CALCULATION OF ANODE RESISTANCE (PLACED VERTICALLY)

֍ Resistance of Multiple Vertical Anodes Connected to a Common Header Cable or Structure

● Condition-1: When Anode spacing is sufficient or far enough (S>>L) i.e. S>10L

▶ Using Dwight’s modified and Sunde equation as follows:

𝜌 8𝐿 𝜌 8𝐿 2𝐿
𝑅= {ln( ) − 1} 𝑅= {ln − 1 + ln(0.656𝑁)}
2𝜋𝐿𝑁 𝑑 2𝜋𝑁𝐿 𝑑 𝑆
Where, INPUT DATA
ρ = Resistivity of soil ρ= 10.00 Ω-m
L = Length of Anode L= 1.20 m
d = Diameter of Anode d= 0.040 m
S = Spacing of Anode [Here, S = 10 x L ] S= 12.00 m
N = Number of Anodes N= 10.00 Nos.
R = Resistance of vertical anode to remote earth (Ω) Rdwight's = 0.59 Ω
RSunde = 0.64 Ω

Anodes connected with a Common Header Cable

Anode Spacing

S S S
L

Anode -N
Anode -3 Anode -2 Anode -1

d Fig (a): Multiple Vertical Anodes Connected to a Common Header Cable

● Condition-2: When Anode spacing is typically short (S>L or S<L) i.e. S<10L

▶ Using Sunde equation as follows:

𝜌 8𝐿 2𝐿
𝑅= {ln − 1 + ln(0.656𝑁)}
2𝜋𝑁𝐿 𝑑 𝑆
Where, INPUT DATA
ρ = Resistivity of soil ρ= 10.00 Ω-m
L = Length of Anode L= 1.20 m
d = Diameter of Anode d= 0.040 m
S = Spacing of Anode [Here, S = 0.83 x L ] S= 1.00 m
N = Number of Anodes N= 10.00 Nos.
R = Resistance of vertical anode to remote earth (Ω) RSunde = 1.19 Ω

Result:
Case-1: Resistance of Multiple Vertical Anodes to remote Earth (when S>>L)
Rdwight's = 0.59 Ω
RSunde = 0.64 Ω
Case-2: Resistance of Multiple Vertical Anodes to remote Earth (when S<10L)
RSunde = 1.19 Ω

Note:
This equation is applicable where L>>d, soil resistivity is homogeneous, and the anode is not located well
below grade.

[When the anode spacing (S) is typically short (e.g., S < 10L), there is mutual interference (crowding effect due to the
current from each anode competing for the same current path) causing the resistance to increase as calculated by the
Dwight's modified equation]