2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), 24-25 November, 2018, Kolkata, India
Design of Flyback Converter by using an Ideal
Switch and a MOSFET Switch
Gourab Das#, M.De, K.K.Mandal
Department of Power Engineering
Jadavpur University
Kolkata-700098,India
#Corresponding Author: email- gourabdas.ju@gmail.com
Abstract—The Flyback Converters have become one of the most
popular used buck-boost topology because of their simple design and
working efficiency. In this paper, the dynamic models of the flyback
converter using two different switches have been compared. One using an
ideal switch and other using a MOSFET switch. These models have
respective advantages for example single switching, coupled inductor,
output filter (capacitive), isolation and operating of these models at a
particular value of frequency in a traditional PWM scheme. In the
MOSFET Switch Flyback converter the PWM percentage period of Input
Output can be increase or decrease. To access apparent parameters, a
model is simulated to find the transformer parameters, capacitive
parameters, frequency of operation. A simulation model for this purpose
in MATLAB/SIMULINK has been devised and then affirmed by running
this model on the simulation platform. Also to find its various
performance matrices with their verification.
Keywords—Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Flyback
Converter, MOSFET, AC-DC Converter.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increase in demand of modern power electronics
there is a need of power converters of high density. In mostly
cases, the magnetic components area, including inductors and
transformers, somehow affects overall view of the converters.
The attractiveness found here is in the way of connecting the
inductors and transformers in a single core and hence the price
as well as the size of converters may be decreased.
By the use of integrated magnetic, there are mainly two
well-known types of isolated dc/dc converter topologies: buck
mode topologies and buck-boost mode topologies. The buck
mode topologies have converters like full-bridge converter,
push-pull converter, half-bridge converter and forward
converter. The buck-boost mode topologies have converters
such as flyback converter connected with ideal switch as well
as MOSFET switch.
DC to DC converters are those kind of converters which
convert one DC voltage level from the supply side to another
level at the load side, by storing the supplied input energy at
one voltage level, using non-linear electric components, and
sending that stored energy to the load side at some other
voltage level.
The electrical energy storing here can be either
electrically or magnetically. The capacitors are used as electric
field storage component and transformers or inductors are used
as magnetic field storage component [1]. This paper deals with
design of a full bridge buck converter along with fly back
snubber for high power electronics application. A fly back
snubber is integrated with a diode, a capacitor and a fly back
converter. A fly back snubber circuit is used to clamp the
voltage spike emanating from the current difference between
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the leakage inductance and current-fed inductor of the isolation
transformer. The fly back snubber reduces the current passing
at the current-fed side associated with the active switches. It
has been simulated using MATLAB software and is checked
for feasibility with the simulated results of the conventional
circuit without a fly back snubber[2].
II. FLYBACK CONVERTER
The flyback converter can be used for both: AC/DC
conversion as well as DC/DC conversion processes. It is a
modified topology of buck-boost converter consisting of
inductor split into two, in order to design a transformer. The
advantage of introducing the transformer into this converter is
that there is the isolation which provides multiplied voltage
ratios. The power efficiency of the conversion using flyback is
about 75% to 98% which is more than linear voltage
regulation [3].The efficiency of linear voltage regulation is less
because it dissipates maximum power as heat. In this topology,
energy is stored in form of electric field during Switch ON
period and released in a form of magnetic field from inductor
or transformer. The switching frequency can be in range of
300 kHz to 10 MHz. The ratio termed as duty cycle ratio is
defined as the ratio of ON/OFF time. The energy conversion
process has the direct relationship with the duty cycle. The
amount of power transferred can be changed by changing the
duty cycle. This is generally implemented to control the output
voltage, however the input/output current can also be
controlled through this, and the constant power can also be
maintained as well.
The converters which are based on transformer basically
provide the isolation between the supply side and load side
which makes the load protected during faults. Mostly, the
designation “DC/DC converter” is indicated to a particular
kind of any switching converters. These converters are entitled
as the soul of a Switched-Mode Power Supply(SMPS). In case
of high power transformation, power electronics’
semiconductor switches are being used in switching regulators,
in both ON and OFF states [4]. As these states are having less
power loss, the efficiencies of the switching regulators in this
energy conversion process could be high. Unlike the
conventional switches, modern power electronics switches are
able to perform even at the larger frequencies. The size of
transformers and filters has inverse relation with the operating
frequency. The more is the value of operating frequency, the
lesser will be the size of transformers, filters (capacitors) and
inductors. Also, the dynamic characteristics of the converter
improve with increase in operating frequency.
Here the voltage at the load side is being regulated and
controlled by the pulse width modulation technique. This idea
 2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), 24-25 November, 2018, Kolkata, India 111

is being used in applications comprising alternating current
too, which includes highly-efficient converters(dc/ac) like
inverters, some of the ac/ac converters, and even few ac/dc
converters[5].
The main objective of this paper is to analyze the working
principle of the flyback converter using two different switches,
the Ideal switch and the MOSFET switch. The transformer
design, and the switch output capacitance are also included in
this converter.
This circuit offers single as well as multiple output
voltages and it can also be operated even the supply is having
huge variations in input voltage [8]. When the AC voltage is
rectified followed by a simpler capacitor then we get the
unregulated DC voltage at the input. The stress introduced by
voltage across the switches is more and thus the energy
efficiency is less in the ideal switch topology. This converter
also suffers from low utilization of transformer and severe
EMI.

III. ASSUMPTIONS
For analyzing the working of the proposed circuit of flyback in
detail, the following assumptions have been made [6]:
• Voltage-drops at switch-on time interval across
diodes and switches are assumed to be zero. Leakage
currents through the devices during switch-OFF time
interval are also neglected.
• The switch-on time and switch-off time of the diode
and the switch are neglected.
• The transformer made by inductor in this circuit is
accepted as an ideally working transformer, having
no magnetizing current, no losses and no leakage
inductance.
• The elements of the filter used, like capacitors and
inductors, are taken as those elements which are
having less loss.
• The analysis of the circuit during its steady state
operation is modified by keeping the duty ratio (δ) of
the switch as constant.
Fig 2: Simulation Diagram of Ideal Switch Flyback Converter
• The dc voltages at the supply side and on load side
are kept at one energy level that is constant and also
kept free from ripples. Current in the inductive TABLE I. CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF IDEAL SWITCH FLYBACK
CONVERTER.
component is supposed to be flowing in continuous
state. Parameter Value

IV. IDEAL SWITCH FLYBACK CONVERTER Output voltage 10 volt

For low output power applications, mostly used SMPS Output power Less than 1 watt
circuit is the Flyback converter [7]. In this converter, the input
supply circuit and the load at output are isolated from each Output current 1 m Amp
other using galvanic-isolation modeled circuit. Hence, this
proposed circuit of SMPS will provide the output power Switching frequency 500KHz
ranging from a very few watts to 100 watts. Among other
circuits, the ideal switch flyback converter is simpler than the Duty cycle 0.8
conventional SMPS circuits.
Input voltage 100 volt

Inductor 10 micro H

Resistor 100 ohm

Capacitor 1.2 micro F

The ideal switched flyback converter bridged with an

active clamp circuit is introduced which is capable of
Fig 1: Ideal Switch Flyback Converter.
obtaining soft switching. This reduces the switching losses.
The maximal value of voltage for the switch is found to be the
sum of reflected output voltages and the DC input. Due to this
reason, the switches suffers from high voltage stress in
converters.
 2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), 24-25 November, 2018, Kolkata, India 112

Fig 3: Input Voltage for Ideal Switch Flyback Converter.

Fig 4: Output Voltage of Ideal Switch Flyback Converter.

The energy efficiency of MOSFET switch topology is more

V. MOSFET SWITCH FLYBACK CONVERTER than Ideal switch topology and low voltage stress is offered
The power supplied by Flyback is superior as compared to across the switches in this topology[9]. The MOSFET switch
other kind of SMPS circuit. But the topology having simple flyback converter can said to be the enhanced version of the
circuit and being lesser in cost, makes the converter suitable in Ideal switched flyback converter.
the application that uses low range of power output. The
mostly used Flyback converter needs a controller switch such
as MOSFET in which the range of the switching frequency is
100 kHz.

Fig 5: MOSFET Switch Flyback Converter. Fig 6: Simulation Diagram of MOSFET Switch Flyback Converter.
 2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), 24-25 November, 2018, Kolkata, India 113

TABLE II. CIRCUIT PARAMETERS OF MOSFET SWITCH FLYBACK Additionally, no snubber is used because the energy of the
CONVERTER.
leakage inductor is being fed back to the input source. In this
Parameter Value circuit the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and MOSFET
switch is installed to increase or decrease the duty cycle. The
Output voltage 250 volt transfer of power takes place in the circuit has to pass through
the resistance, which results in the loss in circuit. Due to this
Output power 640 watt reason, the magnitude of actual power seems to be delivering
at the load can undergoes a serious affect. The Pulse Width
Output current 6 amp
Modulation Technique can be used here to control the amount
Switching frequency 5KHz
of power that has been transferred to the load.

Duty cycle 0.7 For low power applications, the flyback converter with
MOSFET switch is one of the most commonly used DC-DC
Input voltage 100 volt power converter. The demerit of the Ideal switched flyback
converter over the MOSFET switched converter is that it
Inductor 100mH offers high voltage stress while switching off the converter.
The resonance condition occurs by the output capacitance (of
Resistor 100 ohm transistors) and the leakage inductance (of transformers)
results in high voltage transients. This transient is responsible
Capacitor 1000 micro F for increase in switching losses and conduction losses. To
tolerate this high transient voltage during turn off, a high
voltage rated switch is used.

Fig 7: Input Voltage for MOSFET Switch Flyback Converter.

Fig 8: Output Voltage of MOSFET Switch Flyback Converter.

 2018 IEEE Electron Device Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), 24-25 November, 2018, Kolkata, India
Fig 9: Mean Output Voltage of MOSFET Switch Flyback Converter.
The advantages of MOSFET Switched Flyback Converter
are as follows[9]:
The snubber circuit is not required. Leakage inductance
energy can be reuse by the supply side of the converter. In
primary side the 500V MOSFET can be used. In secondary
side rectifier circuit, there is a low voltage stress. The drained
overshoot voltage is clamped to the voltage at input side. Easy
control. MOSFET having high speed of operation makes the
converter to perform easily even at the simultaneously varying
condition of the input voltages.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Due to their low cost and simplicity, while achieving wide
voltage operation range and high efficiency, Ideal switch and
MOSFET switch topologies are well known converters for
boost kind of DC-DC conversion application. During the OFF-
state of the main supply switch, the flyback converter transfers
the energy from the supply side to the load having filter
(capacitor). During switch ON-state the flyback converter
stores energy in inductor airgap. When the switch is turn OFF,
the inductor will use that energy which was stored earlier. In
the Ideal switch flyback the controlling is not easy while in
MOSFET switch flyback, input voltage can be buck (step-
down) or boost (step-up) by using different values of the Duty
cycle of the switch. The simulation model of Flyback
Converter using both the switches has been simulated in
MATLAB/Simulink. The characteristics of these two different
switched-converters topologies are examined individually and
carefully in detail. And then comparison is done between these
two topologies using their individual characteristics curves.
114
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