CALCULATION OF ANODE RESISTANCE (PLACED HORIZONTALLY)

֍ Resistance of a Single Rod Shaped Anode Positioned Horizintally in the Earth

● Condition-1: For Anodes placed directly on Earth [ When the depth is shallow (t << L) and (L >> d) ]

▶ Using Dwight’s equation as follows:

𝜌 𝐿
𝑅= ln( )
2𝜋𝐿 𝑡𝑑
Where, INPUT DATA
ρ = Resistivity of soil ρ= 10.00 Ω-m
L = Length of Anode L= 1.00 m
d = Diameter of Anode d= 0.040 m
t = Depth of Anode below grade [Here, t = 0.3 x L ] t= 0.300 m
R = Resistance of Horizontal anode to remote earth (Ω) R= 7.04 Ω

t t Anode backfill

Anode d Anode d

L
L
Fig (a): Anode placed directly on Earth Fig (b): Anode placed in backfill

● Condition-2: Anodes placed in low resistivity Backfill [ When the depth is shallow (t << L) and (L >> d)]

▶ Using Dwight’s equation as follows:

𝜌 𝐿
𝑅= ln( )
2𝜋𝐿 𝑡𝑑
Where, INPUT DATA
ρ = Resistivity of soil ρ= 10.00 Ω-m
L = Length of Anode bed L= 1.20 m
d = Diameter of Anode bed d= 0.045 m
t = Depth of Anode below grade [Here, t = 0.25 x L ] t= 0.300 m
R = Resistance of Horizontal anode to remote earth (Ω) R= 6.20 Ω

Result:
Case-1: Resistance of Single Horizontal Anode to remote Earth (placed Directly in Earth)
Anode Resistance, R = 7.04 Ω
Case-2: Resistance of Single Horizontal Anode to remote Earth (placed in backfill)
Anode Resistance, R = 6.20 Ω

Note:
This equation is applicable when the depth is shallow (t << L) and (L >> d), i.e. the anode is not located well
below grade and soil resistivity is homogeneous.