
J_ZmJ_Z à_mU R>mZ AZ, gH$b {ZdmamŸ&&12Ÿ&& (nydm©Õ)©
AÝd`mW© …- ({\$a) {\$a (Vmhÿ _|) Cg_| [{H$Ýht à{gÕ-à{gÕ]
(J«m_) Jm±d (Jbr) Jbr> (J«h) _H$mZ (~mJ) CÚmZ VWm (~Omam)
~mOma VH$ (J_ZmJ_Z) OmZo-AmZo H$m (à_mU) _mn (R>mZ) aIH$a
(AZ) AÝ` (gH$b) g~H$m ({Zdmam) Ë`mJ H$aZm [Cgo Xoed«V AWdm
XoemdJm{eH$ d«V H$hVo h¢]Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {X½d«V _| OrdZn`©ÝV H$s JB© OmZo-AmZo Ho$ joÌ H$s _`m©Xm
_| ^r (K‹S>r, KÊQ>m, {XZ, _hrZm Am{X H$mb Ho$ {Z`_ go) {H$gr à{gÕ
J«m_, _mJ©, _H$mZ VWm ~mOma VH$ OmZo-AmZo H$s _`m©Xm H$aHo$ Cggo AmJo
H$s gr_m _| Z OmZm, gmo Xoed«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&& (nydm©Õ)© Ÿ&
AZW©XÊS>d«V Ho$ ^oX Am¡a CZH$m bjU
H$mhÿ H$s YZhm{Z, {H$gr O`-hma Z {MÝV¡Ÿ&
Xo` Z gmo CnXoe, hmo` AK dZO H¥$fr V¢Ÿ&&12Ÿ&& (CÎmamÕ©)
H$a à_mX Ob ^y{_ d¥j nmdH$ Z [damY¡Ÿ&
A{g YZw hb qhgmonH$aU Zqh Xo `e bmY¡Ÿ&&
amJ-Ûof-H$aVma, H$Wm H$~hÿ± Z gwZrO¡Ÿ&
Am¡a hþ AZaW X§S>, hoVw AK {VÝh¢ Z H$sO¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- 1. (H$mhÿ H$s) {H$gr Ho$ (YZhm{Z) YZ Ho$ Zme H$m
49
90 N>hT>mbm Mm¡Wr T>mb 91

({H$gr) {H$gr H$s (O`) {dO` H$m [AWdm] (hma) {H$gr H$s hma H$m (Z (4) `e àm{á Ho$ {bE, {H$gr Ho$ _m±JZo na qhgm Ho$ H$maU^yV h{W`ma
{MÝV¡) {dMma Z H$aZm> [Cgo AnÜ`mZ-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hVo h¢Ÿ&] 2. (dZO) Z XoZm, gmo qhgmXmZ-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
ì`mnma Am¡a (H¥${f V¢) IoVr go (AK) nmn (hmo`) hmoVm h¡; Bg{b`o (gmo) (5) amJ-Ûof CËnÞ H$aZodmbr {dH$Wm Am¡a CnÝ`mg `m ûm¥J§ m[aH$ H$WmAm|
CgH$m (CnXoe) CnXoe (Z Xo`) Z XoZm [Cgo nmnmonXoe-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hm
Ho$ ldU H$m Ë`mJ H$aZm, gmo Xw…lw{V-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
OmVm h¡Ÿ&] 3. (à_mX H$a) à_mX go [{~Zm à`moOZ] (Ob) ObH$m{`H$
(^y{_) n¥ÏdrH$m{`H$, (d¥j) dZñn{VH$m{`H$, (nmdH$) Ap½ZH$m{`H$ [Am¡a
dm`wH$m{`H$] Ordm| H$m (Z {damY¡) KmV Z H$aZm [gmo à_mXM`m©-AZW©XS§ >dV«
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&] 4. (A{g) Vbdma, (YZw) YZwî`, (hb) hb [Am{X]
(qhgmonH$aU) qhgm hmoZo _| H$maU^yV nXmWm] H$mo (Xo) XoH$a (`e) `e
(Zqh bmY¡) Z boZm [gmo qhgmXmZ-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&] 5. (amJ-
Ûof-H$aVma) amJ Am¡a Ûof CËnÞ H$aZodmbr (H$Wm) H$WmE± (H$~hÿ±) H$^r
^r (Z gwZrO¡) Zht gwZZm [gmo Xw…lw{V AZW©X§S>d«V H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&] (Am¡a
hþ) VWm AÝ` ^r (AKhoVw) nmn Ho$ H$maU (AZaW X§S>) AZW©X§S> h¢
({VÝh¢) CÝh| ^r (Z H$sO¡) Zht H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- (1) {H$gr Ho$ YZ H$m Zme, namO` AWdm {dO` Am{X
H$m {dMma Z H$aZm, gmo nhbm AnÜ`mZ-AZW©X§S>d«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&1
(2) qhgmê$n nmnOZH$ ì`mnma VWm IoVr Am{X H$m CnXoe Z XoZm, dh
nmnmonXoe-AZW©XS§ >dV« h¡Ÿ&
(3) à_mXde hmoH$a nmZr T>mobZm, O_rZ ImoXZm, d¥j H$mQ>Zm, AmJ
bJmZm - BË`m{X H$m Ë`mJ H$aZm AWm©V² nm±M ñWmdaH$m` Ho$ Ordm| H$s gm_m{`H$, àmofY, ^moJmon^moJn[a_mU Am¡a A{V{Wg§{d^mJd«V
qhgm Z H$aZm, Cgo à_mXM`m©-AZW©S>§Xd«V H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Ya Ca g_Vm^md, gXm gm_m{`H$ H$[a`oŸ&
nad MVwï>`_mqh, nmn VO àmofY Y[a`oŸ&&
1. AZW©XS§ > Xygao ^r ~hþV go h¢Ÿ& nm±M Vmo ñWybVm H$s Anojm go AWdm {X½Xe©Z_mÌ h¢Ÿ& do g~ ^moJ Am¡a Cn^moJ, {Z`_H$[a __V {Zdma¡Ÿ&
nmnOZH$ h¢, Bg{b`o CZH$m Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& nmnOZH$ {Zîà`moOZ H$m`© AZW©X§S> _w{Z H$mo ^moOZ Xo` \o$a, {ZO H$a{h Ahma¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
50
92 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- (Ca) _Z _| (g_Vm^md) {Z{d©H$ënVm AWm©V² eë` Ho$
A^md H$mo (Ya) YmaU H$aHo$ (gXm) h_oem (gm_m{`H$) gm_m{`H$ (H$[a`o)
H$aZm [gmo gm_m{`H$ {ejmd«V h¡;] (nad MVwï>`_mqh) Mma nd© Ho$ {XZm| _|
(nmn) nmnH$m`m] H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a (àmofYmo) àmofYmondmg (Y[a`o) H$aZm [gmo
àmofYmondmg {ejmd«V h¡;] (^moJ) EH$~ma ^moJm Om gHo$ - Eogr dñVwAm| H$m
VWm (Cn^moJ) ~maå~ma ^moJm Om gHo$ - Eogr dñVwAm| H$m ({Z`_H$[a) n[a_mU
H$aHo$ - _`m©Xm aIH$a (__V) _moh ({Zdma¡) N>mS‹o > Xo [gmo ^moJ-Cn^moJn[a_mUd«V
h¡;] (_w{Z H$mo) drVamJr _w{Z H$mo (^moOZ) Amhma (Xo`) XoH$a (\o$a) {\$a
({ZO Ahma¡) ñd`§ ^moOZ H$ao [gmo A{V{Wg§{d^mJd«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&]
^mdmW© …- ñdmoÝ_wIVm Ûmam AnZo n[aUm_m| H$mo pñWa H$aHo$ à{V{XZ
{d{Ynyd©H$ gm_m{`H$ H$aZm, gmo gm_m{`H$ {ejmd«V h¡Ÿ&1Ÿ& àË`oH$ Aï>_r
VWm MVwXe © r Ho$ {XZ H$fm` Am¡a ì`mnmam{X H$m`m] H$mo N>mS‹o >H$a (Y_©Ü`mZnydH© $)
àmofYg{hV Cndmg H$aZm, gmo àmofYmondmg {ejmd«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&2Ÿ&
n[aJ«hn[a_mU-AUwd«V _| {ZíM` H$s hþB© ^moJmon^moJ H$s dñVwAm| _|
OrdZn`ªV Ho$ {bE AWdm {H$gr {ZpíMV g_` Ho$ {bE {Z`_ H$aZm, gmo
^moJmon^moJn[a_mU {ejmd«V H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&3Ÿ& {ZJ«ªW _w{Z Am{X gËnmÌm| H$mo
Amhma XoZo Ho$ níMmV² ñd`§ ^moOZ H$aZm, gmo A{V{Wg§{d^mJ {ejmd«V
H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
{Za{VMma lmdH$d«V nmbZ H$aZo H$m \$b
~mah d«V Ho$ AVrMma, nZ-nZ Z bJmd¡Ÿ&
_aU-g_` g§Ý`mg Ym[a Vgw Xmof Zemd¡Ÿ&&
51
Mm¡Wr T>mb 93
`m| lmdH$-d«V nmb, ñdJ© gmobh CnOmd¡Ÿ&
Vh±V| M` ZaOÝ_ nm`, _w{Z ˆ¡ {ed Omd¡Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- Omo Ord (~mah d«V Ho$) ~mah d«Vm| Ho$ (nZ-nZ) nm±M-
nm±M (A{VMma) A{VMmam| H$mo (Z bJmd¡) Zht bJmVm Am¡a (_aU-
g_`) _¥Ë`w-H$mb _|>(g§Ý`mg) g_m{Y (Yma) YmaU H$aHo$ (Vgw) CZHo$
(Xmof) Xmofm| H$mo (Zemd¡) Xya H$aVm h¡, dh (`m|) BgàH$ma (lmdH$-d«V)
lmdH$ Ho$ d«V (nmb) nmbZ H$aHo$ (gmobh) gmobhd| (ñdJ©) ñdJ© VH$
(CnOmd¡) CËnÞ hmoVm h¡ [Am¡a] (Vh±V¢) dhm± go (M`) _¥Ë`w àmá H$aHo$
(ZaOÝ_) _Zwî`n`m©` (nm`) nmH$a (_w{Z) _w{Z (ˆ¡) hmoH$a ({ed) _moj
(Omd¡) OmVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Omo Ord lmdH$ Ho$ D$na H$ho hþE ~mah d«Vm| H$m {d{Ynyd©H$
OrdZn`ªV nmbZ H$aVo hþE CZHo$ nm±M-nm±M A{VMmam| H$mo ^r Q>mbVm h¡
Am¡a _¥Ë`wH$mb _| nydm}nm{O©V Xmofm| H$m Zme H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{Ynyd©H$
g_m{Y_aU (g§ëboIZm1) YmaU H$aHo$ CgHo$ nm±M A{VMmam| H$mo ^r Xya
H$aVm h¡, dh Am`w nyU© hmoZo na _¥Ë`w àmá H$aHo$ gmobhd| ñdJ© VH$ CËnÞ
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {\$a Xodm`w nyU© hmoZo na _Zwî` ^d nmH$a, _w{ZnX YmaU H$aHo$ _moj
(nyU© ewÕVm) àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$s ^y{_H$m _| ahZodmbo amJ Ho$ H$maU dh Ord ñdJ© _|
XodnX àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Y_© H$m \$b g§gma H$s J{V Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw g§da-
{ZO©amê$n ewÕ^md h¡; Y_© H$s nyU©Vm dh _moj h¡Ÿ&
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$m gmam§e
gå`½Xe©Z Ho$ A^md _| Omo kmZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo Hw$kmZ ({_Ï`mkmZ) H$hm
1. H«$moYm{X Ho$ de hmoH$a {df, eó AWdm AÞË`mJ Am{X go àmUË`mJ {H$`m OmVm h¡,
Cgo "AmË_KmV' H$hVo h¢Ÿ& "g§ëboIZm' _| gå`½Xe©Zg{hV AmË_H$ë`mU (Y_©) Ho$ hoVw
go H$m`m Am¡a H$fm` H$mo H¥$e H$aVo hþE gå`H²$ AmamYZmnyd©H$ g_m{Y_aU hmoVm h¡;
Bg{b`o dh AmË_KmV Zht, {H$ÝVw Y_©Ü`mZ h¡Ÿ&
94 N>hT>mbm
OmVm h¡Ÿ& gå`½Xe©Z hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² dhr bjU gå`½kmZ H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ&
BgàH$ma `Ú{n `o XmoZm| gå`½Xe©Z Am¡a gå`½kmZ gmW hr hmoVo h¢; VWm{n
CZHo$ bjU {^Þ-{^Þ h¢ Am¡a H$maU-H$m`©^md H$m AÝVa h¡ AWm©V²
gå`½Xe©Z gå`½kmZ H$m {Z{_ÎmH$maU h¡Ÿ&
Omo ñd`§ H$mo Am¡a nadñVwAm| H$mo ñdÝ_wIVmnyd©H$ `WmdV² OmZo, dh
gå`½kmZ H$hbmVm h¡; CgH$s d¥{Õ hmoZo na AÝV _| Ho$dbkmZ àmá hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
gå`½kmZ Ho$ A{V[aº$ gwIXm`H$ dñVw AÝ` H$moB© Zht h¡ Am¡a dhr OÝ_,
Oam VWm _aU H$m Zme H$aVm h¡Ÿ& {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord H$mo gå`½kmZ Ho$ {~Zm
H$amo‹S>m| OÝ_ VH$ Vn VnZo go {OVZo H$_m] H$m Zme hmoVm h¡, CVZo H$_©
gå`½kmZr Ord Ho$ {ÌJw{á go jU_mÌ _| Zï> hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ& nyd©H$mb _| Omo Ord
_moj J`o h¢; ^{dî` _| Om`|Jo Am¡a dV©_mZ _| _hm{dXoh joÌ go Om aho h¢ -
dh g~ gå`½kmZ H$m à^md h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma _ygbmYma dfm© dZ H$s ^`§H$a
A{½Z H$mo jU_mÌ _| ~wPm XoVr h¡, CgràH$ma `h gå`½kmZ {df`-dmgZm
H$mo jU_mÌ _| Zï> H$a XoVm h¡Ÿ&
nwÊ`-nmn Ho$ ^md do Ord Ho$ Mm[aÌJwU H$s {dH$mar (AewÕ) n`m©`| h¢;
do ah±Q> Ho$ K‹S>m| H$s ^m±{V CëQ>r-grYr hmoVr ahVr h¢; CZ nwÊ`-nmn Ho$ \$bm|
_| Omo g§`moJ àmá hmoVo h¢, CZ_| hf©-emoH$ H$aZm _yI©Vm h¡Ÿ& à`moOZ^yV ~mV
Vmo `h h¡ {H$ nwÊ`-nmn, ì`dhma Am¡a {Z{_Îm H$s é{M N>mo‹S>H$a ñdgÝ_wI
hmoH$a gå`½kmZ àmá H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&
AmË_m Am¡a nadñVwAmo| H$m ^oX{dkmZ hmoZo na gå`½kmZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o
g§e`, {dn`©` Am¡a AZÜ`dgm` (VÎdmWm] H$m A{ZYm©a) H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$
1. Z {h gå`½ì`nXoe§ Mm[aÌ_kmZnyd©H§$ b^VoŸ&
kmZmÝVa_wº§$ Mm[aÌmamYZ§ Vñ_mV²Ÿ&&38Ÿ&&
AW© …- AkmZnyd©H$ Mm[aÌ gå`H²$ Zht H$hbmVm, Bg{b`o Mm[aÌ H$m AmamYZ kmZ
hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² H$hm h¡Ÿ&
(nwéfmW©{gÕçwnm` JmWm-38)
52
Mm¡Wr T>mb 95
VÎd Ho$ Aä`mg Ûmam gå`½kmZ àmá H$aZm Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ _Zwî`n`m©`,
CÎm_ lmdH$ Hw$b Am¡a {OZdmUr H$m gwZZm Am{X gw`moJ - {OgàH$ma g_wÐ
_| Sy>~m hþAm aËZ nwZ… hmW Zht AmVm, CgràH$ma - ~maå~ma àmá Zht
hmoVmŸ& Eogm Xwb©^ gw`moJ àmá H$aHo$ gå`½Y_© àmá Z H$aZm _yI©Vm h¡Ÿ&
gå`½kmZ àmá H$aHo$ 1{\$a gå`ŠMm[aÌ àH$Q> H$aZm Mm{hE; dhm±
gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$s ^y{_H$m _| Omo Hw$N> ^r amJ ahVm h¡, dh lmdH$ H$mo AUwd«V
Am¡a _w{Z H$mo n§M_hmd«V Ho$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡; Cgo gå`½Ñ{ï> nwÊ` _mZVo h¢Ÿ&
Omo lmdH$ {Za{VMma g_m{Y-_aU H$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡, dh g_Vmnyd©H$
Am`w nyU© hmoZo go `mo½`VmZwgma gmobhd| ñdJ© VH$ CËnÞ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a dhm± go
Am`w nyU© hmoZo na _Zwî`n`m©` àmá H$aVm h¡; {\$a _w{ZnX àH$Q> H$aHo$ _moj
_| OmVm h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o gå`½Xe©Z-kmZnyd©H$ Mm[aÌ H$m nmbZ H$aZm, dh
àË`oH$ AmË_mWu Ord H$m H$V©ì` h¡Ÿ&
{ZíM` gå`ŠMm[aÌ hr gƒm Mm[aÌ h¡ - Eogr lÕm H$aZm VWm Cg
^y{_H$m _| Omo lmdH$ Am¡a _w{Zd«V Ho$ {dH$ën CR>Vo h¢, dh gƒm Mm[aÌ
Zht, {H$ÝVw Mm[aÌ _| hmoZodmbm Xmof h¡; {H$ÝVw Cg ^y{_H$m _| d¡gm amJ Am`o
{~Zm Zht ahVm Am¡a Cg gå`ŠMm[aÌ _| Eogm amJ {Z{_Îm hmoVm h¡; Cgo ghMa
_mZH$a ì`dhma gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& ì`dhma gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$mo gÀMm
gå`ŠMm[aÌ _mZZo H$s lÕm N>mo‹S> XoZm Mm{hEŸ&
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
H$mb …- {ZíM`H$mb Am¡a ì`dhmaH$mb; AWdm ^yV, ^{dî`
Am¡a dV©_mZŸ&
Mm[aÌ …- _moh-jmo^a{hV AmË_m Ho$ ewÕ n[aUm_, ^mdqbJr
lmdH$nX VWm ^mdqbJr _w{ZnXŸ&
kmZ Ho$ Xmof …- g§e`, {dn`©` Am¡a AZÜ`dgm` (A{ZpíMVVm)Ÿ&
96 N>hT>mbm
{Xem …- nyd©, npíM_, CÎma, X{jU, B©emZ, dm`ì`, Z¡F$Ë`,
Am½Zo`-AÊZo`, D$Üd© Am¡a AYmo - `o Xg h¢Ÿ&
nd©MVwï>` …- àË`oH$ _mg H$s Xmo Aï>_r VWm Xmo MVwX©erŸ&
_w{Z …- g_ñV ì`mnma go {daº$, Mma àH$ma H$s AmamYZm _|
VëbrZ, {ZJ«©ÝW Am¡a {Z_m}h - Eogo gd© gmYw hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
({Z`_gma, JmWm - 76)Ÿ& do {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z g{hV,
{damJr hmoH$a, g_ñV n[aJ«h Ë`mJ H$aHo$, ewÕmon`moJê$n
_w{ZY_© A§JrH$ma H$aHo$ AÝVa§J _| ewÕmon`moJ Ûmam AnZo
AmË_m H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢Ÿ& naÐì` _| Ah§~w{Õ Zht
H$aVoŸ& kmZm{X ñd^md H$mo hr AnZm _mZVo h¢; na^mdm|
_o| __Ëd Zht H$aVoŸ& {H$gr H$mo Bï>-A{Zï> _mZH$a Cg_|
amJ-Ûof Zht H$aVoŸ& qhgm{X Aew^ Cn`moJ H$m Vmo CZHo$
ApñVËd hr Zht hmoVmŸ& AZoH$ ~ma N>R>d| JwUñWmZ _|
AmVo h¢, V~ CÝh| AÆ>mB©g _ybJwUm| H$mo AIpÊS>V ê$n
go nmbZ H$aZo H$m ew^-{dH$ën AmVm h¡Ÿ& CÝh| VrZ
H$fm`m| Ho$ A^mdê$n {ZíM`-gå`ŠMm[aÌ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdqbJr _w{Z H$mo gXm Z½Z-{XJå~a Xem hmoVr h¡; Cg_|
H$^r AndmX Zht hmoVmŸ& H$^r ^r dóm{X g{hV _w{Z
Zht hmoVŸo &
{dH$Wm …- ór, Amhma, Xoe Am¡a amÁ` - BZ Mma H$s Aew^^mdê$n
H$Wm, gmo {dH$Wm h¡Ÿ&
lmdH$d«V …- nm±M AUwd«V, VrZ JwUd«V Am¡a Mma {ejmd«V - Eogo
~mah d«V h¢Ÿ&
amoJÌ` …- OÝ_, Oam Am¡a _¥Ë`wŸ&
qhgm …- (1) dmñVd _| amJm{X ^mdm| H$m àH$Q> Z hmoZm, gmo
Aqhgm h¡ Am¡a amJm{X ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm hmoZm, gmo qhgm
53
Mm¡Wr T>mb 97
h¡ - Eogm O¡Zemóm| H$m g§{já ahñ` h¡Ÿ&
(2) g§H$ënr, Amaå^r, CÚmo{JZr Am¡a {damo{YZr - `o
Mma AWdm Ðì`qhgm Am¡a ^mdqhgm - `o XmoŸ&
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h
AUwd«V …- (1) {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z g{hV Mm[aÌJwU H$s Am§{eH$
ew{Õ hmoZo go (AZÝVmZw~ÝYr VWm AàË`m»`mZr` H$fm`m|
Ho$ A^mdnyd©H$) CËnÞ AmË_m H$s ew{Õ{deof H$mo
XoeMm[aÌ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& lmdH$Xem _| nm±M nmnm| H$m ñWybê$n
- EH$Xoe Ë`mJ hmoVm h¡, Cgo AUwd«V H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
A{VMma …- d«V H$s Anojm aIZo na ^r CgH$m EH$Xoe ^§J hmoZm,
gmo A{VMma h¡Ÿ&
AZÜ`dgm` …- (_moh) - "Hw$N> h¡', {H$ÝVw Š`m h¡, CgHo$ {ZíM`a{hV
kmZ H$mo AZÜ`dgm` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
AZW©X§S> …- à`moOZa{hV _Z, dMZ, H$m` H$s Amoa H$s Aew^àd¥{ÎmŸ&
AZW©X§S>d«V …- à`moOZa{hV, _Z, dMZ, H$m` H$s Amoa H$s Aew^-
àd¥{Îm H$m Ë`mJŸ&
Ad{YkmZ …- Ðì`, joÌ, H$mb, ^md H$s _`m©Xmnyd©H$ ê$nr nXmWm] H$mo
ñnï> OmZZodmbm kmZŸ&
Cn^moJ …- {Ogo ~maå~ma ^moJm Om gHo$ - Eogr dñVwŸ&
JwU …- Ðì` Ho$ Aml` go, CgHo$ gånyU© ^mJ _| VWm CgH$r g_ñV
n`m©`m| _| gX¡d aho, Cgo JwU AWdm e{º$ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
JwUd«V …- AUwd«Vm| H$mo VWm _ybJwUm| H$mo nwï> H$aZodmbm d«VŸ&
na …- AmË_m go (Ord go) {^Þ dñVwAm| H$mo na H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
namoj …- {Og_| BpÝÐ`m{X nadñVwE± {Z{_Îm_mÌ h¢ - Eogo kmZ H$mo
namoj kmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
98 N>hT>mbm
àË`j …- (1) AmË_m Ho$ Aml` go hmoZodmbm AVrpÝÐ` kmZ h¡Ÿ&
(2) Ajà{V - Aj = AmË_m AWdm kmZ; à{V =
(Aj Ho$) gÝ_wI - {ZH$Q>Ÿ&
n`m©` …- JwUm| Ho$ {deof H$m`© H$mo (n[aU_Z H$mo) n`m©` H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
^moJ …- dh dñVw {Ogo EH$ hr ~ma ^moJm Om gHo$Ÿ&
_{VkmZ …- (1) naml` H$s ~w{Õ N>mo‹S>H$a Xe©Z-Cn`moJnyd©H$
ñdgÝ_wIVm go àH$Q> hmoZodmbo {ZO-AmË_m Ho$ kmZ H$mo
_{VkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
(2) BpÝÐ`m± Am¡a _Z {Og_| {Z{_Îm_mÌ h¢ - Eogo kmZ
H$mo _{VkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
_hmd«V …- qhgm{X nm±M nmnm| H$m gd©Wm Ë`mJŸ&
([ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ Am¡a drVamJMm[aÌa{hV _mÌ
ì`dhmad«V Ho$ ew^^md H$mo _hmd«V Zht H$hm h¡, {H$ÝVw
~mbd«V - AkmZd«V H$hm h¡Ÿ&
_Z…n`©`kmZ …- Ðì`-joÌ-H$mb-^md H$s _`m©Xm go Xygao Ho$ _Z _| aho
hþE gab AWdm Jy‹T> ê$nr nXmWm] H$mo OmZZodmbm kmZŸ&
1. Ðì`, JwU, n`m©`m| H$mo Ho$dbkmZr ^JdmZ OmZVo h¢, {H$ÝVw CZHo$ Ano{jV Y_m] H$mo
Zht OmZ gH$Vo - Eogm _mZZm, gmo AgË` h¡Ÿ& Am¡a dh AZÝV H$mo AWdm _mÌ AmË_m
H$mo hr OmZVo h¢, {H$ÝVw gd© H$mo Zht OmZVo h¢ - Eogm _mZZm ^r Ý`m` go {déÕ h¡Ÿ&
(bKw O¡Z {gÕmÝV àdo{eH$m, àíZ 87, n¥ð> 26) Ho$dbkmZr ^JdmZ jm`mone{_H$
kmZdmbo Ordm| H$s ^m±{V AdJ«h, B©hm, Adm` Am¡a YmaUmê$n H«$_ go Zht OmZVo,
{H$ÝVw gd© Ðì`-joÌ-H$mb-^md H$mo `wJnV² (EH$gmW) OmZVo h¢Ÿ& BgàH$ma CÝh| g~
Hw$N> àË`j dV©Vm h¡Ÿ& (àdMZgma, JmWm 21 H$r Q>rH$m-^mdmW©Ÿ&) A{V {dñVma go
~g hmoAmo, A{Zdm[aV (amoH$m Z Om gHo$ Eogm - A_`m©{XV) {OgH$m {dñVma h¡ - Eogo
àH$medmbm hmoZo go jm{`H$kmZ (Ho$dbkmZ) Adí`_od gd©Xm, gd©Ì, gd©Wm, gd© H$mo
OmZVm h¡Ÿ& (àdMZgma, JmWm 47 H$s Q>rH$mŸ&
{Q>ßnUr …- lwVkmZ, Ad{YkmZ, _Z…n`©`kmZ Am¡a Ho$dbkmZ go {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$
àË`oH$ Ðì` _| {ZpíMV Am¡a H«$_~Õ n`m©`| hmoVr h¢ - CbQ>r-grYr ZhtŸ&
54
Mm¡Wr T>mb 99
Ho$dbkmZ …- Omo VrZH$mb Am¡a VrZbmoH$dVu gd© nXmWm] H$mo
(AZÝVY_m©Ë_H$ 1gd© Ðì`-JwU-n`m©`m| H$mo) àË`oH$
g_` `WmpñWV, n[anyUê© $n go ñnï> Am¡a EH$gmW OmZVm
h¡, Cgo Ho$dbkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
{dn`©` …- {dnarV kmZŸ& O¡go {H$ - grn H$mo Mm±Xr OmZZm Am¡a
Mm±Xr H$mo grn OmZZmŸ& AWdm - ew^mòd go dmñVd _|
AmË_{hV _mZZm; Xohm{X naÐì` H$mo ñd ê$n _mZZm,
AnZo go {^Þ Z _mZZmŸ&
d«V …- ew^H$m`© H$aZm Am¡a Aew^H$m`© H$mo N>mo‹S>Zm, gmo d«V h¡Ÿ&
AWdm qhgm, AgË`, Mmoar, _¡WwZ Am¡a n[aJ«h - BZ
nm±M nmnm| go ^mdnyd©H$ {daº$ hmoZo H$mo d«V H$hVo h¢Ÿ& d«V
gå`½Xe©Z hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Am§{eH$
drVamJVmê$n {ZíM`d«V g{hV ì`dhmad«V hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
{ejmd«V …- _w{Zd«V nmbZ H$aZo H$s {ejm XoZodmbm d«VŸ&
lwVkmZ …- (1) _{VkmZ go OmZo hþE nXmWm] Ho$ gå~ÝY _| AÝ`
nXmWm] H$mo OmZZodmbo kmZ H$mo lwVkmZ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& (2)
AmË_m H$s ewÕ AZw^y{Vê$n lwVkmZ H$mo ^mdlwVkmZ
H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
g§Ý`mg …- (g§ëboIZm) AmË_m H$m Y_© g_PH$a AnZr ewÕVm Ho$
{bE H$fm`m| H$mo Am¡a eara H$mo H¥$e H$aZm (eara H$s
Amoa H$m bú` N>mo‹S> XoZm), gmo g_m{Y AWdm g§ëboIZm
H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ&
g§e` …- {damoYg{hV AZoH$ àH$mam| H$m Adbå~Z H$aZodmbm
kmZ; O¡go {H$ - `h grn hmoJr `m Mm±Xr? AmË_m AnZm
hr H$m`© H$a gH$Vm hmoJm `m na H$m ^r? Xod-Jwé-emó,
100 N>hT>mbm
Ordm{X gmV VÎd Am[X H$m ñdê$n Eogm hr hmoJm? -
AWdm O¡gm AÝ` _V _| H$hm h¡, d¡gm? {Z{_Îm AWdm
ew^amJ Ûmam AmË_m H$m {hV hmo gH$Vm h¡ `m Zht?
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$m AÝVa-àXe©Z
(1) {X½d«V H$s _`m©Xm Vmo OrdZn`ªV Ho$ {bE h¡; {H$ÝVw Xoed«V H$s
_`m©Xm K‹S>r, KÊQ>m Am{X {Z`V {H$`o hþE g_` VH$ H$s h¡Ÿ&
(2) n[aJ«hn[a_mUd«V _| n[aJ«h H$m {OVZm à_mU (_`m©Xm) {H$`m
OmVm h¡, Cggo ^r H$_ à_mU ^moJmon^moJn[a_mUd«V _| {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
(3) àmofY _| Vmo Amaå^ Am¡a H$fm`-H$fm`m{XH$ Ë`mJ H$aZo na ^r
EH$~ma ^moOZ {H$`m OmVm h¡; O~{H$ Cndmg _| AÞ, Ob, ImÚ Am¡a
ñdmÚ - BZ Mmam| Amhmam| H$m gd©Wm Ë`mJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àmofY-Cndmg _|
Amaå^, {df`-H$fm` Am¡a Mmam| Amhmam| H$m Ë`mJ VWm CgHo$ AJbo {XZ
Am¡a nmaUo Ho$ {XZ AWm©V² {nN>bo {XZ ^r EH$meZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
(4) ^moJ Vmo EH$ hr ~ma ^moJZo `mo½` hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Cn^moJ ~maå~ma
^moJm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& (AmË_m nadñVw H$mo ì`dhma go ^r Zht ^moJ gH$Vm;
{H$ÝVw _moh Ûmam, _¢ Bgo ^moJVm hÿ± - Eogm _mZVm h¡ Am¡a VËgå~ÝYr amJ H$mo,
hf©-emoH$ H$mo ^moJVm h¡Ÿ& `h ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m H$WZ H$aZm, gmo
ì`dhma h¡Ÿ&
Mm¡Wr T>mb H$s àíZmdbr
1. AMm¡`©d«V, AUwd«V, A{VMma, A{V{Wg§{d^mJ, AZÜ`dgm`,
AZW©X§S>, AZW©X§S>d«V, AnÜ`mZ, Ad{YkmZ, AqhgmUwd«V, Cn^moJ,
Ho$dbkmZ, JwUd«V, {X½d«V, Xw…lw{V, Xoed«V, XoeàË`j, n[aJ«h -
n[a_mUmUw-d«V, namoj, nmnmonXoe, àË`j, à_mXM`m©, àmofY-Cndmg,
~«÷M`m©Uwd«V, ^moJmon^moJn[a_mUd«V, ^moJ, _{VkmZ, _Z…n`©`kmZ,
{dn`©`, d«V, {ejmd«V, lwVkmZ, gH$bàË`j, gå`½kmZ, gË`mUwd«V,
55
Mm¡Wr T>mb 101
gm_m{`H$, g§e`, ñdór-g§Vmofd«V VWm qhgmXmZ Am{X Ho$ bjU ~VbmAmoŸ&
2. AUwd«V, AZW©XÊS>d«V, H$mb, JwUd«V, XoeàË`j, {Xem, namoj,
nd©, nmÌ, àË`j, {dH$Wm, d«V, amoJÌ`, {ejmd«V gå`ŠMm[aÌ, gå`½kmZ
Ho$ Xmof Am¡a g§ëboIZm Xmof - Am{X Ho$ ^oX ~VbmAmoŸ&
3. AUwd«V, AZW©XÊS>d«V, JwUd«V - Eogo Zm_ aIZo H$m H$maU;
A{dMb kmZàm{á, J«¡do`H$ VH$ OmZo na ^r gwI H$m A^md, {X½d«V,
Xoed«V, nmnmonXoe - Eogo Zm_m| H$m H$maU, nwÊ` nmn Ho$ \$b _| hf©-emoH$
H$m {ZfoY, {ejmd«V Zm_ H$m H$maU, gå`½kmZ, kmZ, kmZm| H$s namojVm-
àË`jVm-XoeàË`jVm Am¡a gH$bàË`jVm Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~VbmAmoŸ&
4. AUwd«V Am¡a _hmd«V _|, {X½d«V Am¡a Xoed«V _|, n[aJ«h-n[a_mUd«V
Am¡a ^moJmon^moJn[a_mUd«V _|, àmofY Am¡a Cndmg _| VWm àmofYmondmg _|,
^moJ Am¡a Cn^moJ _|, `_ Am¡a {Z`_ _|, kmZr Am¡a AkmZr Ho$ H$_©Zme _| VWm
gå`½Xe©Z Am¡a gå`½kmZ _| Š`m AÝVa h¡, dh ~VbmAmoŸ&
AZÜ`dgm`, _Zwî`n`m©` Am{X H$s Xwb©^Vm, {dn`©`, {df`-BÀN>m,
gå`½kmZ Am¡a g§e` Ho$ Ñï>mÝV XmoŸ&
6. AZW©XÊS>m| H$m nyU© n[a_mU, A{dMb gwI H$m Cnm`, AmË_kmZ
H$s àm{á H$m Cnm`, OÝ_-_aU Xya H$aZo H$m Cnm`, Xe©Z Am¡a kmZ _| nhbr
CËn{Îm; YZm{XH$ go bm^ Z hmoZm, {Za{VMma lmdH$d«V-nmbZ go bm^,
~«÷M`m©Uwd«Vr H$m {dMma, ^oX{dkmZ H$s Amdí`H$Vm, _Zwî`n`m©` H$s
Xwb©^Vm VWm CgH$s g\$bVm H$m Cnm`, _aUg_` H$m H$V©ì`; d¡Ú-
S>m°ŠQ>a Ho$ Ûmam _aU hmo, VWm{n Aqhgm, eÌw H$m gm_Zm H$aZm - Z H$aZm,
gå`½kmZ, gå`½kmZ hmoZo H$m g_` Am¡a CgH$s _{h_m, g§ëboIZm H$s {d{Y
Am¡a H$V©ì`, kmZ Ho$ {~Zm _w{º$ VWm gwI H$m A^md, kmZ H$m \$b VWm
kmZr-AkmZr H$m H$_©Zme Am¡a {df`m| H$s BÀN>m H$mo em§V H$aZo H$m Cnm` -
Am{X H$m dU©Z H$amoŸ&
7. AMb ahZodmbm kmZ, A{V{Wg§{d^mJ H$m Xygam Zm_, VrZ amoJm|
H$m Zme H$aZodmbr dñVw, {_Ï`mÑ{ï> _w{Z, dV©_mZ _| _w{º$ hmo gHo$ - Eogm
98 N>hT>mbm
nm±Mdt T>mb
^mdZmAm| Ho$ qMVdZ H$m H$maU, CgHo$ A{YH$mar Am¡a CgH$m \$b
_w{Z gH$bd«Vr ~‹S>^mJr ^d-^moJZV¢ d¡amJrŸ&
d¡am½` CnmdZ _mB©, {MÝV¢ AZwàojm ^mB©Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (^mB©) ho ^ì`Ord! (gH$bd«Vr) _hmd«Vm| Ho$ YmaH$
(_w{Z) ^mdqbJr _w{ZamO (~‹S>^mJr) _hmZ nwéfmWu h¢, Š`m|{H$ do
(^moJZV¢) g§gma Am¡a ^moJm| go (d¡amJr) {daº$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a (d¡am½`)
drVamJVm H$mo (CnmdZ) CËnÞ H$aZo Ho$ {bE (_mB©) _mVm H$o$ g_mZ
(AZwàojm) ~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m ({MÝV¢) qMVdZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- nm±M _hmd«Vm| H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbo ^mdqbJr _w{ZamO
_hmnwéfmW©dmZ h¢; Š`m|{H$ do g§gma, eara Am¡a ^moJm| go AË`ÝV {daº$ hmoVo
h¢; Am¡a {OgàH$ma H$moB© _mVm nwÌ H$mo OÝ_ XoVr h¡, CgràH$ma `o ~mah
^mdZmE± d¡am½` CËnÞ H$aVr h¢, Bg{b`o _w{ZamO BZ ~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m
qMVdZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdZmAm| H$m \$b Am¡a _mojgwI H$s àm{á H$m g_`
BZ {MÝVV g_-gwI OmJ¡, {O{_ ÁdbZ ndZ Ho$ bmJ¡Ÿ&
O~ hr {O` AmV_ OmZ¡, V~ hr {O` {edgwI R>mZ¡Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
56
nm±Mdt T>mb 103
AÝd`mW© …- ({O{_) {OgàH$ma (ndZ Ho$) dm`w Ho$ (bmJ¡) bJZo go
(ÁdbZ) Ap½Z (OmJ¡) ^^H$ CR>Vr h¡, [CgràH$ma] (BZ) ~mah ^mdZmAm|
H$m (qMVV) qMVdZ H$aZo go (g_-gwI) g_Vmê$nr gwI (OmJ¡) àH$Q>
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& (O~ hr) O~ ({O`) Ord (AmV_) AmË_ñdê$n H$mo (OmZ¡)
OmZVm h¡, (V~ hr) V^r (Ord) Ord ({edgwI) _mojgwI H$mo (R>mZ¡)
àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {OgàH$ma dm`w bJZo go Ap½Z EH$X_ ^^H$ CR>Vr h¡,
CgràH$ma BZ ~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m ~ma§~ma qMVdZ H$aZo go g_Vm em§{Vê$nr
gwI àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡ - ~‹T> OmVm h¡Ÿ& O~ `h Ord nwéfmW©nyd©H$ nanXmWm] go
gå~ÝY N>mo‹S>H$a AmË_ñdê$n H$mo OmZVm h¡, V~ na_mZÝX_` ñdñdê$n _|
brZ hmoH$a g_Vmag H$m nmZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a A§V _| _mojgwI àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&2Ÿ&
[ CZ ~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m ñdê$n H$hm OmVm h¡ - ]
1 - A{ZË` ^mdZm
Omo~Z J¥h JmoYZ Zmar, h` J` OZ AmkmH$marŸ&
BpÝÐ`-^moJ {N>Z WmB©, gwaYZw Mnbm MnbmB©Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
104 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo~Z) `m¡dZ, (J¥h) _H$mZ, (Jm¡) Jm`-^¢g, (YZ)
bú_r, (Zmar) ór, (h`) Kmo‹S>m, (J`) hmWr, (OZ) Hw$Qw>å~, (AmkmH$mar)
Zm¡H$a-MmH$a VWm (BpÝÐ`-^moJ) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ ^moJ - `o g~ (gwaYZw)
BÝÐYZwf VWm (Mnbm) {~Obr H$s (MnbmB©) M§MbVm-j{UH$Vm H$s
^m±{V ({N>Z WmB©) jU_mÌ ahZodmbo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- `m¡dZ, _H$mZ, Jm`-^¢g, YZ-gån{Îm, ór, KmoS‹ >m-hmWr,
Hw$Qw>å~rOZ, Zm¡H$a-MmH$a VWm nm±M B{ÝÐ`m| Ho$ {df` - `o gd© dñVwE±
j{UH$ h¢ - A{ZË` h¢ - ZmedmZ h¢Ÿ& {OgàH$ma BÝÐYZwf Am¡a {~Obr
XoIVo hr XoIVo {dbrZ hmo OmVo h¢, CgràH$ma `o `m¡dZm{X Hw$N> hr H$mb _|
Zme H$mo àmá hmoVo h¢Ÿ& do H$moB© nXmW© {ZË` Am¡a ñWm`r Zht h¢, A{nVw {ZO
ewÕmË_m hr {ZË` Am¡a ñWm`r h¡Ÿ&
Eogm ñdmoÝ_wIVmnyd©H$ qMVdZ H$aHo$, gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord drVamJVm
H$s d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡, dh ""A{ZË` ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ& {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord H$mo
A{ZË`m{X EH$ ^r ^mdZm `WmW© Zht hmoVrŸ&&3Ÿ&&
2. AeaU ^mdZm
gwa Agwa IJm{Yn OoVo, _¥J Á`m| h[a, H$mb Xbo VoŸ&
_{U _§Ì V§Ì ~hþ hmoB©, _aVo Z ~Mmd¡ H$moB©Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gwa Agwa IJm{Yn) Xodm| Ho$ BÝÐ, Agwam| Ho$ BÝÐ Am¡a
IJoÝÐ [Jé‹S>, h§g] (OoVo) Omo-Omo h¢, (Vo) CZ g~H$m (_¥J h[a Á`m|)
57
nm±Mdt T>mb 105
{OgàH$ma {haZ H$mo qgh _ma S>mbVm h¡; CgràH$ma (H$mb) _¥Ë`w (Xbo)
Zme H$aVm h¡Ÿ& (_{U) {MÝVm_{U Am{X _{UaËZ, (_§Ì) ~‹S>o-~‹S>o ajm_§Ì;
(V§Ì) V§Ì, (~hþ hmoB©) ~hþV go hmoZo na ^r (_aVo) _aZodmbo H$mo (H$moB©) do
H$moB© (Z ~Mmd¡) Zht ~Mm gH$VoŸ&
^mdmW© …- Bg g§gma _| Omo-Omo XodoÝÐ, AgwaoÝÐ, IJoÝÐ (n{j`m| Ho$
amOm) Am{X h¢, CZ g~H$m - {OgàH$ma {haZ H$mo qgh _ma S>mbVm h¡,
CgràH$ma - H$mb (_¥Ë`w) Zme H$aVm h¡Ÿ& {M§Vm_{U Am{X _{U, _§Ì Am¡a
O§Ì-V§Ìm{X H$moB© ^r _¥Ë`w go Zht ~Mm gH$VmŸ&
`hm± Eogm g_PZm {H$ {ZO AmË_m hr eaU h¡; CgHo$ A{V[aº$ AÝ`
H$moB© eaU Zht h¡Ÿ& H$moB© Ord AÝ` Ord H$s ajm H$a gH$Zo _| g_W© Zht h¡;
Bg{b`o na go ajm H$s Amem H$aZm ì`W© h¡Ÿ& gd©Ì-gX¡d EH$ {ZO AmË_m
hr AnZm eaU h¡Ÿ& AmË_m {ZíM` go _aVm hr Zht; Š`m|{H$ dh AZm{X
AZÝV h¡ - Eogm ñdmoÝ_wIVmnyd©H$ qMVdZ H$aHo$ gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord
drVamJVm H$s d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡, dh ""AeaU ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
3. g§gma ^mdZm
Mhþ±J{V Xw…I Ord ^a¡ h¡, n[adV©Z n§M H$a¡ h¡Ÿ&
g~ {d{Y g§gma Agmam, `m_| gwI Zmqh bJmamŸ&&5Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Ord) Ord (Mhþ±J{V) Mma J{V _| (Xw…I) Xw…I (^a¡
h¡) ^moJVm h¡ Am¡a (n§M n[adV©Z) nm±M namdV©Z - nm±M àH$ma go n[a^«_U
106 N>hT>mbm
(H$a¡ h¡) H$aVm h¡Ÿ& (g§gma) g§gma (g~ {d{Y) gd© àH$ma go (Agmam)
gma a{hV h¡, (`m_|) Bg_| (gwI) gwI (bJmam) boe_mÌ ^r (Zmqh) Zht
h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Ord H$s AewÕ n`m©` dh g§gma h¡Ÿ& AkmZ Ho$ H$maU Ord
Mma J{V _| Xw…I ^moJVm h¡ Am¡a nm±M (Ðì`, joÌ, H$mb, ^d VWm ^md)
namdV©Z H$aVm ahVm h¡, {H$ÝVw H$^r em§{V àmá Zht H$aVm; Bg{b`o dmñVd
_| g§gma^md gd©àH$ma go gma a{hV h¡, Cg_| qH${MË_mÌ gwI Zht h¡;
Š`m|{H$ {OgàH$ma gwI H$s H$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡, d¡gm gwI H$m ñdê$n Zht h¡
Am¡a {Og_| gwI _mZVm h¡, dh dmñVd _| gwI Zht h¡; {H$ÝVw dh naÐì` Ho$
Ambå~Zê$n _{bZ^md hmoZo go AmHw$bVm CËnÞ H$aZodmbm ^md h¡Ÿ& {ZO
AmË_m hr gwI_` h¡, CgHo$ Y«wdñd^md _| g§gma h¡ hr Zht - Eogm
ñdmoÝ_wIVm-nyd©H$ qMVdZ H$aHo$ gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord drVamJVm _| d¥{Õ
H$aVm h¡, dh ""g§gma ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
4. EH$Ëd ^mdZm
ew^ Aew^ H$a_ \$b OoVo, ^moJ¡ {O` EH$ {h Vo VoŸ&
gwV Xmam hmo` Z grar, g~ ñdmaW Ho$ h¢ ^rarŸ&&6Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (OoVo) {OVZo (ew^-Aew^ H$a_\$b) ew^ Am¡a Aew^
H$_© Ho$ \$b h¢, (Vo Vo) do g~ ({O`) `h Ord (EH$ {h) AHo$bm hr
(^m¡Jo) ^moJVm h¡; (gwV) nwÌ (Xmam) ór (grar) gmW XoZodmbo (Z hmo`)
58
nm±Mdt T>mb 107
Zht hmoVoŸ& (g~) `h g~ (ñdmaW Ho$) AnZo ñdmW© Ho$ (^rar) gJo (h¢)
h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Ord H$m gXm AnZo ñdê$n go Am¡a na go {d^º$nZm h¡;
Bg{b`o dh ñd`§ hr AnZm {hV AWdm A{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡, na H$m Hw$N>
Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o Ord Omo ^r ew^ `m Aew^ ^md H$aVm h¡, CZH$m
\$b (AmHw$bVm) dh ñd`§ AHo$bm hr ^moJVm h¡; Cg_| AÝ` H$moB© - ór,
nwÌ, {_Ìm{X ghm`H$ Zht hmo gH$Vo; Š`m|{H$ do g~ nanXmW© h¢ Am¡a do g~
nXmW© Ord H$mo ko`_mÌ h¢, Bg{b`o do dmñVd _| Ord Ho$ gJo-gå~ÝYr h¢ hr
Zht; VWm{n AkmZr Ord CÝh| AnZm _mZH$a Xw…Ir hmoVm h¡Ÿ& na Ho$ Ûmam
AnZm ^bm-~wam hmoZm _mZH$a na Ho$ gmW H$V¥Ë© d-__Ëd H$m A{YH$ma _mZm
h¡; dh AnZr ^yb go hr AHo$bm Xw…Ir hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
g§gma _| Am¡a _moj _| `h Ord AHo$bm hr h¡ - Eogm OmZH$a
gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord {ZO ewÕ AmË_m Ho$ gmW hr gX¡d AnZm EH$Ëd
_mZH$a AnZr {ZíM`n[aU{V Ûmam ewÕ EH$Ëd H$s d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡,
`h ""EH$Ëd ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
5. AÝ`Ëd ^mdZm
Ob-n` Á`m| {O`-VZ _obm, n¡ {^Þ-{^Þ Zqh ^obmŸ&
Vmo àH$Q> OwXo YZ Ym_m, Š`m| ˆ¡ BH$ {_{b gwV am_mŸ&&7Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- ({O`-VZ) Ord Am¡a eara (Ob-n`-Á`m|) nmZr
108 N>hT>mbm
Am¡a XyY H$s ^m±{V (_obm) {_bo hþE h¢, (n¡) VWm{n (^obm) EH$ê$n
(Zqh) Zht h¢, ({^Þ-{^Þ) n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ h¢ (Vmo) Vmo {\$a (àH$Q>) Omo
~mø _| àH$Q> ê$n go (OwXo) n¥WH²$ {XImB© XoVo h¢ - Eogo (YZ) bú_r,
(Ym_m) _H$mZ, (gwV) nwÌ Am¡a (am_m) ór Am{X ({_{b) {_bH$a (BH$)
EH$ (Š`m|) H¡$go (ˆ¡) hmo gH$Vo h¢Ÿ?
^mdmW© …- {OgàH$ma XyY Am¡a nmZr EH$ AmH$me-joÌ _| {_bo hþE h¢,
naÝVw AnZo-AnZo JwU Am{X H$s Anojm go XmoZm| {~bHw$b {^Þ-{^Þ h¢;
CgràH$ma `h Ord Am¡a eara ^r {_bo hþE - EH$mH$ma {XImB© XoVo h¢, VWm{n
do XmoZm| AnZo-AnZo ñdê$nm{X H$s Anojm go (ñdÐì`-joÌ-H$mb-^md go)
{~bHw$b n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ h¢ Vmo {\$a àH$Q>ê$n go {^Þ {XImB© XoZodmbo - Eogo
_moQ>aJm‹S>r, YZ, _H$mZ, ~mJ, nwÌ-nwÌr, ór Am{X AnZo gmW H¡$go EH$_oH$ hmo
gH$Vo h¢? AWm©V² ór-nwÌm{X H$moB© ^r nadñVw AnZr Zht h¡ - BgàH$ma
gd© nXmWm] H$mo AnZo go {^Þ OmZH$a, ñdgÝ_wIVmnyd©H$ gå`½Ñ{ï>
Ord drVamJVm H$s d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡, dh ""AÝ`Ëd ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
6. Aew{M ^mdZm
nb é{Ya amY _b W¡br, H$sH$g dgm{XV¢ _¡brŸ&
Zd Ûma ~h¢ {KZH$mar, Ag Xoh H$ao {H$_ `marŸ&&8Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (Omo ) (nb) _m§g (é{Ya) aº$ (amY) nrd Am¡a (_b)
{dï>m H$s (W¡br) W¡br h¡, (H$sH$g) hÈ>r, (dgm{XV¢) Ma~r Am{X go
(_¡br) An{dÌ h¡ Am¡a {Og_| ({KZH$mar) K¥Um-½bm{Z CËnÞ H$aZodmbo
59
nm±Mdt T>mb 109
(Zd Ûma) Zm¡ XadmOo (~h¢) ~hVo h¢ (Ag) Eogo (Xoh) eara _| (`mar)
ào_-amJ ({H${_) H¡$go (H$a¡) {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡?
^mdmW© …- `h eara Vmo _m§g, aº$, nrd, {dï>m Am{X H$s W¡br h¡ Am¡a
dh hÈ>r, M~u Am{X go ^am hmoZo Ho$ H$maU An{dÌ h¡ VWm Zm¡ Ûmam| go _¡b
~mha {ZH$bVm h¡ - Eogo eara Ho$ à{V _moh-amJ H¡$go {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡?
`h eara D$na go Vmo _ŠIr Ho$ n§I g_mZ nVbr M_‹S>r _| _‹T>m hþAm h¡;
Bg{b`o ~mha go gwÝXa bJVm h¡, {H$ÝVw `{X CgHo$ ^rVar hmb VH$ {dMma
{H$`m Om`o Vmo Cg_| An{dÌ dñVwE± ^ar h¢; Bg{b`o Cg_| __Ëd, Ah§H$ma
`m amJ H$aZm ì`W© h¡Ÿ&
`hm± eara H$mo _{bZ ~VbmZo H$m Ame` - ^oXkmZ Ûmam eara Ho$
ñdê$n H$m kmZ H$amHo$, A{dZmer {ZO n{dÌ nX _| é{M H$aZm h¡, {H$ÝVw
eara Ho$ à{V Ûof^md CËnÞ H$amZo H$m Ame` ZhtŸ& eara Vmo CgHo$ AnZo
ñd^md go hr Aew{M_` h¡ Am¡a `h ^JdmZ AmË_m {ZOñd^md go hr
ewÕ Ed§ gXm ew{M_` n{dÌ M¡VÝ` nXmW© h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o gå`½Ñ{ï>
Ord AnZo ewÕ AmË_m H$s gÝ_wIVm Ûmam AnZr n`m©` _| ew{MVm
H$s (n{dÌVm H$s) d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡ dh ""Aew{M ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&8Ÿ&&
7. Amòd ^mdZm
Omo `moJZ H$s MnbmB©, VmV¢ ˆ¡ Amòd ^mB©Ÿ&
Amòd XwIH$ma KZoa,o ~w{YdÝV {VÝh| {ZadoaŸo &&9Ÿ&&
110 N>hT>mbm nm±Mdt T>mb 111

AÝd`mW© …- (^mB©) ho ^ì`Ord! (`moJZ H$s) `moJm| H$s (Omo) Omo

(MnbmB©) M§MbVm h¡, (VmV¢) Cggo (Amòd) Amòd (ˆ¡) hmoVm h¡ Am¡a
(Amòd) dh Amòd (KZoao) AË`ÝV (Xw…IH$ma) Xw…IXm`H$ h¡, Bg{b`o
(~w{YdÝV) ~w{Õ_mZ ({VÝh¢) Cgo ({Zadoao) Xya H$a|Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {dH$mar ew^mew^^mdê$n Omo Aê$nr Xem Ord _| hmoVr h¡,
dh ^md-Amòd h¡ Am¡a Cg g_` ZdrZ H$_©`mo½` aOH$Um| H$m ñd`§-ñdV… {OZ nwÊ`-nmn Zqh H$sZm, AmV_ AZw^d {MV XrZmŸ&
AmZm (AmË_m Ho$ gmW EH$ joÌ _| AmJ_Z hmoZm) gmo Ðì`-Amòd h¡Ÿ& {VZhr {d{Y AmdV amoHo$, g§da b{h gwI AdbmoHo$Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
(Cg_| Ord H$s AewÕ n`m©`| {Z{_Îm_mÌ h¢Ÿ&)
AÝd`mW© …- ({OZ) {OÝhm|Zo (nwÊ`) ew^^md Am¡a (nmn) Aew^^md
nwÊ` Am¡a nmn XmoZm| Amòd Am¡a ~ÝY Ho$ ^oX h¢Ÿ& (Zqh H$sZm) Zht {H$`o VWm _mÌ (AmV_) AmË_m Ho$ (AZw^d) AZw^d _|
nwÊ` …- X`m, XmZ, ^{º$, nyOm, d«V Am{X ew^amJ gamJr Ord H$mo [ewÕ Cn`moJ _|] ({MV) kmZ H$mo (XrZm) bJm`m h¡, ({VZhr) CÝhm|Zo hr
hmoVo h¢; do Aê$nr Aew^ ^md h¢ Am¡a dh ^mdnwÊ` h¡Ÿ& VWm Cg g_` ZdrZ (AmdV) AmVo hþE ({d{Y) H$_m] H$mo (amoHo$) amoH$m h¡ Am¡a (g§da b{h)
H$_©`mo½` aOH$Um| H$m ñd`§-ñdV… AmZm (AmË_m Ho$ gmW EH$ joÌ _| AmJ_Z g§da àmá H$aHo$ (gwI) gwI H$m (AdbmoHo$) gmjmËH$ma {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
hmoZm), gmo Ðì`nwÊ` h¡Ÿ& (Cg_| Ord H$s AewÕ n`m©` {Z{_Îm_mÌ h¡Ÿ&) ^mdmW© …- Amòd H$m amoH$Zm, gmo g§da h¡Ÿ& gå`½Xe©Zm{X Ûmam
{_Ï`mËdm{X Amòd éH$Vo h¢Ÿ& ew^mon`moJ VWm Aew^mon`moJ XmoZm| ~ÝY Ho$
nmn …- qhgm, AgË`, Mmoar BË`m{X Omo Aew^^md h¢; dh ^mdnmn h¡
H$maU h¢ - Eogm gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord nhbo go hr OmZVm h¡Ÿ& `Ú{n gmYH$ H$mo
Am¡a Cg g_` H$_©`mo½` nwX²Jbm| H$m AmJ_Z hmoZm, gmo Ðì`nmn h¡Ÿ& (Cg_|
{ZMbr ^y{_H$m _| ewÕVm Ho$ gmW Aën ew^mew^^md hmoVo h¢; {H$ÝVw dh
Ord H$s AewÕ n`m©`| {Z{_Îm h¢Ÿ&) XmoZm| H$mo ~ÝY H$m H$maU _mZVm h¡, Bg{b`o gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ñdÐì` Ho$
na_mW© go (dmñVd _|) nwÊ`-nmn (ew^mew^) AmË_m H$mo Ambå~Z Ûmam {OVZo A§e _| ewÕVm H$aZm h¡ CVZo A§e _| Cgo g§da
A{hVH$a h¢ VWm dh AmË_m H$s j{UH$ AewÕ AdñWm h¡Ÿ& Ðì` hmoVm h¡, Am¡a dh H«$_e… ewÕVm _| d¥{Õ H$aHo$ nyU© ewÕVm (g§da)
nwÊ`-nmn Vmo nadñVw h¢, do H$ht AmË_m H$m {hV-A{hV Zht H$a àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `h ""g§da ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
gH$Vo - Eogm `WmW© {ZU©` àË`oH$ kmZr Ord H$mo hmoVm h¡ Am¡a 9. {ZO©am ^mdZm
BgàH$ma {dMma H$aHo$ gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ñdÐì` Ho$ Adbå~Z Ho$ ~b
go {OVZo A§e _| Amòd^md H$mo Xya H$aVm h¡ CVZo A§e _| Cgo drVamJVm
H$s d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡; Cgo ""Amòd ^mdZm'' H$hVo h¢Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
8. g§da ^mdZm
60
112 N>hT>mbm
{ZO H$mb nm` {d{Y PaZm, Vmgm| {ZO H$mO Z gaZmŸ&
Vn H$[a Omo H$_© {Inmd¡, gmoB© {edgwI Xagmd¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- Omo ({ZO H$mb) AnZr-AnZr pñW{V (nm`) nyU© hmoZo
na ({d{Y) H$_© (PaZm) {Ia OmVo h¢, (Vmgm|) Cggo ({ZO H$mO) Ord
H$m Y_©ê$nr H$m`© (Z gaZm) Zht hmoVm; {H$ÝVw (Omo) [{ZO©am] (Vn H$[a)
AmË_m Ho$ ewÕ àVnZ Ûmam (H$_©) H$_m] H$m ({Inmd¡) Zme H$aVr h¡, [dh
A{dnmH$ AWdm gH$m_ {ZO©am] (gmoB©) dh ({edgwI) _moj H$m gwI
(Xagmd¡) {XIbmVr h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- AnZr-AnZr pñW{V nyU© hmoZo na H$_m] H$m {Ia OmZm Vmo
à{Vg_` AkmZr H$mo ^r hmoVm h¡; dh H$ht ew{Õ H$m H$maU Zht hmoVm, naÝVw
gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ Ûmam AWm©V² AmË_m Ho$ ewÕ àVnZ Ûmam Omo H$_© {Ia
OmVo h¢, dh A{dnmH$ AWdm gH$m_ {ZO©am H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ& VXZwgma ew{Õ H$s
d¥{Õ hmoV-o hmoVo gånyU© {ZO©am hmoVr h¡, V~ Ord {edgwI (gwI H$s nyUV© mê$n
_moj) àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& Eogm OmZVm hþAm gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ñdÐì` Ho$ Ambå~Z
Ûmam Omo ew{Õ H$s d¥{Õ H$aVm h¡, dh ""{ZO©am ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
10. bmoH$ ^mdZm
{H$Zhÿ Z H$am¡ Z Ya¡ H$mo, fS² Ðì`_`r Z ha¡ H$moŸ&
gmo bmoH$_mqh {~Z g_Vm, XwI gh¡ Ord {ZV ^«_VmŸ&&12Ÿ&&
61
nm±Mdt T>mb 113
AÝd`mW© …- Bg bmoH$ H$mo ({H$Zhÿ) {H$gr Zo (Z H$am¡) ~Zm`m Zht h¡,
(H$mo) {H$gr Zo (Z Ya¡) {Q>H$m Zht aIm h¡, (H$mo) H$moB© (Z ha¡) Zme Zht H$a
gH$Vm; [Am¡a `h bmoH$] (fS>² Ðì`_`r) N>h àH$ma Ho$ Ðì`ñdê$n h¡ - N>h
Ðì`m| go n[anyU© h¡ (gmo) Eogo (bmoH$_mqh) bmoH$ _| ({~Z g_Vm) drVamJr
g_Vm {~Zm ({ZV) gX¡d (^«_Vm) ^Q>H$Vm hþAm (Ord) Ord (XwI bh¡)
Xw…I ghZ H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- ~«÷m Am{X {H$gr Zo Bg bmoH$ H$mo ~Zm`m Zht h¡; {dîUw `m
eofZmJ Am{X {H$gr Zo Bgo {Q>H$m Zht aIm h¡ VWm _hmXod Am{X {H$gr go `h
Zï> Zht hmoVm; {H$ÝVw `h N>h Ðì`_` bmoH$ ñd`§ go hr AZm{X-AZÝV h¡;
N>hm| Ðì` {ZË` ñd-ñdê$n go pñWV ahH$a {ZaÝVa AnZr ZB©-ZB© n`m©`m|
(AdñWmAm|) go CËnmX-ì``ê$n n[aU_Z H$aVo ahVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ Ðì` _| Xygao
Ðì` H$m A{YH$ma Zht h¡Ÿ& `h N>h Ðì` ñdê$n bmoH$, dh _oam ñdê$n Zht
h¡Ÿ& dh _wPgo {ÌH$mb {^Þ h¡, _¢ Cggo {^Þ hÿ;± _oam emídV M¡VÝ`-bmoH$
hr _oam ñdê$n h¡ - Eogm Y_u Ord {dMma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ñdmoÝ_wIVm
Ûmam {df_Vm {_Q>mH$a, gmå`^md-drVamJVm ~‹T>mZo H$m Aä`mg H$aVm
h¡Ÿ& `h ""bmoH$ ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
11. ~mo{YXwb^© ^mdZm
A§{V_-J«rdH$bm¢ H$s hX, nm`mo AZÝV {d[a`m± nXŸ&
na gå`½kmZ Z bmYm¡, Xwb©^ {ZO _| _w{Z gmYm¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (A§{V_) A§{V_-Zdd| (J«rdH$bm¢ H$s hX) J«¡do`H$
114 N>hT>mbm
VH$ Ho$ (nX) nX (AZÝV {d[a`m±) AZÝV~ma (nm`mo) àmá {H$`o, VWm{n
(gå`½kmZ) gå`½kmZ (Z bmYm¡) àmá Z hþAm; (Xwb^ © ) Eogo Xwb^
© gå`½kmZ
H$mo (_w{Z) _w{ZamOm| Zo ({ZO _|) AnZo AmË_m _| (gmYm¡) YmaU {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {_Ï`mÑ{ï> Ord _§X H$fm` Ho$ H$maU AZoH$ ~ma J«¡do`H$
VH$ CËnÞ hmoH$a Ah{_ÝÐnX H$mo àmá hþAm h¡, naÝVw CgZo EH$~ma ^r
gå`½kmZ àmá Zht {H$`m; Š`m|{H$ gå`½kmZ àmá H$aZm dh Anyd© h¡; Cgo Vmo
ñdmoÝ_wIVm Ho$ AZÝV nwéfmW© Ûmam hr àmá {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Eogm hmoZo
na {dnarV A{^àm` Am{X Xmofm| H$m A^md hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ AmË_m Ho$ Aml` go hr hmoVo h¢Ÿ& nwÊ` go, ew^amJ go,
O‹S> H$_m©{X go Zht hmoVoŸ& Bg Ord Zo ~mø g§`moJ, Mmam| J{V Ho$ bm¡{H$H$ nX
AZÝV~ma àmá {H$`o h¢, {H$ÝVw {ZO AmË_m H$m `WmW© ñdê$n ñdmZw^d Ûmam
àË`j H$aHo$ Cgo H$^r Zht g_Pm, Bg{b`o CgH$s àm{á Anyd© h¡Ÿ&
~mo{Y AWm©V² {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ H$s EH$Vm; Cg ~mo{Y H$s
àm{á àË`oH$ Ord H$mo H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ñd-gÝ_wIVmnyd©H$
Eogm qMVdZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZr ~mo{Y Am¡a ew{Õ H$s d¥{Õ H$m ~maå~ma
Aä`mg H$aVm h¡Ÿ& `h ""~mo{Y-Xwb^ © ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
12. Y_© ^mdZm
Omo ^md _mohV¢ Ý`mao, ÑJ-kmZ-d«Vm{XH$ gmaoŸ&
gmo Y_© O~¡ {O` Yma¡, V~ hr gwI AMb {ZhmaoŸ&&14Ÿ&&
62
nm±Mdt T>mb 115
AÝd`mW© …- (_moh V¢) _moh go (Ý`mao) {^Þ, (gmao) gmaê$n AWdm
{ZíM` (Omo) Omo (ÑJ-kmZ-d«Vm{XH$) Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌê$n aËZÌ`
Am{XH$ (^md) ^md h¢, (gmo) dh (Y_©) Y_© H$hbmVm h¡Ÿ& (O~¡) O~
({O`) Ord (Yma¡) Cgo YmaU H$aVm h¡, (V~ hr) V^r dh (AMb gwI)
AMb gwI - _moj ({Zhma¡) XoIVm h¡ - àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- _moh AWm©V² {_Ï`mXe©Z AWm©V² AVÎdlÕmZ; Cggo a{hV
{ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ Am¡a gå`ŠMm[aÌ (aËZÌ`) hr gmaê$n Y_©
h¡Ÿ& ì`dhma aËZÌ` dh Y_© Zht h¡ - Eogm ~VbmZo Ho$ {bE `hm± JmWm _|
""gmao'' eãX H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& O~ Ord {ZíM` aËZÌ`ñdê$n Y_© H$mo
ñdml` Ûmam àH$Q> H$aVm h¡, V^r dh pñWa, Aj`gwI (_moj) àmá H$aVm
h¡Ÿ& Bg àH$ma qMVdZ H$aHo$ gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord ñdmoÝ_wIVm Ûmam ew{M H$s
d¥{Õ ~maå~ma H$aVm h¡Ÿ& dh ""Y_© ^mdZm'' h¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
AmË_mZw^dnyd©H$ ^mdqbJr _w{Z H$m ñdê$n
gmo Y_© _w{ZZH$[a Y[a`o, {VZH$s H$aVyV CM[a`oŸ&
VmH$mo gw{Z`o ^{d àmZr, AnZr AZw^{y V {nN>mZrŸ&&15Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (gmo) Eogm aËZÌ` (Y_©) Y_© (_w{ZZH$[a) _w{Z`m| Ûmam
(Y[a`o) YmaU {H$`m OmVm h¡, ({VZH$s) CZ _w{Z`m| H$s (H$aVyV) {H«$`mE±
(CM[a`o) H$hr OmVr h¢, (^{d àmZr) ho ^ì`Ordmo! (VmH$mo) Cgo (gw{Z`o)
gwZmo Am¡a (AnZr) AnZo AmË_m Ho$ (AZw^y{V) AZw^d H$mo ({nN>mZr)
n{hMmZmoŸ&
^mdmW© …- {ZíM`aËZÌ`ñdê$n Y_© H$mo ^mdqbJr {XJå~a O¡Z _w{Z
hr A§JrH$ma H$aVo h¢, AÝ` H$moB© ZhtŸ& A~, AmJo CZ _w{Z`m| Ho$ gH$bMm[aÌ
H$m dU©Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& ho ^ì`mo! CZ _w{Zdam| H$m Mm[aÌ gwZmo Am¡a AnZo
AmË_m H$m AZw^d H$amoŸ&&15Ÿ&&
116 N>hT>mbm nm±Mdt T>mb 117

nm±Mdt T>mb H$m gmam§e `o ~mah AZwàojm Ho$ ^oX h¢Ÿ&

`o ~mah ^mdZmE± Mm[aÌJwU H$s Am§{eH$ ewÕ n`m©`| h¢; Bg{b`o do BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ {df` …-ñne©, ag, J§Y, dU© Am¡a eãX - `o nm±M h¢Ÿ&
gå`½Ñ{ï> Ord H$mo hr hmo gH$Vr h¢Ÿ& gå`H²$ àH$ma go `o ~mah àH$ma H$s {ZO©am …- Ho$ Mma ^oX h¢ …- AH$m_, g{dnmH$, gH$m_,
^mdZmE± ^mZo go drVamJVm H$s d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡; CZ ~mah ^mdZmAm| H$m qMVdZ A{dnmH$Ÿ&
_w»`ê$n go Vmo drVamJr {XJå~a O¡Z _w{ZamO H$mo hr hmoVm h¡ VWm Jm¡Uê$n go `moJ …- Ðì` Am¡a ^mdŸ&
gå`½Ñ{ï> H$mo hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma ndZ Ho$ bJZo go Ap½Z ^^H$ CR>Vr h¡, n[adV©Z …- nm±M àH$ma h¢ …- Ðì`, joÌ, H$mb, ^d Am¡a ^mdŸ&
CgràH$ma AÝVa§J n[aUm_m| H$s ewÕVm g{hV BZ ^mdZmAm| H$m qMVdZ _bÛma …- Xmo H$mZ, Xmo Am±I|, Xmo Zm{gH$m {N>Ð, EH$ _w±h VWm
H$aZo go g_Vm^md àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo _mojgwI àH$Q> hmoVm h¡Ÿ& _b-_yÌÛma Xmo - BgàH$ma Zm¡Ÿ&
ñdmoÝ_wIVmnyd©H$ BZ ^mdZmAm| go g§gma, eara Am¡a ^moJm| Ho$ à{V {deof d¡am½` …- g§gma, eara Am¡a ^moJ - BZ VrZm| go CXmgrZVmŸ&
Cnojm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a AmË_m Ho$ n[aUm_m| H$s {Z_©bVm ~‹T>Vr h¡Ÿ& (BZ ~mah Hw$YmVw …- nrd, bhÿ , dr`© , _b, M~u, _m§ g Am¡ a hÈ> r
^mdZmAm| H$m ñdê$n {dñVma go OmZZm hmo Vmo "ñdm_r H$m{V©Ho$`mZwàojm', Am{X gmVŸ&
"kmZmU©d' Am{X J«ÝWm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZm Mm{hEŸ&)
nm±Mdt T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h
A{ZË`m{X qMVdZ Ûmam earam{X H$mo ~wam OmZH$a, A{hVH$mar _mZH$a,
AZwàojm (^mdZm)…- ^oXkmZnyd©H$ g§gma, eara Am¡a ^moJm{X Ho$ ñdê$n H$m
CZgo CXmg hmoZo H$m Zm_ AZwàojm Zht h¡; Š`m|{H$ `h Vmo {OgàH$ma nhbo
~maå~ma {dMma H$aHo$ CZHo$ à{V CXmgrZ^md
{H$gr H$mo {_Ì _mZVm Wm, V~ CgHo$ à{V amJ Wm Am¡a {\$a CgHo$ AdJwU
CËnÞ H$aZmŸ&
XoIH$a CgHo$ à{V CXmgrZ hmo J`mŸ& CgràH$ma nhbo earam{X go amJ Wm,
{H$ÝVw ~mX _| CZHo$ A{ZË`m{X AdJwU XoIH$a CXmgrZ hmo J`m; naÝVw Eogr Aew^ Cn`moJ …- qhgm{X _| AWdm H$fm`, nmn Am¡a ì`gZm{X {ZÝXmnmÌ
CXmgrZVm Vmo Ûofê$n h¡Ÿ& {H$ÝVw AnZo VWm earam{X Ho$ `WmdV² ñdê$n H$mo H$m`m] _| àd¥{ÎmŸ&
OmZH$a, ^«_ H$m {ZdmaU H$aHo$, CÝh| ^bm OmZH$a amJ Z H$aZm VWm ~wam AgwaHw$_ma …- Agwa Zm_H$ XodJ{V-Zm_H$_© Ho$ CX`dmbo ^dZdmgr
OmZH$a Ûof Z H$aZm - Eogr `WmW© CXmgrZVm Ho$ hoVw A{ZË`Vm Am{X H$m XodŸ&
`WmW© qMVdZ H$aZm hr gƒr AZwàojm h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$ n¥ð> 229 - H$_© …- AmË_m amJm{X {dH$maê$n go n[aU{_V hmo Vmo Cg_|
lr Q>moS>a_b ñ_maH$ J«ÝW_mbm go àH$m{eV)Ÿ& {Z{_Îmê$n hmoZdo mbo O‹S>H$_©-Ðì`H$_©Ÿ&
J{V …- ZaH$, {V`ªM, Xod Am¡a _Zwî`ê$n Ord H$s AdñWm
nm±Mdt T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
{deof H$mo J{V H$hVo h¢; Cg_| J{V Zm_H$ Zm_H$_©
AZwàj
o m A{ZË`, AeaU, g§gma, EH$Ëd, AÝ`Ëd, Aew{M, {Z{_Îm h¡Ÿ&
AWdm ^mdZm …- Amòd, g§da, {ZO©am, bmoH$, ~mo{YXwb©^ Am¡a Y_© - J«¡do`H$ …- gmobhd| ñdJ© go D$na Am¡a àW_ AZw{Xe go ZrMo,
63
118 N>hT>mbm
Xodm| H$mo ahZo Ho$ ñWmZŸ&
Xod …- XodJ{V H$mo àmá Ordm| H$mo Xod H$hVo h¢Ÿ& do A{U_m,
_{h_m, b{K_m, J[a_m, àm{á, àmH$må`, B©{eËd Am¡a
dm{eËd - BZ AmR> {g{Õ (Eoíd`©) dmbo hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
CZHo$ _Zwî` g_mZ AmH$madmbm gá Hw$YmVw a{hV gwÝXa
d¡{H«$`H$ eara hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
Y_© …- Xw…I go _w{º$ {XbmZodmbm {ZíM`aËZÌ`ê$n _moj_mJ©;
{Oggo AmË_m _moj àmá H$aVm h¡Ÿ& (aËZÌ` AWm©V²
gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌŸ&)
Y_© Ho$ {^ÝZ (1) dñVw H$m ñd^md dh Y_©; (2) Aqhgm;
{^ÝZ bjU …- (3) CÎm_j_m{X Xe bjU Am¡a (4) {ZíM`aËZÌ`Ÿ&
nmn …- {_Ï`mXe©Z, AmË_mH$s {dnarV g_P, qhgm{X
Aew^^md gmo nmn h¡Ÿ&
nwÊ` …- X`m, XmZ, nyOm, ^{º$, d«Vm{X Ho$ ew^^md; _§XH$fm`,
dh Ord Ho$ Mm[aÌJwU H$s Aew^ Xem h¡Ÿ& nwÊ`-nmn
XmoZm| Amòd h¢, ~ÝYZ Ho$ H$maU h¢Ÿ&
~mo{Y …- gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌ H$s EH$VmŸ&
_w{Z …- (gmYw na_oð>r) … - g_ñV ì`mnma go {d_wº$, Mma
àH$ma H$s AmamYZm _| gXm brZ, {ZJ«©ÝW Am¡a {Z_m}h
- Eogo gd© gmYw hmoVo h¢Ÿ& g_ñV ^mdqbJr _w{Z`m| H$mo
Z½Z {XJå~a Xem VWm gmYw Ho$ 28 _ybJwU hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
`moJ …- _Z, dMZ, H$m`m Ho$ {Z{_Îm go AmË_m Ho$ àXoem| H$m
H$ånZ hmoZm, Cgo Ðì``moJ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& H$_© Am¡a ZmoH$_© Ho$
J«hU _| {Z{_Îmê$n Ord H$s e{º$ H$mo ^md`moJ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
ew^ Cn`moJ …- XodnyOm, ñdmÜ`m`, X`m, XmZm{X, AUwdV« -_hmd«Vm{X
64
nm±Mdt T>mb 119
ew^^mdê$n AmMaUŸ&
gH$bd«V …- 5 _hmd«V, 5 g{_{V, 6 Amdí`H$, 5 BpÝÐ`O`,
Ho$ebm|M, AñZmZ, ^y{_e`Z, AXÝVYmodZ, I‹S>o-
I‹S>o Amhma, {XZ _| EH$ ~ma Amhma VWm Z½ZVm Am{X
H$m nmbZ - gmo ì`dhma go gH$bd«V h¡ Am¡a aËZÌ`
H$s EH$Vmê$n AmË_ñd^md _| pñWa hmoZm, gmo {ZíM`
go gH$bd«V h¡Ÿ&
gH$bd«Vr …- (gH$bd«Vm| Ho$ YmaH$) aËZÌ` H$s EH$Vmê$n ñd^md
_| pñWa ahZodmbo _hmd«V Ho$ YmaH$ {XJå~a _w{Z do
{ZíM` gH$bd«Vr h¢Ÿ&
AÝVa-àXe©Z
(1) AZwàojm Am¡a ^mdZm n`m©`dmMr eãX h¢; CZ_| H$moB© AÝVa Zht h¡Ÿ&
(2) Y_©^mdZm _| Vmo ~maå~ma {dMma H$s _w»`Vm h¡ Am¡a Y_© _| {ZO JwUm|
_| pñWa hmoZo H$s àYmZVm h¡Ÿ&
(3) ì`dhma gH$bd«V _| Vmo nmnm| H$m gd©Xoe Ë`mJ {H$`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a
ì`dhma AUwd«V _| CZH$m EH$Xoe Ë`mJ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& BVZm BZ
XmoZm| _| AÝVa h¡Ÿ&
nm±Mdt T>mb H$s àíZmdbr
(1) A{ZË`^mdZm, AÝ`Ëd^mdZm, A{dnmH${ZO©am, AH$m_{ZO©am,
AeaU^mdZm, Aew{M^mdZm, Amòd^mdZm, EH$Ëd^mdZm,
Y_©^mdZm, {ZíM`Y_©, ~mo{YXwb^© ^mdZm, bmoH$^mdZm, g§da^mdZm,
gH$m_{ZO©am, g{dnmH${ZO©am Am{X Ho$ bjU g_PmAmoŸ&
(2) _hmd«V _| Am¡a AUwd«V _|, AZwàojm _| Am¡a ^mdZm _|, Y_© _| Am¡a
Y_©Ðì` _|, Y_© _| Am¡a Y_©^mdZm _| VWm EH$Ëd^mdZm Am¡a
120 N>hT>mbm
AÝ`Ëd^mdZm _| AÝVa ~VbmAmoŸ&
(3) AZwàojm, A{ZË`Vm, AÝ`Ëd Am¡a AeaUnZo H$m ñdê$n Ñï>mÝV
g{hV g_PmAmoŸ&
(4) AH$m_ {ZO©am H$m {Zîà`moOZnZm, AMb gwI H$s àm{á, H$_© Ho$
Amòd H$m {ZamoY, nwÊ` Ho$ Ë`mJ H$m CnXoe Am¡a gm§gm[aH$ gwIm| H$s
AgmaVm Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~VbmAmoŸ&
(5) A_wH$ ^mdZm H$m {dMma Am¡a bm^, AmË_kmZ H$s àm{á H$m g_`
Am¡a bm^, Am¡f{Y godZ H$s gmW©H$Vm-{ZaW©H$Vm, ~mah ^mdZmAm|
Ho$ qMVdZ go bm^, _§Ìm{X H$s gmW©H$Vm Am¡a {ZaW©H$VmŸ& d¡am½` H$s
d¥{Õ H$m Cnm`, BÝÐYZwf VWm {~Obr H$m Ñï>mÝV Š`m g_PmVo h¢?
bmoH$ H$m H$Vm©-hVm© _mZZo go hm{Z, g_Vm Z aIZo go hm{Z, gm§gm[aH$
gwI H$m n[aUm_ Am¡a _moj-gwI H$s àm{á H$m g_` - Am{X H$m ñnï>
{ZVZ nrÁ`mo
dU© H$amoŸ& Yr Ymar, {OZdmUr gwYm-g_ Om{ZHo$Ÿ&&Q>Ho $Ÿ&&
dra _wImaqdXV¢ àH$Q>r, OÝ_-Oam ^`Q>marŸ&
(6) A_wH$ eãX, MaU VWm N>ÝX H$m AW©-^mdmW© g_PmAmoŸ& bmoH$ H$m
Jm¡V_m{X
ZŠem Jwé-Ca
~ZmAmo Am¡a nm±KQ>Mdtì`mnr,
T>mb H$mna_
gmam§gweéH$hmo
{M ŸH$aVmarŸ&&1Ÿ&&
&
g{bb g_mZ H${bb-_bJ§OZ, ~wY_Za§OZ hmarŸ&
^§OZ {d^«_ Yy{b à^§OZ, {_Ï`m ObX {ZdmarŸ&&2Ÿ&&
H$ë`mUH$Vé CndZY[aZr, Va{Z ^dObVmarŸ&
~§Y{dXmaZ n¡Zr N>¡Zr, _wpŠV-Zg¡Zr gmarŸ&&3Ÿ&&
ñdnañdê$n àH$meZ H$mo `h, ^mZwH$bm A{dH$marŸ&
_w{Z_ZHw$_w{X{Z-_moXZe{e^m, e_gwIgw_Z gwdmarŸ&&4Ÿ&&
OmHo$ godV ~odV {ZOnX, ZgV A{dÚm gmarŸ&
VrZ bmoH$n{V nyOV OmH$mo, OmZ {ÌOJ-{hVH$marŸ&&5Ÿ&&
H$mo{Q> Or^ gm| _{h_m OmH$s, H${h Z gHo$ n{dYmar1&
"Xm¡b' Aën_{V Ho$_ H$h¡ `h, AY_ CYmaZ hmarŸ&&6Ÿ&&
65
nm±Mdt T>mb 117
N>R>dt T>mb
(h[aJrV N>ÝX)
Aqhgm, gË`, AMm¡`©, ~«÷M`© _hmd«V Ho$ bjU
fQ²H$m` Ord Z hZZV¢, g~ {dY Xadqhgm Q>arŸ&
amJm{X ^md {ZdmaV¢, qhgm Z ^m{dV AdVarŸ&&
{OZHo$ Z boe _¥fm Z Ob, _¥U hÿ {~Zm Xr`mo Jh¢Ÿ&
AR>Xe ghg {dY erb Ka, {MX²~«÷ _| {ZV a{_ ah¢Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (fQ²>H$m` Ord) N>h H$m` Ho$ Ordm| H$mo (Z hZZV¢) KmV
Z H$aZo Ho$ ^md go (g~ {dY) gd© àH$ma H$s (Xadqhgm)Ðì`qhgm (Q>ar)
Xya hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a (amJm{X ^md) amJ-Ûof, H$m_, H«$moY, _mZ, _m`m, bmo^
Am{X ^mdm| H$mo ({ZdmaV¢) Xya H$aZo go (^m{dV qhgm) ^md qhgm ^r (Z
AdVar) Zht hmoVr, ({OZHo$) CZ _w{Z`m| H$mo (boe) qH${MV² (_¥fm) PyR>
(Z) Zht hmoVr, (Ob) nmZr Am¡a (_¥U) {_Å>r (hÿ) ^r ({~Zm Xr`mo) {X`o
{~Zm (Z Jh¢) J«hU Zht H$aVo VWm (AR>>Xe ghg) AR>mah hOma ({dY)
àH$ma Ho$ (erb) erb H$mo - ~«÷M`© H$mo (Ya) YmaU H$aHo$ ({ZV) gXm
({MX²~«÷ _|) M¡VÝ`ñdê$n AmË_m _| (a{_ ah¢) brZ ahVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZnydH© $ ñdê$n _| {ZaÝVa EH$mJ«VmnydH© $
a_U H$aZm hr _w{ZnZm h¡Ÿ& Eogr ^y{_H$m _| {Z{d©H$ën Ü`mZXemê$n gmVdm±
JwUñWmZ ~maå~ma AmVm hr h¡Ÿ& N>R>d| JwUñWmZ Ho$ g_` CÝh| n§M _hmd«V,
Z½ZVm, g{_{V Am{X AÆ>mB©g _ybJwU Ho$ ewÕ^md hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw Cgo do Y_©
Zht _mZVo; VWm Cg H$mb ^r CÝh| VrZ H$fm` Mm¡H$‹S>r Ho$ A^mdê$n ewÕ
n[aU{V {ZaÝVa dV©Vr hr h¡Ÿ&
N>h H$m` (n¥ÏdrH$m` Am{X nm±M ñWmda H$m` VWm EH$ Ìg H$m`) Ho$
Ordm| H$m KmV H$aZm, gmo Ðì`qhgm h¡ Am¡a amJ, Ûof, H$m_, H«$moY, _mZ
122 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 123

BË`m{X ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm hmoZm, gmo ^mdqhgm h¡Ÿ& drVamJr _w{Z (gmYw) `h Xmo
àH$ma H$s qhgm Zht H$aVo, Bg{b`o CZH$mo (1) Aqhgm _hmd«V1 hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
ñWyb `m gyú_ - Eogo XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ PyR> do Zht ~mobVo, Bg{b`o CZH$mo (2)
gË` _hmd«V hmoVm h¡Ÿ& AÝ` {H$gr dñVw H$s Vmo ~mV hr Š`m, {H$ÝVw {_Å>r
Am¡a nmZr ^r {X`o {~Zm J«hU Zht H$aVo, Bg{b`o CZH$mo (3) AMm¡`©_hmd«V
hmoVm h¡Ÿ&2 erb Ho$ AR>mah hOma ^oXm| H$m gXm nmbZ H$aVo h¢ Am¡a M¡VÝ`ê$n
AmË_ñdê$n _| brZ ahVo h¢, Bg{b`o CZH$mo (4) ~«÷M`© (AmË_-
pñWaVmê$n) _hmd«V hmoVm h¡Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
n[aJ«h Ë`mJ _hmd«V, B©`m© g{_{V Am¡a ^mfm g{_{V
A§Va MVwX©g ^oX ~m{ha, g§J XgYm V¢ Q>b¢Ÿ&
na_mX V{O Mm¡H$a _hr b{I, g{_{V B©`m© V¢ Mb¢Ÿ&&
OJ-gw{hVH$a g~ A{hVha, lw{V gwIX g~ g§e` ha¢Ÿ&
^«_amoJ-ha {OZHo$ dMZ-_wIMÝÐ V¢ A_¥V Pa¢Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&

1. `hm± dmŠ` ~XbZo go _hmd«Vm| Ho$ bjU ~ZVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go {H$ - XmoZm| àH$ma H$s qhgm Z
H$aZm, gmo Aqhgm _hmd«V h¡ - BË`m{XŸ&
2. AXÎm dñVwAm| H$m à_mX go J«hU H$aZm hr Mmoar H$hbmVr h¡; Bg{b`o à_mX Z hmoZo na ^r
_w{ZamO ZXr VWm PaZo Am{X H$m àmgwH$ hþAm Ob, ^ñ_ (amI) VWm AnZo Amn {Jao hþE
go_b Ho$ \$b Am¡a Vwå~r\$b Am{X H$m J«hU H$a gH$Vo h¢ - Eogm ""íbmoH$dm{V©H$mb§H$ma''
H$m A{^_V h¡Ÿ& (n¥ð> 463)
66
124 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 125

AÝd`mW© …- [do drVamJr {XJå~a O¡Z _w{Z] (MVwX©g ^oX) Mm¡Xh _w{Z H$mo qH${MV² amJ hmoZo na J_Zm{X {H«$`mE± hmoVr h¢, dhm± CZ {H«$`mAm| _|
àH$ma Ho$ (AÝVa) AÝVa§J VWm (XgYm) Xg àH$ma Ho$ (~m{ha) ~{ha§J A{V Amg{º$ Ho$ A^md go à_mXê$n àd¥{Îm Zht hmoVr VWm Xygao Ordm| H$mo
(g§J) n[aJ«h go (Q>b¢) a{hV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& (na_mX) à_mX-AgmdYmZr (V{O) Xw…Ir H$aHo$ AnZm J_Zm{X à`moOZ {gÕ Zht H$aVo, Bg{b`o CZgo ñd`§
N>mo‹S>H$a (Mm¡H$a) Mma hmW (_hr) O_rZ (b{I) XoIH$a (B©`m©) B©`m© X`m H$m nmbZ hmoVm h¡ - BgàH$ma gƒr g{_{V h¡Ÿ& _moj_mJ©-àH$meH$
(g{_{V V¢) g{_{V go (Mb¢) MbVo h¢ Am¡a ({OZHo$) {OZ _w{ZamOm| Ho$ (Xohbr)1 n¥ð> 335)Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
(_wIMÝÐ V¢) _wIê$nr MÝÐ go (OJ gw{hVH$a) OJV H$m gƒm {hV EfUm, AmXmZ-{ZjonU Am¡a à{Vð>mnZ g{_{V
H$aZodmbm VWm (g~ A{hVha) gd© A{hV H$m Zme H$aZodmbm, (lw{V N>çmbrg Xmof {~Zm gwH$w b, lmdH$VZ¢ Ka AeZ H$moŸ&
gwIX) gwZZo _| {à` bJo - Eogm (g~ g§e`) g_ñV g§e`m| H$m (ha¢) b¢ Vn ~‹T>mdZ hoV,w Zqh VZ-nmofVo V{O agZ H$moŸ&&
ZmeH$ Am¡a (^«_ amoJha) {_Ï`mËdê$nr amoJ H$mo haZodmbm (dMZ A_¥V) ew{M kmZ g§`_ CnH$aU, b{IH¢$ Jh¢ b{IH¢$ Ya¢Ÿ&
dMZê$nr A_¥V (Pa¢) PaVm h¡Ÿ& {ZO©ÝVw WmZ {dbmo{H$ VZ-_b _yÌ íboî_ n[aha¢Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
^mdmW© …- drVamJr _w{Z Mm¡Xh àH$ma Ho$ AÝVa§J Am¡a Xe àH$ma Ho$
~{ha§J n[aJ«hm| go a{hV hmoVo h¢, Bg{b`o CZH$mo (5) n[aJ«hË`mJ _hmd«V
hmoVm h¡Ÿ& {XZ _| gmdYmZrnyd©H$ Mma hmW AmJo H$s ^y{_ XoIH$a MbZo H$m
{dH$ën CR>o, dh (1) B©`m© g{_{V h¡ VWm {OgàH$ma MÝÐ_m go erVbVmê$n
A_¥V PaVm h¡, CgràH$ma _w{Z Ho$ _wIMÝÐ go OJV H$m {hV H$aZodmbo, gd©
A{hV H$m Zme H$aZodmbo, gwZZo _| gwIH$a, gd© àH$ma H$s e§H$mAm| H$mo Xya
H$aZodmbo Am¡a {_Ï`mËd ({dnarVVm `m gÝXoh) ê$nr amoJ H$m Zme H$aZodmbo
Eogo A_¥VdMZ {ZH$bVo h¢Ÿ& BgàH$ma g{_{Vê$n ~mobZo H$m {dH$ën _w{Z H$mo
CR>Vm h¡, dh (2) ^mfm g{_{V h¡Ÿ&
àíZ …- gƒr g{_{V {H$go H$hVo h¢?
CÎma …- na Ordm| H$s ajm hoVw `ËZmMma àd¥{Îm H$mo AkmZr Ord g{_{V
_mZVo h¢; {H$ÝVw qhgm Ho$ n[aUm_m| go Vmo nmn~ÝY hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `{X ajm Ho$
n[aUm_m| go g§da H$hmoJo Vmo nwÊ`~ÝY H$m H$maU Š`m {gÕ hmoJm?
VWm _w{Z EfUm g{_{V _| Xmof H$mo Q>mbVo h¢; dhm± ajm H$m à`moOZ Zht 1. B©`m© ^mfm EfUm, nw{Z jonU AmXmZŸ&
h¡, Bg{b`o ajm Ho$ hoVw hr g{_{V Zht h¡ Vmo {\$a g{_{V {H$gàH$ma hmoVr h¡? à{Vð>mnZm OwV{H«$`m, nm±Mm| g{_{V {dYmZŸ&&
67
126 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 127

AÝd`mW© …- [drVamJr _w{Z] (gwHw$b) CÎm_ Hw$bdmbo (lmdH$VZ¢) ag ê$n J§Y VWm \$ag Aé eãX ew^ AgwhmdZo;
lmdH$ Ho$ Ka Am¡a (agZ H$mo) N>hm| ag AWdm EH$-Xmo agm| H$mo (V{O) {VZ_| Z amJ {damoY n§MopÝÐ`-O`Z nX nmdZoŸ&&4Ÿ&&
N>mo‹S>H$a (VZ) eara H$mo (Zqh nmofVo) nwï> Z H$aVo hþE - _mÌ (Vn) Vn
H$s (~‹T>mdZ hoVw) d¥{Õ H$aZo Ho$ hoVw go [Amhma Ho$] (N>çmbrg) {N>`mbrg
(Xmof {~Zm) Xmofm| H$mo Xya H$aHo$ (AeZ H$mo) ^moOZ H$mo (b¢) J«hU H$aVo
h¢1Ÿ& (ew{M) n{dÌVm Ho$ (CnH$aU) gmYZ H$_ÊS>b H$mo (kmZ) kmZ Ho$
(CnH$aU) gmYZ emó H$mo VWm (g§`_) g§`_ Ho$ (CnH$aU) gmYZ nrN>r
H$mo (b{IH¢$) XoIH$a (Jh¢) J«hU H$aVo h¢ [Am¡a] (b{IH¢$) XoIH$a
(Ya¢) aIVo h¢ [Am¡a] (VZ) eara H$m (_b) {dï>m (_yÌ) noem~ (íboî_)
WyH$ H$mo ({ZO©ÝVw WmZ) Ord a{hV ñWmZ ({dbmo{H$) XoIH$a (n[aha¢)
AÝd`mW© …- [drVamJr _w{Z] (_Z dM H$m`) _Z-dMZ-H$m`m H$m
Ë`mJVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- drVamJr O¡Z _w{Z-gmYw CÎm_ Hw$bdmbo lmdH$ Ho$ Ka, (gå`H²$ àH$ma) ^br^m±{V ({ZamoY) {ZamoY H$aHo$, O~ (AmV_)AnZo
Amhma Ho$ {N>`mbrg Xmofm| H$mo Q>mbH$a VWm A_wH$ agm| H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$ AmË_m H$m (Ü`mdVo) Ü`mZ H$aVo h¢, V~ ({VZ) CZ _w{Z`m| H$s (gw{Wa)
[AWdm ñdmX H$m amJ Z H$aHo$] eara H$mo nwï> H$aZo H$m A{^àm` Z aIH$a, gw{ñWa-em§V (_wÐm) AdñWm (Xo{I) XoIH$a, CÝh| (Cnb) nËWa g_PH$a
_mÌ Vn H$s d¥{Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Amhma J«hU H$aVo h¢; Bg{b`o CZH$mo (_¥JJU) {haZ AWdm Mm¡nm`o àm{U`m| Ho$ g_yh (ImO) AnZr ImO-
(3) EfUmg{_{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& n{dÌVm Ho$ gmYZ H$_ÊS>b H$mo, kmZ Ho$ gmYZ IwObr H$mo (IwOmdVo) IwOmVo h¢Ÿ& [Omo] (ew^) {à` Am¡a (AgwhmdZo)
emó H$mo Am¡a g§`_ Ho$ gmYZ nrN>r H$mo - Ordm| H$s {damYZm ~MmZo hoVw A{à` [nm±M BpÝÐ`m| gå~ÝYr] (ag) nm±M ag (ê$n) nm±M dU© (J§Y) Xmo
XoI^mb H$a aIVo h¢ VWm CR>mVo h¢; Bg{b`o CZH$mo (4) AmXmZ-{ZjonU
JÝY, (\$ag) AmR> àH$ma Ho$ ñne© (Aé) Am¡a (eãX) eãX ({VZ_|) CZ
g{_{V hmoVr h¡Ÿ& _b-_yÌ-H$\$ Am{X eara Ho$ _¡b H$mo Orda{hV ñWmZ
XoIH$a Ë`mJVo h¢; Bg{b`o CZH$mo (5) ì`wËgJ© AWm©V² à{Vð>mnZ g{_{V g~_| (amJ-{damoY) amJ `m Ûof (Z) _w{Z H$mo Zht hmoVo, [Bg{b`o do _w{Z]
hmoVr h¡Ÿ&&3Ÿ&& (n§MopÝÐ` O`Z) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| H$mo OrVZodmbm AWm©V² {OVopÝÐ` (nX) nX
_w{Z`m| H$s VrZ Jw{á Am¡a nm±M BpÝÐ`m| na {dO` (nmdZo) àmá H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
gå`H²$ àH$ma {ZamoY _Z dM H$m`, AmV_ Ü`mdVo; ^mdmW© …- Bg JmWm _| {ZíM` Jw{á H$m VWm ^mdqbJr _w{Z Ho$
{VZ gw{Wa _wÐm Xo{I _¥JJU Cnb ImO IwOmdVoŸ&
AÆ>mB©g _ybJwUm| _| nm±M BpÝÐ`m| H$s {dO` Ho$ ñdê$n H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
1. Amhma Ho$ Xmofm| H$m {deof dU©Z ""AZJma Y_m©_¥V'' VWm ""_ybmMma'' Am{X emóm| _|
XoI|Ÿ& CZ Xmofm| H$mo Q>mbZo hoVw {XJå~a gmYwAm| H$mo H$^r _hrZm| VH$ ^moOZ Z {_bo, ^mdqbJr _w{Z O~ CJ« nwéfmW© Ûmam ewÕmon`moJê$n n[aU{_V hmoH$a
VWm{n _w{Z qH${MV² IoX Zht H$aVo; AZmgº$ Am¡a {Z_m}h-hR>a{hV ghO hmoVo h¢Ÿ& {Z{d©H$ën ê$n _| ñdê$n _| Jwá hmoVo h¢ - dh {ZíM` Jw{á h¡Ÿ& Cg g_`
(H$m`a _Zwî`m| - Akm{Z`m| H$mo Eogm _w{Zd«V H$ï>Xm`H$ àVrV hmoVm h¡, kmZr H$mo dh _Z-dMZ-H$m` H$s {H«$`m ñd`§ éH$ OmVr h¡Ÿ& CZH$s em§V Am¡a AMb _wÐm
gwI_` bJVm h¡Ÿ&)
68
128
XoIH$a, CZHo$ eara H$mo nËWa g_PH$a _¥Jm| Ho$ 1PwÊS> (new) ImO (IwObr)
IwOmVo h¢, VWm{n do _w{Z AnZo Ü`mZ _| {ZíMb ahVo h¢Ÿ& CZ ^mdqbJr
_w{Z`m| H$mo VrZ Jw{á`m± h¢Ÿ&
àíZ …- Jw{á {H$go H$hVo h¢?
CÎma …- _Z-dMZ-H$m`m H$s ~mø Moï>m {_Q>mZm Mmho, nmn H$m qMVdZ
Z H$ao, _m¡Z YmaU H$ao VWm J_Zm{X Z H$ao; Cgo AkmZr Ord Jw{á _mZVo h¢Ÿ&
Cg g_` _Z _| Vmo ^{º$ Am{Xê$n AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ew^amJm{X {dH$ën CR>Vo
h¢; Bg{b`o àd¥{Îm _| Vmo Jw{ánZm hmo Zht gH$VmŸ& (gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ Am¡a
AmË_m _| brZVm Ûmam) drVamJ^md hmoZo na Ohm± (_Z-dMZ-H$m`m H$s
Moï>m Z hmo, dhr Jw{á h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ©-àH$meH$ n¥ð> 235)Ÿ&
_w{Z {à` (AZwHy$b) Am¡a A{à` (à{VHy$b) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| Ho$ nm±M ag,
nm±M ê$n, Xmo J§Y, AmR> ñne© VWm eãXê$n {df`m| _| amJ Ûof Zht H$aVoŸ&
BgàH$ma (5) nm±M BpÝÐ`m| H$mo OrVZo Ho$ H$maU do {OVo{ÝÐ` H$hbmVo
h¢Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
_w{Z`m| Ho$ N>h Amdí`H$ Am¡a eof gmV _ybJwU
g_Vm gåhma¢, Ww{V CMma¢, dÝXZm {OZXod H$moŸ&
{ZV H$a¢ lw{V-a{V, H$a¢ à{VH«$_, VO¢ VZ Ah_od H$moŸ&&
{OZHo$ Z Ýhm¡Z, Z X§VYmodZ, boe Aå~a AmdaZŸ&
^y_mqh {nN>br a`{Z _| H$Nw> e`Z EH$mgZ H$aZŸ&&5Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [drVamJr _w{Z] ({ZV) gXm (g_Vm) gm_m{`H$ (gåhma¢)
gåhmbH$a H$aVo h¢, (Ww{V) ñVw{V (CMma¢) ~mobVo h¢ ({OZXod H$mo) {OZoÝÐ
1. Bg gå~ÝY _| gwHw$_mb _w{Z H$m Ñï>mÝV… - O~ do Ü`mZ _| brZ Wo, Cg g_` EH$
{g`m{gZr Am¡a CgHo$ Xmo ~ƒo CZH$m AmYm n¡a Im J`o Wo, {H$ÝVw do AnZo Ü`mZ go qH${MV²
Mbm`_mZ Zht hþEŸ& (g§`moJ go Xw…I hmoVm hr Zht, earam{X _| __Ëd H$ao Vmo Cg __Ëd
^md go hr Xw…I H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ - Eogm g_PZmŸ&)
N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 129
^JdmZ H$s (dÝXZm) dÝXZm H$aVo h¢, (lw{Va{V) ñdmÜ`m` _| ào_ (H$a¢)
H$aVo h¢, (à{VH«$_) à{VH«$_U (H$a¢) H$aVo h¢, (VZ) eara H$s (Ah_od
H$mo) __Vm H$mo (VO¢) N>mo‹S>Vo h¢Ÿ& ({OZHo$) {OZ _w{Z`m| H$mo (Ýhm¡Z) ñZmZ
Am¡a (X§VYmodZ) Xm±Vm| H$mo ñdÀN> H$aZm (Z) Zht hmoVm, (A§~a AmdaZ)
eara T>±H$Zo Ho$ {bE dó (boe) qH${MV² ^r CZHo$ (Z) Zht hmoVm Am¡a
({nN>br a`{Z _|) am{Ì Ho$ {nN>bo ^mJ _| (^y_mqh) YaVr na (EH$mgZ)
EH$ H$adQ> (H$Nw>) Hw$N> g_` VH$ (e`Z) e`Z (H$aZ) H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- drVamJr _w{Z gXm (1) gm_m{`H$, (2) gƒo Xod-Jwé-
emó H$s ñVw{V, (3) {OZoÝÐ ^JdmZ H$s dÝXZm, (4) ñdmÜ`m`,
(5) à{VH«$_U, (6) H$m`moËgJ© (eara Ho$ à{V __Vm H$m Ë`mJ) H$aVo h¢;
Bg{b`o CZH$mo N>h Amdí`H$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a do _w{Z H$^r ^r (1) ñZmZ Zht
H$aVo, (2) Xm±Vm| H$s g\$mB© Zht H$aVo, (3) eara H$mo T>±H$Zo Ho$ {bE Wmo‹S>m-
gm ^r dó Zht aIVo VWm (4) am{Ì Ho$ {nN>bo ^mJ _| EH$ H$adQ> go ^y{_
na Hw$N> g_` e`Z H$aVo h¢Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&
_w{Z`m| Ho$ eof JwU VWm amJ-Ûof H$m A^md
BH$ ~ma {XZ _| b| Ahma, I‹S>o Abn {ZO-nmZ _|Ÿ&
H$Mbm|M H$aV Z S>aV n[afh gm¢, bJo {ZO Ü`mZ _|Ÿ&&
69
130 N>hT>mbm
A[a {_Ì _hb _gmZ H§$MZ, H$m±M {ZÝXZ Ww{V H$aZŸ&
AKm©dVmaZ A{g-àhmaZ _| gXm g_Vm YaZŸ&&6Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [do drVamJ _w{Z] ({XZ _|) {XZ _| (BH$~ma) EH$~ma
(I‹S>o) I‹S>o ahH$a Am¡a ({ZO-nmZ _|) AnZo hmW _| aIH$a (Aën)
Wmo‹S>m-gm (Amhma) Amhma (b|) boVo h¢; (H$Mbm|M) Ho$ebm|M (H$aV)
H$aVo h¢, ({ZO Ü`mZ _|) AnZo AmË_m Ho$ Ü`mZ _| (bJo) VËna hmoH$a
(n[afh gm¢) ~mB©g àH$ma Ho$ n[afhm| go (Z S>aV) Zht S>aVo Am¡a (A[a
{_Ì) eÌw `m {_Ì, (_hb _gmZ) _hb `m í_emZ, (H§$MZ H$m±M) gmoZm
`m H$m±M ({ZÝXZ Ww{V H$aZ) {ZÝXm `m ñVw{V H$aZodmbo, (AKm©dVmaZ) nyOm
H$aZodmbo Am¡a (A{g àhmaZ) Vbdma go àhma H$aZodmbo, CZ g~ _|
(gXm) gXm (g_Vm) g_Vm^md (YaZ) YmaU H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- [do drVamJ _w{Z] (5) {XZ _| EH$~ma (6) I‹S>o-I‹S>o
AnZo hmW _| aIH$a Wmo‹S>m Amhma boVo h¢; (7) Ho$e H$m bm|M H$aVo h¢;
70
N>R>dt T>mb 131
AmË_Ü`mZ _| _½Z ahH$a n[afhm| go Zht S>aVo AWm©V² ~mB©g àH$ma Ho$
n[afhm| na {dO` àmá H$aVo h¢ VWm eÌw-{_Ì, _hb-í_emZ, gwdU©-H$m±M,
{ZÝXH$ Am¡a ñVw{V H$aZodmbo - BZ g~_| g_^md (amJ-Ûof H$m A^md)
aIVo h¢ AWm©V² {H$gr na amJ-Ûof Zht H$aVoŸ&
àíZ …- gƒm n[afh-O` {H$go H$hVo h¢?
CÎma …- jwYm, V¥fm, erV, CîU, S>m±g-_ÀN>a, M`m©, eæ`m, dY,
amoJ, V¥Uñne©, _b, Z½ZVm, Aa{V, ór, {ZfÚm, AmH«$moe, `mMZm, gËH$ma-
nwañH$ma, Abm^, AXe©Z, àkm Am¡a AkmZ - `o ~mB©g àH$ma Ho$ n[afh
h¢Ÿ& ^mdqbJr _w{Z H$mo à{Vg_` VrZ H$fm` H$m (AZÝVmZw~ÝYr Am{X H$m)
A^md hmoZo go ñdê$n _| gmdYmZr Ho$ H$maU {OVZo A§e _| amJ-Ûof H$s
CËn{Îm Zht hmoVr, CVZo A§e _| CZH$m {ZaÝVa n[afh-O` hmoVm h¡Ÿ& jwYm{XH$
bJZo na CgHo$ Zme H$m Cnm` Z H$aZm, Cgo (AkmZr Ord) n[afh ghZ
H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dhm± Cnm` Vmo Zht {H$`m; {H$ÝVw A§Va§J _| jwYm{X A{Zï> gm_J«r
{_bZo go Xw…Ir hþAm VWm a{V Am{X H$m H$maU {_bZo go gwIr hþAm {H$ÝVw do
Vmo Xw…I-ñdê$n n[aUm_ h¡ Am¡a AmV©-am¡ÐÜ`mZ h¢; Eogo ^mdm| go g§da {H$g
àH$ma hmo gH$Vm h¡?
àíZ …- Vmo {\$a n[afh-O` {H$gàH$ma hmoVm h¡?
CÎma …- VÎdkmZ Ho$ Aä`mg go H$moB© nXmW© Bï>-A{Zï> ^m{gV Z hmo;
Xw…I Ho$ H$maU {_bZo go Xw…Ir Z hmo VWm gwI Ho$ H$maU {_bZo go gwIr Z
hmo, {H$ÝVw ko`ê$n go CgH$m kmVm hr aho; dhr gƒm n[afhO` h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ©
àH$meH$, n¥ð> 336)Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
_w{Z`m| Ho$ Vn, Y_©, {dhma VWm ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ
Vn Vn¢ ÛmXe, Ya¢ d¥f Xe, aVZÌ` god¢ gXmŸ&
_w{Z gmW _| dm EH$ {dMa¢ Mh¢ Zqh ^dgwI H$XmŸ&&
132 N>hT>mbm
`m| h¡ gH$b g§`_ M[aV, gw{Z`o ñdê$nmMaZ A~Ÿ&
{Og hmoV àH$Q>¡ AmnZr {Z{Y, {_Q>¡ na H$s àd¥{Îm g~Ÿ&&7Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [do drVamJr _w{Z gXm] (ÛmXe) ~mah àH$ma Ho$ (Vn
Vn¢) Vn H$aVo h¢; (Xe) Xe àH$ma Ho$ (d¥f) Y_© H$mo (Ya¢) YmaU H$aVo h¢
Am¡a (aVZÌ`) gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ VWm gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$m (gXm) gXm
(god¢) godZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& (_w{Z gmW _|) _w{Z`m| Ho$ g§K _| (dm) AWdm (EH$)
AHo$bo ({dMa¢) {dMaVo h¢ Am¡a (H$Xm) {H$gr ^r g_` (^dgwI) gm§gm[aH$
gwIm| H$s (Zqh Mh¢) BÀN>m Zht H$aVoŸ& (`m|) BgàH$ma (gH$b g§`_ M[aV)
gH$b g§`_ Mm[aÌ (h¡) h¡; (A~) A~ (ñdê$nmMaU) ñdê$nmMaU Mm[aÌ
gwZmoŸ& ({Og) {Og Mm[aÌ Ho$ [ñdê$n _| a_UVmê$n Mm[aÌ] (hmoV) àH$Q>
hmoZo go (AmnZr) AnZo AmË_m H$s ({Z{Y) kmZm{XH$ gån{Îm (àH$Q>¡)
àH$Q> hmoVr h¡ VWm (na H$s) nadñVwAm| H$s Amoa H$s (g~) gd© àH$ma H$s
(àd¥{Îm) àd¥{Îm ({_Q>¡) {_Q> OmVr h¡Ÿ& A~ go (ñdê$nmMaU) ñdê$nmMaU
Mm[aÌ H$mo gwZmoŸ&
^mdmW© …- (1) ^mdqbJr _w{Z H$m ewÕmË_ñdê$n _| brZ ahH$a
àVnZm-àVmndÝV dV©Zm, gmo Vn h¡Ÿ& VWm hR>a{hV ~mah àH$ma Ho$ Vn Ho$
ew^ {dH$ën hmoVo h¢, dh ì`dhma Vn h¡Ÿ& drVamJ^mdê$n CÎm_j_m{X n[aUm_
gmo Y_© h¡Ÿ& ^mdqbJr _w{Z H$mo Cn`w©º$mZwgma Vn Am¡a Y_© H$m AmMaU hmoVm
h¡Ÿ& do _w{Z`m| Ho$ g§K _| AWdm AHo$bo {dhma H$aVo h¢; {H$gr ^r g_`
gm§gm[aH$ gwI H$s BÀN>m Zht H$aVoŸ& - BgàH$ma gH$bMm[aÌ H$m
ñdê$n H$hmŸ&
(2) AkmZr Ord AZeZm{X Vn go {ZO©am _mZVo h¢; {H$ÝVw _mÌ ~mø
Vn H$aZo go Vmo {ZO©am hmoVr Zht h¡Ÿ& ewÕmon`moJ {ZO©am H$m H$maU h¡, Bg{b`o
CnMma go Vn H$mo ^r {ZO©am H$m H$maU H$hm h¡Ÿ& `{X ~mø Xw…I ghZ H$aZm
hr {ZO©am H$m H$maU hmo, V~ Vmo new Am{X ^r jwYm-V¥fm ghZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ&
àíZ …- do Vmo namYrZVmnyd©H$ ghZ H$aVo h¢Ÿ& Omo ñdmYrZê$n go
Y_©~w{Õnyd©H$ Cndmgm{X Vn H$ao, Cgo Vmo {ZO©am hmoVr h¡ Z?
71
N>R>dt T>mb 133
CÎma …- Y_©~w{Õ go ~mø Cndmgm{X H$ao Vmo dhm± Cn`moJ Vmo Aew^,
ew^ `m ewÕê$n - {OgàH$ma Ord n[aU_o, n[aU{_V hmoJm; Cndmg Ho$
à_mU _| `{X {ZO©am hmo Vmo {ZO©am H$m _w»` H$maU Cndmgm{X {gÕ hmo,
{H$ÝVw Eogm Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm; Š`m|{H$ n[aUm_ Xwï> hmoZo na Cndmgm{X H$aZo
go ^r, {ZO©am H¡$go gå^d hmo gH$Vr h¡? `hm± `[X Eogm H$hmoJo {H$ - O¡go
Aew^, ew^ `m ewÕê$n Cn`moJ n[aU{_V hmo, VXZwgma ~ÝY-{ZO©am h¢ Vmo
Cndmgm{X Vn {ZO©am H$m _w»` H$maU H$hm± ahm? - dhm± Aew^ Am¡a ew^
n[aUm_ Vmo ~ÝY Ho$ H$maU {gÕ hþE VWm ewÕ n[aUm_ {ZO©am H$m H$maU
{gÕ hþAmŸ&
àíZ …- `{X Eogm h¡ Vmo AZeZm{X H$mo Vn H$s g§km {H$gàH$ma H$hr
JB©?
CÎma …- CÝh| ~mø-Vn H$hm h¡; ~mø H$m AW© `h h¡ {H$ ~mø _| Xygam|
H$mo {XImB© Xo {H$ `h Vnñdr h¡; {H$ÝVw ñd`§ Vmo O¡go A§Va§J-n[aUm_ hm|Jo,
d¡gm hr \$b àmá H$aoJmŸ&
(3) VWm A§Va§J Vnm| _| ^r àm`píMV, {dZ`, d¡`md¥Ë`, ñdmÜ`m`,
Ë`mJ Am¡a Ü`mZê$n {H«$`m _| ~mø àdV©Z h¡, dh Vmo ~mø-Vn O¡gm hr
OmZZm; O¡gr ~mø-{H«$`m h¡, CgràH$ma `h ^r ~mø-{H«$`m h¡; Bg{b`o
àm`píMÎm Am{X ~mø-gmYZ ^r AÝVa§J Vn Zht h¢Ÿ&
naÝVw Eogm ~mø àdV©Z hmoZo na Omo A§Va§J n[aUm_m| H$s ewÕVm hmo,
CgH$m Zm_ AÝVa§J Vn OmZZm; Am¡a dhm± Vmo {ZO©am hr h¡, dhm± ~ÝY Zht
hmoVm VWm Cg ewÕVm H$m Aënm§e ^r aho Vmo {OVZr ewÕVm hþB©, Cggo Vmo
{ZO©am h¡ VWm {OVZm ew^^md h¡, Cggo ~ÝY h¡Ÿ& BgàH$ma AZeZm{X {H«$`m
H$mo CnMma go Vn g§km Xr JB© h¡ - Eogm OmZZm Am¡a Bg{b`o Cgo ì`dhmaVn
H$hm h¡Ÿ& ì`dhma Am¡a CnMma H$m EH$ hr AW© h¡Ÿ&
A{YH$ Š`m H$h|? BVZm g_P boZm {H$ {ZíM`Y_© Vmo drVamJ^md h¡
VWm AÝ` AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ^oX {Z{_Îm H$s Anojm go CnMma go H$ho h¢; CÝh|
ì`dhma_mÌ Y_© g§km OmZZmŸ& Bg ahñ` H$mo (AkmZr) Zht OmZVm, Bg{b`o
134
Cgo {ZO©am H$m - Vn H$m ^r gƒm lÕmZ Zht h¡Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$, n¥ð>
233, Q>moS>a_b ñ_maH$ J«ÝW_mbm go àH$m{eV)Ÿ&
àíZ …- H«$moYm{XH$ H$m Ë`mJ Am¡a CÎm_ j_m{X Y_© H$~ hmoVm h¡?
CÎma …- ~ÝYm{X Ho$ ^` go AWdm ñdJ©-_moj H$s BÀN>m go (AkmZr
Ord) H«$moYm{XH$ Zht H$aVm, {H$ÝVw dhm± H«$moY-_mZm{X H$aZo H$m A{^àm` Vmo
J`m Zht h¡Ÿ& {OgàH$ma H$moB© amOm{X Ho$ ^` go AWdm ~‹S>ßnZ-à{Vð>m Ho$
bmo^ go naór godZ Zht H$aVm Vmo Cgo Ë`mJr Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm, CgràH$ma
`h ^r H«$moYm{X H$m Ë`mJr Zht h¡Ÿ& Vmo {\$a {H$gàH$ma Ë`mJr hmoVm h¡? - {H$
nXmW© Bï>-A{Zï> ^m{gV hmoZo na H«$moYm{X hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw O~ VÎdkmZ Ho$
Aä`mg go H$moB© Bï>-A{Zï> ^m{gV Z hmo, V~ ñd`§ H«$moYm{XH$ H$s CËn{Îm
Zht hmoVr Am¡a V^r gƒo j_m{X Y_© hmoVo h¢Ÿ& (_moj_mJ© àH$meH$, n¥ð> 229
- Q>moS>a_b ñ_maH$ J«ÝW_mbm go àH$m{eV)Ÿ&
(4) A~, AmR>d| N>ÝX _| ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ H$m dU©Z H$a|Jo, Cgo gwZmo
{H$ {OgHo$ àH$Q> hmoZo go AmË_m H$s AZÝVkmZ, AZÝVXe©Z, AZÝVgwI
Am¡a AZÝVdr`© Am{X e{º$`m| H$m nyU© {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nanXmW© H$s
Amoa H$s gd©àH$ma H$s àd¥{Îm Xya hmoVr h¡ - dh ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ h¡Ÿ&
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ (ewÕmon`moJ) H$m dU©Z
{OZ na_ n¡Zr gw~w{Y N>¡Zr, S>m[a AÝVa ^o{X`mŸ&
daUm{X Aé amJm{XV¢ {ZO ^md H$mo Ý`mam {H$`mŸ&&
{ZO_mqh {ZO Ho$ hoVw {ZOH$a, AmnH$mo Amn¡ JømoŸ&
JwU JwUr kmVm kmZ ko` _±Pma H$Nw> ^oX Z aømoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- ({OZ) Omo drVamJr _w{ZamO (na_) AË`ÝV (n¡Zr)
VrúU (gw~w{Y) gå`½kmZ AWm©V² ^oX{dkmZê$nr (N>¡Zr) 1N>¡Zr (S>m[a)
1. {OgàH$ma N>¡Zr bmoho H$mo H$mQ>H$a Xmo Qw>H$‹S>o H$a XoVr h¡, CgràH$ma ewÕmon`moJ H$_m] H$mo
H$mQ>Vm h¡ Am¡a AmË_m go CZ H$_m] H$mo n¥WH²$ H$a XoVm h¡Ÿ&
N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 135
nQ>H$H$a (AÝVa) AÝVa§J _| (^o{X`m) ^oX H$aHo$ ({ZO^md H$mo) AmË_m
Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n H$mo (daUm{X) dU©, ag, JÝY VWm ñne©ê$n Ðì`H$_©
go (Aé) Am¡a (amJm{XV¢) amJ-Ûofm{Xê$n ^mdH$_© go (Ý`mam {H$`m) {^Þ
H$aHo$ ({ZO_mqh) AnZo AmË_m _| ({ZO Ho$ hoVw) AnZo {bE ({ZOH$a)
AnZo Ûmam (AmnH$mo) AmË_m H$mo (Amn¡) ñd`§ AnZo go (Jømo) J«hU
H$aVo h¢; V~ (JwUr) JwU, (JwUmo) JwUr, (kmVm) kmVm, AmË_m _| (ko`)
kmZ H$m {df` Am¡a (kmZ _±Pma) kmZ _| (H$Nw> ^oX Z aømo) qH${MË_mÌ ^oX
[{dH$ën] Zht ahVmŸ&
^mdmW© …- {OgàH$ma H$moB© nwéf VrúU N>¡Zr Ûmam nËWa Am{X Ho$ Xmo
^mJ n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ H$a XoVm h¡, CgràH$ma ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ H$m AmMaU
H$aVo g_` drVamJr _w{Z AnZo AÝVa§J _| ^oX{dkmZê$nr N>¡Zr Ûmam AnZo
AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo Ðì`H$_© go VWm earam{XH$ ZmoH$_© go Am¡a amJ-
Ûofm{Xê$n ^mdH$_m] go {^Þ H$aHo$ AnZo AmË_m _|, AmË_m Ho$ {bE, AmË_m
H$mo ñd`§ OmZVo h¢; V~ CZHo$ ñdmZw^d _| JwU, JwUr VWm kmVm, kmZ Am¡a
ko` - Eogo H$moB© ^oX Zht ahVoŸ&&8Ÿ&&
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ (ewÕmon`moJ) H$m dU©Z
Oh± Ü`mZ Ü`mVm Ü`o` H$mo Z {dH$ën, dM ^oX Z Ohm±Ÿ&
{MX²>^md H$_©, {MXoe H$aVm, MoVZm {H$[a`m Vhm±Ÿ&&
VrZm| A{^Þ A{IÞ ewY Cn`moJ H$s {ZíMb XemŸ&
àH$Q>r Ohm± ÑJ-kmZ-d«V `o, VrZYm EH¡$ bgmŸ&&9Ÿ&&
72
136
AÝd`mW© …- (Oh±) {Og ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ _| (Ü`mZ) Ü`mZ (Ü`mVm)
Ü`mVm Am¡a (Ü`o` H$mo) Ü`o` - BZ VrZ Ho$ ({dH$ën) ^oX (Z) Zht hmoVo VWm
(Ohm±) Ohm± (dM) dMZ H$m (^oX Z) {dH$ën Zht hmoVm, (Vhm±) dhm± Vmo
({MX²^md) AmË_m H$m ñd^md hr (H$_©) H$_©, ({MXoe) AmË_m hr (H$aVm)
H$Vm©, (MoVZm) M¡VÝ`ñdê$n AmË_m hr ({H$[a`m) {H«$`m hmoVm h¡ - AWm©V²
H$Vm©, H$_© Am¡a {H«$`m - `o VrZm| (A{^Þ) ^oXa{hV - EH$, (A{IÞ)
AIÊS> [~mYma{hV] hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a (ewY Cn`moJ H$s) ewÕ Cn`moJ H$s
({ZíMb) {ZíMb (Xem) n`m©` (àH$Q>ro) àH$Q> hmoVr h¡; (Ohm±) {Og_|
(ÑJ-kmZ-d«V) gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ Am¡a gå`ŠMm[aÌ (`o VrZYm) `o
VrZm| (EH¡$) EH$ê$n - A^oXê$n go (bgm) emo^m`_mZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- drVamJr _w{ZamO ñdê$nmMaU Ho$ g_` O~ AmË_Ü`mZ _|
brZ hmo OmVo h¢; V~ Ü`mZ, Ü`mVm Am¡a Ü`o` - Eogo ^oX Zht ahVo, dMZ H$m
{dH$ën ^r Zht hmoVmŸ& dhm± (AmË_Ü`mZ _|) Vmo AmË_m hr 1H$_©, AmË_m hr
H$Vm© Am¡a AmË_m H$m ^md, dh hr {H«$`m hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² H$Vm©, H$_© Am¡a
{H«$`m - do VrZm| {~bHw$b AIÊS>, A{^Þ hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a ewÕmon`moJ H$s
AMb Xem àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, {Og_| gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ Am¡a gå`ŠMm[aÌ
EH$ gmW-EH$ê$n hmoH$a àH$me_mZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ&&9Ÿ&&
1. H$_© = H$Vm© Ûmam hþAm H$m`©; H$Vm© = ñdV§Ìê$n go H$ao, gmo H$Vm©; {H«$`m = H$Vm© Ûmam
hmoZodmbr àd¥{ÎmŸ&
N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 137
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ H$m bjU Am¡a {Z{d©H$ën Ü`mZ
na_mU Z` {Zjon H$mo Z CÚmoV AZw^d _| {XI¡Ÿ&
ÑJ-kmZ-gwI-~b_` gXm, Zqh AmZ ^md Ow _mo {dI¡Ÿ&&
_¢ gmÜ` gmYH$ _¢ A~mYH$, H$_© Aé Vgw \$b{ZV¢Ÿ&
{MV² qnS> M§S> AI§S> gwJwUH$a§S> À`wV nw{Z H$b{ZV¢Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- [Cg ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ Ho$ g_` _w{Z`m| Ho$] (AZw^d
_|) AmË_mZw^d _| (na_mU) à_mU, (Z`) Z` Am¡a ({Zjon H$mo) {Zjon
H$m {dH$ën (CÚmoV) àH$Q> (Z {XI¡) {XImB© Zht XoVm; [naÝVw Eogm {dMma
hmoVm h¡ {H$] (_¢) _¢ (gXm) gXm (ÑJ-kmZ-gwI-~b_`) AZÝVXe©Z-
AZÝVkmZ-AZÝVgwI Am¡a AZÝVdr`©_` hÿ±Ÿ& (_mo {dI¡) _oao ñdê$n _|
(AmZ) AÝ` amJ-Ûofm{X (^md) ^md (Zqh) Zht h¢, (_¢) _¢ (gmÜ`)
gmÜ`, (gmYH$) gmYH$ VWm (H$_©) H$_© (Aé) Am¡a (Vgw) CgHo$
(\$b{ZV¢) \$bm| Ho$ (A~mYH$) {dH$ëna{hV ({MV² qnS>) kmZ-Xe©Z-
MoVZmñdê$n (M§S>) {Z_©b VWm Eoíd`©dmZ (AI§S>) AI§S> (gwJwU H$a§S>)
gwJwUm| H$m ^§S>ma (nw{Z) Am¡a (H$b{ZV¢) AewÕVm go (À`wV) a{hV hÿ±Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Bg ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ Ho$ g_` _w{Z`m| Ho$ AmË_mZw^d _|
à_mU, Z` Am¡a {Zjon H$m {dH$ën Vmo CR>Vm hr Zht, {H$ÝVw JwU-JwUr H$m
^oX ^r Zht hmoVm - Eogm Ü`mZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& àW_ Eogm Ü`mZ hmoVm h¡ {H$ _¢
73
138 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 139

AZÝVXe©Z-AZÝVkmZ-AZÝVgwI Am¡a AZÝVdr`©ê$n hÿ±; _wP_| H$moB©

amJm{XH$ ^md Zht h¢; _¢ hr gmÜ` hÿ±, _¢ hr gmYH$ hÿ± Am¡a H$_© VWm H$_©\$b
go n¥WH²$ hÿ±Ÿ& _¢ kmZ-Xe©Z-MoVZmñdê$n {Z_©b Eoíd`©dmZ VWm AIÊS>,
ghO ewÕ JwUm| H$m ^ÊS>ma Am¡a nwÊ`-nmn go a{hV hÿ±Ÿ&
VmËn`© `h h¡ {H$ gd© àH$ma Ho$ {dH$ënm| go a{hV {Z{d©H$ën AmË_pñWaVm
H$mo ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ H$hVo h¢Ÿ&&10Ÿ&&
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ Am¡a A[ahÝV Xem
`m| {MÝË` {ZO _| {Wa ^`o, {VZ AH$W Omo AmZ§X bømoŸ&
gmo BÝÐ ZmJ ZaoÝÐ dm Ah{_ÝÐH¢$ Zmht H$ømoŸ&&
V~ hr ewH$b Ü`mZmp½Z H$[a, MCKm{V {d{Y H$mZZ XømoŸ&
g~ b»`mo Ho$dbkmZH$[a, ^{dbmoH$ H$mo {ed_J H$ømoŸ&&11Ÿ&&
g_ñV nXmWm] Ho$ gd©JwU VWm n`m©`m| H$mo (b»`mo>) àË`j OmZ boVo h¢, V~
(^{dbmoH$ H$mo>) ^ì`Ordm| H$mo ({ed_J>) _moj_mJ© (H$ømo>) ~VbmVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- Bg ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ Ho$ g_` _w{ZamO O~ Cn`w©º$mZwgma
qMVdZ - {dMma H$aHo$ AmË_m _| brZ hmo OmVo h¢; V~ CÝh| Omo AmZÝX hmoVm
h¡, d¡gm AmZÝX BÝÐ, ZmJoÝÐ, ZaoÝÐ (MH«$dVu) `m Ah{_ÝÐ (H$ënmVrV
AÝd`mW© …- [ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ _|] (`m|) BgàH$ma ({MÝË`) qMVdZ Xod) H$mo ^r Zht hmoVmŸ& `h ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ àH$Q> hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² ñdÐì`
H$aHo$ ({ZO _|) AmË_ñdê$n _| ({Wa ^`o) brZ hmoZo na ({VZ) CZ _w{Z`m| _| CJ« EH$mJ«Vm go - ewŠbÜ`mZê$n Ap½Z Ûmam - Mma 1Km{VH$_m] H$m Zme
H$mo> (Omo) Omo (AH$W) H$hm Z Om gH|$ - Eogm - dMZ go nma - (AmZ§X) hmoVm h¡ Am¡a A[ahÝV Xem VWm Ho$dbkmZ H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡, {Og_| VrZH$mb
AmZ§X (bømo) hmoVm h¡ (gmo) dh AmZÝX (BÝÐ) BÝÐ H$mo, (ZmJ) ZmJoÝÐ Am¡a VrZbmoH$ Ho$ g_ñV nXmW© ñnï> kmV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a V~ ^ì`Ordm| H$mo
H$mo, (ZaoÝÐ) MH«$dVu H$mo (dm Ah{_ÝÐ H$mo) `m Ah{_ÝÐ H$mo (Zmht H$ømo) _moj_mJ© H$m CnXoe XoVo h¢Ÿ&&11Ÿ&&
H$hZo _| Zht Am`m - Zht hmoVmŸ& (V~ hr) dh ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ àH$Q>
hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² O~ (ewH$b Ü`mZmp½Z H$[a) ewŠbÜ`mZê$nr A{½Z Ûmam 1. Km{VH$_© Xmo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ - Ðì`-Km{VH$_© Am¡a ^md-Km{VH$_©Ÿ& CZ_| ewŠbÜ`mZ Ûmam
ewÕ Xem àH$Q> hmoZo na ^md-Km{VH$_©ê$n AewÕ n`m©`| CËnÞ Zht hmoVt, dh
(MCKm{V {d{Y H$mZZ) Mma Km{VH$_m]ê$nr dZ (Xømo) Ob OmVm h¡ Am¡a
^mdKm{VH$_© H$m Zme h¡ VWm CgràH$ma Ðì`-Km{VH$_© H$m ñd`§ A^md hmoVm h¡, dh
(Ho$dbkmZH$[a) Ho$dbkmZ go (g~$) VrZH$mb Am¡a VrZbmoH$ _| hmoZodmbo Ðì`-Km{VH$_© H$m Zme h¡Ÿ&
74
140 N>hT>mbm
{gÕXem ({gÕ ñdê$n) H$m dU©Z
nw{Z Km{V eof AKm{V {d{Y, {N>Z_mqh Aï>_ ^y dg¢Ÿ&
dgw H$_© {dZg¢ gwJwU dgw, gå`ŠËd Am{XH$ g~ bg¢Ÿ&&
g§gma Ima Anma nmamdma V[a Vraqh J`oŸ&
A{dH$ma AH$b Aê$n ew{M, {MÐÿn A{dZmer ^`oŸ&&12Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (nw{Z) Ho$dbkmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² (eof) eof Mma
(AKm{V {d{Y) AKm{V`m H$_m] H$m (Km{V) Zme H$aHo$ ({N>Z_mqh) Hw$N>
hr g_` _|> (Aï>_ ^y) AmR>dt n¥Ïdr - B©fV² àm½^ma - _moj joÌ _| (dg¢)
{Zdmg H$aVo h¢; CZH$mo (dgw H$_©) AmR> H$_m] H$m ({dZg¢) Zme hmo OmZo go
(gå`ŠËd Am{XH$) gå`ŠËdm{X (g~) g_ñV (dgw gwJwU) AmR> _w»`
JwU (bg¢) emo^m`_mZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& [Eogo {gÕ hmoZodmbo _wº$mË_m] (g§gma Ima
Anma nmamdma) g§gmaê$nr Imao VWm AJmY g_wÐ H$mo (V[a) nma H$aHo$
(Vraqh) {H$Zmao na (J`o) nhþ±M OmVo h¢ Am¡a (A{dH$ma) {dH$maa{hV,
(AH$b) earaa{hV, (Aê$n) ê$na{hV, (ew{M$) ewÕ-{ZXm}f ({MÐÿn>)
Xe©Z-kmZ-MoVZmñdê$n VWm (A{dZmer>) {ZË`-ñWm`r (^`o>) hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- A[ahÝV Xem AWdm Ho$dbkmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² Cg
Ord H$mo ^r {OZ JwUm| H$s n`m©`m| _| AewÕVm hmoVr h¡, CZH$m H«$_e… A^md
H$a dh Ord nyU© ewÕ Xem H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cgg_` A{gÕËd
Zm_H$ AnZo CX`^md H$m Zme hmoVm h¡ VWm Mma AKm{V H$_m] H$m ^r ñd`§
75
N>R>dt T>mb 141
gd©Wm A^md hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ& {gÕXem _| gå`ŠËdm{X AmR> JwU (JwUm| H$s
{Z_©b n`m©`|) àH$Q> hmoVo h¢Ÿ& _w»` AmR> JwU ì`dhma go H$ho h¢; {ZíM` go
Vmo AZÝV JwU (gd© JwUm| H$s n`m©`|) ewÕ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ D$Üd©J_Z
Ho$ H$maU EH$ g_`_mÌ _| bmoH$mJ« _| nhþ±MH$a dhm± pñWa ah OmVo h¢Ÿ& Eogo
Ord g§gmaê$nr Xw…IXm`r VWm AJmY g_wÐ go nma hmo J`o h¢ Am¡a dhr Ord
{Z{d©H$mar, Aearar, A_y{V©H$, ewÕ M¡VÝ`ê$n VWm A{dZmer hmoH$a {gÕXem
H$mo àmá hþE h¢Ÿ&&12Ÿ&&
_mojXem H$m dU©Z
{ZO_mqh bmoH$-AbmoH$ JwU, naOm` à{V{~på~V W`oŸ&
a{hh¢ AZÝVmZÝV H$mb, `Wm VWm {ed n[aU`oŸ&&
Y{Z YÝ` h¢ Oo Ord, Za^d nm` `h H$maO {H$`mŸ&
{VZhr AZm{X ^«_U n§M àH$ma V{O da gwI {b`mŸ&&13Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- ({ZO_m{h§) CZ {gÕ^JdmZ Ho$ AmË_m _| (bmoH$-
AbmoH$) bmoH$ VWm AbmoH$ Ho$ (JwU, naOm`) JwU Am¡a n`m©`| (à{V{~på~V
W`o) PbH$Zo bJVo h¢ AWm©V² kmV hmoZo bJVo h¢Ÿ& do (`Wm) {OgàH$ma>
({ed) _mojê$n go (n[aU`o) n[aU{_V hþE h¢ (VWm) CgràH$ma (AZÝVmZÝV
H$mb) AZÝV-AZÝV H$mb VH$ (a{hh¢) ah|JoŸ&
(Oo) {OZ (Ord) Ordm| Zo (Za^d nm`) nwéf n`m©` àmá H$aHo$ (`h)
`h _w{ZnX Am{X H$s àm{áê$n (H$maO) H$m`© ({H$`m) {H$`m h¡, do Ord
(Y{Z YÝ` h¢) _hmZ YÝ`dmX Ho$ nmÌ h¢ Am¡a ({VZhr) CÝht Ordm| Zo
142 N>hT>mbm
(AZm{X) AZm{XH$mb go Mbo Am aho (n§M àH$ma) nm±M àH$ma Ho$
n[adV©Zê$n (^«_U$) g§gman[a^«_U H$mo (V{O>) N>mS‹o >H$a (da>) CÎm_ (gwI>)
gwI ({b`m) àmá {H$`m h¡Ÿ&
^mdmW© …- {gÕ ^JdmZ Ho$ AmË_m _| Ho$dbkmZ Ûmam bmoH$ Am¡a
AbmoH$ (g_ñV nXmW©) AnZo-AnZo JwU Am¡a VrZm|H$mb H$s n`m©`m| g{hV
EH$gmW, ñdÀN> Xn©U Ho$ Ñï>mÝVê$n go - gd©àH$ma go ñnï> kmV hmoVo h¢;
({H$ÝVw kmZ _| Xn©U H$s ^m±{V N>m`m Am¡a AmH¥${V Zht n‹S>Vr)Ÿ& do nyU©
n{dÌVmê$n _mojXem H$mo àmá hþE h¢ VWm dh Xem dhm± {dÚ_mZ AÝ` {gÕ-
_wº$ Ordm| H$s ^m±{V 1AZÝVmZÝV H$mb VH$ ahoJr; AWm©V² An[a{_V H$mb
ì`VrV hmo Om`o, VWm{n CZH$s AIÊS> km`H$Vm-empÝV Am{X _| qH${MV²
~mYm Zht AmVrŸ& `h _Zwî`n`m©` àmá H$aHo$ {OZ Ordm| Zo ewÕ M¡VÝ` H$s
àm{áê$n H$m`© {H$`m h¡, do Ord _hmZ YÝ`dmX (àe§gm) Ho$ nmÌ h¢ Am¡a
CÝhm|Zo AZm{XH$mb go Mbo Am aho n§M namdV©Zê$n g§gma Ho$ n[a^«_U H$m
Ë`mJ H$aHo$ CÎm_ gwI - _mojgwI àmá {H$`m h¡Ÿ&&13Ÿ&&
aËZÌ` H$m \$b Am¡a AmË_{hV _| àd¥{Îm H$m CnXoe
_w»`monMma Xw ^oX `m| ~‹S>^m{J aËZÌ` Ya¢Ÿ&
Aé Ya|Jo Vo {ed bh¢, {VZ gw`e-Ob-OJ-_b ha¢Ÿ&&
B{_ Om{Z Ambg hm{Z gmhg R>m{Z, `h {gI AmXam¡Ÿ&
O~bm| Z amoJ Oam Jh¡, V~bm¢ P{Q>{V {ZO {hV H$am¡Ÿ&&14Ÿ&&
AÝd`mW© …- (~‹S>^m{J) Omo _hm nwéfmWu Ord (`m|) BgàH$ma
(_w»`monMma) {ZíM` Am¡a ì`dhma (Xw^oX) Eogo Xmo àH$ma Ho$ (aËZÌ`)
1. {OgàH$ma ~rO H$mo `{X Obm {X`m Om`o Vmo dh CJVm Zht h¡; CgràH$ma {OÝhm|Zo
g§gma Ho$ H$maUm| H$m gd©Wm Zme H$a {X`m, do nwZ… OÝ_ YmaU Zht H$aVoŸ& AWdm
{OgàH$ma _ŠIZ go Kr hmo OmZo Ho$ níMmV² nwZ… _ŠIZ Zht ~ZVm, CgràH$ma AmË_m
H$s gånyU© n{dÌVmê$n Aearar _mojXem (na_mË_nX) àH$Q> H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² Cg_|
H$^r AewÕVm Zht AmVr - g§gma _| nwZ… AmJ_Z Zht hmoVmŸ&
76
N>R>dt T>mb 143
aËZÌ` H$mo> (Ya¢ Aé Ya|Jo) YmaU H$aVo h¢ Am¡a H$a|Jo (Vo) do ({ed) _moj
(bh¢¢) àmá H$aVo h¢ Am¡a ({VZ) CZ Ordm| H$m (gw`e-Ob) gwH$s{V©ê$nr
Ob (OJ-_b) g§gmaê$nr _¡b H$m (ha¢) Zme H$aVm h¡Ÿ& - (B{_) Eogm
(Om{Z) OmZH$a (Ambg) à_mX [ñdê$n _| AgmdYmZr] (hm{Z) N>mo‹S>H$a
(gmhg) nwéfmW© (R>m{Z) H$aZo (`h) `h ({gI$) {ejm-CnXoe (AmXam¡)
J«hU H$amo {H$ (O~bm¢>) O~VH$ (amoJ Oam>) amoJ `m d¥ÕmdñWm (Z Jh¡) Z
Am`o (V~bm¢) V~VH$ (P{Q>{V) erK« ({ZO {hV) AmË_m H$m {hV (H$am¡)
H$a boZm Mm{hEŸ&
^mdmW© …- Omo gËnwéfmWu Ord gd©k-drVamJ H${WV {ZíM` Am¡a
ì`dhmaaËZÌ` H$m ñdê$n OmZH$a, CnmXo` VWm ho` VÎdm| H$m ñdê$n
g_PH$a AnZo ewÕ CnmXmZ-Am{lV {ZíM`aËZÌ` H$mo (ewÕmË_m{lV
drVamJ^mdñdê$n _moj_mJ© H$mo) YmaU H$aVo h¢ VWm H$a|Jo, do Ord nyU©
n{dÌVmê$n _moj_mJ© H$mo àmá hmoVo h¢ Am¡a hm|JoŸ& (JwUñWmZ Ho$ à_mU _|
ew^amJ AmVm h¡, dh ì`dhma-aËZÌ` H$m ñdê$n OmZZm VWm Cgo {ZíM`
go CnmXo` Z _mZZm, CgH$m Zm_ ì`dhma-aËZÌ` H$m YmaU H$aZm h¡)Ÿ& Omo
Ord _moj H$mo àmá hþE h¢ Am¡a hm|Jo, CZH$m gwH$s{V©ê$nr Ob H¡$gm h¡? - {H$
Omo {gÕ na_mË_m H$m `WmW© ñdê$n g_PH$a ñdmoÝ_wI hmoZodmbo ^ì`Ord
h¢, CZHo$ g§gma (_{bZ^md) ê$nr _b H$mo haZo H$m {Z{_Îm h¡Ÿ& Eogm OmZH$a
à_mX H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a, gmhg AWm©V² gÀMm nwéfmW© H$aHo$ `h CnXoe A“rH$ma
H$amo {H$ O~VH$ amoJ `m d¥ÕmdñWm Zo eara H$mo Zht Koam h¡, V~VH$ erK«
(dV©_mZ _| hr) AmË_m H$m {hV H$a bmoŸ&&14Ÿ&&
ApÝV_ grI
`h amJ-AmJ Xh¡ gXm, VmV¢ g_m_¥V goB`oŸ&
{Ma ^Oo {df`-H$fm` A~ Vmo, Ë`mJ {ZOnX ~oB`oŸ&&
H$hm aÀ`mo na nX _|, Z Voamo nX `h¡, Š`m| XwI gh¡Ÿ&
A~ ""Xm¡b''! hmoC gwIr ñdnX-a{M, Xmd _V MyH$m¡ `h¡Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
144 N>hT>mbm
AÝd`mW© …- (`h) `h (amJ-AmJ) amJê$nr Ap½Z (gXm) AZm{XH$mb
go {ZaÝVa Ord H$mo (Xh¡) Obm ahr h¡, (VmV¢) Bg{b`o> (g_m_¥V) g_Vmê$n
A_¥V H$m (goB`o) godZ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& ({df`-H$fm`) {df`-H$fm` H$m
({Ma ^Oo) AZm{XH$mb go godZ {H$`m h¡ (A~ Vmo) A~ Vmo (Ë`mJ) CgH$m
Ë`mJ H$aHo$ ({ZOnX) AmË_ñdê$n H$mo (~oB`o) OmZZm Mm{hE - àmá H$aZm
Mm{hEŸ& (na nX _|) nanXmWm] _| - na^mdm| _| (H$hm) Š`m| (aÀ`mo) Amgº$-
gÝVwï> hmo ahm h¡? (`h¡) `h (nX) nX (Voamo) Voam (Z) Zht h¡Ÿ& Vy (XwI$)
Xw…I (Š`m|) {H$g{b`o (gh¡>) ghZ H$aVm h¡? (Xm¡b!) ho Xm¡bVam_! (A~)
A~ (ñdnX) AnZo AmË_nX - {gÕnX _| (a{M) bJH$a (gwIr) gwIr
(hmoC) hmoAmo! (`h) `h (Xmd) Adga (_V MyH$m¡) Z J±dmAmo!
^mdmW© …- `h amJ (_moh, AkmZ) ê$nr Ap½Z AZm{XH$mb go {ZaÝVa
g§gmar Ordm| H$mo Obm ahr h¡ - Xw…Ir H$a ahr h¡ Bg{b`o Ordm| H$mo
{ZíM`aËZÌ`_` g_Vmê$nr A_¥V H$m nmZ H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo amJ-Ûof
_moh (AkmZ) H$m Zme hmoŸ& {df`-H$fm`m| H$m godZ {dnarV nwéfmW© Ûmam
AZm{XH$mb go H$a ahm h¡; A~ CgH$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$ AmË_nX (_moj) àmá
H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& Vy Xw…I {H$g{b`o ghZ H$aVm h¡? Voam dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n
AZÝVXe©Z, kmZ, gwI Am¡a AZÝVdr`© h¡, Cg_| brZ hmoZm Mm{hEŸ& Eogm
H$aZo go hr gƒm-gwI _moj àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bg{b`o ho Xm¡bVam_! ho
Ord! A~ AmË_ñdê$n H$mo àmá H$a! AmË_ñdê$n H$mo n{hMmZ! `h CÎm_
Adga ~maå~ma àmá Zht hmoVm, Bg{b`o Bgo Z J±dmŸ& gm§gm[aH$ _moh H$m
Ë`mJ H$aHo$ _mojàm{á H$m Cnm` H$aŸ!
77
N>R>dt T>mb 145
`hm± {deof `h g_PZm {H$ - Ord AZm{XH$mb go {_Ï`mËdê$nr Ap½Z
VWm amJ-Ûofê$n AnZo AnamY go hr Xw…Ir hmo ahm h¡, Bg{b`o AnZo `WmW©
nwéfmW© go hr gwIr hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Eogm {Z`_ hmoZo go O‹S>H$_© Ho$ CX` go `m
{H$gr na Ho$ H$maU Xw…Ir hmo ahm h¡ AWdm na Ho$ Ûmam Ord H$mo bm^-hm{Z
hmoVo h¢ - Eogm _mZZm C{MV Zht h¡Ÿ&&15Ÿ&&
J«ÝW-aMZm H$m H$mb Am¡a Cg_| AmYma
BH$ Zd dgw BH$ df© H$s, VrO ewŠb d¡emIŸ&
H$a²`mo VÎd-CnXoe `h, b{I ~wYOZ H$s ^mIŸ&&
bKw-Yr VWm à_mXV¢, eãX AW© H$s ^ybŸ&
gwYr gwYma n‹T>mo gXm, Omo nmdmo ^d-Hy$bŸ&&16Ÿ&&
^mdmW© …- npÊS>V ~wYOZH¥$V 1N>hT>mbm Ho$ H$WZ H$m AmYma boH$a
_¢Zo (Xm¡bVam_ Zo) {dH«$_ g§dV 1891, d¡emI ewŠbm 3 (Aj` V¥Vr`m)
Ho$ {XZ Bg N>hT>mbm J«ÝW H$s aMZm H$s h¡Ÿ& _oar Aën~w{Õ VWm à_mXde
Cg_| H$ht eãX H$s `m AW© H$s ^yb ah JB© hmo Vmo ~w{Õ_mZ Cgo gwYmaH$a
n‹T>|, Vm{H$ Ord g§gma-g_wÐ H$mo nma H$aZo _| e{º$_mZ hmoŸ&
N>R>dt T>mb H$m gmam§e
{Og Mm[aÌ Ho$ hmoZo go g_ñV nanXmWm] go d¥{Îm hQ> OmVr h¡, dUm©{X VWm
amJm{X go M¡VÝ`^md H$mo n¥WH²$ H$a {b`m OmVm h¡ - AnZo AmË_m _|,
AmË_m Ho$ {bE, AmË_m Ûmam, AnZo AmË_m H$m hr AZw^d hmoZo bJVm h¡;
dhm± Z`, à_mU, {Zjon, JwU-JwUr, kmZ-kmVm-ko`, Ü`mZ-Ü`mVm-Ü`o`,
H$Vm©-H$_© Am¡a {H«$`m Am{X ^oXm| H$m qH${MV² {dH$ën Zht ahVm; ewÕ
Cn`moJê$n A^oX aËZÌ` Ûmam ewÕ M¡VÝ` H$m hr AZw^d hmoZo bJVm h¡, Cgo
1. Bg J«ÝW _| N>h àH$ma Ho$ N>ÝX Am¡a N>h àH$aU h¢, Bg{b`o VWm {OgàH$ma VrúU eóm|
Ho$ àhma H$mo amoH$Zodmbr T>mb hmoVr h¡, CgràH$ma Ord H$mo A{hVH$mar eÌw-{_Ï`mËd,
amJm{X, Amòdm| H$m VWm AkmZm§YH$ma H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE T>mb Ho$ g_mZ `h N>h
àH$aU h¢; Bg{b`o Bg J«ÝW H$m Zm_ N>hT>mbm aIm J`m h¡Ÿ&
146 N>hT>mbm
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `h ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ Mm¡Wo JwUñWmZ go
àmaå^ hmoH$a _w{ZXem _| A{YH$ CÀM hmoVm h¡Ÿ& VËníMmV² ewŠbÜ`mZ
Ûmam Mma Km{V H$_m] H$m Zme hmoZo na dh Ord Ho$dbkmZ àmá H$aHo$ 18
Xmof a{hV lr A[ahÝVnX àmá H$aVm h¡; {\$a eof Mma AKm{VH$_m] H$m ^r
Zme H$aHo$ jU_mÌ _| _moj àmá H$a boVm h¡; Cg AmË_m _| AZÝVH$mb VH$
AZÝV MVwï>` H$m (AZÝVkmZ-Xe©Z-gwI-dr`© H$m) EH$-gm AZw^d
hmoVm ahVm h¡; {\$a Cgo n§MnamdV©Zê$n g§gma _| Zht ^Q>H$Zm n‹S>Vm; dh
H$^r AdVma YmaU Zht H$aVm; gX¡d Aj` AZÝV gwI H$m AZw^d H$aVm
h¡Ÿ& AIpÊS>V kmZ-AmZÝXê$n AZÝVJwUm| _| {ZíMb ahVm h¡; Cgo
_mojñdê$n H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Omo Ord _moj H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE Bg aËZÌ` H$mo YmaU H$aVo h¢ Am¡a
H$a|Jo, CÝh| Adí` hr _moj H$s àm{á hmoJrŸ& àË`oH$ g§gmar Ord {_Ï`mËd,
H$fm` Am¡a {df`m| H$m godZ Vmo AZm{XH$mb go H$aVm Am`m h¡, {H$ÝVw Cggo
Cgo qH${MV² empÝV àmá Zht hþB©Ÿ& empÝV H$m EH$_mÌ H$maU Vmo _moj_mJ© h¡;
Cg_| Cg Ord Zo H$^r VËnaVmnyd©H$ àd¥{Îm Zht H$s; Bg{b`o A~ ^r `{X
empÝV H$s (AmË_{hV H$s) BÀN>m hmo Vmo Ambñ` H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a, (AmË_m
H$m) H$V©ì` g_PH$a, amoJ Am¡a d¥ÕmdñWm{X AmZo go nyd© hr _moj_mJ© _|
àd¥Îm hmo OmZm Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ `h nwéfn`m©`, gËg_mJ_ Am{X gw`moJ
~maå~ma àmá Zht hmoVo; Bg{b`o CÝh| ì`W© Z J±dmH$a Adí` hr AmË_{hV
gmY boZm Mm{hEŸ&
N>R>dt T>mb H$m ^oX-g§J«h
AÝVa§J Vn àm`píMÎm, {dZ`, d¡`md¥Ë`, ñdmÜ`m`, ì`wËgJ© Am¡a
Ho$ Zm_ …- Ü`mZŸ&
Cn`moJ …- ewÕ Cn`moJ, ew^ Cn`moJ Am¡a Aew^ Cn`moJ - Eogo
VrZ Cn`moJ h¢Ÿ& `o Mm[aÌJwU H$s AdñWmE± h¢Ÿ& (OmZZm-
XoIZm, dh kmZ-Xe©ZJwU H$m Cn`moJ h¡ - `h ~mV
78
N>R>dt T>mb 147
`hm± Zht h¡Ÿ&)
{N>`mbrg Xmof …- XmVm Ho$ Am{lV gmobh CX²J_m{X Xmof, nmÌ Ho$ Am{lV
gmobh CËnmXZ Xmof VWm Amhma gå~ÝYr Xe Am¡a
^moOZ {H«$`m gå~ÝYr Mma - Eogo {N>`mbrg Xmof h¢Ÿ&
VrZ aËZ …- gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ Am¡a gå`ŠMm[aÌŸ&
Voah àH$ma H$m Mm[aÌ …- nm±M _hmd«V, nm±M g{_{V Am¡a VrZ Jw{áŸ&
Y_© …- CÎm_ j_m, _mX©d, AmO©d, gË`, em¡M, g§`_, Vn,
Ë`mJ, AmqH$MÝ` Am¡a ~«÷M`© - Eogo Xe h¢Ÿ& (Xem|
Y_m] H$mo CÎm_ g§km h¡, Bg{b`o {ZíM`gå`½Xe©ZnydH© $
drVamJ^mdZm Ho$ hr do Xe àH$ma h¢Ÿ&)
_w{Z H$s {H«$`m …- (_w{Z Ho$ JwU) … _yb JwU 28 h¢Ÿ&
aËZÌ` …- {ZíM` Am¡a ì`dhma AWdm _w»` Am¡a CnMma - Eogo
Xmo àH$ma h¢Ÿ&
{gÕ na_mË_m gd© JwUm| _| gånyU© ewÕVm àH$Q> hmoZo na gd©àH$ma go
Ho$ JwU …- AewÕ n`m©`m| H$m Zme hmoZo go, kmZmdaUm{X AmR>m|
H$_m] H$m ñd`§ gd©Wm Zme hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a JwU àH$Q>
Zht hmoVo, {H$ÝVw JwUm| H$s {Z_©b n`m©`| àH$Q> hmoVr h¢;
O¡ g o {H$ - AZÝVXe© Z -kmZ-gå`ŠËd-gw I ,
AZÝVdr`©, AZ§V AdJmhZm, A_y{V©H$ (gyú_Ëd)
Am¡a AJwébKwËdŸ& - `o AmR> _w»` JwU ì`dhma go
H$ho h¢, {ZíM` go Vmo àË`oH$ {gÕ Ho$ AZÝVJwU
g_PZm Mm{hEŸ&
erb …- AMoVZ ór …- VrZ (H$R>moa ñne©, H$mo_b ñne©,
{MÌnQ>) àH$ma H$s, CgHo$ gmW VrZ H$aU (H$aZm,
148 N>hT>mbm
H$amZm Am¡a AZw_moXZm H$aZm) go Xmo (_Z, dMZ)
`moJ Ûmam nm±M BpÝÐ`m± (H$U©, Mjw, K«mU, agZm Am¡a
ñne©) go Mma g§km (Amhma, ^`, _¡WwZ, n[aJ«h)
g{hV Ðì` go Am¡a ^md go godZ 3--3--2--5-
-4--2 = 720 - Eogo ^oX hþEŸ&
MoVZ ór …- (Xodr, _Zwî`, {V`ªM) VrZ àH$ma H$s, CZHo$ gmW
VrZ H$maU (H$aZm, H$amZm Am¡a AZw_moXZ H$aZm) go
VrZ (_Z, dMZ, H$m`mê$n) `moJ Ûmam, nm±M (H$U©,
Mjw, K«mU, agZm, ñne©ê$n) BpÝÐ`m| go Mma (Amhma,
^`, _¡WwZ, n[aJ«h) g§km g{hV Ðì` go Am¡a ^md go,
gmo b h (AZÝVmZw ~ ÝYr, AàË`m»`mZmdaUr`,
àË`m»`mZm daUr` Am¡a g§ÁdbZ - BZ Mma àH$ma
go H«$moY, _mZ, _m`m, bmo^ - Eogo àË`oH$) àH$ma go
godZ 3--3--3--5--4--2--16 = 17280
^oX hþEŸ& àW_ 720 Am¡a Xygao 17280 ^oX {_bH$a
18000 ^oX _¡WwZ-H$_© Ho$ Xmofê$n ^oX h¢; CZH$m
A^md gmo erb h¡; Cgo {Z_©b ñd^md AWdm erb
H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
Z` …- {ZíM` Am¡a ì`dhmaŸ&
{Zjon …- Zm_, ñWmnZm Ðì` Am¡a ^md - `o Mma h¢Ÿ&
à_mU …- àË`j Am¡a namojŸ&
N>R>dt T>mb H$m bjU-g§J«h
A§Va§J Vn …- ew^mew^ BÀN>mAm| Ho$ {ZamoYnyd©H$ AmË_m _| {Z_©b
kmZ-AmZ§X Ho$ AZw^d go AIpÊS>V àVmndÝV ahZm;
{ZñVa§J M¡VÝ`ê$n go emo{^V hmoZmŸ&
AZw^d …- ñdmoÝ_wI hþE kmZ Am¡a gwI H$m agmñdmXZŸ&
79
N>R>dt T>mb 149
dñVw {dMmaV Ü`mdV¢, _Z nmdo {dlm_Ÿ&
ag ñdmXV gwI D$nO¡, AZw^d `mH$mo Zm_Ÿ&&
Amdí`H$ …- _w{Z`m| H$mo Adí` H$aZo `mo½` ñdde ewÕ AmMaUŸ&
H$m`Jw{á …- H$m`m H$s Amoa Cn`moJ Z OmH$a AmË_m _| hr brZVmŸ&
Jw{á …- _Z, dMZ, H$m`m H$s Amoa Cn`moJ H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo
^br^m±{V AmË_^mZnydH© $ amoH$Zm AWm©V² AmË_m _| hr
brZVm hmoZm, gmo Jw{á h¡Ÿ&
Vn …- ñdê$n{dlmÝV, {ZñVa§Jê$n go {ZO ewÕVm _| àVmndÝV
hmoZm - emo^m`_mZ hmoZm, gmo Vn h¡Ÿ& Cg_| {OVZr
ew^mew^ BÀN>mAm| H$m {ZamoY hmoH$a ewÕVm ~‹T>Vr h¡,
dh Vn h¡; AÝ` ~mah ^oX Vmo ì`dhma (CnMma) Vn
Ho$ h¢Ÿ&
Ü`mZ …- gd© {dH$ënm| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a AnZo kmZ H$mo bú` _|
pñWa H$aZm, gmo Ü`mZ h¡Ÿ&
Z` …- dñVw Ho$ EH$ A§e H$mo _w»` H$aHo$ OmZo, dh Z` h¡
Am¡a dh Cn`moJmË_H$ h¡Ÿ& gå`H²$ lwVkmZà_mU H$m
A§e, dh Z` h¡Ÿ&
{Zjon …- Z`kmZ Ûmam ~mYma{hVê$n go àg§JdemV² nXmW© _|
Zm_m{X H$s ñWmnZm H$aZm, gmo {Zjon h¡Ÿ&
n[aJ«h …- nadñVw _| __Vm^md (_moh AWdm __Ëd)Ÿ&
n[afhO` …- Xw…I Ho$ H$maU {_bZo go Xw…Ir Z hmo VWm gwI Ho$
H$maU {_bZo go gwIr Z hmo, {H$ÝVw kmVmê$n go Cg
ko` H$m OmZZodmbm hr aho - dhr gƒm n[afhO` h¡Ÿ&
à{VH«$_U …- {_Ï`mXe©Z, {_Ï`mkmZ, {_Ï`mMm[aÌ H$mo {Zadeofê$n
go N>mo‹S>H$a gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ, gå`ŠMm[aÌ H$mo
150 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 151

(Ord) ^mVm h¡, dh (Ord) à{VH«$_U h¡Ÿ& ({Z`_gma,
JmWm - 91)Ÿ&
à_mU …- ñd-na dñVw H$m {ZíM` H$aZodmbm gå`½kmZŸ&
~{ha§J Vn …- Xygao XoI gH|$ - Eogo na-nXmWm] go gå~pÝYV
BÀN>m{ZamoYŸ&
_ZmoJw{á …- _Z H$s Amoa Cn`moJ Z OmH$a AmË_m _| hr brZVmŸ&
_hmd«V …- {ZíM`aËZÌ`nyd©H$ VrZm| `moJ (_Z, dMZ, H$m`)
VWm H$aZo-H$amZo-AZw_moXZ Ho$ ^oX g{hV qhgm{X nm±M
nmnm| H$m gd©Wm Ë`mJŸ&
O¡Z gmYw (_w{Z) H$mo qhgm, PyR>, Mmoar, A~«÷ Am¡a
n[aJ«h - BZ nm±Mm| nmnm| H$m gd©Wm Ë`mJ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&
aËZÌ` …- {ZíM`gå`½Xe©Z-kmZ-Mm[aÌŸ&
dMZJw{á …- ~mobZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo amoH$Zm AWm©V² AmË_m _| brZVmŸ&
ewŠbÜ`mZ …- AË`ÝV {Z_©b, drVamJVmnyU© Ü`mZŸ&
ewÕ Cn`moJ …- ew^-Aew^, amJ-Ûofm{X go a{hV AmË_m H$s Mm[aÌ-
n[aU{VŸ&
g{_{V …- à_mXa{hV `ËZmMmag{hV gå`H²$ àd¥{ÎmŸ&
ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ …- AmË_ñdê$n _| EH$mJ«Vmnyd©H$ a_UVm - brZVmŸ&
AÝVa-àXe©Z
(1) "Z`' Vmo kmVm AWm©V² OmZZodmbm h¡ Am¡a "{Zjon' ko` AWm©V² kmZ _|
kmV hmoZo `mo½` h¡Ÿ&
(2) à_mU Vmo dñVw Ho$ gm_mÝ`-{deof g_ñV ^mJm| H$mo OmZVm h¡, {H$ÝVw
Z` dñVw Ho$ EH$ ^mJ H$mo _w»` aIH$a OmZVm h¡Ÿ&
80
(3) ew^ Cn`moJ Vmo ~ÝY H$m AWdm g§gma H$m H$maU h¡, {H$ÝVw ewÕ
Cn`moJ {ZO©am Am¡a _moj H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ&
àíZmdbr
1 A§Va§J Vn, AZw^d, Amdí`H$, Jw{á, Jw{á`m±, Vn, Ðì`qhgm,
Aqhgm, Ü`mZñW _w{Z, Z`, {ZíM`, AmË_Mm[aÌ, n[aJ«h, à_mU,
à_mX, à{VH«$_U, ~{ha§J Vn, ^mdqhgm, Aqhgm, _hmd«V, n§M
_hmd«V, aËZÌ`, ewÕmË_-AZw^d, ewÕ-Cn`moJ, ewŠbÜ`mZ, g{_{V
Am¡a g{_{V`m| Ho$ bjU ~VbmAmoŸ&
2. AKm{V`m, Amdí`H$, Cn`moJ, H$m`Jw{á, {N>`mbrg Xmof, Vn, Y_©,
n[aJ«h, à_mX, à_mU, _w{Z{H«$`m, _hmd«V, aËZÌ`, erb, eof JwU,
g{_{V, gmYwJwU Am¡a {gÕJwU Ho$ ^oX H$hmoŸ&
3. Z` Am¡a {Zjon _|, à_mU Am¡a Z` _|, kmZ Am¡a AmË_m _|, ew^-
Cn`moJ Am¡a ewÕ-Cn`moJ _| AÝVa ~VbmAmoŸ&
4. AmR>dt n¥Ïdr, J«ÝW, J«ÝWH$ma, J«ÝW-N>ÝX, J«ÝW-àH$aU, gdm}Îm_
Vn, gdm}Îm_ Y_©, g§`_ H$m CnH$aU, ew{M H$m CnH$aU Am¡a kmZ
H$m CnH$aU - Am{X Ho$ Zm_ ~VbmAmoŸ&
5. Ü`mZñW _w{Z, gå`½kmZ Am¡a {gÕ H$m gwI Am{X Ho$ Ñï>mÝV ~VbmAmoŸ&
6. N>h T>mbm| Ho$ Zm_, _w{Z Ho$ nrN>r Am{X H$m An[aJ«hnZm, aËZÌ` Ho$
Zm_, lmdH$ H$mo Z½ZVm H$m A^md Am{X Ho$ H$maU _mÌ ~VbmAmoŸ&
7. A[ahÝV Xem H$m g_`, ApÝV_ CnXoe, AmË_pñWaVm Ho$ g_` H$m
gwI, Ho$ebm|M H$m g_`, H$_©Zme go CËnÞ hmoZdo mbo JwUm| H$m {d^mJ,
J«ÝW-aMZm H$m H$mb, Ord H$s {ZË`Vm VWm A_y{V©H$nZm, n[afh
O` H$m \$b, amJê$nr Ap½Z H$s empÝV H$m Cnm`, ewÕ AmË_m, ewÕ
152 N>hT>mbm N>R>dt T>mb 153

Cn`moJ H$m {dMma Am¡a Xem, gH$bMm[aÌ, {gÕm| H$s Am`w {Zdmg
ñWmZ Am¡a g_` VWm ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌm{X H$m dU©Z H$amoŸ&
8. gå`½Xe©Z, gå`½kmZ, gå`ŠMm[aÌ, XoeMm[aÌ, gH$bMm[aÌ, Mma
J{V, ñdê$nmMaUMm[aÌ, ~mah d«V, ~mah ^mdZm, {_Ï`mËd Am¡a
_mojm{X {df`m| na boI {bImoŸ&
9. {XJå~a O¡Z _w{Z H$m ^moOZ, g_Vm, {dhma, Z½ZVm go hm{Z-bm^;
{XJå~a O¡Z _w{Z H$mo am{ÌJ_Z H$m {d{Y `m {ZfoY, {XJå~a O¡Z _w{Z
H$mo K‹S>r, MQ>mB© (AmgZ) `m Mí_m Am{X aIZo H$m {d{Y `m {ZfoY -
Am{X ~mVm| H$m ñnï>rH$aU H$amoŸ&
10. A_wH$ eãX, MaU Am¡a N>ÝX H$m AW© `m ^mdmW© H$hmoŸ& AmR>dt T>mb
H$m gmam§e ~VbmAmoŸ&

B{V H${dda n§{S>V Xm¡bVam_ {da{MV N>hT>mbm Ho$

JwOamVr AZwdmX H$m {hÝXr-AZwdmX

XoImo Or AmXrída ñdm_r, H¡$gm Ü`mZ bJm`m h¡Ÿ&

H$a D$na H$a gw^J {damO¡, AmgZ {Wa R>ham`m h¡Ÿ&&Q>Ho $Ÿ&&
OJV {d^y{V ^y{V g_ VOH$a, {ZOmZÝX nX Ü`m`m h¡Ÿ&
gwa{^V ídmgm Amem dmgm, Zmgm Ñ{ï> gwhm`m h¡Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
H§$MZ daZ Mbo _Z a§M Z gwa-{J[a Á`m| {Wa Wm`m h¡Ÿ&
Omg nmg A{h _moa _¥Jr h[a, Om{V {damoY Zem`m h¡Ÿ&&2Ÿ&&
ewY-Cn`moJ hþVmeZ _| {OZ, dgw{d{Y g{_Y Obm`m h¡Ÿ&
í`m_{b AbH$md{b {ga gmoh,o _mZmo YwAm± C‹S>m`m h¡Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&
OrdZ-_aZ Abm^-bm^ {OZ, g~H$mo Zme ~Vm`m h¡Ÿ&
gwa Za ZmJ Z_qh nX OmHo$ ""Xm¡b'' Vmg Og Jm`m h¡Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&

81
22
(5) AgwaHw$_mam| H$m J_Z, gånyU© Ordam{e, J^©{Zdmg H$m g_`,
`m¡dZmdñWm, ZaH$ H$s Am`w, {ZJmoXdmg H$m g_`, {ZJmo{X`m H$s
BpÝÐ`m±, {ZJmo{X`m H$s Am`w, {ZJmoX _| EH$ œmg _| OÝ_-_aU VWm
œmg H$m n[a_mU ~VbmAmoŸ&
(6) Ìg n`m©` H$s Xwb^© Vm 1-2-3-4-5 BpÝÐ` Ord, VWm erV go bmoho
H$m Jmobm Jb OmZo H$mo Ñï>m§V Ûmam g_PmAmoŸ&
(7) ~wao n[aUm_m| go àmá hmoZo `mo½` J{V, J«ÝW aM{`Vm, Ord-H$_© gå~ÝY,
Ordm| H$s BpÀN>V VWm A{ZpÀN>V dñVw, Z_ñH¥$V dñVw, ZaH$ H$s
ZXr, ZaH$ _| OmZodmbo AgwaHw$_ma, ZmaH$s H$m eara, {ZJmo{X`m H$m
eara, {ZJmoX go {ZH$bH$a àmá hmoZodmbr n`m©`|, Zm¡ _hrZo go H$_
g_` VH$ J^© _| ahZodmbo, {_Ï`mËdr d¡_m{ZH$ H$s ^{dî`H$mbrZ
n`m©`, _mVm-{nVm a{hV Ord, gdm©{YH$ Xw…I H$m ñWmZ, Am¡a g§Šboe
n[aUm_ g{hV _¥Ë`w hmoZo Ho$ H$maU àmá hmoZo `mo½` J{V H$m Zm_
~VbmAmoŸ&
(8) AnZr BÀN>mZwgma {H$gr eãX, MaU AWdm N>§X H$m AW© `m ^mdmW©
H$hmoŸ& nhbr T>mb H$m gmam§e g_PmAmo, J{V`m| Ho$ Xw…Im| na EH$
boI {bImo AWdm H$hH$a gwZmAmoŸ&
^OZ
dÝXm| AX²^Vw MÝÐdra {OZ, ^{dMH$moa {MV hmarŸ&
{MXmZÝX A§~{w Y A~ CN>a>çmo ^d Vn ZmeZ hmarŸ&&Q>Ho $.Ÿ&&
{gÕmaW Z¥n Hw$b Z^ _ÊS>b, IÊS>Z ^«_-V_ ^marŸ&
na_mZÝX Ob{Y {dñVmaZ, nmn Vmn N>` H$marŸ&&1Ÿ&&
C{XV {ZaÝVa {Ì^wdZ AÝVa, H$saV {H$aZ ngmarŸ&
Xmof _b§H$ H$b§H$ AI{H$, _moh amhþ {ZadmarŸ&&2Ÿ&&
H$_m©daU n`moY Aamo{YV, ~mo{YV {ed _JMmarŸ&
JUYam{X _w{Z CS²JZ godV, {ZV nyZ_ {V{W YmarŸ&&3Ÿ&&
A{Ib AbmoH$mH$me Cëb§KZ, Omgw kmZ CO`marŸ&
"Xm¡bV' VZgm Hw$_w{X{Z_moXZ, Á`m| Ma_ OJVmarŸ&&4Ÿ&&
N>hT>mbm 40 N>hT>mbm
(4) AmË_{hV, AmË_e{º$ H$m {dñ_aU, J¥hrV {_Ï`mËd, OrdVÎd H$s
n{hMmZ Z hmoZo _| {H$gH$m Xmof h¡, VÎd H$m à`moOZ, Xw…I, _mojgwI
H$s Aàm{á Am¡a g§gma-n[a^«_U Ho$ H$maU Xem©AmoŸ&
(5) {_Ï`mÑ{ï> H$m AmË_m, OÝ_ Am¡a _aU, H$ï>Xm`H$ dñVw Am{X gå~ÝYr
{dMma àJQ> H$amoŸ&
(6) Hw$Jwé, Hw$Xod Am¡a {_Ï`mMm[aÌ Am{X Ho$ Ñï>mÝV XmoŸ& AmË_{hVê$n Y_©
Ho$ {b`o àW_ ì`dhma `m {ZíM`?
(7) Hw$Jwé VWm Hw$Y_© H$m godZ Am¡a amJm{X^md Am{X H$m \$b ~VbmAmoŸ&
{_Ï`mËd na EH$ boI {bImoŸ& AZoH$mÝV Š`m h¡? amJ Vmo ~mYH$ hr h¡,
VWm{n ì`dhma _moj_mJ© H$mo (ew^amJ H$m) {ZíM` H$m hoVw Š`m| H$hm h¡?
(8) A_wH$ eãX, MaU AWdm N>ÝX H$m AW© Am¡a ^mdmW© ~VbmAmoŸ& Xygar
T>mb H$m gmam§e g_PmAmoŸ&
ho {OZ Voamo gwOg COmJa JmdV h¡ _w{ZOZ kmZrŸ&&Q>oH$.Ÿ&&
XwO©` _moh _hm^Q> OmZo {ZO dg H$sZo h¢ OJ àmZrŸ&
gmo Vw_ Ü`mZ H¥$nmZ nmZ Jqh VV² {N>Z VmH$s {W{VhmZrŸ&&1Ÿ&&
gwá AZm{X A{dÚm {ZÐm {OZ OZ {ZO gw{Y {~gamZrŸ&
h²d¡ gMoV {VZ {ZO {Z{Y nmB© ldU gwZr O~ Vw_ dmZrŸ&&2Ÿ&&
_§Jb_` Vy OJ _| CÎm_, Vy hr eaU {ed_J XmZrŸ&
Vw_ nX godm na_ Am¡f{Y OÝ_-Oam-_¥V JX hm{ZŸ&&3Ÿ&&
Vw_ao n§MH$ë`mUH$ _mht {Ì^wdZ _moh Xem hmZrŸ&
{dîUw {dXmå~a {OîUw {XJå~a ~wY {ed H${h Ü`mdV Ü`mZrŸ&&4Ÿ&&
gd© Xd© JwU n[aO` n[aU{V, Vw_ gw~moY _| Zqh N>mZrŸ&
VmV| "Xm¡b' Xmg Ca Amem àH$Q> H$ar {ZO ag gmZrŸ&&4Ÿ&&
82